THE FRONTLINE WORKERS WE FAILED Taking Stock of a Bitter Year

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THE FRONTLINE WORKERS WE FAILED Taking stock of a bitter year

BY HAMILTON NOLAN

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ON THE COVER A Year in the Life of Safeway 1048 16

Is It Nina SPECIAL INVESTIGATION RTW Cleaves the Turner’s Turn? The Disappeared Granite State The Cleveland native hopes Migrants In New Hampshire, the future to move Ohio left The Biden admin continues Trump’s of labor hangs in the air BY NUALA BISHARI expulsions on public health pretext BY C.M. LEWIS 7 BY TINA VÁSQUEZ 6 22

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 1 No political movement can be healthy unless it has its own press to inform it, educate it and orient it. “ — IN THESE TIMES FOUNDER JAMES WEINSTEIN ” TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOUNDING EDITOR & PUBLISHER JAMES WEINSTEIN (1926–2005)

DISPATCHES FEATURES EDITOR & PUBLISHER Joel Bleifuss EXECUTIVE EDITOR Jessica Stites 6 LABOR 16 LABOR EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER Christopher Hass Right To Work Cleaves A Year in the Life of INTERIM MANAGING EDITOR Alex DiBranco the Granite State Safeway 1048 WEB EDITORS Miles Kampf-Lassin, BY C.M. LEWIS BY HAMILTON NOLAN Jacob Sugarman WISCONSIN EDITOR Alice Herman 7 Is It Nina Turner’s Turn? 22 SPECIAL INVESTIGATION LABOR REPORTER Hamilton Nolan INVESTIGATIVE FELLOW Indigo Olivier BY NUALA BISHARI Trump Created a Shadow COPY EDITOR Bob Miller System To Expel Migrants. PROOFREADERS Sharon Bloyd-Peshkin, The NHS Gives Britain 9 Biden Embraced It. Rochelle Lodder a Shot in the Arm SENIOR EDITORS Patricia Aufderheide, BY TINA VÁSQUEZ Susan J. Douglas, David Moberg, Salim BY NATASHA HAKIMI ZAPATA Muwakkil, Kurt Vonnegut (1922–2007) 28 Special Donor CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Kate Aronoff, Appreciation Section Theo Anderson, Michael Atkinson, VIEWPOINT Frida Berrigan, Michelle Chen, Jude Ellison S. Doyle, Pete Karman, Kari Lydersen, Moshe Z. Marvit, Jane 12 Forever War Once More DEPARTMENTS Miller, Shaun Richman, Slavoj Žižek BY DANNY SJURSEN CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Dean Baker, 4 In Conversation Rebecca Burns, Barbara Ehrenreich, Jeremy Gantz, Leonard C. Goodman, Mindy Isser, Naomi Klein, Chris Lehmann, John CULTURE 7 This Month in Nichols, Rick Perlstein, Micah Uetricht Late Capitalism ASSISTANT TO THE MANAGING EDITOR 48 On Envisioning an Clara Liang 10 In Case You Missed It EDITORIAL INTERNS Brianna Bilter, Maryum Alternative World Elnasseh, Paco Alvarez, Sadie Morris WRITTEN BY ALISSE 13 The Big Idea: Critical Race Theory CREATIVE DIRECTOR Rachel K. Dooley WATERSTON, ILLUSTRATED DESIGN ASSISTANT Matt Whitt BY CHARLOTTE CORDEN CARTOONS EDITOR Matt Bors 54 Comics CARTOONISTS Terry LaBan, Dan Perkins DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR ON THE COVER 56 In Those Times: Lauren Kostoglanis Photo by Farrah Skeiky DEVELOPMENT COORDINATOR Jamie Hendry Gitmo Has Got To Go PUBLISHING ASSISTANT Caroline Reid CIRCULATION DIRECTOR Rebecca Sterner IN THESE TIMES BOARD OF DIRECTORS M. Nieves Bolaños, Tobita Chow, Kevin Creighan, Dan Dineen, James Harkin, Robert Kraig, Paul Olsen, Rick Perlstein, Steven Saltzman, Stacy Sutton, David Taber, William Weaver

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2 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 EDITORIAL

Class War in the Senate

issing from the Congressio- 65 hours a week, 52 weeks a year, to earn the nal debate over raising the $7.25 feder- $68,808 living wage they need. Some people try al minimum wage to $15 an hour is any to do it; according to the Census Bureau, around acknowledgement that poverty-level 7.8% of workers hold more than one job. wages are integral to a class system that When former enslaved person and abolitionist Mrewards the rich and punishes the poor. Frederick Douglass took his first paying job, he de- With few exceptions, where a person ends up clared, “Now I am my own master.” But by 1883, he in life—in terms of health, wealth and general observed, “Experience demonstrates that there wellbeing—is determined by the economic class into which they are born. People born On March 5, the Senate had another poor die poor. People born rich die rich. This basic, intrinsic feature of American opportunity to lift millions out of political economy is shaded from view by poverty, by raising the minimum wage our culture’s celebration of the so-called to $15. But 50 Republicans and seven meritocracy, the myth that if a person Democrats voted against the bill. works hard enough, they can win at any table, despite the stacked deck. Government can intervene to lift may be a slavery of wages only a little people out of poverty. The 1944 GI less galling and crushing in its effects Bill, for example, enabled the fami- than chattel slavery, and that this slavery lies of millions of World War II vets to of wages must go down with the other.” enter the middle class. Because of structur- The condition of wage workers has improved al racism, however, most of those who benefit- since the depravities of the Gilded Age because ed were white. The legislation did not guarantee of the tireless work of the American labor move- the same housing and educational benefits to 1.2 ment. That movement, however, has atrophied million Black vets. in recent decades, with membership declining On March 5, the Senate had another opportu- from its 1954 high of 34.8% of the workforce to nity to lift millions out of poverty, this time by the current 10.8%. raising the minimum wage to $15. But 50 Re- Though his bill was defeated, Sanders vowed publicans, seven Democrats and an Indepen- to fight on: “If any Senator believes this is the dent voted against the bill sponsored by Sen. last time they will cast a vote on whether or not Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.). In doing so, they denied a to give a raise to 32 million Americans, they are raise to the 32 million workers—about 21% of the sorely mistaken.” workforce—including 31% of Black workers, 26% In addition to giving that raise, next on the pro- percent of Hispanic workers and 20% of white gressive agenda should be the Protecting the workers. That number includes the 1.1 million Right to Organize (PRO) Act, which passed the Americans who earn $7.25 or less, and the ap- House on March 9, and now heads to the Sen- proximately 20.6 million who earn a “near-min- ate. If passed, it would enshrine the basic right imum” wage of up to $10.10, according to the of workers to organize without interference from Pew Research Center. their employers. It would also allow workers to Like $7.25 an hour, $10.10 is not a “living engage in political strikes, secondary strikes and wage,” the earnings needed to cover the cost of solidarity strikes—powerful tactics once despised a family’s basic necessities, as defined by the by anti-New-Dealers who sought to rein in worker Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Living power with the Taft-Hartley Act. Wage Calculator project. By MIT’s calculation, a American workers need a raise. They also need couple with two children who each earn $10.10 power over their workplaces and their own lives. an hour would both need to work more than — JOEL BLEIFUSS

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 3 IN CONVERSATION

THE “ESSENTIAL YOUNG SOCIALISTS GO THE RACIST ORIGINS CHUY AND THE WORKER” SWINDLE P. 12 FOR UNION JOBS P. 7 OF 9-1-1 P. 22 SQUAD P. 28 gathers information, but I suggest they visit Cuba before slamming it. If they have visited the island, they did it with their eyes closed. —Kevin Haley Colona, Colo. THE FACTORY NEXT DOOR FROM THE EDITOR: BY AUSTYN GAFFNEY + I find it helpful to read an ar- Black Lives Matter co-founder Alicia Garza on

MARCH 2021 celebrity in movements ticle with my eyes open. As author Orlando Luis Pardo FROM AN ‘OLD REDNECK’ Lazo writes, he lived in Cuba. Not just a visitor to the is- I was just reflecting on Sam land, he spent the first four Mitrani’s January 2015 arti- decades of his life in Cuba; cle for In These Times, “The PHOTO BY JAMIE HENDRY he “escaped,” as he puts it, in Police Were Created to 2013 when he was 41. He was Control Working Class and ɯ NOW IN SEASON: COVID one of the Cuban writers fea- Poor People, Not ‘Serve n hindsight, February 2020 and SOS applicants who lost a tured in our 2009 special and Protect.’ ” Now, in was an inauspicious month larger percentage of their an- edition to mark the 50th an- 2021, it is all the more clear. for a grand opening. nual 2020 revenue (compared niversary of the revolution, I also recently heard This time last year, ITT with 2019) receive priority. As “Inside Cuba: Voices from the I someone say that, in the was celebrating the opening of an organization with a new ven- Island.” In his 2009 article, United States, the purpose the new space for The Lincoln ue under construction in 2019, “Guerilla Blogging: A Vir- of the police is to keep Lodge, Chicago’s popular the Lodge brought in less reve- tual Democracy Against All stand-up comedy showcase, nue that year, which puts it in a poor people away from Odds,” Pardo Lazo describes on the first floor of our build- sticky situation. rich people. To my mind, the persecution faced by ing (“Laughing Out Lodge,” In the meantime, Geary has this idea sums up your en- famed Cuban blogger Yoani April 2021). Part of the non- come up with creative ideas tire, excellent article. As Sánchez and other writers. profit Tight Five Productions, to raise funds, from setting up an old redneck white man, The day after In These the Lodge spent two years ren- a recording studio for comics I can’t even conceive of Times’ special issue went to ovating the downstairs com- and performers to getting a how much more obvious press in 2009, Sánchez and mercial space to create three special license to hold raffles. the concept must be to Pardo Lazo were abduct- small theaters and a training In These Times has com- non-whites. Sadly, we lack ed, beaten and dumped on center, an upgrade from its mitted to keeping the Lodge as the political will to lift a the outskirts of Havana, an early 2000s roots in a restau- our tenant for the rest of 2021, finger to fix it. rant backroom. regardless of its ability to cov- event Sánchez chronicled in Just as it has always been Then the pandemic hit. “It er rent. Still, the nonprofit fac- her blog, Generación Y. throughout history, the was hilariously perfect timing,” es other costs to support staff Pardo Lazo was not the rich people call the shots says Tight Five board member and performers and to survive only In These Times contrib- and the poor people have Mark Geary. “Which is what as an organization. utor to suffer. After agreeing to live with it. comedy is all about, right?” The Lodge plans to re- to write an article about —Ronnie Childs Geary hopes for funding open April 9, though its fu- LGBTQ rights in Cuba for the Richmond, Va. from the $15 billion Save Our ture remains uncertain. “At magazine, activist Mario Joe Stages Act (SOS), part of the this point,” Geary says, “[SOS Delgado Gonzales was arrest- December 2020 pandemic re- is] our only real lifeline to any BLINDED BY THE LIGHT ed and jailed, ostensibly for lief bill. But the Lodge is not sort of future.” I’m not sure where the au- trying to organize a “Mr. Gay alone in its struggle. Performing The Lincoln Lodge is thor of “Cuban Dissidents Havana Contest.” arts venues across the country welcoming donations at Log On” (February 2021) —JOEL BLEIFUSS are scrambling to stay afloat, gofundme.com/f/lincolnlodge.

4 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 IN CONVERSATION

DEAR GOOD PEOPLE, You always have this lit- of Health. Why not? LETTER FROM THE EDITOR tle “tell us how you real- I don’t understand. I am We love when In These Times stories make national headlines. ly feel” bit on your letters a left-wing kind of guy In February, Shireen Al-Adeimi wrote a correction to the ac- page. You even want to and hated Trump as much counts that President Joe Biden was ending U.S. military sup- know what someone might as the next socialist. But port for Saudi Arabia’s brutal war on Yemen. While papers like “hate” about In These I don’t get this faith in the New York Times treated word from the White House as fact, Times. I don’t hate any- these institutions and in Al-Adeimi, a Yemeni American scholar and activist, clarified: thing about the magazine, the stories they put out, Biden’s declaration is a significant step, but the wording leaves but I am puzzled and cu- which most left-leaning loopholes big enough to ship an F-35 fighter jet through. rious about something: people seem to have. Al-Adeimi then appeared on “All Things Considered” from Since the advent of the Co- Hundreds of perfectly NPR and “The World” from PRX/WGBH-Boston. vid-19 pandemic, I have credible doctors, medical But sometimes when we are thinking about what stories to not seen any articles in the administrators and scien- cover, we ask instead: What will never make national headlines? magazine that even begin tists have come forward—at For our cover story this issue, we sent labor reporter to ask sharp questions (let risk to their careers—with Hamilton Nolan to spend a week with the workers of Safeway alone attempt to answer some solid critiques of the store 1048 in Arlington, Va. We knew Hamilton was unlikely to them) about what might Covid-19 pandemic main- discover a smoking gun of employer maltreatment; like most be a less-than-truthful pan- stream propaganda. Surely corporations, Safeway does just enough to skirt bad press demic narrative coming somebody there has looked while preserving its bottom line. He found Safeway 1048 from the big health agencies into it? Anybody? cleaning and sanitizing nightly, but not requiring customers to and institutions, such as the Could we have maybe wear masks and doing little to protect workers when some- World Health Organization, an article about it? I just one at the store tests positive for Covid-19. the Centers for Disease renewed my subscription. Workers are bitter, exhausted, sick of arguing with mask- Control and Prevention, —R. Crumb less customers and scared to hug their and the National Institutes South of France own families. These are stories that do not make headlines in the dailies. The stories do, as Hamilton’s Q TELL US HOW YOU REALLY FEEL does, tune in to the background hum of American life: the quotidian Tell us what you like, what you hate and what you’d like to misery thrust upon workers by cor- see more of by emailing [email protected] or tweeting Jessica Stites porations. The pandemic has turned @inthesetimesmag, or reach us by post at 2040 N. Milwaukee Executive Editor that hum into a scream. Ave., Chicago, IL 60647.

IN THESE TIMES PUBLISHING CONSORTIUM SUBSCRIPTION QUESTIONS For subscription inquiries, address changes, back issues or classroom rates, call 800-827-0270 or email CHAMPIONS Grant Abert, Leonard C. Goodman, Collier Hands, James Harkin, [email protected]. Polly Howells and Eric Werthman, Samantha Kooney-Collins and Daniel Collins, ADVERTISING For advertising inquiries, contact Christopher Hass Chris Lloyd, Beth Maschinot, A. Paul Olsen, The Park Foundation, The Puffin Foundation at [email protected]. (Neal Rosenstein, Gladys Miller Rosenstein and Perry Rosenstein), David Rathke, Abby SPONSORSHIPS & PLANNED GIVING For information on Rockefeller and Lee Halprin, Jenny and Trevor Tomkins, The Estate of David Schwartz sponsorships or including In These Times in your will, contact Joel Bleifuss at 773-772-0100 or [email protected]. PARTNERS Elizabeth Brackett and Fred Olson, Nancy Fleck Myers, Leslie Noblitt, Alex Payne, The Peggy Meyerhoff Pearlstone Foundation, Lois Sontag, In These Times (ISSN 0160-5992) is published monthly Public Affairs, a 501(c)3 nonprofit. Nothing in this maga- Ellen Stone Belic, The Warner Fund (Kitty and Lewis Steel), The Libra Foundation by the Institute for Public Affairs, 2040 North Milwaukee zine should be construed as In These Times supporting or Avenue, Chicago, IL 60647. 773-772-0100. Periodicals opposing a candidate for political office. None of this maga- COLLEAGUES Theresa Alt and Wayles Browne, The Bella S. and Benjamin H. postage paid at Chicago, IL and at additional mailing offices. zine’s content may be reproduced in any manner, either Garb Foundation (Maggie Garb), Ralph Edgar Eakins, Francis Hagan, The Victor and Postmaster: Send address changes to In These Times, in whole or in part, without permission of the publisher. P.O. Box 6347, Harlan, IA 51593. This issue (Vol. 45, No. Subscriptions are $36.95 a year ($59 for institutions; Lorraine Honig Fund (Lorraine Honig), Betsy Kreiger and David Kandel, Terry Rogers 4) went to press on March 11, 2021, for newsstand sales $61.95 Canada; $75.95 overseas). Newsstand circulation and Stephen Kosokoff, Robert McChesney, Robert Nixon, Judith Rhinestine and Michael from April 6, 2021 to May 4, 2021. The entire contents of through Disticor Magazine Distribution Services, at 905- Stein, Alisse Waterston and Howard Horowitz In These Times are copyright © 2021 by the Institute for 619-6565. Printed in the United States.

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 5 DISPATCHES

gotiating contracts that require dues from non-union members for the benefits provided by the union—in practice chok- ing off union funding. Over the past decade, the laws have ex- panded into labor strongholds like Michigan and Wiscon- sin. New Hampshire has debat- ed becoming a right-to-work state since former President Reagan took office, but more labor-friendly Republican state officials have resisted. Legislators like Democrat- ic State Rep. Brian Sullivan say there is now a new extremism in the Republican caucus. The Free State Project—“an effort to basically turn [New Hampshire] into a libertarian island”—is part of a larger ideological shift that is, he says, “definitely growing.” Campaign spending has AP PHOTO/CHARLES KRUPA PHOTO/CHARLES AP helped shape the New Hamp- shire legislature, too. A report in the State House), the GOP has the New Hampshire Union Leader Right To Work its best chance in a generation finds political action committees to remake the Granite State. contributed nearly $100,000 to Cleaves the Right-wing interest groups like Republican state Senate candi- the Koch-funded Americans for dates by exploiting a loophole Above: Granite State Prosperity have long pushed for that allows special interests to The Interna- JAFFREY, N.H.—As fellow Demo- conservative reforms such as make multiple contributions. tional Union of crats reveled in Donald Trump’s so-called education savings ac- In this case, every contribution Bricklayers and presidential defeat, New Hamp- counts, which critics say will di- was traced to a single advoca- Allied Craftwork- shire State Rep. Doug Ley (also vert public funds toward private cy group, the New England Citi- ers Local 3 rally against so-called president of the American Fed- and religious education. But zens for Right to Work, and to its right-to-work laws eration of Teachers-New Hamp- their true prize—and the great- out-of-state donors. in Concord, N.H., shire) watched the election est source of consternation for Glenn Brackett, president of in February 2017. results with unease. Republicans unions like the American Feder- the New Hampshire AFL-CIO, House lawmak- captured both chambers of the ation of Teachers—is a Senate bill says legislators who accept- ers killed the General Court of New Hamp- known as SB 61. ed “out-of-state money” should union-targeting shire, and Republican Gov. Chris SB 61 would make New Hamp- have to answer to the public. “[It legislation after a Sununu handily won a third term. shire the 29th right-to-work state was] an abdication of their sworn Republican-on- In New Hampshire, a unified in the country, creating what Ley constitutional duties to the cit- Republican debate. Today, right-wing government is on a calls an “entering wedge into the izens of New Hampshire and state Dems say collision course with organized Northeast.” their constituents,” Brackett ex- labor-friendly labor. And, aided by poor pan- Right-to-work laws, which plains. “Right to work is not an Republicans are demic safety protocols (deter- originated in the Jim Crow organic program. … It’s being in short supply. ring Democratic officials from South, prohibit unions from ne- driven completely by out-of-state

6 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 DISPATCHES THIS MONTH special interests, and [people] are has been reintroduced in the accepting basically campaign Missouri state legislature, but contributions for their votes.” New Hampshire would become IN LATE CAPITALISM New Hampshire also has a re- the first right-to-work state in the quirement for legislators to at- Northeast—with potentially far- tend sessions in person, despite reaching consequences. ? OPIOIDS KILL TENS OF THOUSANDS ANNUALLY, the risks posed by Covid-19. That “When states like Wiscon- so four Big Pharma corporations are paying requirement could pave the way sin and Michigan went down to out $26 billion for the role they’ve played in the crisis. Of course, Johnson & Johnson, for right to work this year, de- right to work, it was a message McKesson, AmerisourceBergen and Cardinal spite past defeats. “We have a lot to the entire country that states Health still “disavow any wrongdoing or legal of Democrats that are not going that have a long labor tradition responsibility.” And they’ll rake back in $1 to the general sessions because of can be vulnerable to anti-labor billion each from related tax deductions. So, concerns about Covid,” accord- legislation,” Sullivan says. “Wis- four cheers for corporate tax deductions! ing to Democratic State Rep. Dan consin had the first public-sec- Toomey. “If everything were nor- tor bargaining law, and now they ? SEVEN-YEAR-OLD LIZA’S BRAIN SURGERIES are mal, I wouldn’t be worried about don’t have one.” being funded one lemonade at a time, thanks [right to work] at all.” Although hopeful that unions to the stand she set up in Birmingham, Ala. House Democrats, led by and legislative allies can stop (Liza’s mom did purchase additional health House Minority Leader Renny right to work and other conser- insurance but is still short thou- Cushing (who has stage four can- vative priorities, Ley is preparing sands of dollars.) As Republican cer), sued Republican Speaker for a fight. Rep. Buddy Carter (Ga.) once of the House Sherman Packard “Labor unions lead the way,” said (despite the pandemic), over the requirement, alleging Ley says. “The gains that we’re the United States has the Packard violated the Americans able to make often get trans- “best healthcare system in the world.” Liza says, “I with Disabilities Act by refusing ferred to and aid those who are hope I make it. … I feel like to make remote accommoda- not members of our unions. [This I’m not [going to make it].” tions for legislators with serious is] a corporate assault on work- health risks. But a district court ing families and working people ? COVID-19 VACCINES ARE SUPPOSED TO BE FREE dismissed the suit February 22. across the United States.” at point of service, but reports are surfac- Toomey’s fears appear to be C.M. LEWIS is an editor of Strikewave ing of providers charging fees, like the $195 warranted. Other controversial and a union activist in Pennsylvania. “vaccine consultation” billed to a patient at bills have already advanced de- Chicago’s Michigan Avenue Immediate Care. spite several state lawmakers After public outcry, the clinic says it will end being unable to cast votes, in- Is It Nina the practice. No word yet on what fee-cancel- cluding anti-choice legislation ation fees may be incurred. passed two days after the dis- Turner’s Turn? THE BATTLE FOR THE COVETED “RICHEST-PER- trict court’s ruling. According to CLEVELAND—Former Ohio State ? the Union Leader, House Repub- Sen. Nina Turner calls into a vir- SON-IN-THE-WORLD” TITLE continues between Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and Tesla CEO Elon licans also reversed the previous tual fundraiser February 24, Musk. Bezos is ahead at press time with a net Democratic majority’s positions hosted by Our Revolution, the worth of $180 billion (Musk is at a on education aid, gun control grassroots political advocacy paltry $166 billion). According to and redistricting that same week. group that used to call Turner Rupert Hoogewerf, whose Hurun The New Hampshire AFL-CIO its president. The event is one Report tracks these figures, has since distributed personal of dozens as her run for Con- “The world has never seen protective equipment in an effort gress ramps up in Ohio’s 11th this much wealth to address the safety concerns of Congressional District, around created in just one legislators from both parties. Cleveland and Akron. year … [un]expected Montana’s legislature vot- Per usual, Turner includes a for a year so badly ed down right-to-work legisla- call for radical change. disrupted by Covid-19.” tion March 2, and a similar bill “This nation is going to be bet- Hindsight is, after all, 20/20.

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 7 RESIST

NEW YORK—Hundreds demonstrate at a rally February 20 in Washington Square Park, denouncing white nationalism and standing in solidarity with the Asian American community in response to a wave of Covid-related violence. In the city, anti-Asian hate crimes increased more than ninefold between 2019 and 2020. Advocates blame the Sinophobic rhetoric of former President Donald Trump, who referred to the coronavirus as the “China virus.” Federal agencies are banned from using the phrase under President Joe Biden, whose executive order cited its potential to incite discrimination. (Photo by Dia Dipasupil/Getty Images)

ter because there are some 21st- that is about creating an Ameri- Turner the day she announced. century freedom fighters who ca that is as good as its promise, The progressive political action are willing to put it on the line,” for everybody,” Turner says. committee Justice Democrats Turner tells attendees. Turner announced her run to endorsed Turner in January, and Turner, who frequently cites fa- replace Rep. Marcia Fudge in De- Reps. Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.) and mous Black politicians and activ- cember 2020, shortly after Presi- Rashida Tlaib (D-Mich.) followed ists, this time references former dent Joe Biden announced Fudge suit in February. Rep. Barbara Jordan (D-Tex- as his pick for secretary of the “I’m looking to have her seated as), who famously said in 1977: Department of Housing and Ur- next to me, fighting this fight,” “What the people want is very ban Development. Turner is one Bush says at the February fund- simple. They want an America as of seven Democratic candidates, raiser. “We need somebody like good as its promise.” but what sets Turner apart early is Sen. Nina Turner who is unapol- “Whether it’s dealing with her national following. ogetic, who is unbossed, who is the damage that we’re doing to Turner quickly won an en- not ashamed and not afraid of her Mother Earth, to ensuring that dorsement from Sen. Bernie progressive values.” everybody in this nation has Sanders (I-Vt.), whom she cam- Inside the district, no poll- Medicare for All, to canceling paigned for in the 2016 and 2020 ing data has been released student debt, to dealing with the Democratic presidential prima- and campaign finance reports injustices in the criminal jus- ries. Reps. Cori Bush (D-Mo.) and have been slow. But in the first tice system—you name it, baby, Ro Khanna (D-Calif.) endorsed few weeks of the campaign,

8 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 Turner—who has pledged on the software, the internet con- Twitter not to accept any lobbyist nection they need to even be The NHS Gives or corporate PAC money—had able to study and learn. I’m run- raised $646,744. The next- ning for frontline workers.” Britain a Shot highest fundraiser, Cuyahoga Local endorsements in the County Councilor (and local race are slowly rolling in. The in the Arm Democratic Party Chair) Shon- Amalgamated Transit Union LONDON— Dr. John Lister tel Brown, had around $40,000. (ATU), which represents around watched in horror as the Unit- Liz Shirey, Turner’s campaign 1,800 workers in the Cleveland ed Kingdom’s Covid-19 mor- manager, says they raised more area, endorsed Turner in late tality rate climbed above 1 per than $1 million by early Feb- February, as did the Bakery, 1,000, one of the highest death ruary in “tens of thousands of Confectionery, Tobacco Work- rates in the world since the start small-dollar donations from ers and Grain Millers Union Lo- of the pandemic. So, when the across the country.” cal 19, and the Retail, Wholesale 71-year-old Briton was informed The former state senator’s local and Department Store Union. he would receive the Oxford- name recognition goes back more ATU was one of the first AstraZeneca vaccine in late Jan- than a decade. Turner served on unions to endorse Joe Biden in uary, he could hardly contain the Cleveland City Council from the 2020 primaries, so its vote himself. 2006 to 2008 before being ap- of confidence in Turner hints “It was a great moment of ex- pointed to the Ohio Senate. She at her ability to win over main- citement when I got the notifica- won her seat in 2010 but chose stream organizations, despite tion,” Lister tells In These Times. Below: not to run in 2014 to make a bid the more traditional Democrat- Lister, a health policy expert Nina Turner, (unsuccessfully) for Ohio secre- ic candidates. and associate professor at Cov- national co-chair of the Bernie tary of state. Still, Turner faces stiff com- entry University, was one of 15 Sanders 2020 Turner is joined in the race by petition to win the labor vote. million people in the United King- presidential Brown, former Cleveland Coun- Brown has the support of the dom to receive a Covid-19 vac- campaign, rallies cilor and current state Sen. Jeff local Bricklayers Union, the cine before February 15, thanks voters Feb. 26, Johnson, former state Rep. John Pipefitters Union, the Cleveland to a vaccination program that has 2020, in North Barnes Jr., former state Sen. Shir- Building & Construction Trades consistently ranked among the Charleston, S.C. ley Smith, and lesser-known can- Council and the Black Contrac- didates Tariq Shabazz and Bryan tors Group, among others. The Flannery. Based on fundrais- steelworkers have yet to endorse. ing and endorsements, Turner Fudge’s seat became offi- and Brown are considered the cially vacant when her feder- frontrunners. al appointment was confirmed In a state that went for former by the Senate on March 10 and President Donald Trump in 2020, she resigned from the House of District 11 is a Democratic strong- Representatives, paving the way hold. Demographically, it is 53% for Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine to Black with a strong working- call a special election. The pri- class voting base and a median mary will likely be in early May. household income of $42,000. Turner has faith in her district Turner’s platform includes a and believes voters want real, sys- $15 minimum wage, recurring temic change. stimulus checks and free public “They want to know that their college, which she believes her vote does really matter,” Turner working-class constituents need. says. “That when they do vote “I’m running for big mama for Democrats, that something who needs some relief,” Turn- materially is going to change in er says. “I’m running for the ba- their lives.” bies in our community, some of NUALA BISHARI is a freelance re-

DREW ANGERER/GETTY IMAGES whom don’t have the hardware, porter based in San Francisco, Calif.

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 9 three fastest in the world. As of National Health Service (NHS), 22% of the U.K. had received a mid-February, the U.K. govern- the universal healthcare system first dose compared with 11% in ment’s tiered plan had succeed- of more than 1,000 hospitals that the United States. ed in vaccinating roughly 80% of spans England, Scotland, Wales Even before it began jabbing its healthcare workers and more and Northern Ireland. the public, the NHS had built the than 90% of nursing home resi- Founded in 1948 in the wake infrastructure for a rapid vaccine dents and people older than 70. of World War II, the NHS was rollout. “Our system is pretty These groups represent 88% of the jewel of the Labour Party’s unique,” says Lister, co-founder the country’s Covid-19 deaths social welfare state, the first of of Health Campaigns Together, and make up roughly a fifth of its its kind in the West. Despite de- a broad coalition working to pro- population of just over 68 million. cades of efforts from conserva- tect the NHS from cuts and priva- This development marks a tives to privatize the NHS, its tization. “Because everybody is turning point in a pandemic re- three basic principles have en- covered by the NHS, we have this sponse once described as “a dured: that treatment is free at database [that allows us] to iden- string of failures,” which has the point of service, available to tify risk factors in a way that no left more than 100,000 peo- everyone (including non-resi- other country is able to do.” ple dead. While Prime Minis- dents) and publicly funded. The The private-sector parts ter Boris Johnson has met the NHS vaccination program has of the U.K. response, mean- U.K. government’s benchmarks, been arguably the West’s great- while, have failed to achieve re- the real triumph belongs to the est success story: By February 15, sults. Hundreds of millions of

IN CASE YOU MISSED IT ALL THE NEWS THAT WAS FIT TO PRINT— HYPED AND WHAT GOT PRINTED INSTEAD Texas Sen. “Cancun Cruz” took an early spring break while fellow Texans froze to death. The even bigger Amazon workers in Alabama are conversation needs to be about our voting on whether to unionize. imminent climate catastrophe. The decision could ripple across the right-to-work South.

The GOP has launched an The Senate parliamentarian being all-out assault on voting a woman has nothing to do with rights in Georgia after being whether the Senate will (finally) routed by Democrats.

hike the minimum wage. VITAL

TRIVIAL Pulling Dr. Seuss books with racist illustrations is progress, Biden bombed Syria without not “cancel culture.” congressional approval, reignit- ing discussion about the limits of presidential power.

MyPillow CEO Michael Lindell, being sued for defamation over election The famine in Yemen could conspiracy theories, says he ex- devour a generation, according pects to lose $65 million in revenue to the United Nations. from boycotts. Cue the tiny violin. IGNORED

10 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 pounds have been squandered on “unusable” or otherwise in- adequate personal protective equipment, and the outsourced contact-tracing failed to have its intended effect. Dr. Tony O’Sullivan, co-chair of advocacy group Keep Our NHS Public, says the decision to outsource contact tracing “led to a failure to rely on tried and tested systems that were in place with the National Health Service [based on] the cooperation between hospitals, primary care [physicians] and local [government].” While vaccination rates in the United States are increasing, Margaret Keenan, 90 at the time and the first U.K. patient to receive the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine, with President Joe Biden prom- chats with Lorraine Hill at University Hospital Coventry on Dec. 9, 2020, a day after getting the shot. ising “enough vaccine supply for every adult in America by the end other aspect of the U.K. rollout: donors doses ahead of the most of May,” the rollout looks haphaz- Primary care physicians contact vulnerable people. ard by comparison. As of early their patients directly and can Whereas the FBI, the Food March, the U.S. Centers for Dis- review their personal health re- and Drug Administration and ease Control and Prevention records, as well as help assuage any Interpol have each issued warn- ported just 27% of those 75 and concerns about the vaccine. ings about Covid-19 treatment older had received a first dose. “Everyone having longstand- and vaccine fraud schemes in For those 65–74, it was 28%. ing access to medical care means the United States, the NHS of- Dr. James Kahn, a professor that, when an emergency comes fer of free service at point of of epidemiology and biostatis- up, you can mobilize that access care has inoculated the country tics at the University of Califor- and get everyone in,” Woolhan- against this kind of profiteer- nia, San Francisco, attributes the dler says. “It’s more than just a list ing. “If anybody is offering to trouble in the U.S. rollout to the of names and phone numbers; it’s sell you the vaccine,” explains “highly variable and disorderly” actually a set of relationships.” Lister, “they’re a crook.” distribution of vaccines. A New Maryland-based pediatri- Now, as every adult in the U.K. York Times report from February cian and healthcare advocate is being promised a first shot by 19 finds some states had been Dr. Margaret Flowers ascribes the end of July (depending on stashing up to 6 million dos- the United States’ sluggish vac- supply), Lister says one thing is es, while other states struggled cine rollout to the country’s “dis- clear: “What [the NHS vaccine to obtain enough for their most jointed” healthcare system and program] really does is prove vulnerable residents. decades of underfunding for pub- the superiority of the universal Dr. Steffie Woolhandler, who lic health infrastructure. Online health care model.” works alongside Kahn at the Phy- registration portals, Flowers says, sicians for a National Health Pro- are often inaccessible to Black NATASHA HAKIMI ZAPATA is an gram—an organization of more and Brown communities who award-winning journalist and uni- than 20,000 health profession- have been disproportionately im- versity lecturer based in London. Her als advocating for single-payer pacted by Covid-19. The closure work has appeared in The Nation, Los Angeles Review of Books, ScheerPost, healthcare—believes a central- of more than 120 rural hospitals Truthdig, Los Angeles Magazine and ized health database (like the one since 2010 has made it difficult elsewhere. She has received several the NHS maintains) could have for local residents to reach vacci- Southern California Journalism and prevented these problems. Wool- nation sites. And several private National Arts & Entertainment Jour-

JONNY WEEKS/POOL/AFP VIA GETTY IMAGES handler is also quick to praise an- institutions have offered wealthy nalism awards, among other honors.

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 11 VIEWPOINT

DANNY SJURSEN support of the U.S. military. Over the past seven years, Forever War Once More U.S. troops have seen their mission in Syria change and n February 25, lief when the United States change again, from defeating the U.S. mili- elected not to punish Sau- ISIS, to preserving Kurdish tary bombed Syr- di Crown Prince Mohammed autonomy, to “containing” ia along its border bin Salman, even after a de- Iran and Russia (which have withO Iraq, where Iranian- classified intelligence report fought the Islamic State in al- backed militias were alleg- shows he was directly respon- liance with Syrian President edly stationed. The missiles sible for the murder of jour- Bashar al-Assad), to “secur- were launched across an in- nalist Jamal Khashoggi. ing” Syria’s sparse oil wells. ternational border and with- Few U.S. news outlets have Iraq’s militias have evolved out the approval of Congress. even bothered to ask what as well—from defending Iraq White House Press Secretary these pesky paramilitary against ISIS to resisting U.S. Jen Psaki framed the strike occupation. as a “defensive” response So long as U.S. troops re- to a series of rocket attacks main in place, significant against the United States segments of Iraq’s popu- earlier in February, which lation will see these para- killed one and wounded militaries (and their rocket several Americans. The attacks) as legitimate. U.S. bombing left a “hand- The U.S. intervention in ful dead,” according to one Syria looks a lot like the di- U.S. official on CNN. sastrous 2003 invasion of Tehran, meanwhile, con- Baghdad, which shattered demned the assault as “ille- the Iraqi state and ignited gal and a violation of Syria’s a brutal civil war. Neither sovereignty,” a percep- country is likely to see a full tion gap certain to complicate groups are up to. The U.S. withdrawal of U.S. troops in President Joe Biden’s plans to military first intervened in the immediate future. reverse former President Don- Syria in 2014 following the Biden, who believes his son’s ald Trump’s antagonistic Iran Islamic State’s takeover of fatal cancer was caused by ex- policies and to rejoin the Iran the country’s eastern territo- posure to toxic burn pits in nuclear agreement. ries, along with northern and Iraq, has repeatedly asked God The bombing will do lit- western areas of Iraq. Iraqi to bless our troops. Yet, keep- DANNY tle to further U.S. objectives Shiite groups intervened, too, ing U.S. soldiers in a war zone in the broader region (which and did a good amount of the with no discernible aim might SJURSEN are difficult to articulate fighting during the bloody re- be considered a sacrilege. is a retired U.S. at this point), but it heralds capture of ISIS-occupied ter- The same can be said of the Army officer, something even more dispir- ritories when the U.S.-trained rocket attacks that provoked senior fellow at the Center for iting: Nearly two decades af- Iraqi army all but collapsed. that “defensive” U.S. bomb- International ter the 2003 invasion of Iraq, These militias, following ing in Syria. Iraqi militias Policy, contrib- Washington still does not un- Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sis- pose no danger to the people uting editor at derstand the Syria-Iraq-Iran tani’s call to defend Bagh- of Baltimore or Little Rock, Antiwar.com nexus, perhaps willfully so. dad—al-Sistani is the spiritual Ark., and Baghdad does not and director of The Biden administration head of Iraq’s Shiite Mus- demand an American pres- the new Eisen- is continuing to follow the lims—formed under an um- ence. To the extent Ameri- hower Media failed U.S. blueprint for the brella organization known cans face a security threat at Network. Middle East—a reality that as the Popular Mobiliza- all, it is of our own making. was thrown into sharp re- tion Forces (PMF) with the What’s more, Saudi Arabia—

12 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 THE BIG IDEA supposedly a key regional + OK. So why has CRT suddenly be- ally—has backed Sunni insur- crit•i•cal come national news? In a September gents (including al Qaeda and 2020 memo, the Trump administration other Islamist elements in the race the•o•ry attacked CRT as “divisive, anti-American Syrian civil war) who have noun propaganda” and banned federal agencies from conducting racial sensitivity trainings. killed scores of U.S. troops An analytical framework to cri- 1. That kicked off the former administra- across the Middle East. tique institutionalized white tion’s full-frontal assault on the field of Which brings us to the supremacy. Pioneered by legal critical race theory, culminating with scholars, critical race theo- Biden administration’s de- the release—on Martin Luther King Jr. ry is continuously evolving cision not to penalize bin Day!—of a “1776 Report” that erases but remains rooted in an Salman and the Saudi roy- the United States’ history of racism. al family, in any meaning- ethical commitment to hu- ful way, after the murder of man liberation. The frame- + The Biden administration reversed a journalist working for a work emphasizes that race Trump’s ban, but conservative lawmakers are pursuing similar measures at U.S. paper. When considered is socially constructed and in- the state level. In Arkansas, a pair of bills alongside the bombing in Syr- tersects with other identities, such as gender. Proponents seek to use schol- introduced in January would cut funding for ia, Biden’s first major foreign arship to transform policy decisions bring us no social structures. The commitment to free closer to an overdue exit from “ the Middle East than Trump’s + Where did critical race speech seems to dissipate buffoonish bluster over the theory come from? when the people who are past four years. In fact, Biden Critical race theory, or CRT, emerged in the 1980s among is seemingly continuing the being gagged are folks who are a group of legal scholars, in- only thing American empire cluding Kimberlé Crenshaw demanding racial justice. has left to offer: tough-guy ” (also known for the related —KIMBERLÉ CRENSHAW, PIONEERING LEGAL SCHOLAR theater for a rapidly dwin- concept of “intersectional- dling audience—in this case, ity”), to explain how racial subordination classes and activities promoting “social jus- Tehran. could persist within a system predicated on tice” for certain groups, specifically prohibit- When Trump ordered the “equal rights.” They objected to the domi- ing curriculum using the New York Times’ extrajudicial assassination of nant academic and popular conception of “1619 Project.” The Times project, developed Iranian Maj. Gen. Qasem So- racism: that it resulted from irrational bias by reporter Nikole Hannah-Jones, re-exam- leimani in January 2020, the that could be corrected by changing the be- ines the central role of slavery in U.S. history. Iraqi parliament overwhelm- liefs and behaviors of individuals. Discrimi- (Republicans in Oklahoma and West Virginia ingly voted to expel U.S. nation endures, Crenshaw wrote, due to the have introduced similar legislation.) troops. The United States ef- “stubborn endurance of the structures of + In reality, how widespread is fectively ignored the resolu- white dominance” enmeshed in the Ameri- CRT? You may be surprised to learn tion, with Trump threatening can legal (and socioeconomic) system. our former president was exaggerating its to sanction Baghdad “like prevalence. While a new right-wing website, they’ve never seen before, CriticalRace.org, “reveals” more than 200 ever” if Iraq followed through. universities that offer courses engaging Then, as now, U.S. soldiers with CRT and urges parents to defend remain bait for attacks that their children from “indoctrination,” many Washington can cynically ex- primary schools still teach that Columbus ploit in a “war on terror” en- “discovered” America, the American Revo- tering its 18th year. lution secured “inalienable rights” for all This tired playbook, which Americans and the civil rights movement solved racial inequality. In reality, this is Biden inherited, is the one just the latest in a long history of attacks on he seems intent to follow, no any attempts to discuss racism in K-12 and matter how unsuccessful it’s higher education curriculum. been or how much chaos it has wrought. ILLUSTRATIONS BY TERRY LABAN

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 13 HELP IN THESE TIMES SECURE A FUTURE FOR GENERATIONS TO COME

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Left: In the late 1970s, In These Times staff pose for a photo on the fi re escape at our offi ces at 1300 W. Belmont Ave. A YEAR IN THE LIFE OF SAFEWAY 1048 The workers who kept us fed when their employers did not keep them safe

16 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 LABOR

ekele Abraha does not run marathons, but she wears Hoka shoes. This thick-soled choice of elite runners can cost more than $150 a pair, nearly a day’s pay for Abraha, who wears them to cushion the long hours she spends on concrete floors, six days a week. She hopes the shoes will stave off the grinding joint and back pain that afflicts many of her coworkers. three meals a day. She came to the United Abraha is a grocery worker. The shoes mark States at 17, without knowing English, and one of many unseen tolls of her job. worked three fast food jobs. Sometimes, she TWe talk in an airless, subterranean break- slept in a McDonald’s to save time. Even- room at Safeway store 1048 in Arlington, tually, Abraha scraped together $15,000, Va., a typical, prosperous suburb of Wash- enough to buy her mother a six-bedroom ington, D.C. The low-slung store sits par- house in Ethiopia, which fills her with pride. tially submerged next to an underground For the past 18 years, Abraha has worked parking garage on the main drag of the at Safeway. Six days a week, late into the Rosslyn neighborhood, full of gleaming night, she helps run the front of the store. office buildings and apart- Her diligence is matched by ment towers that look like BY HAMILTON NOLAN the toll it has taken on her office buildings. The store’s during the pandemic. In fear staff is as diverse as Embassy Row, just of bringing home coronavirus, she has not across the Potomac River: Black and white, kissed her two college-age children since Eastern European, East African. March 2020, even though they live with her. Abraha, a 42-year-old single mother of “Every time I go home, I was insecure,” two, grew up in poverty in Ethiopia with her she says. “I thought, ‘I’m gonna take some- mother and four brothers, unable to afford thing with me. I’m gonna get sick. I’m gonna lose my children.’ ” Tears well up in her Left: Tekele Abraha works the yogurt aisle at Safe- eyes when she contemplates the past year. way 1048 in a D.C. suburb March 9. She says she But she is not one to complain. has no choice but to work six days a week during “I don’t have any choice,” she says. “That’s

PHOTO BY FARRAH SKEIKY PHOTO BY FARRAH SKEIKY the pandemic. life. I have to pay the bills.”

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 17 ginia are under the direction of the [Virginia Department of Health] not to vaccinate anyone under the age of 65.”) A review of policies at some of Safe- way’s biggest direct competitors— Walmart and Costco, as well as grocery conglomerates Kroger, Publix and Ahold Delhaize (Food Lion, Giant, Stop & Shop)—shows that Safeway’s policies on hazard pay, sick leave, masks, worker safety and vaccinations are very much in line with the industry. It almost seems as if the grocery industry’s employers, customers and regulators have settled on a set of standards without bothering to ask the workers whether they think those standards are adequate. The one thing Safeway’s workers have going for them is their union. They have seniority rights, pay minimums, guar- anteed vacations, a grievance proce- dure and other basic protections their non-union counterparts lack. Safeway has been unionized since at least 1935, when it signed an agreement with the Amalgamated Meat Cutters, which lat- Heith Fenner, union rep for the workers of Safeway 1048, looks on March 5, a year into er merged with the Retail Clerks Inter- the pandemic. national to form today’s United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW). To- day, more than 6,000 Safeway workers FOR MANY PEOPLE, THE PAST YEAR HAS BEEN A SHOCK- in D.C. and the surrounding states are part of UFCW Lo- ing break from the normal rhythms of their personal and cal 400. Since Virginia is a so-called right-to-work state, no professional lives. And then there are grocery workers. worker is required to pay union dues; about three-quarters of The lives of grocery workers have continued as usual, but the 65 employees at Safeway 1048 are dues-paying members. with an added dose of deadly risk. They never really signed Their longtime union rep is Heith Fenner, a solicitous, up for it. Though less celebrated than nurses or paramedics, ruddy-faced man who roams the store greeting everyone grocery workers are quintessential frontline workers—the by name and checking in on new issues weekly. A former ones who have kept showing up so the rest of us can survive. grocery worker who has served as a union rep at seven dif- Like their counterparts across the country, the employ- ferent grocery chains, Fenner is a virtual encyclopedia of ees of Safeway 1048 have kept on working through a dan- the industry’s problems. gerous year. Their employer has given them mask policies, “Safeway runs a skeleton crew,” he says. “They run almost more cleaning in stores and a fleeting dose of hazard pay, short-handed, particularly in key positions. When you get a but their lived experience has shown them the safety net small [Covid-19] outbreak in the store, that leaves you short- has holes big enough to fall through. The experience has handed. Even worse, it becomes a catastrophe for trying to left many of them bitter. run the store when you have four or five people out.” Safeway is neither an outlier on safety issues nor a unique- It is not hard to imagine how this corporate dedication to ly bad employer. It has given out personal protective equip- reducing costs could create a strong disincentive for Safe- ment and established a contact-tracing program with up to way to pay close attention to safety measures, because safe- two weeks of quarantine pay. The company also says it in- ty measures can be expensive. Paid sick leave while workers tends to offer the vaccine to every worker as soon as their quarantine will inevitably raise labor costs. Employees say, city or county makes it available to grocery workers. The over the past year, their store’s management has shown lit- workers at Safeway 1048, despite being eligible per state tle institutional concern for worker health and safety, con- guidelines, had not been offered the vaccine by early March. sistently prioritizing profits and corporate reputation over (The company said that “our pharmacies in northern Vir- the lives of workers.

18 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 LABOR

ANTHONY SISTRUNK, A FAST-TALKING, 39-YEAR-OLD D.C. “When we learn that an associate has a confirmed case of native who has worked for Safeway since he was 17, had a Covid-19, our crisis response team conducts a close contacts rough 2020. investigation and may recommend that additional members “The year started off fucked up,” Sistrunk remembers. In of the store team self-quarantine.” The company offers up January 2020, just as he was coming off a cancer scare, he to 80 hours of “quarantine pay” for those who meet its stan- had to have his appendix removed. He returned to work af- dards. Whelan says the store is “appropriately staffed.” ter recovering, but one day soon after he felt so dizzy he went Safeway uses the definition of “close contact” provided home after only a couple of hours. He slept all day, woke up by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which at night feeling bad and passed out on his floor. After a trip is 15 minutes or more within 6 feet of an infected person to the emergency room, Sistrunk got the bad news: He was per day. It’s an extremely high bar in a store where ev- the first employee of Safeway 1048 to test positive for Covid. eryone is moving around. Consequently, employees and Dehydrated, coughing and his head throbbing, Sistrunk the union say management at Safeway 1048 rarely tells a went on Facebook and made a quick post so his friends and worker to quarantine. coworkers would know he tested positive. He was primarily I got a firsthand view of this dynamic in action. When concerned about the health of his coworkers—masks were I went to the store to talk with workers, nearly everyone not yet mandatory, even for employees. was discussing that an employee from the cut-fruit section “And then,” Sistrunk says, “all hell broke loose.” had tested positive. I saw where the fruit-cutting happens: Shortly after his social media post, he says, he received a a windowless corner of steel tables in back by the break- call from the Safeway human resources department, asking room, where several people work at once. If I worked in pointedly if he was “badmouthing” the company. such close quarters with a Covid-positive person, I would “I was offended,” Sistrunk says. “I felt like Safeway was certainly be worried. trying to stop any kind of bad media. They didn’t want any Fenner says, after management was alerted to the situ- kind of uproar.” ation by the union, they “cleaned and sanitized” the store Sistrunk was so sick he didn’t return to work for seven but did not order any quarantines or alert employees to the weeks. He lost his sense of taste and smell and had trouble positive test. Whelan disputes this, saying that one em- breathing. “The worst thing was the fatigue,” he says. “I felt ployee was quarantined due to “close contact.” Whelan like someone snatched my soul.” also says the company informs the staff when an employ- Fenner called him every other day to check in. Sistrunk ee tests positive, but workers say they usually hear through did receive paid sick leave—two-thirds of his average word of mouth or from the union. wage—as a benefit of his union health insurance plan. “God forbid if you’re not a union member,” Sistrunk says with the Anthony Sistrunk talks with Heith Fenner on March 5. When Sistrunk was out with Covid-19 tone of someone looking back on a nar- for seven weeks, Safeway HR was concerned—that he might be badmouthing the company. rowly avoided disaster. “You’re screwed.” When Sistrunk began with the company 22 years ago, he says it felt like an exclusive and highly valued job. He had to write an essay with his application about why he wanted to work there. There were employee outings: summer cookouts, bowl- ing parties, crab feasts. But all of that faded away as the years went by and, it seemed to Sistrunk, management focused more and more intensely on profits. He sounds wist- ful when he reflects on his years there. “It’s not that family bond anymore,” he says. Safeway is one of 20 grocery chains owned by Albertsons Companies, whose biggest investor is the private equity firm Cerberus Capital Management, named for the three-headed dog of Greek mythol- ogy that guards the gates of hell to make sure no one gets out. According to Andrew

PHOTOS BY FARRAH SKEIKY Whelan, an spokesperson for Albertsons,

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 19 LABOR

Then there is the matter of customers who shop without masks. Every employee I spoke with cited this persistent minority of customers as a threat to their health, particularly because workers are not em- powered to do anything about the situation except to offer a mask to customers. “I’ve been called ‘bitch’ so many times” for asking customers to wear a mask, Abraha says. “I wish the company took it seriously.” The Safeway store does not have a security guard, meaning regular workers and supervisors become de facto security guards and mask-checkers. Calling the police doesn’t feel like an option. “By the time you call the cops,” Sistrunk says, the maskless shoppers “are out of here.” Whelan acknowledges that while the store has signs telling customers to wear masks, “If a customer refuses to wear a mask and to leave the store, we permit the customer to continue shopping in order to avoid conflicts that would put the store director or other employees and customers at risk.” Stuart Allison, 79, has cut meat for Safeway for over 50 years. He grew frustrated with Jason Winbush, a bearded, 44-year-old customers shopping at the store without a mask during the pandemic. food clerk who has been at Safeway for 28 years, has a wife and five children at home. The combination of Covid in summer 2020, he has never allowed the events of management’s failure to alert employees directly about of the past year to throw him into a panic. “Things come up positive tests or to find a way to make customers wear masks like that; they don’t disturb me,” he says. “Whatever it is, I has convinced him the company does “not at all” take the just take it. I guess I’m more a positive thinker than a nega- safety of its workers seriously. Winbush has even used some tive thinker. This is not my first time being around a virus.” of his vacation days to get time away from the store because But even Allison, a pinnacle of equanimity who has lit- the mask situation worried him so much. tle fear for his own health, finds his hackles raised by what “It’s starting to get [to be] too much,” Winbush says. “It’s he sees as management’s lax attitude toward customers stressful. Very stressful. It’s written on the wall: Money is shopping without masks in the midst of a pandemic. “They more important than your employees. And that’s not right, were saying, ‘You gotta wait on people that don’t have cause you don’t know if we have preexisting conditions, if my masks on,’ ” Allison says. “I think management is going kids have preexisting conditions.” along with what their superiors are telling them. But that doesn’t work, to me. … I told all the checkers, ‘If they come in without a mask, don’t wait on ‘em.’ ” STUART ALLISON, A MAN WITH A PLEASANT SOUTHERN The stress over worker health reached a high mark in the drawl and the enormous hands of a heavyweight boxer, days surrounding the January 6 Trump rally and storm- has been cutting meat at Safeway 1048 for 25 years. That ing of the U.S. Capitol. Many of former President Donald is less than half of the time he has been working for Safe- Trump’s supporters who had come to Washington for the way, where he began as a meat cutter in 1968. (After more event stayed in the hotels that dot the blocks around the than a half-century with the company, Allison makes $24 Safeway in Rosslyn. Many of them came into the store with an hour.) He is 79, works six 8-hour shifts a week, exercis- an aggressive disregard for safety. es regularly and appears perfectly capable of wrestling a “We had a really rough time that week,” says Michele Mil- man half his age. er, a 61-year-old file maintenance manager who has served Allison remembers seeing people die during a flu epidemic as Safeway 1048’s union shop steward for the past 25 years. in the 1940s, and those experiences have left him a remark- “They were coming in without no mask.” ably calm person. Even though Allison contracted a mild case In fact, the employees I spoke with remember the week of

20 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 LABOR

January 6 as one in which they were left to fend for themselves. As our nation’s political insan- ity invaded their workplace, some workers say I think management is they refused to serve maskless Trump supporters; one says she just argued with the maskless going along with what their and endured insults; most said they were con- stantly uncomfortable and disappointed that superiors are telling them. Safeway did nothing to save them. Sistrunk says that when he asked a manager to intervene, the response was that the compa- “ But that doesn’t work, to me. ny didn’t want bad press in an age when everyone has a cell phone. … I told all the checkers, ‘If Abraha says some of the Trump supporters ignored her request to wear a mask; one even handed her his used mask and demanded she they come in without a mask, throw it away for him. “If I call the police, I don’t know what’s gonna happen, because of poli- don’t wait on ‘em.’ ” tics,” Abraha says. “What about if I lose my job? —Stuart Allison ... It’s crazy.”

heroes while denying them payment for their heroic work THE PANDEMIC HAS BEEN GOOD FOR BUSINESS AT GRO- is a textbook example of corporate greed and the primacy cery stores. Everyone remembers the empty shelves in that shareholders have over labor. spring 2020 as people stocked up, just in case. Albertsons And that so few grocery workers emerged from 2020 saw its sales rise a remarkable 47% in March of 2020; by with long-term raises is a textbook example of union work- December, year-over-year sales were still running 12% ers squandering their labor leverage. The moment cer- higher. All of these sales were enabled by the fact that tainly marks a national failure by the UFCW, the nation’s thousands of grocery workers, just like those at Safeway biggest food and retail union, which has been unable to se- 1048, continued to come to work, putting their own health cure any real lasting gains for its members, even as public at risk to ensure stores could sell food. regard for grocery workers soared. What did those workers get in return? At Safeway, they got Every Safeway employee I spoke with thought that, at a a $2 “hazard pay” wage bonus from March 15 to June 13, 2020, minimum, the $2 hazard pay increase should have become with two one-time bonuses adding up to about $350 for full- permanent. They wish everyone would wear a mask. They time employees (less for part-timers, the vast majority of the wish they did not have to rely on word of mouth to learn workers). In other words, hazard pay ended when the coun- someone from work has Covid. try was seeing around 22,000 new daily cases of the corona- They live in fear of getting their families sick. They rise at virus. Even when cases rose to 300,000 per day by January 4 a.m., work six days a week and casually discuss the many 2021—a 1,264% increase in risk—hazard pay never came back. ways the job has destroyed their bodies. Whelan, the Albertsons spokesperson, justified this They do this whole routine for decades for, if they are lucky, discrepancy by saying, “We are not currently offering ap- a $20 wage. preciation pay at this time because businesses large and If they had stopped—if they had shut down the nation’s small across our operating areas have reopened and re- groceries—there would have been panic. But they worked. sumed operations.” We ate. This argument is a bit of sleight of hand—right down to the From the perspective of the workers themselves, 2020 was use of the phrase “appreciation pay” rather than hazard pay. a year of swallowing harsh insult after harsh insult. When I First, state governments ignored public health risks and re- asked Marilyn Williams, who has worked at Safeway 1048 duced business restrictions (which fueled Covid surges and for the past eight years, what she thought of the quick disap- increased the number of hazards for workers). Then, com- pearance of hazard pay, she paused for a long moment, then panies used those policies as an excuse not to take more ac- said, “Ha. Ha. tion or offer workers more compensation. Poof: Thanks to “That’s my reaction. poor public health policies, businesses made their own obli- “Ha. Ha.” gations disappear.

PHOTO COURTESY OF STUART ALLISON The flagrant hypocrisy of praising frontline workers as HAMILTON NOLAN is In These Times’ labor reporter.

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 21 INVESTIGATION

Trump Created a Shadow System To Expel Migrants. Biden Embraced It. On Trumped-up “public health” grounds, migrants are whisked away in the night

man calls the Phoenix Ariz. According to advocates (who spoke with one Police Department on Janu- migrant’s family members), the migrants were ary 29—his uncle has been kid- never asked if they were asylum seekers, and they napped. Smugglers are holding were never asked to participate in a criminal inves- his uncle at a drop house. tigation into human trafficking, which could have They had helped his uncle, a earned them temporary immigration visas. newly arrived undocument- Instead, advocates say, the migrants were held ed immigrant, cross the and expelled under an obscure provision in U.S. border. Now, they want Code Title 42, the part of the law that covers pub- more money. lic health and welfare. President Donald Trump After the po- weaponized Title 42 during the Covid-19 pan- lice arrive, agents demic as a way to expel border-crossers more from Immigration quickly and with less fuss, a practice that contin- and Customs En- ues under President Joe Biden. BY TINA VÁSQUEZ forcement show up. They apprehend Title 42 Explained the uncle and dozens of migrants from Mexico, The Trump administration invoked Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, including Title 42 early in the Covid-19 pandemic, under the three children. pretense of protecting public health, to authorize So far, the events that unfolded are disturbing but Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to expel mi- standard practice. In Phoenix, local police and fed- grants without documentation near the border or eral immigration authorities have long cooperated. at ports of entry. Migrants subjected to Title 42 are But what happened next was part of something whisked away, leaving almost no trace in the U.S. new. immigration system. To find out where these migrants were taken, That mechanism—expulsion—is different from grassroots migrant justice organization Puente deportation. Human Rights Movement tapped its network of In deportation, migrants are first admitted into activists and legal advocates. Some were detained the United States. They receive an Alien Regis- at the Florence Correctional Center in Florence, tration Number, or A-Number. And, unless they Ariz. Others, at the Eloy Detention Center in Eloy, qualify for “expedited removal,” they get to ap-

22 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 pear before a judge. Even in expedited removal cases, ing of Miller, the Trump administration effectively closed asylum seekers who pass a “credible fear interview” get the border using Title 42. Remain in Mexico hearings were a hearing. No matter how broken and punitive the pro- indefinitely postponed and newly arrived migrants—in- cess is, there is, at least, a process. Expulsion results in cluding asylum seekers—were expelled. the same ejection of migrants from the United States, but Of course, for the anti-immigrant Trump administra- without any of this process. tion, public health concerns were a mere fig leaf. According Title 42 has sealed the border in a way that anti-immi- to the Associated Press, experts at the Centers for Disease grant zealot Stephen Miller, a top Trump aide and the poli- Control and Prevention balked at the Title 42 order, saying cy’s biggest proponent, could have only dreamt of. there was no evidence it would slow the virus. Public health At the start of the pandemic, Title 42’s forerunner, the experts stated that there was no scientific justification for 2019 Remain in Mexico policy, had already pushed ap- the policy. Masks, social distancing and screening mea- proximately 60,000 asylum seekers to Mexico—people sures at the border could make migration safe. who previously would have been allowed to wait in the Crucially, experts noted, the government would also United States for their cases to be adjudicated. At the urg- need to stop holding newly arrived migrants in group detention centers and instead allow them to shelter with ILLUSTRATION BY GABRIELLA TRUJILLO their families or community contacts in the United States.

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 23 INVESTIGATION

These alternatives to detention programs have existed dren impeded the Trump administration’s ability to deport for years, enabling asylum seekers to reside in the United newly arrived children as easily as it wanted. So, instead, States as their cases are adjudicated. under Title 42, children as young as one year old were put Beginning in February, the Biden administration began into black sites under the supervision of unlicensed trans- its slow reversal of Remain in Mexico (frustrating those portation workers employed by a private company, contract- who wanted it immediately rescinded) by processing a cou- ed by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). ple dozen asylum seekers a day in some ports of entry, in- The Texas Civil Rights Project (TCRP) spoke with some cluding San Diego and El Paso. of these children. According to TCRP senior attorney Kar- Title 42 expulsions continue on a daily basis. la Marisol Vargas, the organization learned that there were On February 10, White House Press Secretary Jen children held in hotel rooms, watched over by guards, for Psaki had a message for migrants seeking life-saving asy- days. Phone calls were generally forbidden. This meant chil- lum: “Now is not the time to come.” Psaki cited Biden’s lim- dren could be driven to the airport for expulsion flights in ited time in office as the reason “a humane, comprehensive the middle of the night, with many of their families not even process for processing individuals” at the border does not knowing they had been in federal custody. yet exist. In the meantime, Psaki said, a “vast majority of Beyond violating asylum laws, the Trump administra- people will be turned away.” tion’s use of Title 42 also created a shadow system that made tracking these migrants impossible. Trump’s Kids There was no record of these children in the regular im- Outrage over the Trump administration’s migration system, no A-Number, no information about Title 42 expulsions exploded in summer 2020 after federal where they were detained. It was as if they didn’t exist, ac- immigration authorities secretly contracted with a private cording to Vargas, who has advocated for children subject security firm to detain children and families at hotels. Un- to Title 42. Attorneys eventually learned these children in- accompanied children were of particular concern. stead received Title 42 identification numbers, which were Otherwise known in the immigration system as “unac- entered into a shadow tracking system. companied alien child[ren],” these minors migrate alone An ongoing class action lawsuit from the American Civ- to the United States without authorization. In theory, mi- il Liberties Union on behalf of unaccompanied asylum- nors have significantly more protections than adults, be- seeking children prompted a judge in November 2020 to cause of laws such as the Trafficking Victims Protection block the federal government’s ability to continue using Reauthorization Act and the Flores settlement agreement Title 42 to detain children in black sites. Another court (which outlines basic standards of care for immigrant chil- reversed the ban on January 29, but there have been no dren in federal custody). Before being sent back across the reports to date of children being held in hotels under the border, Mexican and Canadian children must be screened Biden administration. to determine if they are traf- The use of Title 42 to expel adults who cross the border ficking victims, eligible for without documentation, however, continues. asylum, or can’t make decisions for themselves. Biden’s Migrants Unaccompanied chil- Presently, under Title 42, adult migrants dren from other coun- found at the border without documentation (who are not tries are transferred to “amenable to immediate expulsion to Mexico or Canada,” the custody of the Of- per a CBP memo) are detained, then expelled to their home fice of Refugee Reset- country. Border Patrol’s “portable command stations” pro- tlement, where they cess migrants in the field, allowing “expeditious” expul- are detained in shelters sion—meaning they are transferred to ICE custody, where, or placed with a spon- in the name of public health, they are detained in crowded sor (typically a family facilities where Covid-19 is known to spread. ICE then ex- member) until a judge pels these immigrants (and the virus, if they have contract- hears their case. ed it) all over the world. This process for un- In total, between March 2020 and January 2021, Title 42 accompanied chil- was used more than 450,000 times at the U.S.-Mexico border. Many of these people would otherwise have undergone the asylum process. In the first 11 days of February, the Biden administration commissioned planes to fly about 900 Haitians seeking asylum back to Port-au-Prince under Title 42, according to an analysis by Jake Johnston of the Center for

24 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 Economic and Policy Research. On February 23, more than 60 members of Congress signed a letter to Homeland Securi- Title 42 has sealed ty Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas calling for an end to Title 42 expulsions, focusing specifical- the border in a way ly on expulsions to Haiti. “Many migrants are at high risk of exposure to Covid-19 while being detained in the United that anti-immigrant States pending their expulsion or deportation to less-resourced countries with severely strained zealot Stephen Miller, health systems,” the letter says. “Haiti, for example, has only 124 [intensive care] beds and the ca- pacity to ventilate 62 patients for a country of 11 a top Trump aide and million. The island nation also is mired in severe economic, security, and constitutional crises, yet the policy’s biggest has received more than 900 migrants since Feb- ruary 1. This includes a recent February 8 flight in proponent, could have which 72 people were deported to Port-au-Prince, including a two-month-old baby and 21 other children.” (Although the letter used the term "deport- only dreamt of. ed," this was actually an expulsion.)

Red Flags No records of these migrants exist by A-Number in the The use of Title 42 in Arizona is unprece- U.S. immigration system, Solis says. They were disappeared. dented. The speed of the expulsions meant Puente was unable Phoenix is a major metropolitan area that is a 150-mile to establish contact with the migrants. Advocates never drive from the nearest U.S. border, far from where enforce- learned if they were trafficked or asylum seekers. ment of Title 42 would be expected, given that the policy “The city of Phoenix has its own protocol for when peo- is directed at people in the act of crossing over. But in Sep- ple are victims of trafficking [and] essentially this was traf- tember 2020 and January 2021, under Title 42—in different ficking,” Solis says. “All of these people should have been operations and during different presidential administra- provided U-Visas [for victims of crime]. Instead, they were tions—advocates report at least 125 newly arrived migrants [expelled] without due process. were apprehended and processed. “I think that’s one of the biggest, most important things The morning of Sept. 16, 2020, Sandra Solis, director of to note: They’re utilizing Title 42 to deny people who are organizing and movement building for Puente, received a victims of trafficking.” text message from a colleague about a multi-agency raid Local news outlets reported on the raids and cited nar- unfolding in Phoenix. Solis is accustomed to providing cotics search warrants, potential criminal activity and the support when immigrant communities are targeted, but apprehension of several dozen people “suspected of enter- when she arrived at a home on residential 27th Avenue, ing the country illegally,” but only one referenced Title 42. something seemed off. The use of Title 42 was confirmed, however, by Javi- According to Solis, the chaotic scene included about 30 er Gurrola, CBP executive officer of law enforcement op- officials with the Department of Homeland Security (in- erations, in an email to Losmin Jiménez, who worked in cluding CBP), the Phoenix Police Department and the partnership with Puente as a former senior attorney at the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Undercover of- Advancement Project, a racial justice nonprofit in Washing- ficers mixed with armed officers in paramilitary gear as un- ton, D.C. First, he confirmed Border Patrol participated in marked SUVs and trucks—and a tank—stood in front of the a “multi-agency operation” Sept. 16, 2020, in two Phoenix- house. Migrants apprehended in the raid were herded into area locations, and took custody of 65 people, including un- vans parked in an alley. accompanied minors, suspected of being undocumented. Solis says she became suspicious because CBP and DEA Then, the email reads: “The majority of these detainees officials were on the scene—two agencies that almost nev- have been processed as per [Centers for Disease Control er participate in Phoenix-area immigration raids. Later and Prevention] guidelines (T42) to prevent the introduc- that day, in nearby Chandler, a similar raid was staged. tion of Covid-19 into the United States.” Grassroots organizers and legal advocates were able to de- Solis says the multi-agency September raids remind her termine the migrants apprehended were expelled from the of how Arizona has piloted a partnership between local law United States within hours. enforcement and federal immigration authorities before,

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 25 INVESTIGATION with a 2010 law known as SB 1070 that attracted attention authorities could criminally prosecute migrants for “ille- and outrage nationwide for explicitly allowing racial pro- gal entry”—where, previously, Mexican migrants would filing. The law, at the time, was the strictest anti-immi- be returned to Mexico and non-Mexican migrants would grant measure in the United States. Portions of the law were have to appear before an immigration judge. struck down by the Supreme Court, but the “papers please” In effect, Operation Streamline pioneered the “crim- provision that critics say allows racial profiling was not— migration” system the U.S. now has, in which undocu- meaning that police officers in Arizona are still required to mented migrants are prosecuted through the criminal make a reasonable attempt to determine the immigration justice system, rather than processed through the civil status of anyone lawfully stopped if the officer has “reason- immigration system. able suspicion” they are undocumented. Advocates with Puente fear it’s only a matter of time be- Copycat bills were introduced in other states, although fore immigration authorities use Title 42 to expel migrants most failed to make it into law. in cities beyond Phoenix—if it’s not happening already. SB 1070 solidified a police-ICE partnership in Arizona, After the September 2020 raids, Jiménez thought the use creating what advocates call a poli-migra state, a slang term of Title 42 so far from the border could have been a “one-off used in some Spanish-speaking immigrant communities to thing.” Then, it happened again. refer to the coordination of local police with federal immi- On January 29, someone called Puente’s crisis line to re- gration authorities. port a number of unmarked vehicles in front of a house on 14th Avenue. There are few media reports about the Jan- Expelling Victims uary 29 raid, but a statement to Prism and In These Times Even before Arizona’s SB 1070 law, the state from Mercedes Fortune, Phoenix Police Department public had a history of piloting deeply harmful immigration information sergeant, confirms police responded to a caller policies and practices. For example, in 2006, Arizona reporting “a person who was being held against their will.” became one of the first places to implement Operation Officers found more than 50 people inside the residence Streamline, under the radar. This joint Homeland Se- and “determined the persons were involved in human smug- curity and Justice Department initiative created “ze- gling,” according to the February 19 statement. “The United ro-tolerance immigration enforcement zones” in which States Immigration and Customs Enforcement were advised

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26 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 and they have taken over the investigation.” In instances of suspected human trafficking, the Phoenix Police Department is supposed to Children could be perform its own investigation. According to the department’s Operations Order 4.48, the “papers, driven to the airport please” provision of SB 1070 does not apply if it may hinder an investigation by undermining cooperation. The order notes, in particular, the need for expulsion flights for “significant cooperation of those involved” in human trafficking cases. in the middle of the Instead, in the January 29 raid, the Phoenix Po- lice Department appears to have simply handed night, with many of the case to ICE. The police department did not re- spond to a query about whether it was conducting its own investigation. ICE, in an emailed statement their families not to Prism and In These Times, says it took 60 people to the ICE office for processing. From there, ac- even knowing they cording to advocates, the migrants wound up at the Florence and Eloy Detention Centers. (The Eloy Detention Center, in June and July of 2020, had one had been in federal of the largest coronavirus outbreaks of any immigration detention facility in the country, and both custody. centers had confirmed cases as of January.) Solis and her colleagues at Puente maintain ICE processed the migrants under Title 42, based on in- It is relevant to note that, while many associate CBP formation from someone who was picked up in the raid directly with the U.S. border, its reach is actually much and held at Eloy. (The names of undocumented migrants larger. It has authority within 100 air miles of any land and their family members have been withheld for their border or coastline, a territory that encompasses Phoe- protection.) Puente says it confirmed with a legal-aid at- nix, New York and many other major cities. According to torney that the person was detained at Eloy and that they the American Civil Liberties Union, nearly two-thirds of do not appear to have an A-Number. Since this person’s the U.S. population resides within CBP’s jurisdiction—in release, members of Puente say another aid group has other words, the territory where Title 42 grants CBP li- confirmed similar Title 42 findings. cense to quickly expel newly arrived migrants under the A great deal of murkiness still surrounds the use of Title guise of public health. 42, including whether ICE even has authority to use it. The That the Biden administration has so far chosen to con- Trump administration’s original memo outlining the use tinue Title 42 expulsions may surprise some, but not So- of Title 42 was directed at CBP and “specifically the Unit- lis. The community organizer anticipated Biden taking an ed States Border Patrol,” separate from ICE. In the first Ar- “Obama-style” approach, a nod to the raids and mass de- izona raid in September 2020, CBP was at the scene; at the portations that occurred during President Barack Obama’s January raid, advocates saw only ICE and the Phoenix Po- years, when Biden was vice president. lice Department. “The people affected the most are those whose lives are When asked directly whether ICE has authorization to affected by the immigration system, and this administra- process newly arrived undocumented migrants under Ti- tion’s not really doing anything super proactive,” Solis says. tle 42 without coordination from CBP, ICE spokesperson “Title 42 is serving its purpose. It’s doing what [Homeland Alexx Pons would only say Title 42 is within the purview of Security] intended it to do, which is create a rogue system. CBP and “expulsions under Title 42 are not based on immi- “Regardless of the presidency, when it comes to immigra- gration status and are tracked separately from immigration tion, there’s always a rogue system.” enforcement actions.” ICE referred further questions to CBP. CBP did not re- This article was reported in partnership with Prism, a non- spond to repeated requests for comment. profit news outlet that centers people, places and issues under- reported by national media. Paco Alvarez and Brianna Bilter A Rogue System provided fact-checking. The raids that unfolded around Phoenix are perhaps the first (documented) cases of Title 42 used to TINA VÁSQUEZ is a senior reporter at Prism, covering gen- expel migrants far from the borders. der, labor and immigration. She is based in North Carolina.

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 27 THANK YOU TO OUR 2020 DONORS

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Anonymous (40) Louise Antony Rick Barstow Michael Blue Dana Camp-Farber Tom Coffin Mary Cygan Robert Aaronson John Appiah-Duffell Charles Barthelme Richard Blum Edward Campbell Carolyn Coglianese Simon Cygielski Peter Abbott Kimberly Archer John Bartlett Mark Blyth Ethan Campbell Larry Cohen Cynara Stites^ Robin Acconi Alex Armour Larry Bassett Stefan Boedeker Mary Campbell Steven Cohen Dick Czeikowtz Lewis Achen Casandra Armour Alan Batten Scott Boehm Matthew Canchola Nick Colavito James Daley Gordon Achtermann David Arms Anne Baynes Elizabeth Boerger Kevin Canida Lois Colbridge Catherine Daly Camille Adams Powell Arms Paul Beach, Jr. Elena Rae Bohannan Herbert J. Caponi Cheri Collins Jacqueline Daniels Lane and Garrett Adams Bruce Arnold Allison Beck Barbara Boldenow Linda Cardwell Jeffrey Collins Carolyn Danielson Marilou and R. Arrieta Roger Beck Marius Christian Jim Carlstedt Queenie Collins and Tim Daulton Ronald Adams Lucy and Henry Atkins Alex Becker Bomholt Catherine Carpenter Theodore Gandy Carl Davidson Tim Adams Janet Atwill and Peter Beckman Barbara Bondurant Amy Carr Rita Collins Pamela Davidson Daniel Adkins Donald Lazere Brian Beckwith Albert Bork Roger Carr Brian T. Colon Derek Davis Penny Adrian Bob Atwood Jason Beecher Andrew Boyd Ed Carroll Edward J. Coltman Helen Davis Hussein Afifi William Aungst Dorie Behrstock John Boyet Scott Carson T. Mark Commons Karen Davis Jerry Alberson David Aycock William Beil Jonathan Boyne Richard A. Carvel Brian Conlan Mary Buckley Davis Masha Albrecht Richard Bagg Deborah Belle Craig Bradshaw Eloise and Michael Cary Maianne Connally Susan Davis Janell Alewyn Luigi Bai Gregg Bellon Geoffrey Bradshaw Jenya Cassidy Carl Connell Bonnie Dawson Diane Alexander Larry Bailey Peter Benner Elliot Brame Juliet Cassone John P. Connolly David Dayen Suzanne Ali Jonathan Baird Rodney A. Bennett Donna Brasley Elizabeth Cate Robert Cooper Iris and Michael Dayoub Patty Allen Alex Baker Deborah Benrubi John Braxton Peter Ceglarek Yvonne Coren Michelle de Sam Lawrence Allred Bernard Baker Martin Berg Patricia Bray Philip Chabot Corinne Corley David De Santis Mark S. Alper David Baker Patricia Berg Kristy Brehm Susan Chacin Ellen Corley Kathleen Dear Wayne Alt Lee Baker Greg Berger Johanna Brenner Larry Chait Gayle Cormier Kenneth R. Deed Michael Altimore Anita Baldwin Torie Berger David Brewer Kathryn Chambers Rachel Cornish Dian Deevey Leonardo Alvarez Louise Balog Eileen Berkley Clark Brinkerhoff Al Champagne Cornelius Cosgrove Daniel Del Caro James Amin Buck Banks Lisa Berlincourt Kim Broadie Deborah Chan James Costanza Darcy Demarco David Amor Lex Barker Sheila Bernard Stefi Brock-Wilson Richard Chapman John Cotter Kirk Demartini Beth Amoriya Barbara Barnard Jeffrey Bernstein Lester Bromley Elisabeth Charas Mary Jo Countess Ann Demuth Gary Andersen John Barnes Mary Frances Best Chris Brooks Mildred Chazin Charles Courant Nick Denlinger Robert Anderson Judith Barnett Sarah Beuhler Elizabeth Brooks Alexander Chee Carole Courtney Joshua Denner William Anderson Michael Barr Richard Bevan Carroll Brown Hal Childs Dawn Cova Ollie Denney Jaclyn Andrews Jose Barrios Len Beyea Martin Brown Gail Christensen Carolyn Covington Don Denny Donald Angell Judith A. Barry Saqib Bhatti Mike Brown Richard Christopher Kenneth Cowan Thomas Depietro Markel Bilbao-Mate Ronald Brunker Mindy Clark Lezlie Cox Brian DeSmet Teresa Bill Jeff Bryant Shannan Wayne Clark Theodore Coxe Adam Diamond Donna Bird Mike Budd Suzanne Clark Jerliyah Craig Frank DiCristofano Tracy Lee Bird Larry Bumgardner Julia Clark-Riddell Pauline Crespin Dennis DiDonato Brad Bjorlo Janet Burns Michael Cleary Daniel Cretaro Keith Dilday % Richard Black Gladys and John Busch Janet Clemenson Kirsten Crippen Mark Dilley 31 Leslie Black-Tawfik Adrienne Butterfield Alex Clermont Carol Crisp Eldon Dillingham Kevin Blackwood Philip Byrnes, Jr. Cathy Cliffe Michael Cross Ruthenia Dillon of the total donation revenue John Blasingame Gary Caldwell Madeleine Clyde Bruce Cruikshank Max Dishler for 2020 came from the Daniel Blatter Nancy Callaway Stephen Coates Lynn E. Cruze Charles Dittrich Publishing Consortium. Alistair Bleifuss Roger Callaway Abigail Cobb and Natalia Cuadra-Saez Carolyn Dixon Sharon Bloyd-Peshkin Elaine Calos George Bieri Michael Curry James Dobson

30 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 Wendie Dockstader Mary Erdei Kathleen Frey Zach Gonzalez-Landis From its origins, In These Times Corey Dolgon Carole Erickson Lucille Friscia Hugh B. Gordon Bernardine Dorhn William Escalante Carolanne Fry Adrienne Gorman has been a welcome source and William Ayers Sally Eskew Paul Funch Philip Gough William Dorsey Analuisa Espinoza Candace Gabriel Gloria Graham of information and ideas, regularly Kevin Dougherty Peter Evans, Jr. Christian Gagnier John Graham Shannon Dowdy Caleb Evenson Eric Gallion Ryan Grant supplementing and correcting Geoff Downie Ted Everson David Gangsei Ali Gray David Drasin Patricia Evleth Fernando Gapasin Willene (Billie) Gray the output of the major media, Susan Dreeben Tracey Farmer Robert Garavel Howard Green Melvyn Dubofsky John Fattorusso David Gardiner Philip Green and providing what they ignore or Karen Duda Lynn Feekin James Garman Earl Greene “ Edward Duhaime Arnold Feldman Brian Garrison Gerald Greene suppress. It has performed a unique Jerry Duncanson Charles Ferguson Teresa Gavaletz Thomas Greene and very valuable service, never Georg Friedrich Dunkel Gene Ferrell Robert Gehret Jennifer Greenidge John Dunleavy Joseph Ferrie Virgina Geib Nina Gregg and needed more than it is today. Jordan Dunn Lavelle Ferris Jason Geils Doug Gamble ” Dan Duranso Elisabeth Fiekowsky Mary Geissman Jeffrey Grimes —NOAM CHOMSKY, Christine Dussault Keith Finlayson Bonnie Gerald Julie Grisalez IN THESE TIMES FOUNDING “SPONSOR” Glenn Eberly Shawn Finlinson Steve Gerber Brian Gross Mike Edgar Thomas Finnegan Eric Gerken Eric Grover Suzy Hall-Whitney Sylvia Hart Wright David Hetrick Taner Edis Matthew Finnell Gerasimos Gianutsos Tim Groves Thomas Halstead Susan Harvey Maria Heymans Frederick Edmunds Charles Firke Vivian Gilbert Randy Gudvangen Brianna Halverson Matt Hauske Barbara and Gary Alan Edwards Vicky Firkins Melvin Gilchrist Ingrid Rachel Gugler Pam Hamilton Lois Hawk Todd Hickernell Ben Effinger Christopher Fisher Ricky Harlan Giles Jeffrey Guillot Charles Hammerslough Robert Coit Hawley L.D. Hieber, Jr. Betty and Justin Fitch Robert Gill John Gunlogson Ryan Hammond Julius Hayden James Higgins Barrie Eichhorn Richard Flacks Richard Gillette Rebecca L. Gunn Ivan Handler Annika Hayes Mary Hill Robert Eldridge Cornelia Flora Linda Gillison Laura Ellen Gurney Gregory Hankins Nicholas Hefling Robyn Hilles Sharon Elise Fabiola Flores Gordon Ginsberg Brooke Habecker Irene F. Hansen John Helfer Art Himmelfarb Dawn Ellis Stephanie Fong Galen Gisler John Haer David Hardwick Janet Hellweg John Himmelfarb Meredith Ellis Dianne Foster Jessica Gitlis Jack Hafeli Margaret and John Hemington Robert Hinger Barbara Emerson Barbara Fowler Robert R. Giunta Abigail Hafer and Bart Harloe Catherine Henchek Beth Hodges and John Emerson Claire Fox Myra Glassman Alan MacRobert Ralph A. Harold, Jr. Harold Henderson W. Scott Smith Lauran Emerson E. Aracelis Francis Walter Glooschenko Janet Haffner Ron Harrell Glenn Hendrick Christy Hoffman Michael Encinas Ann Fraser Bruce Gluckman Judyth Hakala John Harris Brian Henry Joel Hoffman Barbara Engel Todd Freeberg Michael Goerke, Jr. Oskar Halken Michael G. Harrison Elizabeth W. Henry Maxwell Hoffmann James English Jeanne Marie Freed Ruth Goldberg Judy Hall Robert Harry Michael Herzog Jacob Hoh Betina Entzminger Charles Freiberger Sandy Golden Lee Hall Timothy Hart Larry R. Hesson Steven Holle

— IN THESE TIMES REMEMBERS —

RODNEY BLEIFUSS (1928–2021) died in Janu- CYNARA STITES (1948–2020) died in March ary in Grand Rapids, Minn. Rod grew up on a 2020 at her home in Storrs, Conn. A social work- farm in southern Minnesota. He was the son of a er and educator, Cynara wrote her dissertation socialist public health doctor who voted for Eu- on consensual relationships between students gene V. Debs for president, and a math teacher and faculty members, an expertise much sought who supported the Woman’s Christian Temper- after in the #MeToo era. She founded and led ance Union. one of the first support groups for gay university Rod earned his Ph.D. in geology in 1966 from the University students, the Gay-Straight Rap, and supported the group’s mem- of Minnesota, where (except for a stint at U.S. Steel) he worked bers through the AIDS epidemic. throughout his life. He fully retired in 2018, clearing out his office A lifelong champion for the just and the sensible, Cynara wrote at the university’s Coleraine Minerals Research Lab in Coleraine, the legendary poem “UConn Never Closes” about the University of Minn., where he had once been director. Rod co-authored 10 met- Connecticut’s reluctance to declare snow days in the 1980s and allurgical patents for the university and was sole patent holder of 1990s. Dozens of her letters to the editor on social and communi- the “Row-Go” human-powered vehicle, coming soon to a bicycle ty issues were published in the Hartford Courant and Willimantic path near you. Chronicle. In 2018, Cynara testified to the state legislature’s Rod is sorely missed by his wife, Meredith, his four children and Public Health Committee in support of “An Act Concerning End- three stepchildren, and his seven nephews, including In These of-Life Care,” an aid-in-dying bill. Times’ Editor & Publisher Joel Bleifuss. Cynara is survived by her sister, her brother and her mother; The family asked that, in lieu of flowers, donations be made to her daughter, In These Times Executive Editor Jessica Stites; and In These Times and Doctors Without Borders. her grandson, Wren, whom she never got to meet.

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 31 In These Times is a rare Diab Jerius Kenyon Kelly Elissa Laitin Anne Lewis Beth Johnson Michael Kelly Troy Lakes Janet Lewis beacon of truth-telling amid Harvey Johnson Peter Kenmore Caroline Rick Lewis James Johnson Doris Kennedy Lalonde-Hanna Stephen Lewis that swamp of political propaganda Sue Johnson Joan and Richard Lamb Robbie Lieberman Colleen Johnston Albert Kenneke Richard Lambert Kay Lilland known as the media. It delivers the Alan Jones Nico Kert Peter Landon Sandra Lilligren Anne Jones Joni Ketter Carson Lane Gary Line hard news one might expect from Nancy Jones Justin Khalifa Beth Lanford Amy Little Steve Jones Faraz Khan Thomas Langdon Charles Little a free press. It explains the subtext Tegan Jones Tina Kingshill Ronald Lange Tony Litwinko “ Warren Jones James Kinsey June Lapidus Donald Loar for the continuing scandal of our Wayne Jones Kathleen Kirkpatrick Marie LaPosta Michael Loewenstein decayed democracy. Read it—you will Nathan Jordan Daniel Klein Giovanna Larrea Cynthia P. Loewy Laura Joseph Donna Klein Gary Larsen Julie Loprieno be regularly shocked by what other Fred Jung Nancy Kleinberg Dana Larson Justin Lott Lucinda Justice Rosemary Kleinert Heather Larson Jean Lowden journals leave out. Trina Kagochi Laurie Klesitz Meaghan LaSala Christopher Lowe Joshua Kahn Rick Eugene Knaub Daniel Lasky Erika Lubben Bucci —WILLIAM” GREIDER (1936–2019), James Kalasz Robert S. Knight II Barbara Laster Vickie Lucero JOURNALIST AND AUTHOR OF ONE WORLD, READY OR NOT Mary Kambic Lawrence Kociecki Megan Lasure Elizabeth Ludeman Stefan Kamph Chris Koper Robert Latousek David Lupo Kenneith Kanagaki Edward Kortman Makesha Laun Laura Lynch and Nina Holmes-Iniguez David Huffman- Donald Ira Yurdin Helene Kane Julien Koschmann Donn S. Leaf Hans Peters Thomas Holzman Gottschling Linda Irenegreene Susan Kaplan and Dylan Kosson Monique Leamon Tom Lynch Mark Hoose Marvin Huggins Tom Irvine Len L. Cavise Patricia Kowal Angela Leddy Charles Lynd Wanda L. Hoover William Hunt Barbara Irving Carolyn and Emil Kraus Scott Lederman Scott A. MacWilliams Margaret Hornick Charles Hunter Seth Isman Martin Karcher Janet M. and Dennis Lee Stacy Maddern Sarah Horsley Joshua Hunter Hendrik Isom Alex Karmgard Stephen A. Kreha Dorian Lee Ryan Madiar Bryon Horton Barbara Huntington Shobhna Iyer Melissa Karolak Nancy Krody Woo Chan Lee Edward Madory Susan Horvat Lisa Hutchinson Abdeen Jabara Richard Kaspari Deborah L. Krueger Richard Leigh Javier Madrigal Brad Howard Kinah Hutson Walter Jackson Michael Kaufman Fritz Kuehn David Lelyveld John Maguire Margaret Howard Thomas Hutton Sushil Jacob Tayfun Kazaz Miles Kurland Jessie Lendennie Kevin Mahoney Stacey Howard Lucas Iberico Lozada Deinna Jacquot Rosemary Kean Akito Kurokawa Audrey Lenore Hanson Marianne Makman David Howe Magdalene Iglar Matthew Jendian Brian Keaney Daniel Kuruna Bill Lepman Cathy Malkin and Susan Howe Lorna Immel Steve Jenkins Kathy Keck Richard Kurzberg Patrick Lesher William Meltzer Benita Howell David Infante Susan Jenkins and Regina Keenan John Kyper K. Lester Beverly Manley David Howle Herndon Inge Hank Bromley Nancy and Bob Keeton Nick La Russo Ryan Lester Ann C. Manning Andrew Hubbard Bob Insull Bob Jensen Stephen Kelleher William Lacy Bonita and Robert Levin Helenka Marcinek

— IN THESE TIMES REMEMBERS —

PERRY ROSENSTEIN (1926–2020) died in April MICKEY FLACKS (1940–2020) died in April 2020. With his passing, In These Times lost a 2020 in Santa Barbara, Calif., where the former friend and American workers lost a champion. New Yorker moved in 1969 with her husband, Perry was the son of Polish Jews who, having the sociologist Dick Flacks. “Mickey always tried immigrated to New York at the turn of the 20th to be true to herself—and for that reason she was century, became labor movement activists. a role model for many women who came to know Following World War II and a stint as a union her,” says Dick. organizer in the steel mills of South Bend, Ind., Perry had hoped to Longtime friends of In These Times founding editor James become a teacher, but he was blacklisted because of his econom- Weinstein, Mickey and Dick helped write the Port Huron ic and racial justice work. He became a captain of industry instead. Statement in 1962. In our 2012 anniversary cover story about Perry’s innovative manufacture of screws made him a million- the Port Huron Statement, Mickey recalls: “The [Students for a aire. In 1983, Perry put his fortune to work at the Puffin Foundation, Democratic Society] spoke a language that was not redolent of which supports artists, independent journalism and the Puffin the Germanic phrases of classical Marxism, but more like the ca- Gallery for Social Activism at the Museum of the City of New York. dences of the U.S. Constitution.” In 2009, the economic fallout from the Great Recession put the In 2018, the couple published a memoir, Making History / future of In These Times in doubt. Perry, as president of the Puffin Making Blintzes: How Two Red Diaper Babies Found Each Other Foundation, stepped up to help fund the “In These Times Growth and Discovered America. Plan,” which grew the magazine’s subscriber base to its current Bernardine Dohrn, who interviewed the couple at 57th Street 38,000 (up from fewer than 10,000 in 2010) and our full-time staff Books in Chicago, remembers her friend as "a proud Jewish rad- to 12 (up from 4 in 2010). ical, who was perfectly comfortable being her passionate and Perry is survived by his wife, Gladys Miller Rosenstein, and his modest self. A light to the world.” son, Neal Rosenstein, who are building on his legacy at the Puffin Mickey is survived by her husband, Dick, two sons and six Foundation, along with another son and daughter. grandchildren. 32 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 THANK YOU TO IN THESE TIMES’ 2020 DONORS

Francisco Maribona Chanda Moore Jason Peek Mary K. Richardson Abrienne Schmelling Nick Simons Beth Stewart Joan Marks Jennifer Moore Guillermo Perez Susan Richardson Teun Schmidt Eva Simonsen William Stewart Gregory Marquez Rick Moore Harry F. W. Perk Mitchel Rickett Barbara Schmittel Gary Sipe Wayne Stinson Justin Marquez Robert Moreillon David Perkins Nancy Riebschlaeger Allan Scholom Gary Skiba Dwight Stone Cyndi Martin Adriana Moreno Justin Perkins David Rinaldi Martha Schoolman Ray Skidmore Susan Stone and William Martin Nevarez Yuleen Perry Daniel Ringler Thomas Schram Christine Skwiot Eric Decker Dan Martinez David Morgan Joe Peschek Harry Ripley Carol Schramke and and Larry Gross Mark Stover Bill Mascioli Katherine Morris Ethel Peterson Russell Rising Carson Lane Melani Skybell Steva Stowell- Richard Mason Patty Morse and John Peterson David Robbins Loretta Schuman Calvin Sloan Hardcastle John Massey Cliff Roginic William Pettinger Kimberly Roberts William L. Schuster D.J. Small Susan Strand Mary Massey Peter Steinholt James Pevey Benjamin Robinson Don Schwarz Dana Smith Hilary Strang Bonnie Mathias Mortensen Jill Pharo Sara Robles Katherine Sciacchitano Georgia Smith Louis Strausbaugh Mara Matteson Edmund Mroz Henri Picciotto Mary Hall Rodman Tracy Scott Lea Smith Margaret Stults and Jeff Scott Robert Mulqueen Joanna Picciotto Lynne Rodriguez Clifton Scroggins MaryAnn Smith Jen Suh Taryn Matusik Prashanth Mundkur Amelia Pickering Phyllis Rodriguez Tony Scucci Shawna Smith Rebecca Sullivan Sally Mavroides Michael Murphy Monique-Cheri Pierre Thomas Roerkohl Andrew Searle Thomas Smith Megan Summers Laimdota Mazzarins Rafael Mutis Garcia and Eric Dale Daniel Roffman Joe Sedlak Richard Smykla Jonathan H. Sumner David McCann Ramona Mutters Pamela Pifer Helaine and Willard Seehorn Linda Sneed Therese Suprenant William McCarthy Rod Myers Lauren Pixler Andrew Rogers Marna Seibert Mathew Snow and Robert Sitko Gabby McClanahan Bret Nelson Amy Plattsmier Doug Rohde Nina Serafino Dennis Synder Sarah Suszczyk Stephanie McCullough Elizabeth Neuse Perry Plumart Eleanor Rooney Peggy Serry William Snyder Ann S. Harris Carol and Oscar Newman Jose G. Plumey Emily Rosenberg Tim Sevener Jim Soletski Anthony Sweeney John McCurry Tyler Newman Roland Poche Herb Rosenberg Matthew Shanahan Diana Somerville David Sweet Carol McDermott James Newton Grace Poertner Beth C. Rosenblum Elizabeth Shanklin Ruth SoRelle Jacob Dawn McDonald Karl Newton Aimee Pohl Laura Ross Chip Sharpe Elaine Sorensen Swenson-Lengyel Cynthia McDonnell Julia Nicholson Rachel Pointer Lyle Ross Patrick Shaw Frederick Sossaman Laurie and Steven McGarity Onni Nickle Mari Pont Betsy Rubinstein M.B. Sheppard Shiloh Soujourner James Swindler Rachel K. McKay Gregory Nickoloff Nadia Popyack Marcia Rucker Chris Sherbak Fred Sperounis Marsha and Robert R. McKay Philip Nicolai Rebecca Porper John F. Rudisill Philip Sherman Stephen Spicer Charles Sword James McKenzie Kenneth Nielsen Brent A. Porter Gundars Rudzitis Hee Young Shin Jason Stahl Brian Sylvester Tommy Mckeown Keith Nightenhelser Cody Potter Lauren Rueda Alan Shockley Carol and Chris Staley Jack Symes Robert McMahon Elizabeth Novak William Potvin Donald Ruehl Sheila Sicilia Joe Steinmeyer Julie Szekely Dawn McMillin Pete Novakovic Dyanne Powell John Rundin John Sillito Edward Stenborg Louis Takacs Scott McNulty Bill O’Brien Francis Power Elizabeth Rung Bruce Silva Caroline Stephens James Tate Carlyle H. Meacham Patrick O’Brien William Poyfair Janet Ruppert Jack Simel Peter Sterne Jim Tate Timothy Melin Daniel O’Donnell Felicia Pratto Nancy Russell Alonzo Mendoza Lynn Ockenden Dale Preston Waggoner Toni Merrick Robert Oda Carolina Prieto Itala Rutter George Merriman David Ogren Philip Prince Nina Ruymaker Grace Messina Phyllis Ohlemacher Eric Probola Michael Ryan In These Times has shaped Bert L. Metzger, Jr. and Bob Wages Sylvia Puente Michael Sacco Thomas Meyer Tocosa Onea Robert Quartell Faith Sadley my thinking for more than Donald R. Michaelsen Annie Oosterwyk Steven Queener Hedy Sadoc Mary Michalik Darrell Opfer Michael Quinn Leif Sagaas 40 years. I can’t imagine where Charles Miday Lisa Oppenheim Harry Rabb Ken Sagar Elizabeth and Jarrett Richard Orlando Gail Radford Paul Salois I would be without its excellent Middleton-Dapier Susan Orlofsky Lissa Radke Bonnie Sammons Jerome Miliszkiewicz David Ornstein Carl Ragel Jaclyn Sanchez independent journalism. It has also Chase Miller Thomas Ortenberg David Ramirez Rene Sanchez been fascinating to watch the journal Dave Miller Ross Outten Jason Ramos Ken Sandin “ Dwight Miller James Owens Darin and Brittni Jeanette Santistevan evolve in format with the addition of Peter Miller Lisa Owens Ranahan Karin Sargent Wendy L. Miller Connie Ozer John Ratliff Lauren Sargent new brilliant writers. In its scope of Ida G. Millman Raul Padilla Chris Ratzka Lanie Saunders Charles Mills Amy Paige and William Rawson Sara Savacool interest, In These Times’ editorial Melissa Mills John Dunker Patrick Reagan Kim Savage Marjorie Milroy James Palma Nick Redler Robin and leadership has been visionary while Hermann Miskelly Joel Parks Penny Redman Richard Sawyer Cindy Mitchell William Parks Edward Redondo Rowdy Scarlett remaining committed to the highest James Mitchell Harvey Partica Sherrill Reed Mark Schaeffer journalistic standards. It’s the kind Rhoda Mitchell Mark Patro Laura Reese Maria Schafer Levon Mkrtchyan Gary Patton Julia Reichert Jay Schaffner of journalism we need to support for Frank Modic Richard Pauly Thomas Reindel Bennett Scharf Shelley Molinaro Thomas Pauly Anthony Reiner Nancy Schimmel future generations. Hannah Moltz Margaret A. Paxton David M. Renneckar Mary Schinhofen ” Terri Monley Brendan Pearse Polly Reynolds David Schleicher —CAROLYN M. BYERLY, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR Evalynn Monsky Duncan Michael Pearson Judith Ribbens Richard Schleifer OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATION, CULTURE Chris Moon Bonnie Pedraza Michael Rice Joe Schlingbaum AND MEDIA STUDIES AT HOWARD UNIVERSITY

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 33 THANK YOU TO IN THESE TIMES’ 2020 DONORS

Sandra Tate Jennifer Todd Karen Underhill Tylka Vetula Dorothy Washington Henry Williams Mark Wood Nina Tatlock Janet Todosychuk Denise Ungerman Richard Vilmenay David Webb Jeanne Williams James Woods John Taylor Maria Tomasula Ron Unz Christopher Viola Steven Weber Jody Williams Christopher Wren Laurie Taylor John Toolan Eric Usner James Vitek Margaret Webster Paulette Williams James Wright Warren Taylor Lana Touchstone Ernestine Ussery James Vokac Diann Weinman Patrick Williamson Micheal Wright David Tessler Cynthia Towne Richard Uttich Leonard Volk Susan Weiss Suzanne Willis Richard Wright Stephen Tews George Townsend Joseph Valle Susan Vonarx William Weller Betty Wilson Tad Wysor Michael Thelen Nicholas Travis John (Terry) Carl Voss Elmer Wells David Wilson Ally Young Marilou Thibault Richard Trevor Van Brunt III Nancy Wadsworth Linda Whitcomb James Wilson William Thomas Edward L. Tripp James Van Nort Carol J. Wagers Michael Grant White Larry Wilson Gwen Young Jeanne Thomason John Truffa Richard Vanden Heuvel James Walker William White Lorena Winicki Ruth Zalph Helen Thompson and Jennifer Trybom Robert Vanderlaan Darren Wall Judy Whitehouse Douglas Winquest Tyler Zaremba Jeffrey Sklansky Andrew Tucker William Vanpelt Kim Wall Robert Whiteside Connie Wittig Paul Zarn Chris Thomsen Doug Turetsky Summer Vanslager Carolyn Wallace Robert Whitford Marian Wolbers Martin Zatsick William Michael Tierney Jeffrey Turner Judy Veach Harry Wallen Ron Whitmore Michelena Wolf Mike Zelenko Tom Tilden Lowell Turner Marie Venner Duane Walling Mark Whitnall Rita Wolf Edward Timmons Susan Udin Stephen Verbil James M. Martin Widmayer Sasha Wolf Renee Toback Jasminka Udovicki Krista Vermeal Wallrabenstein John Wiedenheft William Wolfolk David Todd Michael Ugarte Frank Vernotzy D.J. Washington Mullissa Willette James Wood IN THESE TIMES FOUNDATIONS & ORGANIZATIONS

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Anonymous (297) Jorge Aguilera Paul Allen Allen Gregory Andler Jessica Ardon Chuck Augello Carita Baker Elizabeth Aaronsohn Linda Ahlberg Thomas Allen Michael Andoscia Carol Arenas Barbara Austin David Baker Susan Aaronson Sandy and Wilbur Allen Dennis Andrews Laura Armstrong Mason Austin Dean Baker Brian Abbott Tom Ahlstrom William F. Allen II Holly Andrews Nevin Armstrong William Austin Douglas Baker Jonathan Abbott Arooj Ahmad Marylou Allin Janet Andrews Ronald Armstrong Laura Auzenne Lucas Baker Said Abdallah Paul Ahrens Kenneth Allison Tye Andrews Amy Arnao Frank Avella Lyman A. Baker Edmund Abegg Elizabeth Aiken Steve Allison Dana Andrewson Charles Arndt Edward Averill Mark Baker Jodi Abel Simon Akindes Eric Allstrom Michelle Andry Mark Arneson Paul Ayers Nancy R. Baker Charles Abele Susan Akridge Gar Alperovitz Sanja Andus L’Hotellier Cinda Arnold John Aylmer Philip Baker Kevin Abels Suzanne Al-Kayali Daniel Alpert Mansour Ansari Robin and Jon Arnold Maha Ayyoubi Robert Baker Rebecca Abercrombie Mitch Albers Marion Alsup David Anson James Aronson Maurice Baalman Terry Baker Denise Abert Frances Albury Donald Alter Franklin Anthes Laurence Aronson Michelle Babian Tom Baker Evaline Abram-Diroll Alisha Alcantar Jessica Alter Riley Anthony F. Josephine Arrowood Bruce Bachmann Ganesh Balamitran Ilana Abramovitch Frederick Alcorn Meryl Altman Grant Antoline José Félix A.D. Bachner Heidi Baldassare Murray Abramsky Frederick Aldrich Joseph Altura Diana Anton Arroyo Woessner James Badalament Susan Balding Sasha Abramsky R. Lynne Aldrich Sharon Ammen Misha Antonich Robert Ashman Robert Badell James Baldwin Merritt Abrash Ralph Aldrich Carol Anderheggen Lasse Antonsen Francis T. Ashton Eleanor Bader Ruby Baldwin Carmen Abreu Danny Alegria Keith Anderko Joshua Aoki Susan and Christopher Baehrend Pierre Balian Julie Abuelsamid Alba Alexander Barb Andersen Florence Appel Kjell Askevold David Baer Alan Balkema Sergio Acena Claire Alexander Blake Andersen Kathleen and Christine Asleson George Bagdasarian Johnathan Ball Anne Adams Jill Alexander Alicia Anderson Timothy Appel Matthew Astbury Keith Bagwell Sam Ball Christine Adams Nan Alexander Clifford Anderson Rima and Michael Apple Cheryl Astern Kevin Bahen Stephen Ball Dean Adams Yvonne Alexander Ian Anderson Kim Applegate Wesley Aten Jacqueline Bailey Daniel Ballek Lance Adams Rae Alexander-Minter John Anderson Sol Aramendi Richard Atkinson Linda and Robin Balliger Larry G. Adams Nicholas Ali Laura Anderson Phil Arandjelovic Sue Atkinson Kenneth Bailey Lisa Baltz Laurence Adelman Raymond Alis Margaret Ann and Dennis Arata Virginia Atkinson Pamela Bailey Suzanne Balzer Gary Adkins Jeff Allen Donald W. Anderson Ann Arbogast Leonard Auclair Sandra Bailey Paul Bamberger Kristen Affrime Kevin Allen Nicholas Anderson Rodney W. Archambault David Auerbach Robert Baillie Alina Banerjee Rotimi Agbabiaka Lili Allen Patricia Anderson James Archuleta Delayne Auerbach Bruce Baizel Janice Banks Joan Agosta Michael Allen Steven Anderson Bruce Ardinger Paul Auerbach Arlene Baker Charles Banner-Haley

34 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 David Barak Roldo S. Bartimole Sarai Baylor Jonathan Bennett Jeffrey Barbieri Edmund Bartlett David Beach Michael Bennett I am just one example of Joseph Barclay Christopher Bartley Elise Beall Michael Beno hundreds of young progressive Jean Barczak Sylvia and Peter Bearse David Benson Ron Bardell Russell Bartley Oliver Beaudry Janis Benson writers who’ve been able to publish Geneviève Zareen Bartley Charlotta Beavers Caitlin Bentley Baril-Gingras Thomas Bartnik Paula Bechtold Herb Benz and find their voice at In These Times. Bill Barish Michael Barto Ian Becker Herbert Benz Weldon Barker Tara Barton Willy Becker Andrew Benzer I simply cannot emphasize enough Edward Barlow Richard Baruc Scott Beckman Anat Benzvi Lawrence Barmann Maureen Basalla Linda and Richard Barbara Berberi how important this is. Joel Barna Stephanie Basile Beckmann Mary Bercovitz “ ” —CHRIS HAYES, HOST OF ALL IN WITH CHRIS HAYES Wayne Barnard Lee Basna Trey Bedingfield Edward Berg ON MSNBC AND FORMER IN THESE TIMES SENIOR EDITOR Katherine Barnash Barbara Bass Neil Bednarczyk Jeff Berg Danae Barnes Grechen Bass Gerald Beedle Rosemary and Dana Barnett Abraham Bassford Pamela Beegle Warren Berg Judy Barnett Constance Basta Adam Beer Ellen Bergener Michael Bichko Karen Black Karen Bloomquist Michael Barnett Nathaniel Batchelder Matt Behrens Dorothy Bergin Gaelan Bickford- Lyle E. Black Sandra Blosser Sharon Barnett Peter L. Batchelder Melvin E. Bell Sam Bergman Gewarter Moira Black Lauren Blough Adam Barnhart Eliza Margarita Bates Robert Bell Sidney Berkowitz Lisa Bickmore and Timothy Black Tara Bloyd Edward Baron Eloise Bates Lary Belman Ann Bernard John McCormick Kenneth Blackman Ken Bluford Michael C. Baron Gail Bateson John Belmes Linda Bernardi Leif Biderman Michael Blackmore Jeffrey Blum Vince Barone Richard Bathje Bonnie Benard and George Bernazani Shula Bien Jennifer Blair Ronald Blum Christopher Barott Rick Batlan Peter Seidman Deborah J. and Howard John Bierk Deborah Blair Porter Rudolf Eric Blunck James Barrett Steven Batovsky Lester Bender B. Bernstein Anthony Bifulco Janelle Blake Gordon Boardman Mary Barrett Natalie Battaglia Rodney Bender Erick Berquist Rosemarie Bilandzija Christopher Blanchard Harold Boaz Edward Barrier Joel Batterman Valerie and Janice Berry Paul Bingenheimer Frederic Blanchette Vernon Bobsin Barry Barringer Ruthanna Battilana John Bender Jefferson Berry Joanna Binner Debbie Blane Brian Bock Christie Barringer Mary Lou Battley Barbara Bendzunas Ruth Berry Daniel Bird Ray Blank Joan Bockholt Cameron Barron Lori Batzloff Furlo Bengtsson William Berry Mary Bird Steve Blank James Bode Jessica Barron Jacques Baud Patricia Benjamin and Stephanie Bershad Richard Birkett Carlton Blanton Bhikkhu Bodhi Alpha Barry Harold R. Bauer Steve Swingle James Bertolone Steven Birnbaum Edward Blanton Angela Boehler Bill Barry Robert Baugh Michael Benn Tyson Bertone Riggs Monica Birrer Joel Blanton David Boese David Barry Dale Baum Ken Benner Marc Beskin Michael Bishop Joel Blau Eva Boesing James Barry Norma Baum Andrew Bennett Nelson Betancourt Daniel Biss Anne Bleaden Susanna Bohme Shana Barry Mary Katherine Dick Bennett Brian Beutler Gary W. Bittner Brittany Blecher Steve Bohrer Patsy Bartee Baumeister Jib Bennett John Beynon Leonard Bjorkman Michael Blegen Alvin Boie Robert Bartholomew Laura Baumer John Bennett Rak Bibi Wayne Bjornrud Diego Bleifuss Prados William Bokamper Javene Black Joshua Bloom Maria Bolanos

— IN THESE TIMES REMEMBERS —

DENISE D’ANNE (1934–2020) died in Septem- WE ALSO REMEMBER ber 2020 at her home in San Francisco’s Mis- sion District. A longtime San Francisco city employee, she once served as the co-president of + Rose Bethe, + Jeffrey E. Hobson, + Brian E. the Harvey Milk LGBTQ Democratic Club. Ithaca, N.Y. Schellsburg, Pa. Sexson-Beni, Denise, a transgender woman, transitioned Elspeth Bobbs, Joseph Jurczynski, Jacksonville, Fla. in 1968 and then moved to the city, where she + + Santa Fe, N.M. Pattersonvle, N.Y. + Harold Sheinaus, became a committed labor activist and proponent of social jus- Bridgewater, N.J. tice. In the 1970s, Denise helped establish the city’s Commission + Estella Dee Brown, + Seena Kohl, on the Status of Women and a credit union for women. As presi- Eugene, Ore. St. Louis, Mo. + Dale W. Swinney, dent of the San Francisco Community Recyclers, she hosted a ra- + Helene Cherry, + John McKissen, Reedley, Calif. dio program about environmental justice. In 1997, Denise helped Philadelphia, Pa. Grand Coulee, + Barbara Tracy, draft the sustainability plan for the city and county. + Coralie Farlee, Wash. Ormond Beach, Fla. A member of Service Employees International Union Local 400, Denise served as shop steward, as editor of the Local 400 Washington D.C. + George R. Moore, + Rebecca Warfield, newspaper and as member of the executive board. She helped + Alfred Gramstedt, Northport, N.Y. Alexandria, Ind. write new bylaws that, at her insistence, included a clause ban- Northfield, Minn. + August Reil, Jr., + Morton Weiner, ning discrimination based on sexual orientation. + Gloria Gray, Cromwell, Conn. Meridian, Idaho A longtime friend of In These Times, Denise remembered the Richardson, Texas + Paul Schutt, + Dan Williams, magazine in her will. She is survived by her “adopted” grandson, Breckenridge, Colo. Monterey, Calif. Geoffrey Scott, whom she met in 1995 at a recycling center where + Alfred Hegerich, she volunteered. (Photo courtesy of Geoffrey Scott.) Ann Arbor, Mich APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 35 At a time when dissenting Gregory Buck Anthony Calhoun Nancy Nelson Caswell David Chubak Helen Buck Janet and Robert Dylan Cate Chris Chulos views are almost nonexistent Rick Buck Calhoun John-Paul Catusco David Ciampi Susan M. Buckholz Katie Calhoun Ruth Caudell Robert Ciesielski in mainstream media, the sanity Ron Bucklin John Callahan Stewart Cauley Miguel Cima John J. Budin Alexander Callender Andrew Causey Carol Cina and common sense I receive from Lawrence Budner Steve Callison Tony Cavaggion Jonathan Cipriani Christopher Budnick Yonah Camacho Richard Cavalier Fred Cisterna In These Times is my monthly tonic. Craig Buehler Diamond Robert Cenek Stephanie Ciupka Joseph Buelt Jose Camarena Christopher Centanni Vic Claassen It helps keep me in good health Carol Buer Phil Campagnoli Darlene Ceremello John Clain “ Veronica Buffington Carrie Campbell Kara Ceriello Dorothy and physically and ethically. Mari Jo and Paul Buhle Dan Campbell Kenan Cetin James Clair —STUDS TERKEL ” (1912–2008), Michael Buhman Janet G. Campbell Kyle Chadwick Jeff Clapper IN THESE TIMES SUPPORTER Ana Bullard Josiah Campbell Lee Chaffee Bill Clark Robert R. Bullerwell Karen and Larry Natalie Chagollan Dennis Clark Debra Bullington Campbell Stacie Chaiken Herman Clark Beverly Bullock Michael Campbell Subhas Chakraborty Norma Clark Joe Bolcer Dean Braa Stephen B. Bromley Paul Bundy Vickie Campbell Jan Chamberlin Sean Clark Byron Boldrini Fay Bracken Amy Bromsen Ron Burch William Cane Joanne Chambers Theo Clark Diane Bolduc Ruth Bradford David Brookbank Bill Burdette James Cannon Paul Chambers Tom Clark Chris Bolgiano Katharine Bradley Eric Brooks Mike Burdic Michael Cannon Dorothy Chambless Debra Clason Beverly Boling Paul Bradshaw James Brooks Janet Burdick Daniel Cantor Wanda Chancellor Mary Ann Clawson Carol and David Donald Brady Jeffrey Brooks Patricia Burdick Ilan Capone William L. Chandler Jeff Clay Bolsover Francisco Brady Patrick Brooks Suzanne Burg Raphael Caprio Bill Chandler Deborah Clayton Peter Bolton Robert Brady Richard Brooks Lynn Burgess Licia Cardinale Eliot Chandler Gary Clayton Kurt E. Bomke Andrea Braendlin Deborah Broome Gordon Burghardt Don Carew John Chandler Delbert Clear Robert Bond Larry Bramlett Robert Brose James Burke Margaret Carey Best Brenda Chaney Brian Cleary Allyson Bondy Roger Brancieri John Brower John Burke and Jonathan Best Don Chapin Scott Clemens Eric Bonnaud Susan Brand Alexis Brown Sarah Burke Ralph Carfora Robert Chapin Alexandria Cleveland Kathryn Bonnell Ceci Brandt Chaim Brown Theresa Burke Evangeline Caridas Debra Chaplan Robert W. Cleveland Stella Bonnet Emily Brandt David Brown Ursula Burkhard Kent Carle Leon Chapman Scott Clifthorne Vera and Ross Boone Joy and Noel Brann Diane Brown Martin Burkhardt Steven Carlock Sue Chapman Caryn Cline Gray Boot Elizabeth Brannon Garry Brown Eric Burkley Andrew Carls Glenn Chappell Tracy Clingan Earl Bootier Thomas Brannon Jeffery Brown Cody Burleson Errol Carlsen Holmes Chappell John Clinkman Lenore Borash Eugene Branstiter Karen Brown Francene Burman Andre Carlson Timothy Charlan Angela Clinton Tom Borchard Patrick Brantlinger Kenneth Brown Murray Burn Ethan Carlson Nicole Charles George Clower Dylan Bordell Daniel Brantner Larry Brown John Burnett Thomas R. Carmody II Michael Charlos Cheri Cluff Jeremy Borden Jacqueline Braslow Patsy Brown Anna Burns Brent Caron Karen Chase Christopher Clutz Bridget Borer Steven Bratthauer Paul Brown Rebecca Burns Nicholas Caros Melissa Chase Gerald Clymer Kent Borges Kevin Brauer Philip Brown Alexander Burnside Jacob Carozza Joseph Chasse Sally Cobb Patricia Borman Charles and Marie Bray Robert M. Brown Philip Burston Gwendolyn Carpenter Kathryn Chastin Geoffrey Cobden Louise Bormann Ann Brennan Stephen Brown M. Kate Burton Lila Carpenter Susanna Chatametikool Chris Coble Greg Borzo Michael Brenner Susann and Lawrence Harry Bury Frank Carrannante Mike Chaudhuri H. Coble Emily Bosch James L. Brewer D. Brown Kenneth Busch Coralie Carraway Eleanor Chavez Jackie Cody Gautam Bose Kevin Brewer Todd Brown Amy Bush Chris Carrel Kevin Chavis Christine Coe Laura Boss Patricia Brewer Winfield Brown Earl Bush Joe Carriere Rosanne Cherkezian Jennifer Cohan Catherine Bossi Rose Brewer Joelyene Browne Timon Busha Michael Carrol James Chesky Alex Cohen Cecil Bothwell Marjorie Brewster Susan and Bertram Steve Butcher Acil B. Carroll Tami Chesnut Bruce S. Cohen Bruce Boucek Walter Brewster Bruce Bill Butkevich Gregory Carroll Harvey Chess Cathy Cohen Christopher Bouey Dennis Bricker James Brumley Judith and Robert James Carroll Eirik Cheverud David Cohen Virginia Bourke Karen Briggs Sheri Brummett Butler Stephen Carroll Jim Chiappetta Ira Cohen Roger Even Bove Matthew Brightman Francoise Brun-Cottan Martha Butler Judith Carscaddon Angela Chiarello Michelle Cohen Susan Bovee Dorothea Brilmyer Angela Bruni Jessica Buttermore Rani Carson Steven Childs Myron Cohen James Bowers Scott Brinkerhoff Carol Brunkowski Michael Butterworth David Carter Eugenia Chilton Jim Colando Dorothy Bowker David Brisbin Glen Brunman Barbara Byrd Anne Caruso David Chipman Karen Colclasure Ann Bowman William Briscoe John Brunner Philip J. Byrne II Virginia Carwell Michael Chirch Peter Cole Jessica Bowyer Ian Brisson Henry Bruns David Bywaters Regula Case H.W. Cho William Cole Maral Boyadjian Charles Brizius Diana Brunswig-Bosso Lynne Caarey Dowell Caselli-Smith Vincent Chov Jessie Coleman Richard Boyd Adam Broad Susan Beth Brunton Juan Caban Barbara Casey Tobita Chow John Coleman Terri Boyd Frank Broadbent Gene Bruskin Jeri Cabot and Bill Shawn Casey Russell Christensen Peter Coleman John Boyer Wayne Broadbent Barry Bryan Olejniczak Thomas Casey Jeff Christenson George Coling Annmarie Boyle Maritza Broce Neil Bryan Alex Cacioppo Anna Casper Carol Christian Carol Collins Jerry Boyle Gerald Brock Edward Bryant, Jr. Sudarshan Cadambi Janet Caspers Kathryn Christian Fred Collins Joseph Boyle Lisa Brock Wendy Bryant Mo Cahill M. Cass Timothy Christians Geraldine Collins Wallace Boyle Leah Brodner Jeffrey Brzezinski Carolyn and John Cain Brian Cassidy Robert Christl Heather Collins Jacqueline Boynton Todd Brogan Carol Buchea Gregory Cain Edward Castillo Debbie Christo Joe Collins John Boynton James Brolin Mary Bucher Dennis Caine Elisabeth Castillo James Chrystal Saulo Colon Kendra Bozarth Nick Bromberg Donald Buchholz Mary Caldwell Bonnie Castrey Winnie Chu William Comiskey THANK YOU FOR SUPPORTING INDEPENDENT MEDIA

36 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 THANK YOU TO IN THESE TIMES’ 2020 DONORS

Jean Como George Coutis Patricia Dahlman Daniel Dean Alison Diem Eddie Doss Brian Duplisea Timothy Como Catherine Cowan Thomas Dailey Jon Todd Dean Charles Dietrich Aaron Dotson Gayna Dupont Ross Conlan James Cowan John Dais Charles Leo Deaner Vance Dietz Stephen Downes John Durajczyk Fritz Conle Joel Cowan Donald Daisley Monica Deangelis Philip Difani John Downey Erdem Durgunoglu Brenda Conley Elynn Cowden Barbara and George Dear Nicholas DiFeo Shannon Downey Matt Durham Josephine Conlon William Cowlin James Dale Steven Deatherage Ellen Diflo Elizabeth Morris Eileen Durkin Merle Conlon Andrew Cox Florence Daley Mark Deats Eugene W. Dillo Downie Jesse Durst Gretchen Conn Geoffrey Cox John Dalida Loraine DeBoom Meredith Dillon John Downing Luanne Durst Noreen Connell Kevin Cox Catherine Daligga Carlos Ulises Decena Michael Dillon Virginia Downs Claire Dus Sault John Connelly Nancy Cox Bruce F. 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Cummings Clarence Davis Glenda Derbyshire Mary Dooley Stephen R. Duncan Mark Edmundsd Katherine Corcoran Andrew Cunningham Craig Davis John DeRonck Jan Dorin Shauna Dunham Kieran Edraney Stephen Corcoran George Cunningham Jim Davis David DeRosa Jan Dorner Dwight Dunn Jeremy Edsall Sally Cordio Matthew Cunningham Ken Davis Adam DeRose Stephen Dorner Elise Dunn Diane Edwards Andy Coren Virginia Cunningham Margaret R. Davis Ken Deschere James Dorr Liz Dunn Valerie Edwards-Key Richard L. Corey Tim Curl Natalie Davis Dominic Desmond Gary Dorrien Christopher Dunnbier John Egan Corinne Corley Elliott Currie Richard Davis Richard Detwiler Rollie Dorsett David Dunning William Egan Terry Cornbleth James Curry Susan Davis William Devick Ronald Cornwell Robert Curry Terry Davis Adrian DeVore Louise Cort Roland Curry Timothy Davis James Dewalt Daniel Cortez Steve Curtis Barbara Davy Catherine and It is incredibly important the Juan Cortez David Cushman Robert Dawe David Dewar Claudia Corum Rose Cuva Malcolm Dawson Robert Dewhirst work that In These Times James Cossitt James Cypher Mark and Susan Michael Deycaza Karen Costarella Carl Czaga Dawson Robin and Joseph does ... We can only understand that Kerry Costello Czeslaw Czapla Michael Dawson Di Maio Elizabeth Costlow Howard Czoschke Richard Dawson Jo-Anne Diamond workers can win if we can talk about Doug Cotton Amy Czulada Roy Dawson Kenneth Diamondstone William Coughlin Jeanne D’Andrea Lia Day Stephen Diaz what their struggles are, so that we Craig Coulombe Michael D’Arcangelo Abram de Bruyn Felipe Diaz-Arango can all join together and use solidarity Thomas Coulson Henry D’Souza Joseph De Croocq Lauren Dicicco “ Alan Coulter Cassie da Costa Mary De Jong Dennis Dick to ensure that workers do win. B. County Frank Da Cruz Mary de la Fe Gilda Dick ” Larry Coupal David Daehnke James De Merit Debra Dickey —SARA NELSON, PRESIDENT OF THE Yvette L. Coursey Elyssa Dahl Barbara Deal Laurence Dickter ASSOCIATION OF FLIGHT ATTENDANTS-CWA Elias Coutavas Bill Dahlk Arley Dealey Michael Diddams APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 37 THANK YOU TO IN THESE TIMES’ 2020 DONORS

Kerry Egdell Howard Elterman Julie Evans Michael Fellows Bonnie Fisher Kathryn and John Rory Gallagher James Eger Camille Emeagwali Leah Evans Chiensan Feng Christopher Fisher Franke Anna Galle Howard Egerman Linda and Murvin Meg Evans Laurence Fennelly Duncan Fisher Teresa Frankfurth Steve Gallop Rolland Eggert Enders Michael Evans Janet and James Marslince Fisher Steven Frankum Susan Galloway Mike Ehinger Joann Eng-Hellinger Yvonne Everett Fennerty Paul Fisher Lisa Franzen Lilly Gamaney Alice Ehnert and Daniel Hellinger Marcia Evers Lisa Fenton Robert Fisher John Franzese Jamie Gambell Christine and Carol and Rex English Gerald Eyrich Robert Fenton Ron Fisher Allan Fraser Kim Gambrell Joseph Ehrhart Rebecca Ennen Natasha Eziquiel- Howard Ferguson Sean Fisher Terry Fravor Zelda Gamson Richard Ehrmann Elizabeth Enoch Sriro Robert Feria Stephen Fisher Curtis Frederick Lou Gangitano Sarah Eidelson Walter Enoch Diane Fager David Fernandez Lawrence Fisk Edmund Frederick Ross Gannon Diana Eidson Daniel Enroth Judy Fagerholm Juan Fernandez Thomas Fitch Peter Frederick Fred Ganoe Robert Eisenstadt Mark Enslin John Fago Michael Fernandez Theresa Fitler Tina Fredericks Kenneth Ganske Douglas Eisenstark Julia Epplin-Zapf Richard Fairfield Holly Fetter Mike Fitzgerald Carlin Freeman Barbara N. 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38 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 Gary Gianini Jeremy Goldstein Tom Greensfelder Betty Hadidian Adina Giannelli Susan Goldstein Liz Greenwood and Douglas Hadsell If it weren’t for In These Times, Geoffrey Gibbons Kenneth Golub Bill Hanson Betty Hagen I’d be a man without a country. Pamela Gibbons Anna Gomes Martin Greenwood Ron Hager ” R.C. Gibbons Adam Gomez Andrew Gregg Peter Haggerty —KURT VONNEGUT, Richard Gibbons Jodie Gomez Paul Gregor Andrew Haimowitz FORMER IN THESE TIMES SENIOR EDITOR Major Gibbs Justin Gomez Bruce Gregory Carol Wells and Erik Gibson Brent Gonsalves Chuck Gregory Theodore Hajjar Ronald C. Gibson Elliot Gonzales Anne Gregson Kaitlin Hakanson Steve Gibson Santiago Gonzales Daniel Greven James Hale Craig Harrah Helen Hayes William Herman William Gibson Alicia Gonzalez Richard Gribin Joshua Hale Caitlin Harrington Richard J. Hayes David A. Hermanns Teri Gidwitz Francisco Gonzalez Gabriel Griego Judi Halford Karen“ Harrington John Hayner Eric Hernandez Mark Giese Herbert Goodfriend Glenn and Sandra Henry Hall Kevin Harrington A.K. Haynes Monty Hernandez Ian Gilbert Greg Goodman Griffin Jane Hall Michael Harrington LuAnn Hayrynen Riley Hernandez Mike Gilbert Kenneth Goodrich John Griffin Mary K. Hall Timothy Harrington John Hazard Robert Hernandez Steven Gilbert Foster Goodwill Martha Griffin Paula Hall Alvin Harris Lucy Headrick Art Herrera Eileen Gilkenson Dayne Goodwin Ryan Griffis Robert Hall Barbara Harris Darnise Healy Sandra Herrington Charles Gill Carol and Marc Gordon Billy Griffith Erica Hallahan Christopher Harris Christine Heaney Bruce Herron David Gill Michael Gordon Ronald Grimm Alma Haller E.T. Harris James Hearn Walt Herrs Tom Gilles Richard Gordon Jeremiah Grimsley Albert Hallinan James Harris Robert Hearst Lydia Herschthal James Gilligan Kennedy Beth Grindell Yadviga Halsey Lisa Harris James Heaton Rick Herson Chris Gillotti Annette Gordon-Reed David Grindle Dorothy E. Halzack Randy Harris Julia Hebner Edward Hertenstein Jared Gilpatrick H. Candace Gorman and Barbara Grinkovitch Marilyn Ham Roger Harris Jan Hedton Patti and Alan Herzfeld John Gilrein Christopher Ross Michael Grogan Kathi Hamby Linda Harris and Steven Heffner Denise and Douglas Peter Gilson Ted Gorzny Thomas Groh Bruce Hamilton Jerrold Liebermann Christie Hefner Herzog Jennifer Gimenez Thomas Goshaw James Groleau Melody Hamilton Cole Harrison Kevin Hefty AnnMarie Hess Kirsten Gindler William Gosman Ray Grosch Patrick Hamilton Steven Harrison Tom Hehn Donald Hess Don Ginestet Alice Goss Yvonne Groseil Victoria Hamlin Lynne Harriton Blaine R. Heilman Arthur Hessburg Mark Ginsburg Bill Goss Victoria and Luke Frank Hammer Kimberly Harrod Thomas Heiman Allison Hettmer Ann Gipple Jonathan Goss Groser Tom Hammer David Harrowe Michael Hein Chris Heuschkel David Girbert Karl Gossman Dan Gross Charles Hammersmith Mary Harshfield Bob Heister Kevin Hevelone Sergio Girgenti Eric Goswick Elizabeth R. Gross Jeanett Hammond Christopher Hart John Heitl Andrew Hewes Carilyn Gist Axel Gothe Lee Gross Karen Hamrock Donna Hart Arthur Held Jonathan Hiatt Rebecca Givan Carl Gothe Robin Grosshuesch Lynne Hancock Douglas Hart James Helder Steven Hiatt Grant Gladman Marilyn and Roger Tom Groth Peter Hand James Hart Jeffrey Helgeson Steven Hibshman Neil Gladstein Gottschalk Eric Grover Stephanie Handleman Joseph Hart Cindy Heller Rhoda Hickman Estelle Glarborg Colleen Graber Robert Groves Kristen Hanlon Margaret Hart and Roger Heller Arlene Hickory Richard D. 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Michelle Rebollo Marilyn Rickwald Wilbur Rodriques Kristine Ruckert Manuel Sanchez Doug Price Joan Ragan Grace Reckers Yvonne Ridgway Jason Rodulfa Donald L. Rucknagel Harlan Sandberg Matt Price Joe Ragazzo Jacqueline Record Jim Ridley Gary Roeder Dale Rudd Joseph Sanden Melina Price Dave Rager Earl L. Redding Shelley Ridout Paul M. Roen Kimberley Rudd David Sanders Paul Price Hal Rager Judith Redding Richard Riegel Steven Roesch Joshua Ruddy James Sanders Rick Price Donald R. Rahilly Frances Redick Rosemarie Rieger Andy Rogers James Rudicil Jim Sanders Bruce Pringle J. Thomas Raisner Elce Redmond Jeremy Riehle Celeste Rogers Heather Rudin Tim Sanders Tom Prins Suresh Rajat Sarah Redmond Lee Riemenschneider Kenneth J. Rogers Norman G. Rudman Zahra Sandhu Diane and Robert Frank Ralph Jeremiah Reece Jean Riesman Pamela Rogers Preston Rudy Gloria Meneses- Pritchard Dora and Vincent James R. Reed Saul Rigberg Ray Rogers Gayle Ruedi Sandoval David Proffitt Ramirez Jeff Reed Jessica Riley Thomas Rogers Michael Rufini Kenneth Sandow Caroline Propersi- Leonard Ramirez Jonathan Reed Joseph Riley William Rogers Lydia Ruhe Peter Sandstrom Grossman Alec Ramsay-Smith Tim Reed Maynard Riley Mark Rogge Hector Ruiz Laura Moe Sandwick Michael Proud Retus Ramsey Karen Reeder Nathan Riley Tom Rogusta Donna Rumsey Duane Sanger Todd Pruner William Ramsey Clint Reedy Rachel Riley Richard Rohde Jane Rundell Paul Sansaver James Pryor Ed Ramthun Charles R. Reese Rebecca Riley Ronald C. 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Sarafolean Donald Quick Jennifer Raper Robert Reid Ritchey, Jr. Mia and Lawrence Roop Clyde Rutan Helen Sargeant Gerald Quigley Dorri Raskin Pamela Reid-Brady John Ritchie Christopher Roosevelt David Rutledge David Sargent Jack Quigley Jim Rasmussen August Reil, Jr.^ Michael Ritchie Clayton Root Joel Rutstein James Sargent John Quigley Patricia Rasmussen Bob Reilly Mieka Ritsema Lily and Steve Ropeta Paul Rutter Richard Sarkisian Patrick Quinlan Paul Rasmussen Anthony Reiner Christopher Ritter Alma Rosado Rochelle Ruzicka Patti Sato Ethan Quinn Anton Rasmussen III Sheldon Reingold Clint Ritter Barbara Rose Cara Ryan Susan Sattel Martin Quinn Edie Ratcliff P. Ames Reinhold Daniel Ritter David Rose Johanna Ryan John Satter Nancy Quinn David Rathke Fred Reinman Patricia Ritter George Rose Mike Ryan Gaye Sauer Sarah Quinn Thomas Ratkos Elizabeth Remp Charlotte Rivard- Jane Rose Richard Ryan Paul Sauers Mishal Qureshi Bob Ratynski Gerardo Renique Hoster Josie Yanguas and Timothy Ryan Kathy and Harold Richard Rabin Mark Raulston Bill Resnick Christopher Rivero Carl Rosen Cynthia Rydahl Saunders Susan Raboy Tess Rauscher Stephen Retherford Virginia Rivers Josh Rosenau Devin Rydel Kelly Richard Saunders Michael Rack Carla Rautenberg Vernon Rettig Gary Robbins Joseph Rydholm Sue Sauvageau THANK YOU FOR SUPPORTING INDEPENDENT MEDIA

44 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 THANK YOU TO IN THESE TIMES’ 2020 DONORS

Andre Sauvageot David Schultz Erin Shackel Eugene Sim Linda and Ken Smith Patricia and Arwen Scott Stevens Jack Sawyer John Schultz George Shadlock Anita Simansky Lucas Smith Spicer Mallory Stevenson Jocelyn Sawyer Richard Schultz Howard Shafer Tod Simerly Matt Smith Elizabeth Spiegel Dimitris Stevis Paul Sawyer Robert Schultz Marilyn Shafer Linda M. Simkin Mimi Smith Si Spiegel Braden Stewart David Saxon Benjamin Schulz Thomas Shaffer Gwendolyn Simmons Nadine Smith Ardell Spiers Carlyle Stewart Barbara Sayres Michael Schumacher Jameson Shank Louise Simmons Paulette Smith W. Carl Spiller Charles Stewart Stephen Scalmanini Abigail Sylvester and John Shankey Donna Simms Priscilla Smith Michael Spinello James Stewart Tineka Scalzo Matt Schuneman Kate Shannon Justin Simon Richard Smith Amanda Spletter Katherine Stewart Frank Scarpa Owen Schur Larney Shannon Peter Simon Robert C. 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Stine Gary Schenk Harlan Schwonek Gerald Shechter Ann Sink Snoeyenbos Michael Burke Lucy Stinson Abby Scher and Ben Scott Joseph Sheehan Josh Sinton Laurie Snyder Stansbury Caroline Stites Greg Tewksbury Daniel Scott Patricia Sheely Gary Sipe Robert Snyder David Stanton Robert Stocco Gerry Scher Elisabeth Scott Jon Shefner David Sitrick Francisco Soares Rebecca Stanton Phillip Stock Daniel Scherer Frank Scott Simin and Afra John Sitter Deborah Socolar Alice and Kirk Stapp Sebastian Stockman Gary Scherer Gregory Scott Shekarloo Charles Sitterson Miriam Socoloff Barbara Starck Michael Stocks Liz Schermer Jeanne Scott Richard Shelp James Skagen Stina Soderling Jeremy Starck Judy Stockton Warren Scheunemann Stephanie Scott Bruce Shenitz Margie Skelly Leo Solar Sandra Stark Norman Stockwell Meghan Schiber Tammy Scott Firas Shennib Aubrey Skillman Simon Solar Michael Starosciak Mirrah Stoller Lisa Schiff Bernard Scoville Roger Shepard Jerry Skinner John Solari Victor Starr Kate Stolpman Daniel Schiller Steve Seaborg Robert Shephard Thomas Skinner Rachael Solem Jan Stautz-Hamlin Mark Stoltz Ximena Gomez Shay Seaborne Kathy Sheridan Larry Sklaney Kellie Solliday Rebecca St.Clair James Stolz Schimpf and George J. 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Slavick Barry Solow Judy Steele Richard Storck Evan Schmeits Rabah Seffal Michele Shimek David Slavin Fred Solowey Michael Steele Diane Storti Alexander Schmidt Sam Segraves Caroline Shine Frank Sleeper Jessica Soltys Henry Steen David Story Dennis Schmidt Timothy Segraves John Shipley Jesse Small Pia Solywoda William Steen David Stovall Jon Schmidt Tom Seibel Bill Shockley Sandra Small Martin Sonkin Stuart Steers David Stovel Tracy Schmidt Shannon and David Viki Short Michael Smalz Jett Sophia Alfred Stefanik Michael Straight Michael F. Schmit Seiberling Timothy Shortell James Smead Kaitlin Sopoci-Belknap James Stefanko Irma H. Strantz G. Jon Schmitt Edward Seidler Katherine Showalter Scott O. Smedberg Jeffrey Sorensen Mike Steigerwald Dan Straub Peter Schmitt Mark Seifert Barbara and Michael Louis Smiley Jennifer Sorensen David Steinberg Steve Strausbaugh Robert Schmitz Martha Mary Seigel Shpizner Benjamin Smith Lewis Sotnick Marcus Steinfelds Susan L. 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Stubblefield Phyllis and Fred Schoen Steven Serikaku Donald Sidney-Fryer Greg Smith Kyle Sparks Karen Sterling Scott Stuckman Gary Schoichet Mark Serlin Anna Siebach-Larsen Home Smith Michael Sparks Holly Badgley and Calvin Sturgies Leonard Schreiber Naomi Serotoff Daniel Siegel Jack Smith Jack Spear Peter Stern Karl Stutz Manfred Schrepel Andrew Sessions Brenna Silbory James Smith Jeanne Spears Jeffrey Stern Stephen J. Stutzbach Bob Schroeder Christine Severino Anne Silver Jennifer Smith Paul Specht Seth Stern Dennis Stylc Gregory Schroeder Mitchell Sevigny Patricia Silver Kent Smith Matthew Specter Carolina Sternberg Jonathan Sudbury Cyprienne Schroeppel Frankie Sevilla Ruth Silverberg Larry Smith Steve Speir Janet Stetcher Gregory Suhr Nanci Schubert Mitchell Sewald Janell Silves Latacia Smith Daniel Spencer Judith Stetson Tom Suhrbur Douglas Schuler Ronald Seymour James Silvestri Leonard Smith Janice Speth Elaine Stevens ChristiAnne Sullivan Robert Schuler Mark Sfeir William Silvola Linda Smith Peter Stevens M.J. Sullivan

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 45 THANK YOU TO IN THESE TIMES’ 2020 DONORS

Natalie Sullivan Trish Taylor Milana Tomec Robert Turner III Robert Velez Connie Walkerpearson Jan Weisbart Robert E. Sullivan Regi Teasley John Tomlinson Roger Turner Erica Vendetti Robert Wall Edith Weiss Sharon Sullivan Art Techlow Ryan Tompkins Kathleen Turonek Mario Venegas Don Wallace Neil Weiss Terry Sullivan Steve Teigen Stacy Tompkins Bill Tuttle Nicole Ventura Freddie Wallace Peter Weiss Zoe Sullivan Jaime Telles Andrew Tonachel Mary Tuttlebee Frank Vernberg Gary Wallace Russell Weiss-Irwin Jonathan H. Summer Zachary Tellman Jeffrey Toobin Basil Twist Alexandria Vester John Wallace Linda Weitz Mary Summers Raymond Templeman Sharon Tool J. Russell Tyldesley Frank Viering Keith Wallace David Welch Rob Sumner John J. Templeton, Sr. Robert Toon Anton Tyler Michael Vierthaler Donald Wallin Polly A. Weldon Timothy Sumner Rita Ter Sarkissoff Jill Topper George Tyson Andrea and Darren Walloch Jan Wells Loraine Sundberg Dan Terkell Tara Torgusson Jeff Ubois Gerald Vigue Steve Walls Thomas Wells Marian Sunde Michael Terrana Naida and Nicholas Anthony Udell Alexander Villarreal Ariel Walsh Barbara Welsh Sara Sunstein Senai Tesfagiorgis Torrens Susan Udin Bernie Villasenor Cheryl Walsh Dale Welsh George Suppes Angela Testino Patricia Torrilhon Tevita Uhatafe Ray Vintilla James Walsh Larry Wendell Gerald Surh Betsy Tettelbach Steven Torstveit James R. Ukockis David Virnala Cameron Walter Eric Wenner David A. Surrey Randall Thaden Victoria Touati Kristine Ulrich Valeria Vital Grant Walter Mark and Judy Wenzel Jan Susler Robert Thatcher Brandon Tourino Louise Ulrich Irene Vitullo William Walters Jake Werner Ross Sutherland Stephanie Thaw Collinsworth Kathleen Underwood Juan Manuel Wendy and Scott Wands Jon Wesenberg Scott Sutton Jeffrey Theinert Nancy Tout Deborah Unger Artes Vivancos Samantha Wanta Frank West Stacey Sutton L. Thielen Paul Tracy Ron Unger Estelle Voeller Anne Ward Adam Westerman Gunnel Svensson Alexander Thistlewood Sharon Tracy Cindy Upchurch Neal Voelz Jasper Ward Chris Westfall Amanda Swanson Kathy Tholin and William Traetow Robin Upton Sukeforth Patrick Vogel Matthew Ward Wesley Westmeyer Marla Swanson Steve Starr Frank Traficante Luis Uribe Timothy Vogel Shirley and Jack Ward Tamson Weston Paul Swartz Alan Thomas Stephen Tramel Dominick Usher Carla and Michael William Ward Alexandra Westrich Tom Swartzel Anthony Thomas Gary Trammel Brenda Usher Carpino Voissem Randy Wardlow John Wetherhold Richard Sweade Charlotte Thomas Linda Tran Patricia Vachon Arthur Volanth Cynthia Warneke Selena Wheat Kevin Sweat David Thomas Lori Trani Dennis Vail Markus Vold Janet Warner Molly Wheeler Dudley Swedberg Hillary Thomas Herbert A. Trask Ezio Valdevit Karl J. Volk Joshua Warner Ryan Wherley Casey Sweeney Madeline Thomas Robert Travaline Michel Valentin David Volker Lynn Warner Carol White Gregory Sweeney Mona Thomas Mary Trawick Andy Valeri Dax Volle Monika Warner David White James Sweeney Stephen Thomas Paul Treadwell Ashton Valerio Karen and Tim Robert Warren Eric White Emily Swenson Steve Thomas Edward Treanor Matthew Valnes VonderBrink Cheryl Washington James White Leslie Swieck William Thomas John Treat Fern and Herbert Swanhild Voneida Elizabeth Washington Mark White James Swift Judith and S.L. Rob Treichler Van Gieson Steve Vose Scott Wasserman Peter White Sue Swilley Thomashow Dale Treleven Douglas Van Horn Beverley and Tom Voss Tomohisa Watanabe Rob White Robert Swope Barbara Thompson Tom Tresser Carolina Van Stone Douglas Voss Colleen Waterhouse William Whiteman Ria and Joseph Sybille David Thompson Roberto R. Trevino Pamela Van Wyk Dustin Voss James Waterman Robert Whiteside Clay Sylvester Gerald Thompson Bethene Trexel and William Van Wyke Andre Voumard Gary Watkins Evan Whitfield Wanda Synnestvedt John Thompson Jonathan Tenney Jackson Vance Steve Vozel Josh Watkins Guy Whitman Kathryn Syssoyeva Mary Thompson Libby Trezise Donald Vandehei An Vu Hal Watt William L. Whitson Debby Szeredy Michael Thompson Wendy Tribbett-Abrams Peter Vandelft Kathie Wachholder Linda Watts Thomas Whittenbarger Deborah Szeredy Sally-Alice Thompson Charles Tricou Ann Vandeman Donlon Wade Ronald Wawrin Lee Whittle Jacob Sznajder Steve Thompson Marjorie Trifon Guy Vandenberg James Wade Jerrold Waxman Jean Wiant and Kacper Szozda Elizabeth Thomson Dominic Triglia Mary Vanderbeck Michael Wade William Webb Frederick Smith William Tabb Larry Thorne Manny Trinidad Elizabeth and William Jack Wadkins Charles Weber Paul Wiechman Richard Taber Gloria Thornhill Wendell Tripp Vandercook Jared Wagenknecht Devra Weber Jacob Wiedemer Barry Taft Art Thornton Anthony Troiano Harry Vanderlinden Charles Wagner Joanne Weber Nancy Wiegardt Isamu Taguchi Teresa Thornton Davis Dawayne Tropple James Vanderpol Diane Wagner Kayla Weber Noe Wiener Katherine Tait Christian Thorsen Andrew Troshan Sarah Vanderwicken Dietrich Eugene Mark Weber Bradford Wight Julia Takarada Robert Throckmorton Andrew Trott Kay Vanlaanen Wagner Monica Weber Ted Wightman Else-Marie Talboys Seth Thunder Leland R. Trotter Daniel Vanparis Robert Wagner Richard Weber Norma Wigutoff Lorena Tamayo John Thurber Linda Troy John Vanpelt Sharon Wahl Robert Weber Lionel Wilcox Jeff Tangel Lucas Thurston Barry Truchil Hector Vara Sarah Waite Elizabeth Webster Tom Wilde Fran Tanner Doug Tickner George Trudeau Ada Vargas Matthew Wakefield Peter Wechsler Cynthia Wilder Eira Tansey Kenneth Timlin Ray Trudell Richard Varney Gail Waldeck Robin Weder Eric Wiley Betsy Tao Rebecca A. Tinsley William Truex Kevin Varzandeh Fred Waldsmith Alice Weed-Zeigler Richard Wilhelm Brandon Taper Allan Tissari Joel S. Truman Melanie Vasa Alexander Walker Jason Weeks Lynn Wilhite Vince Tarsitano Jeri L Titus Rosemary Trump Andre Vasquez Arnold Walker Kevin Wehba Don Wilke Guido Tassitano Kenneth Tkentet Joanie Trussel Paul Vasquez Barbara Walker Robert Weick Warren Wilke Alan Tatelman Christopher Toal Christine Tsan Carlos E. Vauclin Constance Walker Betsy and Richard Joseph Wilkinson Ann Tattersall Ramiro Tobar Leonard Tschirhart Benjamin Vaughn Donna Walker Weidman Richard Wilkof Adam Taylor Clare Tobin Walter Tsou Devin Vaughn Donovan Walker Bethany Weidner Eugene G. Willem Ellen E. Taylor Margaret Tobin Thomas Tsuneta Lisa Vayda Hugh Walker Peter Weil James Willems Freddie Taylor Valerie Tobin Roger Tuan Rodrigo Vazquez Jeff Walker Thomas Weinberg Barbara Willer Jane Taylor Levi Todd Kathleen Tucker Melissa Veenhuizen Joan Walker Nicholas Weiner Nora Willi Marilyn Taylor William Tollard Uygar Tunay Linda Veiga Lauren Walker Kate Weingart Ajoke Williams Mark Taylor Dean Tollefson Evan Turco Jim Veitl Russell Walker Gabriel Weinstein Andrea Williams Rose Taylor Charles Tomaras Charles Turk Jose Vela Sam Walker Harvey Weinstock Austin Williams Tim Taylor Richard Tomasulo Barbara Turner Joel Velez Thomas Walker Matthew Weir Barbara J. Williams

46 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 Brett Williams Karen A. Willyoung Lorraine Winstead Goetz Wolff Robert Wright Thomas Yunick James Zieba Carol Williams Georgann Wilmot Welby Winstead Chris Wolford T. Wright Robert Yutzy Edward Zieda Christina Williams Ben Wilson Lee Winston Robert Wolfreys Jason Wu Bobbi Zabel Dean Ziegel Corey Williams Carole Wilson Grace Wire James Wolken Janet Wyatt Carolyn Zablotny Ken Ziegler Debora Williams Daniel Wilson Karen Wirth Peter P. Wolynec Louis Xigogianis Judith Zaccone Bob Ziehl Dolores Williams David Wilson Lucinda Wise Karl Wonderlin Andrew Yale John Zaffle Mike Zielinski George Williams David G. Wilson Kenneth Wishnia Calvin Wong Yosh Yamanaka Yevgen Zagudaev Gloria and Dale Gerald Williams Grant Wilson Sally Wistrand David Wood Robert Yanabu Matt Zahn Ziesemer James Williams Jenni Wilson Jacob Wittich Lauren Wood Stephen Yang David Zaiss Edmond Zifra Lorraine Williams John Karl Wilson Walter Wittshirk Michael Wood Stefanopoulos Yannis Marcus Zajdel Dennis Zilinski Marci Williams Leland Wilson Heidi Witucki William Wood Charlotte Yates Stanley Zak Bob Zimmer Maria B. Williams Levi Wilson Juliana Wobser Anna Woodbury Joseph Yates Mark Zalona Anne Zimmerman Paul Williams Linda Wilson Gayl P. Woityra Claudia Woodman Ching Yeh Chen Jane Zanca Bruce Zimmerman Paula Williams-Engel Nancy Wilson Mark Wojcik Harold Woodman Ellen Yenawine Shane Zarintash Daniel Zimmerman and Dennis Engel Rand Wilson Tom Wojtusik Austin Woodward Susan Yessne Alan Zasada Jan Zimmerman Roger Williams Richard Wilson Brea Wolcott Patricia Woodworth John Yingling Lucy and Richard and Jay Weber Sartor Williams Robert Wilson Eleanor Wolf T.E. Woolfolk Liz Yokas Zaslow Steve Zimmermann Scott Williams Walter Wilson Elizabeth Wolf Mark Wooton Barbara Young Diana Zavala David Zink Teresa Williams William Wimsatt George E. Wolf Nancy Worcester Beth Young Robert Zecker Jim Ziolkowski Walter Williams Bradley Winch Karen Wolf David Wormser Georgia Young Nathaniel Zeff Cindy Zucker Lynne Williamson Jill Wine-Banks Mike Wolf Jan Worth James Young Peter Zeftel Nancy Zucker Ed Willis Christine Elk Winick Whitney Wolf Daniel Woznica Norman Young Kristen Zehner Adrian Zupp Meredith Willis Joanna Winship John Wolfe David Wright Robert Young Susan Zeiger Robert C. Zusin Malcolm Robert Willison Alex Winske Nancy Wolfe Diana Wright Susan Yount Thomas Zeller Patrick Zwick Marilynn Wills Philip Winsor Donald Wolff Evan Wright Nicholas G. Yuen Mel Zellman Tatiana Zybin

Dear Reader, As we put together this issue of the magazine, I imagine readers like you flipping through the pages—perhaps dragging your finger down the list of 7,081 names—to find your own. Your name is included to thank you for making In These Times possible in the chaotic year that was 2020. When the pandemic broke, advertising revenue waned, and many journalism outlets were forced to reduce their coverage or stop publishing altogether. As a reader-supported publication, In These Times was able to escape this fate. Thanks entirely to supporters like you, we not only survived 2020, but we did not miss send- ing a single issue to press. I trust that our gratitude for your support radiates off the pages of this issue. In 2021, the continuation of your support is key to the amplification of the broader progressive movement. With each donation you make, In These Times is able to connect readers like you with the causes you care about most: the rights of working people, access to healthcare, institutional racism, climate change com- placency and more. That’s why we will keep asking for your contributions, this year and beyond. Your donations are one way in which you make this world a better place, and our solicitations for support are a reminder that a better world is possible. Whether or not you find your name in this issue today, I hope you share in the belief that the fight for a better tomorrow is worth supporting. If so, please consider using the donation envelope in this issue to make a donation right now. Thank you again for all you do to support In These Times. —Lauren Kostoglanis, Development Director

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APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 47 CULTURE

rtist Charlotte Corden was so inspired by Alisse Waterston’s 2017 farewell address as president of the Ameri- can Anthropological As- sociation, given to about 1,000 anthropologists, that she spent the rest of her evening Aillustrating what she had heard—a meditation on the works of several epochal writers and thinkers. From those drawings, the idea for a graph- ic novel emerged: Light in Dark Times: The Human Search for Meaning. The crises of climate change, poverty and vast social inequity (among others) can feel overwhelming. An- thropologists hold that their study of humankind can lend critical understanding to help effect real change. Light in Dark Times offers one such attempt, explaining how anthropology can help navigate the perilous now. This excerpt from the book reflects on the work of German-Jewish author and philosopher Hannah Arendt. ALISSE WATERSTON (writer) is a cultural anthropologist and chair of the department of anthropology at John Jay College of Crimi- nal Justice. Author of six books, including the award-winning My Father’s Wars: Migration, Memory and the Violence of a Century, Wa- terston studies the human consequences of systemic inequalities. She served as president of the American Anthropological Asso- ciation (2015-2017).

CHARLOTTE CORDEN (illustrator) is an artist who explores the power of handdrawn images to reveal and describe complex truths in social science research. She earned a master’s in anthropology from University College London. She has worked with the Young Foundation, British Cabinet Office and National Health Service. Corden studied fine arts at the London Fine Art Studios and the Art Students League of New York.

48 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 CULTURE

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 49 50 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 51 52 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 53 COMICS

MATT BORS

54 IN THESE TIMES + APRIL 2021 COMICS MATT LUBCHANSKY JEN SORENSEN

TOM TOMORROW

APRIL 2021 = IN THESE TIMES 55 THESE TIMES THOSE TIMES PERSON he Biden administration reiterated its aim, in February, to close the prison at Guantánamo Bay by the time President Joe Biden COMMUNITY leaves office. Human rights advocates might be forgiven for their GITMO HAS skepticism. President Barack Obama also promised to close the site in Cuba, and he significantly reduced the number of people held there, but Congress kept the prison open. Today, the facility Tdetains 40 people; many of them are detained without charge or trial. GOT TO GO Back in 2009, Eric Lewis warned In These Times readers that closing Gitmo was not enough—that if the United States wants to reaffirm the THIS MONTH rule of law, it must ensure that all of its prisoners are given due process. The following is an excerpt from that story, exploring what was (and LATE CAPITALISM what remains) at stake.

IN 2009, ERIC LEWIS WROTE: To mark a true break ness. These men should be put on trial in our from the policies of the [President George W.] criminal courts. Bush years, the Obama administration must re- … [President Barack Obama] should end these solve some lingering questions. military commissions, which fail to provide the First, what will happen to [Gitmo] detainees who basic rights of our civilian or traditional military cannot be returned to their home countries? justice system. There are about 65 to 85 detainees now held at It is also vital that steps are taken to assure Guantánamo who have been “cleared for release.” that evidence has not been obtained by torture, That is, they have been found not to have commit- and that the defendants have the right to con- ted crimes and not to pose a threat of future dan- front evidence against them and to have access ger. … As a first priority, the Obama administration to exculpatory evidence that the criminal justice should work with allies to get these men—some system provides. Below: of whom have been incarcerated for nearly seven ... [Last],will the system change or only the [pris- Eric Lewis years—out of jail and resettled, and accept some of on location]? wrote “Closing these detainees into the United States. ... The Obama administration must make clear America’s Torture Chambers” for the Second, what will happen to the detainees who that, once out of an active war zone, prisoners March 2009 issue cannot be charged with crimes but have been under U.S. control will be given appropriate proof In These Times. viewed as “ too dangerous to release”? cess and held at sites where the conditions of No doubt there are dangerous men captivity are humane and transparent. … [I]t at Guantánamo. Yet only 21 have is important that detainees are not brought en been charged with crimes. The Pen- masse to Afghanistan or other places where the tagon is holding the rest—about 70 government will argue that detainees lack fun- to 80 detainees—in preventive de- damental rights because they are in a war zone tention, which means a special court or outside U.S. sovereignty. may have to consider whether they What is critical is not only the end of should be held. But a preventive Guantánamo, the place and the symbol, but also detention court is fundamentally Guantánamo as a parallel legal world that is anath- incompatible with our criminal jus- ema to American values and the rule of law. Many tice system, which adjudicates the of the 245 men who remain are now marking their culpability of past acts rather than seventh year in captivity. The closure should be predictions of future dangerous- done carefully but quickly. ...

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