DOCSLIB.ORG

The Study on Potential Sub-Sector Growth for Export Diversification in the People’S Republic of Bangladesh

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Study on Potential Sub-Sector Growth for Export Diversification in the People’S Republic of Bangladesh No. Export Wing, Ministry of Commerce The People's Republic of Bangladesh The Study on Potential Sub-Sector Growth for Export Diversification in the People’s Republic of Bangladesh PILOT PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT March 2009 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY UNICO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION IDD JR 09-014 Abbreviations Abbreviation : English Japanese A APO : Asian Productivity Organization アジア生産性本部 B B2B : Business to Business 企業間取引 BASIS : Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services バングラデシュ・ソフトウェア・情報サービス協会 BCC : Bangladesh Computer Council バングラデシュ・コンピューター評議会 BIK Japan : Bangladesh IT Kumiai Japan バングラデシュIT組合 BIISS : Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies バングラデシュ国際戦略研究所 C CAD : Computer Aided Design コンピューター支援設計 CIDA : Canadian International Development Agency カナダ国際開発庁 D DAC : Development Assistance Committee （OECD）開発援助委員会 DANIDA : Danish International Development Assistance デンマーク国際開発援助 E EPB : Export Promotion Bureau （バングラデシュ）輸出振興庁 G GP : Green Productivity 緑の生産性 I IBPC : ICT Business Promotion Council （バングラデシュ）ICTビジネス振興評議会 IE : Industrial Engineering 生産工学 ITES : IT Enabled Service IT対応サービス J JDP : Jute Diversified Products ジュート多様化製品 L LEIC : Local Enterprise Investment Centre ローカル企業投資センター JICA : Japan International Cooperation Agency 国際協力機構 N NPO : National Productivity Organisation 国家生産性本部 O OECD : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 経済協力開発機構 P PDM : Project Design Matrix プロジェクト・デザイン・マトリクス PIC : Productivity Improvement Cell 生産性改善セル Q QC : Quality Control 品質 S SE : System Engineer システム・エンジニア SI : System Integrator システム・インテグレーター T TQM : Total Quality Management 総合的品質管理 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Jute Products Industry 1.1 Design of the Pilot Project ..........................................................................................1 - 1 1.1.1 Design Concept ...................................................................................................1 - 1 1.1.2 Scope of the Project.............................................................................................1 - 2 1.1.3 Organization for Project Implementation............................................................1 - 9 1.1.4 Implementation Schedule....................................................................................1 - 14 1.2 Implementation of the Pilot Project.............................................................................1 - 17 1.2.1 Flow of Activities in the Pilot Project.................................................................1 - 17 1.2.2 Timetable for Mill Visits During the Pilot Project..............................................1 - 19 1.2.3 Description of Methodologies Used for the KAIZEN Activities........................1 - 25 1.2.4 Overall Effects of KAIZEN Activities................................................................1 - 38 1.3 Terminal Evaluation of the Pilot Project.....................................................................1 - 42 1.3.1 Background Data and Information for Evaluation and Examination..................1 - 42 1.3.2 Examination of Project Performance ..................................................................1 - 43 1.3.3 Examination of the Implementation Process.......................................................1 - 43 1.3.4 Evaluation Based on the Five Criteria.................................................................1 - 44 1.3.5 Conclusion, Recommendations, and Lessons Learned .......................................1 - 52 Chapter 2 Computer Software Industry 2.1 Design of the Pilot Project ..........................................................................................2 - 1 2.1.1 Design Concept ...................................................................................................2 - 1 2.1.2 Scope of the Project.............................................................................................2 - 2 2.1.3 Organization for Project Implementation............................................................2 - 7 2.1.4 Implementation Schedule....................................................................................2 - 11 2.2 Implementation of the Pilot Project.............................................................................2 - 14 2.2.1 Output 1: Brochures of Participating Companies................................................2 - 14 2.2.2 Output 2: Brochure for Software/ITES Industry of Bangladesh .........................2 - 16 2.2.3 Output 3: Database of Participating Companies .................................................2 - 18 2.2.4 Output 4: Market needs of Japanese Companies.................................................2 - 22 2.2.5 Output 5: Establishment of Bridge SE System ...................................................2 - 27 2.2.6 Output 6: Seminar ...............................................................................................2 - 30 2.2.7 Output 7: Match-making Mechanism through Bridge SE System......................2 - 33 2.3 Terminal Evaluation of the Pilot Project.....................................................................2 - 40 2.3.1 Background Data and Information for Evaluation and Examination..................2 - 40 2.3.2 Examination of Project Performance ..................................................................2 - 41 i 2.3.3 Examination of the Implementation Process.......................................................2 - 41 2.3.4 Evaluation Based on the Five Criteria.................................................................2 - 42 2.3.5 Conclusion, Recommendations, and Lessons Learned .......................................2 - 50 ii List of Figures and Tables Chapter 1 Jute Products Industry Figure 1.1-1 Pilot Project Concept for Jute Products Industry ........................................1 - 4 Figure 1.1-2 5S Explained by Element ............................................................................1 - 6 Figure 1.1-3 National Productivity Organisation (Organization Chart)...........................1 - 11 Figure 1.1-4 Work Schedule for Pilot Project for Jute Products Industry .......................1 - 16 Figure 1.2-1 Typical Production Process of Jute Mills....................................................1 - 18 Figure 1.2-2 Three-Round Mill Visits .............................................................................1 - 19 Figure 1.2-3 Positioning of the KAIZEN team................................................................1 - 26 Figure 1.2-4 Snap Reading Method .................................................................................1 - 27 Table 1.1-1 5S in Various Language ..............................................................................1 - 5 Table 1.1-2 PDM (Project Design Matrix) .....................................................................1 - 7 Table 1.1-3 KAIZEN Working Group............................................................................1 - 12 Table 1.1-4 Participating Companies in the Pilot Project for Jute Products Industry........................................................................................................1 - 13 Table 1.1-5 「KAIZEN」Team Members.........................................................................1 - 14 Table 1.2-1 Visits to Head Offices and Jute Mills..........................................................1 - 20 Table 1.2-2 6-Day KAIZEN Activities (1st Round).......................................................1 - 20 Table 1.2-3 Visits to Head Offices and Jute Mills..........................................................1 - 22 Table 1.2-4 5-Day KAIZEN Activities (2nd Round) .....................................................1 - 22 Table 1.2-5 Visits to Head Offices and Jute Mills..........................................................1 - 23 Table 1.2-6 5-Day KAIZEN Activities (3rd Round)......................................................1 - 23 Table 1.2-7 Visits the Head Offices and Jute Mills (4th Round)....................................1 - 24 Table 1.2-8 Measurement of Ring Spinning Stoppage...................................................1 - 28 Table 1.2-9 Measurement of Weaving Machine Stoppage.............................................1 - 29 Table 1.2-10 Results of Machine Inspection ....................................................................1 - 31 Table 1.2-11 Causes of Fabric Defects.............................................................................1 - 32 Table 1.2-12 Causes of Weaving Machine Stoppage.......................................................1 - 33 Table 1.2-13 Causes of Troubles in Ring Spinning..........................................................1 - 33 Table 1.2-14 Thread Breakage in Beaming/Sizing...........................................................1 - 34 Table 1.2-15 Sample : Causes and Countermeasures fore Fabric Defects .......................1 - 35 Table 1.2-16 Sample of Job Standard for Model Mill......................................................1 - 37 Table 1.2-17 Summary of Improvement (%)....................................................................1 - 38 Table 1.2-18 -Spinning Process- KAIZEN Target and Actual Figures During Pilot Project (in 2008)..........................................................................................1 - 39 iii Table 1.2-19 -Weaving Process- KAIZEN Target and Actual Figures During Pilot Project (in 2008)..........................................................................................1 - 40 Table 1.3-1 Productivity
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 25 Handbook of Bibliography on Diaspora and Transnationalism.Pdf
    BIBLIOGRAPH Y A Hand-book on Diaspora and Transnationalism FIRST EDITION April 2013 Compiled By Monika Bisht Rakesh Ranjan Sadananda Sahoo Draft Copy for Reader’s Comments Global Research Forum on Diaspora and Transnationalism www.grfdt.org Bibleography Preface Large scale international mobility of the people since colonial times has been one of the most important historical phenomenon in the human history. This has impacted upon the social, cultural, political and economic landscape of the entire globe. Though academic interest goes back little early, the phenomenon got the world wide attention as late as 1990s. We have witnessed more proactive engagement of various organizations at national and international level such as UN bodies. There was also growing research interest in the areas. Large number of institutions got engaged in research on diaspora-international migration-refugee-transnationalism. Wide range of research and publications in these areas gave a new thrust to the entire issue and hence advancing further research. The recent emphasis on diaspora’s development role further accentuated the attention of policy makers towards diaspora. The most underemphasized perhaps, the role of diaspora and transnational actors in the overall development process through capacity building, resource mobilization, knowledge sharing etc. are growing areas of development debate in national as well as international forums. There have been policy initiatives at both national and international level to engage diaspora more meaningfully since last one decade. There is a need for more wholistic understanding of the enrite phenomena to facilitate researchers and stakeholders engaged in the various issues related to diaspora and transnationalism. Similarly, we find the areas such as social, political and cultural vis a vis diaspora also attracting more interest in recent times as forces of globalization intensified in multi direction.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Situations of Bangladeshi Immigrants in Japan: a Case of the Munshiganj Community
    Current Situations of Bangladeshi Immigrants in Japan: A Case of the Munshiganj Community 在日バングラデシュ人移民の現状――ムンシガンジ出身者コミュニティを事例として Md. Abdul MANNAN Abstract This study looks at Bangladeshi migration to Japan, examines the affairs among migrant job opportunity, migration network and the field of remittance uses. There are nine thousands Bangladeshi living in Japan approximately. This research conducted on migrants from Munshiganj district of Bangladesh. 50 responders selected for interview by snowball sampling method. Still Munshiganj migrant is highly noticeable in Japan despite of strict Japanese immigration policy and lack of job opportunity. Most of the immigrant live in remote area from Tokyo due to job opportunity in manufacturing plant. About migrant networks, relatives and manpower agents have powerful influence for migration network. This study also explored that remittance uses for deposit in bank and land purchasing tendency is high among the immigrants for economic assurance. Migrant remittances provide direct, immediate and far reaching benefits to the country as well. Key words: Munshiganj, Japan, migrant network, remittance uses 要旨 本研究は在日バングラデシュ人移民に注目し、移民の就労機会、移民ネットワーク、送 金の使途について調査したものである。在日バングラデシュ人は約 9 千人である。その中 でも本研究は、バングラデシュのムンシガンジ地区出身者に関する調査に基づくものであ る。面接調査対象者 50 人については、スノーボール・サンプリング法を用いて抽出した。 日本の厳しい移民政策や就労機会の欠如にもかかわらず、ムンシガンジ移民は今もなお、 日本においてかなり大きな集団である。その多くは、製造業での就労機会を得るために東 京から離れた地域に居住している。移民ネットワークにおいては、親族と人材斡旋業者の 影響が強い。また送金の使途については銀行預金と不動産取得が多いという傾向が見られ、 移民にとって経済的保証となっている。移民の送金は、直接、かつ即座に、遠方にまで届 く利益であり、それは国家に対しても同様の利益をもたらすものである。 キーワード：ムンシガンジ、日本、移民ネットワーク、送金使途 31 1. Background of the study Over half the world's population lives in the Asia-Pacific region. In 2005, Asia hosted 53 million out of the world's 191 million migrants according to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (Castles and Miller, 2009).International labor markets are an important part of the process of globalization and economic interdependence across countries and regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Overseas School) in Belgium: Implications for Developing Multilingual Speakers in Japan
    Language Ideologies on the Language Curriculum and Language Teaching in a Nihonjingakkō (Japanese overseas school) in Belgium: Implications for Developing Multilingual Speakers in Japan Yuta Mogi Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy UCL-Institute of Education 2020 1 Statement of originality I, Yuta Mogi confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where confirmation has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Yuta Mogi August, 2020 Signature: ……………………………………………….. Word count (exclusive of list of references, appendices, and Japanese text): 74,982 2 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Siân Preece. Her insights, constant support, encouragement, and unwavering kindness made it possible for me to complete this thesis, which I never believed I could. With her many years of guidance, she has been very influential in my growth as a researcher. Words are inadequate to express my gratitude to participants who generously shared their stories and thoughts with me. I am also indebted to former teachers of the Japanese overseas school, who undertook the roles of mediators between me and the research site. Without their support in the crucial initial stages of my research, completion of this thesis would not have been possible. In addition, I am grateful to friends and colleagues who were willing readers and whose critical, constructive comments helped me at various stages of the research and writing process. Although it is impossible to mention them all, I would like to take this opportunity to offer my special thanks to the following people: Tomomi Ohba, Keiko Yuyama, Takako Yoshida, Will Simpson, Kio Iwai, and Chuanning Huang.
    [Show full text]
  • New Frontiers in Japanese Studies
    New Frontiers in Japanese Studies Over the last 70 years, Japanese Studies scholarship has gone through several dominant paradigms, from ‘demystifying the Japanese’, to analysis of Japanese economic strength, to discussion of global interest in Japanese popular culture. This book assesses this literature, considering future directions for research into the 2020s and beyond. Shifting the geographical emphasis of Japanese Studies away from the West to the Asia-Pacific region, this book identifies topic areas in which research focusing on Japan will play an important role in global debates in the coming years. This includes the evolution of area studies, coping with ageing populations, the various patterns of migration and environmental breakdown. With chapters from an international team of contributors, including significant representation from the Asia-Pacific region, this book enacts Yoshio Sugimoto’s notion of ‘cosmopolitan methodology’ to discuss Japan in an interdisciplinary and trans- national context and provides overviews of how Japanese Studies is evolving in other Asian countries such as China and Indonesia. New Frontiers in Japanese Studies is a thought-provoking volume and will be of great interest to students and scholars of Japanese and Asian Studies. Akihiro Ogawa is Professor of Japanese Studies at the University of Melbourne’s Asia Institute, Australia. His major research interest is in contemporary Japanese society, focusing on civil society. Philip Seaton is a Professor in the Institute of Japan Studies, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan. His main research areas are Japanese memories of the Asia-Pacific War and tourism induced by popular culture. Routledge Contemporary Japan Series 77 Animism in Contemporary Japan Voices for the Anthropocene from post-Fukushima Japan Shoko Yoneyama 78 Political Sociology of Japanese Pacifism Yukiko Nishikawa 79 Zainichi Korean Women in Japan Voices Jackie J.
    [Show full text]
  • Labor Migration from Bangladesh to Malaysia Dannecker, Petra
    www.ssoar.info The construction of the myth of migration: labor migration from Bangladesh to Malaysia Dannecker, Petra Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Arbeitspapier / working paper Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Dannecker, P. (2003). The construction of the myth of migration: labor migration from Bangladesh to Malaysia. (Working Paper / Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Soziologie, Forschungsschwerpunkt Entwicklungssoziologie, 345). Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld, Fak. für Soziologie, Forschungsschwerpunkt Entwicklungssoziologie. https://nbn- resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-422215 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use.
    [Show full text]
  • Iranian Media: the Paradox of Modernity
    Iranian Media Routledge Advances in Internationalizing Media Studies 1. Media Consumption and Everyday Life in Asia Edited by Youna Kim 2. Internationalizing Internet Studies Beyond Anglophone Paradigms Edited by Gerard Goggin and Mark McLelland 3. Iranian Media The Paradox of Modernity Gholam Khiabany Forthcoming: Media Globalization and the Discovery Channel Networks Ole Mjos Iranian Media The Paradox of Modernity Gholam Khiabany New York London First published 2010 by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Simultaneously published in the UK by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. © 2010 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereaf- ter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trade- marks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Khiabany, Gholam. Iranian media : the paradox modernity / by Gholam Khiabany. p. cm.—(Routledge advances in internationalizing media studies ; 3) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-415-96289-6 1. Press and politics—Iran—History—20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • A Piece of Bengal in Japan: the Intercultural Relationships Between Bengalis and Japanese in Tokyo
    Title Page A Piece of Bengal in Japan: The Intercultural Relationships Between Bengalis and Japanese in Tokyo by Maya Zoe Best Bachelor of Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh, 2020 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2020 Committee Page UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH UNIVERSITY HONORS COLLEGE This thesis was presented by Maya Zoe Best It was defended on March 16, 2020 and approved by Clark Chilson, Associate Professor, Religious Studies Leo Coleman, Associate Professor, Anthropology, The City University of New York Nicole Constable, Professor, Anthropology Thesis Advisor: Heath Cabot, Assistant Professor, Anthropology ii Copyright © by Maya Zoe Best 2020 iii Abstract A Piece of Bengal in Japan: The Intercultural Relationships Between Bengalis and Japanese in Tokyo Maya Zoe Best, BPhil University of Pittsburgh, 2020 With the decrease in birth rate and rise in the elderly population, there is a great need for foreign labor in Japan. However, Japan’s strict and temporary immigration policies have made it very difficult for refugees to be granted asylum status or for working-class immigrants to settle in Japan. This research offers a qualitative exploration of instances of effective integration of Bengali migrants—from Bangladesh and West Bengal, India—into Japanese society, coming for economic and asylum related purposes. I examine examples of migrants who have been able to fulfill economic needs while also introducing new artforms and practices to Japan, strengthening intercultural relationships in ways that native Japanese appreciate and even emulate. Using ethnographic participant observation and in-person interviews, this research reveals how Bengalis have recreated feelings of "home" and "belonging" through culture exchange venues such as food industries, artforms, and language.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration-Related Indicators
    For visibility materials (SO2): Primary brand (Visibility Logo) MIGRATION-RELATEDThis Project is led by INDICATORS Co brands Funded by Implemented by Government of the the European Union IOM Tracking People'sprogress Republic of towards Bangladesh the Sustainable Development Goals and the Seventh National Five-Year Plan This Project is led by Funded by Implemented by Government of the the European Union IOM People's Republic of Bangladesh (SO2): Other visibility materials This Project is led by Funded by Implemented by Government of the the European Union International Organization for Migration (IOM) People's Republic of Bangladesh The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in the meeting of operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. This study is produced with financial assistance from the European Union. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of Business Climate and can, in no way, be taken to reflect the views of the European Union, the International Organization for Migration or their Member States.
    [Show full text]
  • Labour Book Inner Part-1
    An Assessment of the Overseas Labour Market for Bangladesh: A Case Study of Six Countries – Azerbaijan, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Jordan and Qatar International Organization for Migration Dhaka, June 2014 An Assessment of the Overseas Labour Market for Bangladesh: A Case Study of Six Countries – Azerbaijan, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Jordan and Qatar International Organization for Migration Dhaka, June 2014 CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms iii I. Introduction 1-7 I.1 Study Background 1 I.2 Objective of the Study 2 I.3 Study Methodology and Approach 2 II. Six Study Countries 8-80 IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international II.1 Azerbaijan 8 community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding II.1.1 Labour Market Developments and Employment Opportunities of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold in Azerbaijan 10 the human dignity and well-being of migrants. The designations employed and the presentation II.1.2 Projection of Employment for Bangladeshis in Azerbaijan for the of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the Next Five and Ten Years 14 part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or II.2 Iraq 16 concerning its frontiers or boundaries. II.2.1 Labour Market Developments and Employment Opportunities in Iraq
    [Show full text]
  • Asia-Pacific Population Journal
    Vol. 21, No. 1 ISSN 0259-238X April 2006 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC COVER PHOTOGRAPH A group of children in rural India pose enthusiastically for a picture. (Photograph by Wanphen Sreshthaputra) Child health in India is at the core of the first article published in this issue of the Asia-Pacific Population Journal, which assesses the potential for reducing child and maternal mortality through reproductive and child health intervention programmes in that country. The second article looks into the readiness, willingness and ability to use contraception in Bangladesh, the third focuses on Singapore’s family values and their impact on fertility while the fourth investigates the role of migration in channelling Bangladeshi labour to countries of East and South-East Asia. Also don’t miss this issue’s stimulating Viewpoint article on the thought-provoking headline “Will HIV/AIDS Levels in Asia Reach the Level of Sub-Saharan Africa?” Viewpoint Will HIV/AIDS Levels in Asia Reach the Level of Sub-Saharan Africa? Major reasons that Asia is unlikely to experience African-level HIV/AIDS epidemics is that there is an ancient concept of nationhood and class societies with elites willing to undertake national leadership in emergencies, together with a different sexual culture. By John C. Caldwell* The short answer to the question posed by the paper’s title is “no”, although any disease that kills millions should be combated with all the means available. I first addressed this question in an editorial in Social Science and Medicine a decade * Demography and Sociology Program, Research School of Social Sciences, HC Coombs Bldg 9, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • MODERNIZATION THEORY and INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY Three
    CHAPTER 3: DEVELOPMENT: MODERNIZATION THEORY AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY Three Theories of Development: There are three approaches to explaining how wealth and democracy have come to a small part of the human race. The first two are very familiar to academia, policy makers, and even the general public. The first is modernization theory, which basically asserts that technological change is the key driver of development. Technological change along with population growth leads to more wealth, more wealth leads to a larger middle class, and a larger middle class provides the social basis for democracy. The second approach focuses on institutional capacity and contends that without institutional capacity economic growth is impossible. Policy makers, at least policy makers in the United States have relied on these two approaches, especially modernization theory. There is an assumption among American policymakers, often tacit, that democracy and a market economy is the natural order of the world. If only repressive and autocratic leaders would get out of the way, or be forced to move out of the way, democracy would spring forth. Democracy is not a privileged possession of the west but rather a universal form of government that could triumph everywhere. For American leaders, not only could all countries become democracies but all countries would naturally become wealthy and democratic over time. The United States welcomed China into the World Trade Organization (WTO), which helped to sustain China’s rapid economic growth. Part of the explanation for the very accommodating policy that the United States adopted toward China from the Nixon administration to the Obama administration was the assumption that China would become just like us.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Migrants
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Migrants’ Remitting beyond Altruism and Self-Interest: A Study of Remitting Practices among Bangladeshi Migrants in Tokyo and Los Angeles A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirement for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology by Hasan Mahmud 2015 @ Copyright by Hasan Mahmud 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Migrants’ Remitting beyond Altruism and Self-Interest: A Study of Remitting Practices among Bangladeshi Migrants in Tokyo and Los Angeles By Hasan Mahmud Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor Min Zhou Co-chair Professor Ruben Hernandez-Leon Co-chair Social science discourses on migration and development emphasize migrants' altruism or self- interest as the determinants of their remitting practices, which is countered by alternative explanations focusing on social culture and structure. Due to the dichotomy of structure/agency, the current approaches offer unsatisfactory explanations of migrants' remitting practices. This dissertation aims to proposes a corrective by developing an alternative model of understanding the determinants of migrants' remitting practices. It synthesizes three strands of social science literature and derive the conception of remitting as a collective social act. From a realist approach following Durkheim, it begins at the empirical manifestations of migrants' remitting practices, but looks at deeper levels of social reality (the actual and the real) in identifying the determinants. It focuses on the internal social relations between the individuals involved in the acts in question as well as the external relations between the individuals and their social world to recognize the determinants of acts. Thus, it adopts a mixed-methods ii approach involving ethnographic fieldworks supplemented by small-scale survey with convenient samples.
    [Show full text]