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June 2009 MONTHLY MEETING : PLEASE PAY YOUR DUES: WHEN? Monday, June 22, 2009 – the Fourth Monday of in Accordance with the By-Laws, Dues, in the the Month
Spore-Addct The Newsletter of the Pikes PeakTime Mycological Society 1974 – 2009 Vol. XXXV ISSUE 3 June 2009 MONTHLY MEETING : PLEASE PAY YOUR DUES: WHEN? Monday, June 22, 2009 – The fourth Monday of In accordance with the By-laws, dues, in the the month. amount of $15.00, are due and payable on or before the April monthly meeting. If you still WHAT TIME? 6:30 pm; the meeting will come to order at have not paid, please pay at the June meeting or 7:00 pm. mail the payment to PPMS, PO Box 39, Colorado Springs, CO 80901-0039. Thanks! WHERE? Pikes Peak National Bank, 2401 W. Colorado Ave. (across from Bancroft Park). Enter at the door on Colorado Ave., just west of the bank door. There you will find stairs and an elevator. You may use either. The FORAY REPORT: room is on the second floor near the head of the stairs. May 30th 2009: Ten of us (including 2 newcomers to WEBSITE: http://www.pikespeakmushrooms.com/ PPMS) gathered at the Red Rocks Safeway parking lot at 8:30 a.m. All had either been contacted by e-mail or PROGRAM: personal phone call. All club forays will be scheduled like this. Our eager forayers found only 6 small morels, A NAMA Educational Program: 2 L.B.Ms, and some dubious polypors. We did come “Guide to the Major Genera of Gilled Mushrooms: The across 6 Calypso orchids (unaccompanied by morels). Light Spored Mushrooms I: Pluteaceae, Pleurotaceae, It was a beautiful day on Rampart Range Road. Rain Entolomataceae, Marasmiaceae and Others” and warmer temperatures have brought out city This program covers the best edible and most mushrooms galore. -
Screening of Potentially Genotoxic Impurities in Pharmaceuticals by LC-MS and CE-MS
Screening of potentially genotoxic impurities in pharmaceuticals by LC-MS and CE-MS Screening van potentieel genotoxische onzuiverheden in farmaceutische producten met LC-MS en CE-MS (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge van het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 21 november 2016 des middags te 2.30 uur. door Anthonius Maria van Wijk geboren op 3 juli 1968 te Oostflakkee Promotor: Prof. dr. G.J. de Jong Copromotor: Dr. H.A.G. Niederländer Index Chapter 1 Introduction 5 Chapter 2 The potential for screening of potentially genotoxic impurities 19 in pharmaceutical products Chapter 3 A new approach for generic screening and quantitation of 71 potential genotoxic alkylation compounds by pre-column derivatization and LC-MS/MS analysis Chapter 4 A new derivatization reagent for LC–MS/MS screening of 91 potential genotoxic alkylation compounds Chapter 5 Capillary electrophoresis – mass spectrometry for impurity 115 profiling of basic pharmaceuticals using non-volatile background electrolytes Chapter 6 Sensitive CE-MS analysis of potentially genotoxic alkylation 137 compounds using derivatization and electrokinetic injection Chapter 7 Summary and general conclusions 159 Summary in Dutch/Nederlandse samenvatting 174 Curriculum Vitae 182 List of publications 183 Acknowledgements/Dankwoord 184 Chapter 1 Introduction 5 Chapter 1 1.1 Control of genotoxic impurities Trace analysis of potential genotoxic impurities (PGIs) is one of the greatest challenges in pharmaceutical analysis. Traces of toxic impurities, i.e. -
Forest Fungi in Ireland
FOREST FUNGI IN IRELAND PAUL DOWDING and LOUIS SMITH COFORD, National Council for Forest Research and Development Arena House Arena Road Sandyford Dublin 18 Ireland Tel: + 353 1 2130725 Fax: + 353 1 2130611 © COFORD 2008 First published in 2008 by COFORD, National Council for Forest Research and Development, Dublin, Ireland. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from COFORD. All photographs and illustrations are the copyright of the authors unless otherwise indicated. ISBN 1 902696 62 X Title: Forest fungi in Ireland. Authors: Paul Dowding and Louis Smith Citation: Dowding, P. and Smith, L. 2008. Forest fungi in Ireland. COFORD, Dublin. The views and opinions expressed in this publication belong to the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect those of COFORD. i CONTENTS Foreword..................................................................................................................v Réamhfhocal...........................................................................................................vi Preface ....................................................................................................................vii Réamhrá................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgements...............................................................................................ix -
Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Hydrazines As Possible Cancer Causative Agents
[CANCER RESEARCH 35, 3693-3697 December 1975] Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Hydrazines as Possible Cancer Causative Agents Bela Toth' The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 SUMMARY SYNTHETIC HYDRAZINES The various synthetic substituted hydrazines, which cause tumors in animals, are briefly enumerated. To date, 19 of Studies on the carcinogenic potentialities of synthetic them have proved to be tumorigenic in animals. A number substituted hydrazines began in 1962, when it was shown of these chemicals are found today in the environment, in that the base compound hydrazine sulfate induced lung industry, in agriculture, and in medicine, and the human neoplasms in mice (1). Subsequently, a series of hydrazine population is exposed to a certain degree to some of them. derivatives were investigated in various laboratories for Hydrazine also occurs in nature in tobacco and tobacco tumor-inducing capabilities. These studies clearly demon smoke. The three other naturally occurring hydrazine strated that these chemicals are indeed powerful tumori compounds are N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine, which oc genic substances in mice, hamsters, and rats, due to their curs in the wild edible mushroom, Gyromitra esculenta, tumor-inducing abilities in the intestines, brain, lungs, and @-N-[―y-L(+)-glutamylJ-4-hydroxymethylphenyl blood vessels, liver, breasts, kidneys, etc. Now, we know of hydrazine and 4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine, whkh 19 hydrazine derivatives that have been shown to be tumor are found in the commonly eaten cultivated mushroom, inducers. These include, in addition to hydrazine (1, 32), Agaricus bisporus. Tumorigenesis studies with the natu methyl- (35, 40), 1,2-dimethyl- (6, 27, 36, 46, 52), 1,1- rally occurring hydrazines are in progress. -
Hydrazine 1 Hydrazine
Hydrazine 1 Hydrazine Hydrazine Identifiers [1] CAS number 302-01-2 , 7803-57-8 (hydrate) [2] EC number 206-114-9 UN number 2029 (anhydrous) 2030 (aq. soln., 37–64%) 3293 (aq. soln., <37%) RTECS number MU7175000 Properties Molecular formula N H 2 4 Molar mass 32.05 g/mol (anhydrous) 50.06 g/mol (hydrate) Appearance Colourless liquid Density 1.0045 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 1.032 g/cm3 (hydrate) Melting point 1 °C (274 K, anhydrous) -51.7 °C (hydrate) Boiling point 114 °C (387 K), anhydrous 119 °C (hydrate) Solubility in water miscible Acidity (pK ) 8.1 a Refractive index (n ) [3] D 1.46044 (22 °C, anhydrous) 1.4284 (hydrate) Viscosity 0.876 cP (25 °C) Structure Hydrazine 2 Molecular shape pyramidal at N [4] Dipole moment 1.85 D Hazards [5] MSDS ICSC 0281 EU Index 007-008-00-3 EU classification Carc. Cat. 2 Toxic (T) Corrosive (C) Dangerous for the environment (N) R-phrases R45, R10, R23/24/25, R34, R43, R50/53 S-phrases S53, S45, S60, S61 NFPA 704 Flash point 52 °C Autoignition 24–270 °C (see text) temperature Explosive limits 1.8–100% LD [6] 50 59–60 mg/kg (oral in rats, mice) Related compounds Related nitrogen hydrides Ammonia Hydrazoic acid Related compounds monomethylhydrazine dimethylhydrazine phenylhydrazine [7] (what is this?) (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references Hydrazine is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula N H . It is a colourless liquid with an 2 4 ammonia-like odor and is derived from the same industrial chemistry processes that manufacture ammonia. -
SOMA NEWS EDITOR Tom Cruckshank [email protected] Meet at Woodside Campground in Salt Point State Park at 10 AM
VOLUME 22 ISSUE 1 September 2009 SOMA IS AN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION DEDICATED TO MYCOLOGY. WE ENCOURAGE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS BY SHARING OUR ENTHUSIASM THROUGH PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND GUIDED FORAYS. 2009/2010 SPEAKER OF THE MONTH SEASON CALENDAR David Campbell September Sept. 17th » Meeting—7pm September 17th—7pm—Farm Bureau Sonoma County Farm Bureau Speaker: David Campbell Rocky Monsoon Mushrooms: Foray Sept. 19th » Salt Point A peek at summer fungi of southwestern Colorado October avid Campbell… has been collecting, studying, eating, teaching and writing about Oct. 15th » Meeting—7pm D wild mushrooms for 40 years. He has served many years on the council of the Sonoma County Farm Bureau Mycological Society of San Francisco (MSSF), including 2 years as president. For many Speaker: Don Hemmes years, David has served the San Francisco Poison Control Center for mushroom poisoning incident response in Marin County and the greater Bay Area. With a primary Foray Oct. 17th » Salt Point focus on edible and poisonous mushrooms, he leads innumerable fungal forays for November MSSF and the Sonoma Mycological Association (SOMA). David was foray leader and event facilitator for several years at author David Arora's annual mycological field Nov. 20th » Meeting—7pm seminars. As an expert mycophagist (one who safely eats a wide variety of wild Sonoma County Farm Bureau mushrooms) and experienced outdoor group foray leader, David is ‘Foray Director’ for Speaker: TBA Wild About Mushrooms Company, guiding organized wild mushroom adventures, locally Foray Nov. 21st » Salt Point and afar. He recently formed his own company, MycoVentures, Inc., expanding his horizons to include the rest of the planet, for events such as Porcini hunts in the December Potluck on the 11th. -
(10) Patent No.: US 8119385 B2
US008119385B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,119,385 B2 Mathur et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 21, 2012 (54) NUCLEICACIDS AND PROTEINS AND (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................ 435/212:530/350 METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING THEMI (58) Field of Classification Search ........................ None (75) Inventors: Eric J. Mathur, San Diego, CA (US); See application file for complete search history. Cathy Chang, San Diego, CA (US) (56) References Cited (73) Assignee: BP Corporation North America Inc., Houston, TX (US) OTHER PUBLICATIONS c Mount, Bioinformatics, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Har (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this bor New York, 2001, pp. 382-393.* patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Spencer et al., “Whole-Genome Sequence Variation among Multiple U.S.C. 154(b) by 689 days. Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa” J. Bacteriol. (2003) 185: 1316 1325. (21) Appl. No.: 11/817,403 Database Sequence GenBank Accession No. BZ569932 Dec. 17. 1-1. 2002. (22) PCT Fled: Mar. 3, 2006 Omiecinski et al., “Epoxide Hydrolase-Polymorphism and role in (86). PCT No.: PCT/US2OO6/OOT642 toxicology” Toxicol. Lett. (2000) 1.12: 365-370. S371 (c)(1), * cited by examiner (2), (4) Date: May 7, 2008 Primary Examiner — James Martinell (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2006/096527 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Kalim S. Fuzail PCT Pub. Date: Sep. 14, 2006 (57) ABSTRACT (65) Prior Publication Data The invention provides polypeptides, including enzymes, structural proteins and binding proteins, polynucleotides US 201O/OO11456A1 Jan. 14, 2010 encoding these polypeptides, and methods of making and using these polynucleotides and polypeptides. -
Toxic Fungi of Western North America
Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms ..................................................................................... -
Trail Key to Common Agaricus Species of the Central California Coast
Trial Key to Common Agaricus Species of the Central California Coast* By Fred Stevens A. Cap and stipe lacking color changes when cut or bruised, odors not distinctive; not yellowing with KOH (3% potassium hydroxide). Also keyed out here are three species with faint or atypical color reactions: Agaricus hondensis and A. californicus which yellow faintly when bruised or with KOH, and Agaricus subrutilescens, which has a cap context that turns greenish with KOH. ......................Key A AA. Cap and stipe flesh reddening or yellowing when bruised or injured, the yellowing reaction enhanced with KOH; odors variable from that of anise, phenol, brine, to that of “mushrooms.” ........ B B. Cap and stipe context reddish-brown, orange-brown to pinkish- brown when cut or injured; not yellowing in KOH with one exception: the cap and context of Agaricus arorae, turns pinkish-brown when cut, but also yellows faintly with KOH, this species is also keyed out here. ...Key B BB. Cap and stipe yellowing when bruised, either rapidly or slowly; yellowing also with KOH; odor either pleasant of anise or almonds, or unpleasant, like that of phenol ............................... C C. Cap margin and/or stipe base yellowing rapidly when bruised, but soon fading; odor unpleasant, phenolic or like that of library paste; yellowing reaction enhanced with KOH, but not strong in Agaricus hondensis and A. californicus; .........................Key C CC. Cap and stipe yellowing slowly when bruised, the color change persistent; odor pleasant: of anise, almonds, or “old baked goods;” also yellowing with KOH; .............................. Key D 1 Key A – Species lacking obvious color changes and distinctive odors A. -
Influence of Storage and Household Processing on the Agaritine Content of the Cultivated Agaricus Mushroom
Food Additives and Contaminants, 2002, Vol. 19, No. 9, 853±862 In¯uence of storage and household processing on the agaritine content of the cultivated Agaricus mushroom V. Schulzova , J. HajsÏ lova *, R. Peroutka , J. (around 10% left after 2 h). Dry baking of the y y y Gry‡ and H. C. Andersson} cultivated mushroom, a process similar to pizza baking, Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Food Chemistry y reduced the agaritine content by approximately 25%, and Analysis, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; whereas frying in oil or butter or deep frying resulted in ‡ Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Mùrkhùj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Sùborg, Denmark; } National Food Administration, a more marked reduction (35±70%). Microwave pro- Box 622, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden. cessing of the cultivated mushrooms reduced the agar- itine content to one-third of the original level. Thus, the exposure to agaritine was substantially less when (Received 20 June 2001; revised 3 May 2002; accepted 19 consuming processed Agaricus mushrooms as com- May 2002) pared with consuming the raw mushrooms. However, it is not yet known to what extent agaritine and other Agaritine (N-(g-l(+)-glutamyl)-4-hydroxymethyl- phenylhydrazin e derivatives occurring in the cultivated phenylhydrazine ) was identi®ed and quanti®ed by mushroom are degraded into other biologically active high-pressure liquid chromatography and used as a compounds during the cooking procedure. marker for the occurrence of phenylhydrazine deriva- tives in the cultivated Agaricus bitorquis and A. garicus hortensis mushrooms. Although relatively high Keywords : agaritine, Agaricus, Agaricus bitorquis, levels of agaritine (around 700 mg kg±1) could be found Agaricus hortensis, storage, household processing, in freshly harvested A. -
2 the Numbers Behind Mushroom Biodiversity
15 2 The Numbers Behind Mushroom Biodiversity Anabela Martins Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, School of Agriculture (IPB-ESA), Portugal 2.1 Origin and Diversity of Fungi Fungi are difficult to preserve and fossilize and due to the poor preservation of most fungal structures, it has been difficult to interpret the fossil record of fungi. Hyphae, the vegetative bodies of fungi, bear few distinctive morphological characteristicss, and organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algal groups, and oomycetes can easily be mistaken for them (Taylor & Taylor 1993). Fossils provide minimum ages for divergences and genetic lineages can be much older than even the oldest fossil representative found. According to Berbee and Taylor (2010), molecular clocks (conversion of molecular changes into geological time) calibrated by fossils are the only available tools to estimate timing of evolutionary events in fossil‐poor groups, such as fungi. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic fungi from the division Glomeromycota, gen- erally accepted as the phylogenetic sister clade to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, have left the most ancient fossils in the Rhynie Chert of Aberdeenshire in the north of Scotland (400 million years old). The Glomeromycota and several other fungi have been found associated with the preserved tissues of early vascular plants (Taylor et al. 2004a). Fossil spores from these shallow marine sediments from the Ordovician that closely resemble Glomeromycota spores and finely branched hyphae arbuscules within plant cells were clearly preserved in cells of stems of a 400 Ma primitive land plant, Aglaophyton, from Rhynie chert 455–460 Ma in age (Redecker et al. 2000; Remy et al. 1994) and from roots from the Triassic (250–199 Ma) (Berbee & Taylor 2010; Stubblefield et al. -
Amanita Muscaria (“Fly Agaric”)
WILD MUSHROOMS An Introductory Presentation by Pam McElroy and Anna Russo Lincoln County Mycological Society FIELD GUIDES • Mushrooms Demystified by David Arora • All That the Rain Promises, and More by David Arora • Field Guide to Mushrooms from National Audubon Society • Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest by Steven Trudell & Joe Ammirati Mushroom Identification Traits • Gills/Pores/Teeth: What sort of spore- producing structures do you see? How are they attached? • Stalk description: Note the size, shape, color of stalk, and whether it is solid or hollow. • Spore color: Extremely important for ID. Identification Characteristics • Bruising when touched: Does the mushroom change color or bleed any liquid when it is sliced in half or grasped firmly? • Habitat: Anything about the surrounding area, including trees, temperature, soil, moisture. • Time of year: certain mushrooms fruit during certain times of the year • Cap description: Like the stalk, note all physical characteristics of the cap. • Smell and taste: Great amount of information The Good Guys……….. Edible, delicious, delectable…….what’s not to love? The bad guys………. • Like the little girl with the curl, when mushrooms are good, they are very, very good……….and when they are bad, they are dreadful! • There are some DEADLY mushrooms….and you can’t tell which ones unless you educate yourself. Let’s take a look at some of the “bad boys” of the mushroom world. • Before you even consider eating a wild mushroom that you have picked, you MUST know the poisonous ones. • In mycological circles,