DOCSLIB.ORG

In a Small Number of Sanskrit Indeclinables, Usedas Prefixes, Final

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In a Small Number of Sanskrit Indeclinables, Usedas Prefixes, Final 346 KANARFSE GRAMMAR SANSKRIT CONSONANT SANDHI 347 Visarga Sandhi (evil time) In a small number of Sanskrit indeclinables, used as (evil fruit) prefixes, final 06, N and 8 interchange or become ZT1 or M6' (causeless) according to the initial letter of the second member of the ;V +:ddaES1 =~314dJn (pitiless) compound word . Such indeclinables are C:SjN (evil, difficult), ~ -}- 03JOUI~ (useless) ~~ (separation from), ;ZiNo6 (again) and MJ'4as (in the -83ZV (morning) afresh). morning). Followed by words with an initial vowel or having (cooking as initial consonant one of 6 the third, fourth or fifth letters in the (c) When the initial letter of the second element is 25 or classes of consonants (i.e. n{, j3l6, m, 236 , da3 , 1~, W, 6 rt36, W, z36, e the final consonant of the prefix is e. Examples: ~', t36, 236, V, ;4,31) or one of the unclassified consonants other sdJN ~,fja~ (bad conduct) than the sibilants (i.e. o3s6, a°, e1, V, V), the final consonant -I-2~8~= of the prefix is os . Examples: (evil omen) jog (heedlessness). (a) Id~N +US'=1dJ-CZS (evil desire) 4; (without remainder) Aiv+kd e- c&S16e ~N +e~~=~~S (despair) 4~as .1..24'=q49 (and again). N-I-rtJEd t =r~ri~FCa (bad quality) are all examples of Schutva Sandhi. ~N +rion-Pt)pn (without qualities) Except the last these of the second element is a6 AN (causeless) (d) Where the initial letter ;;;I . Examples: d,)V +LSJz,)Ft) (weak) or n the final consonant of the prefix is = C$N (a violent death) I,N 6 + da d,)&'Jd (impassable) W+Ue)=~2JFe) (powerless) 1dJN +Nd2,5o ;V (bad disposition) J 6 -f-z e N6 =~,4aeFZai~ (morning meal) -}- ~J lo=~~ ,=,n commonly (tdb.) ~pJta (weakness) gias+w3a~~e=44d,)3z4 (resurrection) p;f +Nodedol'= ;Nodea6 (freedom from uncertainty). Pxj+s +Zz '=PZFO at t (unhindered). ;eIdA and ;tiodtzso, Examples such as i:~) ~86e3d, V~)~~ ~ a6 compound But where the initial letter of the second element is 06 , one where the initial letter in the second element of the as above, but is dropped and the preceding vowel lengthened ; e.g . ~N + dN is a sibilant, are written and pronounced in Kanarese =;edN' (flavourless). in Sanskrit are found as, LL8N~2~7e7oj, ~BNos e~. (b) With the consonants V1,M', 856, j3 eimmediatelyfollowing, (e) There are Sanskrit nouns ending in VF which exhibit the final consonant of the prefixes CA ;V, AN becomes Ms ; but the same features in samdsa as the prefixes above ; e.g. of J~o6 and, ;~0a 6 the consonant becomes 8. 8 Examples : 1 Oe) fruit (1 n.). ' td)w (Kan. #dad) pity. an# cooking (1 n.). 1 s 6 St4 remainder US desire (2 n.). s rt)m a quality, s 4 ti#)id omen (1 n.). taod thought, anxiety ( 2 n.). disposition (1 n.) . Haas 8 4 6 `and'. dd passing over, passage (1 n ). cause (1 n.). WV strength (1 n.). tiAet3id a meal (1 n.). s etua~4 (1 n.). ' d Skt. conjunction s 10 vzJa strength (1 n.). 11 Aodtt~ rising (1 n.) . ' ZO, hindrance (1 n.). 8 AdA is also found. e P~Vzd disposition, nature (1 n .). ms might 13 be added but the example would then be of Shfutva Sandhi. doubt (1 n.). a) mind, (sky), (1 n.). 348 KANARESE GRAMMAR EXERCISE XL111 349 the rule of PU' (Kan , dAV3 light or heavenly body) dA;i?3N -F- Cases in which U --j' is followed by s' observe iaMO; = . (purity of mind). - (Kan. Zc%) 0ZFC7-% (astronomy) ; da,~tsn'+n;~_ ichutva " ;JNN +&~'=o"~Jc'~~Jb 9,Skt 4 ft6 3aa6; ' or (astronomy) . XLIII Sandhi involving the syllable ems EXERCISE Translate into English: Where the ending of the former member of a compound (a) 4,Mtso3JO word is eN, there are special features. When such words are 30oiLZ de~tWJdJ a6xLd4,;ad "c7zridmz;~4A.L a. :~z compounded with other Sanskrit words beginning with the ;~pzI44cJoUJ. dT@da3-a, 2JcsJ4Lloc vowels e and n and the consonants listed in (a) above, the az&~a eooddJ zstA3 long vowel t* UN' i3. ~,~e(~O~JJ ell~0~JF3de'3~c~ replaces and also either of the two vowels ~03JJo~.230L~J 2~O~J~~1Jij o~eZSn'iJva~_y e and elv, if it follows; as, zJJ~ 4.~o"jJ~c~,ZjTi~Jf1J~~cflL3 ~JOi~J ~t-~~.c~'a ~z3NJ~_,3. 3oe~ zaJQo~J~art~ (delighting the mind) ~z64~d Jo3.tae -~t~art~ zae~~~~ri~ e9o~i$J eo~S~ o~cJ£37i°e~t~ (elation of the mind) e>$ 1~Jo~i~80LiJ0~rtJo~. a~J2~vo~JJ ol ~Jc~N`-I- ~JF=dJt3~t?zi~JF (faculty of the mind) ~~wTy"+WQ= :94Pe2JU (might_ of austerity) wo~J~OL$J e~"~~JO3J~+1r3~t~J~rSbOrS Fl:~"ojJ~TiS~c~Jd ~'- _ ;Stun' a-F- eJJO~J'= ~e e ~J (full of light). When eN is followed by one of the consonants ff1 , (V),' (b) Translate into Kanarese : 35', the N is changed to visarga 8 ; as, A certain king of Travancore feeling great regrets on e6 (distress of mind) account of the blood which had been spilt in the many wars c~NS-1- ;~a~F B=~J~B ~F IO (with the mind) which he had waged` enquired of his priests how this great ez cf. j;9o` and 4~0' in (b) above; i.e. ea'=en'. guilt" might be removed. They replied that if he wished that But there are examples in which V1 is retained though great . guilt to be removed, the only way was to enter, pass preceded by eN' : + tao;~ (dear to the heart) ; through, and emerge' from the body of a cow. Though he 4dN' (in front+-Ted making)= ;~ON%d deference. thought that to do so would be very difficult, it became possible UN' When is followed by r, (4') or N it undergoes no by the help of a goldsmith. He fashioned a big image of a cow change : in gold . The king entered into the interior of this, and lay (pain of mind) there for several days with great penitence. Then the priests removed, and permitted him to VA VA Skt. W (conscience). told him that all his guilt was 1 z This is an example of Schutva, t;PDWa pleasing (adj.). s erU~ ~S come out. a s elation. 940 austerity (Kan. 1ad;~o 3 B n.) . 3eun6 (Kan . *t99N, 3 B n.) brightness . ' Zao1o composed of. 7 The brackets indicate that 8 8 there are no examples . 8 IF e rl distress (1 n.). ;IF# accompanied by, 1 t, M purity (2 n.). $ dam + emzead . 'Pain of mind'. preceding. 10 5 e For the pronunciation, see p. 22 (b). 11 sav3 burning, a 'Made'. 'sin,. tJdJ. 12 heat (1 n.) . nv,, witness (2 m, f. and neut .) . 350 KANARESE GRAMMAR Vocabulary W4 ;UZO)7~ goldsmith (1 m.) d~ penetrate, pass through ~ ~Job opinion (1 n.) (1 tr.) permit (irreg. 7@tidM* a cobra (3 B n.) LESSON XLIV intr.) c~6~ (cue) destruction (1 n.) Samasa or the Composition of Words Wz@ (that and that) each `Zt holy (adj .) Samasa, or composition, takes place when two or more U~ 0LF:dd causing surprise aezde4) remove (1 tr.) words are combined in such a way that all case endings and (adj.) 7N823',- penitence (1 n.) other affixes are suppressed, except in the last member of the zN~zrr~ti interior (1 n.) J304) enter (1 tr.) compound. 9ez4w bite, sting (1 tr.) 35~)d living creature (2 n.) In dvandva samosa (where any number of nouns may be ~6d difficult (adj.) ;L4 approval, liking (2 n.) joined, with one plural ending) there may be many members 4,2~s monkey (2 n.) d#, blood (1 n.) but in the great majority of the instances of samasa there are d;::~!n,a,d skill (1 n.) d,Qw4) fashion, shape (1 tr.) members only. Where there are more than two it will be 23e.Q spill (1 tr.) ZnJ Z6 image (1 n.) two found (say in a case where there are three elements) that two o¬ df8eo&) man of the country, a Q&~ notice (1 tr.) them have a closer connection than either has with the third and, national (1 m.) ;~ possible (adj.) first, combine into a compoundwordwhich then combineswiththe ,M;no'eAd,) Travancore =4 snake (3 B n.) (3 B n.) third element. Example Here the connection of ;Lv~ is with the other two words combined. The former member of a compound of two elements .is called o'~fel&ad and the latter, erv d zi. The idea and the name of samosa have come into Kanarese from Sanskrit. Many Sanskrit compound words are found in Kanarese literature and with them has come their description according to Sanskrit grammar. This description has been applied, in its varieties, to similar compounds of pure Kanarese words, and Kanarese poets have invented Kanarese equivalents of Sanskrit compounds. Though it is recognised as irregular, some combinations of Sanskrit words -with Kanarese words are accepted. No 'irregu- larity is reckoned if a noun (in the case in view, a 'Sanslu'it noun) makes a compound with a Kanarese verb as in a l~~ 1 a44d not other, own '(adi .); ts4 people; 7dovV easy of access, rem (adj.) ; easy of access to (his) own people. 352 KANARESE GRAMMAR SANSKRIT SAMASAS 353 The irregularity is also condoned when the `crude I. 441 ~J04 ~d~?d~?d tatpurusha samosa form' of a Kanarese pronoun U (=US4J) ; ; e.g.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Why Are Sanskrit Play Titles Strange?
    STEPHAN HILLYER LEVITT WHY ARE SANSKRIT PLAY TITLES STRANGE? 1. Introduction Many Sanskrit play titles generally have presented problems to translators and lexicographers. On the one hand, we have such titles as Bhavabhæti’s Målatœmådhava, which is taken to refer jointly to the play’s hero Mådhava and the play’s heroine Målatœ, and which is translated, “Målatœ and Mådhava”. The translation appears to be supported by Viƒvanåtha Kaviråja’s treatise on dramaturgy, the Såhityadarpa∫a, in Såhityadarpa∫a 6.142-143 1. Or we have a title such as Kålidåsa’s Målavikågnimitra, which is also standardly taken to refer to the play’s hero Agnimitra and its heroine Målavikå. This is translated, “Målavikå and Agnimitra”. Alternately, we have such titles as Bha™™a Nåråya∫a’s Ve∫œsaμhåra, which is understood to be a Sanskrit compound mean- ing, “The Binding (saμhåra) of the Braid of Hair (ve∫œ)”. It refers to an incident in the Mahåbhårata in which Draupadœ is humiliated and vows never to braid her hair again until her humiliation has been avenged. Or we have Bhavabhæti’s Uttararåmacarita, which is under- 1. The Mirror of Composition, A Treatise on Poetical Composition, Being an English Translation of the Såhitya-Darpa∫a of Viƒwanåtha Kaviråja, transl. by J. R. Ballantyne and P. D. Mitra, Calcutta, 1875, p. 225, nos. 427-429; Såhityadarpa∫a of Viƒvanåtha Kaviråja, ed. by D. Dviveda, 1922, rpt. New Delhi, 1982, p. 330. 196 Stephan Hillyer Levitt stood to be a Sanskrit compound meaning, “The Later (uttara) Deeds (carita) of Råma (råma)”. This play is based on the last book of the Råmåya∫a and deals with events that occur after Råma returns to Ayodhyå as king.
    [Show full text]
  • Olga Tribulato Ancient Greek Verb-Initial Compounds
    Olga Tribulato Ancient Greek Verb-Initial Compounds Olga Tribulato - 9783110415827 Downloaded from PubFactory at 08/03/2016 10:10:53AM via De Gruyter / TCS Olga Tribulato - 9783110415827 Downloaded from PubFactory at 08/03/2016 10:10:53AM via De Gruyter / TCS Olga Tribulato Ancient Greek Verb-Initial Compounds Their Diachronic Development Within the Greek Compound System Olga Tribulato - 9783110415827 Downloaded from PubFactory at 08/03/2016 10:10:53AM via De Gruyter / TCS ISBN 978-3-11-041576-6 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-041582-7 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-041586-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2015 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Umschlagabbildung: Paul Klee: Einst dem Grau der Nacht enttaucht …, 1918, 17. Aquarell, Feder und Bleistit auf Papier auf Karton. 22,6 x 15,8 cm. Zentrum Paul Klee, Bern. Typesetting: Dr. Rainer Ostermann, München Printing: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Olga Tribulato - 9783110415827 Downloaded from PubFactory at 08/03/2016 10:10:53AM via De Gruyter / TCS This book is for Arturo, who has waited so long. Olga Tribulato - 9783110415827 Downloaded from PubFactory at 08/03/2016 10:10:53AM via De Gruyter / TCS Olga Tribulato - 9783110415827 Downloaded from PubFactory at 08/03/2016 10:10:53AM via De Gruyter / TCS Preface and Acknowledgements Preface and Acknowledgements I have always been ὀψιανθής, a ‘late-bloomer’, and this book is a testament to it.
    [Show full text]
  • Loukota 2019
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Goods that Cannot Be Stolen: Mercantile Faith in Kumāralāta’s Garland of Examples Adorned by Poetic Fancy A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures by Diego Loukota Sanclemente 2019 © Copyright by Diego Loukota Sanclemente 2019 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Goods that Cannot Be Stolen: Mercantile Faith in Kumāralāta’s Garland of Examples Adorned by Poetic Fancy by Diego Loukota Sanclemente Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2019 Professor Gregory Schopen, Co-chair Professor Stephanie J. Watkins, Co-chair This dissertation examines the affinity between the urban mercantile classes of ancient India and contemporary Buddhist faith through an examination of the narrative collection Kalpanāmaṇḍitikā Dṛṣṭāntapaṅkti (“Garland of Examples,” henceforth Kumāralāta’s Garland) by the 3rd Century CE Gandhāran monk Kumāralāta. The collection features realistic narratives that portray the religious sensibility of those social classes. I contend that as Kumāralāta’s 3rd Century was one of crisis for cities and for trade in the Indian world, his work reflects an urgent statement of the core values of ii Buddhist urban businesspeople. Kumāralāta’s stories emphasize both religious piety and the pursuit of wealth, a concern for social respectability, a strong work ethic, and an emphasis on rational decision-making. These values inform Kumāralāta’s religious vision of poverty and wealth. His vision of religious giving conjugates economic behavior and religious doctrine, and the outcome is a model that confers religious legitimation to the pursuit of wealth but also an economic outlet for religious fervor and a solid financial basis for the monastic establishment, depicted by Kumāralāta in close interdependence with the laity and, most importantly, within the same social class.
    [Show full text]
  • To Be Read by Dr Malhar Kulkarni, IIT Bombay)
    Friday, 10 t h Dec, 2010 Venue: Auditorium, School of Arts & Aesthetics, JNU Saturda, January 9, 2010 0830 - 0930: Breakfast & Registration 0930 - 1130: Session 1: Inaugural session • Dr Girish Nath Jha , Special Center for Sanskrit Studies, JNU , Welcome address, Seminar theme • Prof Bal Ram Singh , University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, USA, Scientifying the Sanskrit vs. Sanskritizing the Science(inaugural address) • Prof Ramanath Sharma , University of Hawaii, USA, Rule interaction, blocking and derivation in Pāini (Keynote speech) • Prof V. K. Jain , Registrar, JNU, Presidential address and release of seminar proceedings • Chairperson , Special Center for Sanskrit Studies, JNU, Vote of Thanks Observer: Dr Maureen P. Hall , University of Massachusetts. Dartmouth, USA 1130-1200: Tea 1200 - 1300 : Session 2: Plenary Talk 1: Chair: Prof Bal Ram Singh , University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, USA Speaker: Prof Saroja Bhate , Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI) Topic: Anubandha s of P āini and Exegetics of Sanskrit grammar (to be read by Dr Malhar Kulkarni, IIT Bombay) Coordinator: Dr. Girish Nath Jha , JNU Observer: Manji Bhadra , research student, JNU 1300-1400 : Lunch 1400-1600 : Session 3: Lexical Resources Chair: Manoj Jain , Scientist “E”, TDIL, MCIT • Abhinandan S P and Shrisha Rao , I.I.I.T. Bangalore o Citation Matching in Sanskrit Corpora Using Local Alignment • Diwakar Mani , Jawaharlal Nehru University o RDBMS based Lexical Resource for Indian Heritage: the case of Mah ābh ārata • Sivaja S. Nair and Amba Kulkarni , University of Hyderabad o The Knowledge Structure in Amarako śa • Malhar Kulkarni, Irawati Kulkarni, Chaitali Dangarikar and Pushpak Bhattacharyya , I.I.T. Bombay o Gloss in Sanskrit Wordnet Coordinator: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORICAL SYNTAX the Syntax of Sanskrit Compounds John J
    HISTORICAL SYNTAX The syntax of Sanskrit compounds John J. Lowe University of Oxford Classical Sanskrit is well known for making extensive use of compounding. I argue, within a lexicalist framework, that the major rules of compounding in Sanskrit can be most appropriately characterized in syntactic, not morphological, terms. That is, Classical Sanskrit ‘compounds’ are in fact very often syntactic phrases. The syntactic analysis proposed captures the fact that com - pound formation is closer to a morphological process than other aspects of syntax, and so permits some acknowledgment of the gradient nature of the word –phrase divide, even within a strictly lex - icalist theory. * Keywords : compounds, syntax, lexicalism, Sanskrit, lexical-functional grammar (LFG) 1. Introduction . Classical Sanskrit is well known for making extensive use of com - pounding ; indeed , modern Western linguistics has adopted the Sanskrit grammatical terms for some compound types, such as bahuvrīhi and dvandva . In this article, I dis - cuss the morphosyntactic status of Classical Sanskrit compounds. I argue that the major rules of compounding in Sanskrit can be most appropriately characterized in syntactic, not morphological, terms : that is , as syntactic phrases rather than as complex words. The position of compounds on the cline between syntactic phrase and lexical unit, in particular in English but also crosslinguistically, has been the subject of considerable debate and is a prominent topic in morphological work on the definition of a word. The topic has not been so widely treated in syntactic literature. Within strict lexicalist theo - ries in particular, there is relatively little work on compounds and, perhaps, little moti - vation to treat them, since a lexical analysis is always possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson 193 LESSON 20 (Vi‚軻 P¹-Ha P鼓ini Has
    208 Master Sanskrit Easily Lesson 193 Bh¹v¹rtha and karm¹tha : To derive an abstract noun or LESSON 20 the one expressing similar behavior, from a noun or adjective the (Vi‚¶aå P¹•haå) taddhita terminations tva, tal (=t¹), imanic, ¬yañ, añ, vati and kan are suffixed to it. P¹ªini has set the system of the ¹gama (addition) and ¹de¶a -tva or -tal (=t¹) – These taddhita terminations are suffixed (replacement) and with a view to explain logically the word forms as to a noun or adjective to derive an abstract noun from it. When –tva is they were actually used in the Sanskrit language spoken in his times. applied the derived abstract noun or adjective becomes a neuter one, He has analyzed the language as it actually was spoken then. He has and when -tal > t¹ is applied the derived abstract noun or adjective not set up a new language. Patañjali, the author of the Great becomes a feminine one. For instance: go+tva=gotva=gotvam Commentary (Mah¹-bh¹¬ya) on the A¬•¹dhy¹y» of P¹ªini has (N.)=bullness. go+tal >=go+ t¹= got¹ (F.)=cowness. specifically mentioned that one of five objectives, rather benefits, of ¶i¶u+tva=¶i¶utva=¶i¶utvam (N.)= childhood. ¶i¶u+tal >¶i¶u+ composing this work of P¹ªini was to master the Sanskrit language t¹=¶i¶ut¹ (F.) =childhood. easily. And, those who grasp the system of the P¹ªinian Grammar can read, and understand thoroughly, any of the innumerable works in Recite aloud the following verse and its explanation, trying Sanskrit.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings Title
    Proc. of FISSCL, Paris, October 29-31, 2007 Proceedings of First International Symposium on Sanskrit Computational Linguistics Ed. Gerard´ Huet & Amba Kulkarni INRIA, October 2007 FISSCL-i Proc. of FISSCL, Paris, October 29-31, 2007 Contents Introduction i Program Committee v Sponsor vi Conference program ix Symposium Papers 1 Exocentric Compounds in Classical Sanskrit Brendan Gillon 1 2 From Paninian Sandhi to Finite State Calculus Malcolm D Hyman 13 3 Analysis of Samskrit Text: Parsing and Semantic Relations Pawan Goyal, Vipul Arora and Laxmidhar Behera 23 4 SanskritTagger, a Stochastic Lexical and POS tagger for Sanskrit Oliver Hellwig 37 5 Inflectional Morphology Analyzer for Sanskrit Girish Nath Jha, Muktanand Agrawal, Subash, Sudhir K. Mishra, Diwakar Mani, Diwakar Mishra, Manji Bhadra and Surjit K. Singh 47 6 Phonological Overgeneration in the Paninian system Malhar Kulkarni, M M Vasudevashastri 67 7 Modeling Paninean Grammar Peter M. Scharf 77 8 Simulating the Paninian system of Sanskrit Grammar Anand Mishra 89 9 An Effort to Develop a Tagged Lexical Resource for Sanskrit Shrinivasa Varakhedi, V. Jaddipal and V. Sheeba 97 10 Critical Edition of Sanskrit Texts Marc Csernel, Franc¸ois Patte 103 Index of Authors 123 FISSCL-ii Proc. of FISSCL, Paris, October 29-31, 2007 Introduction This volume contains the proceedings of the First International Symposium on Sanskrit Computational Linguistics, held at the Paris-Rocquencourt Research Center of INRIA form the 29th to the 31st of October 2007. The grammatical tradition of Sanskrit and Computational Linguistics – both have a lot to offer to each other. This symposium provides a common platform to the traditional Sanskrit scholars and computational linguists to come together to share their knowledge, learn from and collaborate with the researchers from each other’s disciplines.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanskrit Sentence Generator: a Prototype by Madhusoodana Pai J
    Sanskrit Sentence Generator: A Prototype by Madhusoodana Pai J Submission date: 25-Jul-2019 09:44AM (UTC+0530) Submission ID: 1154815137 File name: ssg.pdf (785.69K) Word count: 15593 Character count: 82293 Sanskrit Sentence Generator: A Prototype A dissertation submitted to the University of Hyderabad for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sanskrit Studies by Madhusoodana Pai J 15HSPH01 Department of Sanskrit Studies School of Humanities University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 2019 Sanskrit Sentence Generator: A Prototype A dissertation submitted to the University of Hyderabad for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sanskrit Studies by Madhusoodana Pai J 15HSPH01 under the guidance of Prof. Amba Kulkarni Professor, Department of Sanskrit Studies Department of Sanskrit Studies School of Humanities University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 2019 Declaration I, Madhusoodana Pai. J, hereby declare that the work embodied in this dissertation entitled “Sanskrit Sentence Generator: A Prototype” is carried out by me under the supervision of Prof. Amba Kulkarni, Professor, Department of Sanskrit Studies, Uni- versity of Hyderabad, Hyderabad and has not been submitted for any degree in part or in full to this university or any other university. I hereby agree that my thesis can be deposited in Shodhganga/INFLIBNET. A report on plagiarism statistics from the University Librarian is enclosed. Madhusoodana Pai J 15HSPH01 Date: Place: Hyderabad Signature of the Supervisor Certificate This is to certify that the thesis entitled Sanskrit Sentence Generator: A Prototype Submitted by Madhusoodana Pai. J bearing registration number 15HSPH01 in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Humanities is a bonafide work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanskrit Compound Paraphrase Generator
    Sanskrit Compound Paraphrase Generator Anil Kumar1, V.Sheebasudheer2, Amba Kulkarni3 1Department of Sanskrit Studies, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, [email protected], 2Chinmaya International Foundation Shodhasansthan, Veliyanad, Kerala, [email protected], 3Dept. of Sanskrit Studies, University of Hyderbad, Hyderabad, [email protected] Abstract Sanskrit is very rich in compound formation unlike modern Indian Languages. The compound formation being productive it forms an open-set and as such it is also not possible to list all the compounds in a dictionary. The compound formation involves a mandatory sandhi. But mere sandhi splitting does not help a reader in identifying the meaning of a compound, since typically a compound does not code the relation between its components explicitly. To understand the meaning of a compound, it is necessary to identify its components and discover the relation between them. An expression providing the meaning of a compound is called a paraphrase. In this paper, we summarize our experience in building an automatic paraphrase generator for Sanskrit compounds. On the face of it, it simply turns out to be a generation problem and hence should be trivial. The actual implementation, however needed a morphological analyser that can handle the bound morphemes in compounds. The paraphrase handler could produce correct paraphrases for around 90% of the compounds. 1 Introduction Sanskrit has more than 2500 years old almost exhaustive grammar in the form of P¯anini’s As.t¯adhy¯ay¯ı which has the features of computationality. However, only recently Sanskrit Computional Linguistics1 has gained a momentum. In this decade there have been many efforts to develop computational tools to access Sanskrit texts ( [[3]], [[7]], [[12]], [[8]], [[2]]).
    [Show full text]
  • Sanskrit Kāraka Analyzer for Machine Translation Sudhir Kumar Mishra
    Sanskrit K āraka Analyzer for Machine Translation Thesis submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru University In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the award of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Sudhir Kumar Mishra Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi–110067 INDIA 2007 ÌuÉÍvÉ· xÉÇxM×üiÉ AkrÉrÉlÉ MåülSì SPECIAL CENTRE FOR SANSKRIT STUDIES eÉuÉÉWûUsÉÉsÉ lÉåWûà ÌuɵÉÌuɱÉsÉrÉ JAWAHARLAL NEHRU UNIVERSITY lÉD ÌSssÉÏÌSssÉÏ----110067 New Delhi-110067 July 20, 2007 D E C L A R A T I O N I declare that thesis entitled “Sanskrit K āraka Analyzer for Machine Translation” submitted by me for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is an original research work and has not been previously submitted for any other degree or diploma in any other institution/university. (Sudhir K Mishra) ÌuÉÍvÉ· xÉÇxM×üiÉ AkrÉrÉlÉ MåülSì SPECIAL CENTRE FOR SANSKRIT STUDIES eÉuÉÉWûUsÉÉsÉ lÉåWûà ÌuɵÉÌuɱÉsÉrÉ JAWAHARLAL NEHRU UNIVERSITY lÉD ÌSsÌSssÉÏsÉÏsÉÏsÉÏ----110067110067 NEW DELHI-110067 July 20, 2007 C E R T I F I C A T E This thesis entitled “Sanskrit K āraka Analyzer For Machine Translation” submitted by Sudhir K Mishra to Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067 , for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, is an original work and has not been submitted so far, in part or full, for any other degree or diploma of any University. This may be placed before the examiners for evaluation and for award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Girish Nath Jha Dr. C. Upender
    [Show full text]
  • Exocentric Compounds in Classical Sanskrit Brendan Gillon
    Exocentric Compounds in Classical Sanskrit Brendan Gillon To cite this version: Brendan Gillon. Exocentric Compounds in Classical Sanskrit. First International Sanskrit Computa- tional Linguistics Symposium, INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Oct 2007, Rocquencourt, France. inria- 00202860 HAL Id: inria-00202860 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00202860 Submitted on 8 Jan 2008 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. EXOCENTRIC (BAHUVR¯IHI) COMPOUNDS IN CLASSICAL SANSKRIT Brendan S. Gillon McGill University 1 Introduction Constituency grammars originated with Leonard Bloomfield (1933) and were developed during the nineteen forties and nineteen fifties by a number of American structuralist linguists, including Harris (1946) and Wells (1947) — to mention just two. In the late nineteen fifties, Chomsky (1957) suggested that constituency grammars could be formalized as context free grammars. It is now clear that context free grammars fall short of properly formalizing the constituency grammars of the American Structuralists (Manaster-Ramer and Kac 1990). Indeed, in the nineteen sixties, Chomsky himself formalized a number of other important aspects of constituency grammars, introducing more complexity to the labels, both terminal and non-terminal, and permit- ting the use of null elements. Though constituency grammars were initially conceived of as applying to phrases, work in the nineteen eighties (Di Sciullo and Williams 1987; Selkirk 1982; Williams 1981) showed that such rules could be used to analyze profitably compounds and derivational morphology of English.
    [Show full text]
  • Computational Sanskrit & Digital Humanities
    SANSK D RIT RL O CO W N F H T E R COMPUTATIONAL SANSKRIT 7 1 E N E C H E T & DIGITAL HUMANITIES Selected Papers Presented at the 17th World Sanskrit Conference , July 9-13, 2018 University of British Columbia VANCOUVER, CANADA • JULY 9-13, 2018 Vancouver, Canada Edited by Gérard Huet and Amba Kulkarni Computational Sanskrit & Digital Humanities: Selected Papers Presented at the 17th World Sanskrit Conference, July 9-13, 2018, Vancouver, Canada. DOI: 10.14288/1.0391834. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/74653. Edited by Gérard Huet and Amba Kulkarni General Editor: Adheesh Sathaye Electronic edition published (2020) by the Department of Asian Studies, Univer- sity of British Columbia, for the International Association for Sanskrit Studies. Hardback edition published in 2018 by D. K. Publishers Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (ISBN: 978-93-87212-10-7). © Individual authors, 2020. Content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ All papers in this collection have received double-blind peer review. वैधुसव ्मकबंुटुक INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SANSKRIT STUDIES अ ारा यसं ृता यनसमवायः Computational Sanskrit & Digital Humanities Selected papers presented at the 17th World Sanskrit Conference University of British Columbia, Vancouver 9–13 July 2018 Edited by Gérard Huet & Amba Kulkarni Preface This volume contains edited versions of papers accepted for presentation at the 17th World Sanskrit Conference in July 2018 in Vancouver, Canada. A special track of the conference was reserved for the topic “Computational Sanskrit & Digital Humanities”, with the intent to cover not only recent advances in each of the now mature fields of Sanskrit Computational Lin- guistics and Sanskrit Digital Libraries, but to encourage cooperative efforts between scholars of the two communities, and prepare the emergence of grammatically informed digital Sanskrit corpus.
    [Show full text]