Dergâh-I Abdal Musa

View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bilkent University Institutional Repository DERGÂH-I ABDAL MUSA: A HETERODOX DERVISH TEKKE BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE PEOPLE A Master’s Thesis by GZEM KAOTURACAK DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA August 2009 To my parents… DERGÂH-I ABDAL MUSA: A HETERODOX DERVISH TEKKE BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE PEOPLE The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by GZEM KAOTURACAK In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA August 2009 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in History. --------------------------- Prof. Dr. Özer Ergenç Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in History. --------------------------- Assist. Prof. Dr. Oktay Özel Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in History. --------------------------- Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hülya Ta Examining Committee Member Approval of the Institute of Economics and Social Sciences --------------------------- Prof. Dr. Erdal Erel Director ABSTRACT DERGÂH-I ABDAL MUSA: A HETERODOX DERVISH TEKKE BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE PEOPLE Kaoturacak, Gizem M.A., Department of History Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Özer Ergenç August 2009 This thesis attempts to propose a hypothetical explanation to the reason of the noteworthy transformation in the relations between the heterodox tekkes and the Ottoman State. Since the foundation of the uc beylik at the fourteenth century, these relations were already based on the mutual interests; however after the appearance of new actors and threats their nature changed significantly. The present study tries to understand especially the period of transformations in the relations between the Ottomans and the heterodox Kalenderî dervishes happened after the appearance of the Safavî State hence late fifteenth and early sixteenth century. It focuses on the idea that following the success of the Safavî propaganda the Ottomans needed an intermediary agent to reach out the heterodox Turcomans and they found it in the dervish tekkes. The regulations in the tekke of iii Hadji Bektash and its reflections on the other Kalenderî tekkes are therefore very important to analyze in details. These transformations will be analyzed through Abdal Musa Tekke of Elmal, Antalya. Abdal Musa appeared as a Kalenderî dervish transformed into a Bektashi sheikh and his tekke was connected directly to the central Hadji Bektash Tekke is one of the significant examples of this State policy against the Turcoman tribes and their heterodox dervishes. Keywords: Abdal Musa, Tekke/waqf system, Dervish, Bektashîyya, Kalenderîyya, Menâkbnâme, Safavî propaganda. iv ÖZET DERGÂH-I ABDAL MUSA: DEVLET VE HALK ARASINDA BR HETERODOKS TEKKE Kaoturacak, Gizem Yüksek lisans, Tarih Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Özer Ergenç Austos 2009 Bu tez çalmas Osmanl Devleti ile heterodoks dervi tekkeleri arasndaki ilikide gözlenen radikal deiimi açklamaya yönelik bir hipotez oluturmay amaçlamaktadr. Osmanl uç beyliinin kurulu aamas olan ondördüncü yüzyldan itibaren bu ilikinin temeli karlkl çkara dayanyordu. Fakat yeni aktörlerin ve tehditlerin devreye girmesi ile beraber ilikilerin doas dikkat çekecek ekilde deiti. Bu çalma özellikle Safavî Devleti’nin ortaya çkn takiben gözlenen Osmanllar ve heterodoks Kalenderî derviler arasndaki ilikilerdeki dönüüm dönemini yani geç onbeinci erken onaltnc yüzyla younlamaktadr. Safavî da’vet’inin baars üzerine Osmanllarn heterodoks Türkmenlere ulaabilmek için arac bir ajana duyduklar ihtiyaç ve bunu dervi tekkelerinde bulmas fikri çalmann temel çk noktasdr. Hac Bekta Tekke’sinde yaplan düzenlemeler ve v bunlarn dier Kalenderî tekkeleri üzerine yansmas bu konuyu derinlemesine analiz edebilmek için oldukça önemlidir. Bu dönüümler Elmal, Antalya bulunan Abdal Musa Tekkesi üzerinden incelenecektir. Kalenderî bir dervi olarak ortaya çkan Abdal Musa’nn bir Bektai eyhine dönüümü ve tekkesinin dorudan merkezî Hac Bekta tekkesine balanmas heterodoks Türkmen kabilelerine onlarn bal olduu heterodoks dervilere yönelik bu Devlet politikasnn belirgin bir örneidir. Keywords: Abdal Musa, Tekke/vakf sistemi, Dervi, Bektailik, Kalenderîlik, Menâkbnâme, Safavî propagandas. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Özer Ergenç for his valuable guidance, encouragement and most importantly his patience throughout my work. His comments and suggestions have been of utmost importance in the shaping of this study and in my academic improvement. I would also like to thank Dr. Oktay Özel of Bilkent University and Dr. Hülya Ta of Ankara University for their helpful comments on the text and also for their encouragement. I thank TÜBTAK for financing a part of my graduate studies and to History Department of Bilkent University for giving me the opportunity of study history in such an environment. I should also thank kind officers of Babakanlk Osmanl Arivi, stanbul especially to Mr. Erturul Çakr whose generous helps made my research easy and fast. I would also like to thank to Prof. Dr. Ahmet Yaar Ocak of Hacettepe University and Mehmet Yaman Dede of stanbul. They helped to get in touch with people for my field study and also their comments and ideas on my work helped in construction of the frame of this study. I should thank Dr. Mustafa Soykut of ODTU whose comments on the initial manuscript helped a lot in shaping the final text. I am in depth to Hüseyin Eriçi and his family who accepted me as their guest and tried to help me with my research during my trip to Antalya. I also thank Ali Kocababa and Mustafa Güne of Tekkeköy, Elmal for their kind contributions to my research. vii I owe a lot to all my class mates in Bilkent University for their invaluable friendship. I should especially express my thanks to Elvin Otman who, at times of crisis, opened not only her library but also her kitchen to me. My special thanks are in order for Ayegül Avc, who had to deal with my English and sui generis writing style as well as my changing emotional state during the painful process of writing. I owe thanks to Fatmagül Karagöz as she is the one who always reminds me I am not the only one who thinks and behaves in a certain way. Their company was certainly the most valuable and enjoyable part of this process. My stay at Bilkent was made more enjoyable only thanks to the invaluable friendships of Elif Kaya, best roommate ever. I am also obliged to thank Muhsin Soyudoan who has kindly put his skills to my use and who made last three years more bearable-at least when he did not make it more intolerable. My special thanks go to my friend Ekim Küçükbumin Arbatl who generously helped in correcting the language, the writing style and the main construction of this text. Needless to say, I owe the most to my family who supported and trusted me all along my education. Last, but not least, Sedat Korg deserves my deepest gratitude for he provided me with the comfort I needed at times when I felt most desperate and for he was able to bear with me when I was in my most intolerable moods. I never doubted of his constant encouragement. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... iii ÖZET ........................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... ix CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 CHAPTER II: THE LIFE STORY OF ABDAL MUSA ........................................ 6 2.1 The Legendary Abdal Musa ............................................................................... 9 2.2 Analyzing the Menk bes ................................................................................... 13 2.3 The Historical Figure of Abdal Musa .............................................................. 20 CHAPTER III: ABDAL MUSA AND ISLAM IN ANATOLIA; THIRTEENTH- FIFTEENTH CENTURY ........................................................................................ 28 3.1 Islam in Anatolia .............................................................................................. 31 3.2. The religious identity of Abdal Musa ............................................................. 38 3.3 Abdal Musa within Kalenderîyya and Bektashîyya ......................................... 41 CHAPTER IV: TEKKE- ABDAL MUSA AND ITS WAQFS ............................ 47 4.1 Architectural Features of the Tekke .................................................................. 52 4.2 The Economic Life in the Abdal Musa Tekke .................................................. 57 CHAPTER V: ABDAL MUSA TEKKE AS A STATE AGENT .......................... 65 5.1 The Ottoman system ........................................................................................ 68 5.2 Relationship between the Tekke and the State ................................................

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