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Technical Paper No. 407 Whitefish Trends on the Upper Kuskokwim Technical Paper No. 407 Whitefi sh Trends on the Upper Kuskokwim River: Ethnographic Overview and 2012–2013 Nonsalmon Fish Harvests, Nikolai and Lime Village, Alaska by James M. Van Lanen, David Runfola, and David Koster March 2015 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Symbols and Abbreviations 4HEFOLLOWINGSYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONS ANDOTHERSAPPROVEDFORTHE3YSTÒME)NTERNATIONALDg5NITÏS3) AREUSED WITHOUTDEFINITIONINTHEFOLLOWINGREPORTSBYTHE$IVISIONOF3XEVLVWHQFH!LLOTHERS INCLUDINGDEVIATIONSFROM DEFINITIONSLISTEDBELOW ARENOTEDINTHETEXTATFIRSTMENTION ASWELLASINTHETITLESORFOOTNOTESOFTABLES ANDIN FIGUREORFIGURECAPTIONS 7EIGHTSANDMEASURESMETRIC 'ENERAL -EASURESFISHERIES CENTIMETER CM !LASKA!DMINISTRATIVE FORKLENGTH &, DECILITER D, #ODE !!# MIDEYE TO FORK -%& GRAM G ALLCOMMONLYACCEPTED MIDEYE TO TAIL FORK -%4& HECTARE HA ABBREVIATIONS EG -R -RS STANDARDLENGTH 3, KILOGRAM KG !- 0- ETC TOTALLENGTH 4, KILOMETER KM ALLCOMMONLYACCEPTED LITER , PROFESSIONALTITLES EG $R 0H$ -ATHEMATICS STATISTICS METER M 2. ETC ALLSTANDARDMATHEMATICAL MILLILITER M, AT SIGNS SYMBOLSAND MILLIMETER MM COMPASSDIRECTIONS ABBREVIATIONS EAST % ALTERNATEHYPOTHESIS (! 7EIGHTSANDMEASURES%NGLISH NORTH . BASEOFNATURALLOGARITHM E CUBICFEETPERSECOND FTS SOUTH 3 CATCHPERUNITEFFORT #05% FOOT FT WEST 7 COEFFICIENTOFVARIATION #6 GALLON GAL COPYRIGHT © COMMONTESTSTATISTICS & T χ ETC INCH IN CORPORATESUFFIXES CONFIDENCEINTERVAL #) MILE MI #OMPANY #O CORRELATIONCOEFFICIENT NAUTICALMILE NMI #ORPORATION #ORP MULTIPLE 2 OUNCE OZ )NCORPORATED )NC CORRELATIONCOEFFICIENT POUND LB ,IMITED ,TD SIMPLE R QUART QT $ISTRICTOF#OLUMBIA $# COVARIANCE COV YARD YD ETALIIANDOTHERS ETAL DEGREEANGULAR ETCETERAANDSOFORTH ETC DEGREESOFFREEDOM DF 4IMEANDTEMPERATURE EXEMPLIGRATIA EXPECTEDVALUE % DAY D FOREXAMPLE EG GREATERTHAN DEGREES#ELSIUS # &EDERAL)NFORMATION GREATERTHANOREQUALTO DEGREES&AHRENHEIT & #ODE &)# HARVESTPERUNITEFFORT (05% DEGREESKELVIN + IDESTTHATIS IE LESSTHAN HOUR H LATITUDEORLONGITUDE LATORLONG LESSTHANOREQUALTO MINUTE MIN MONETARYSYMBOLS LOGARITHMNATURAL LN SECOND S 53 ` LOGARITHMBASE LOG MONTHSTABLESAND LOGARITHMSPECIFYBASE LOG ETC 0HYSICSANDCHEMISTRY FIGURES FIRSTTHREE MINUTEANGULAR g ALLATOMICSYMBOLS LETTERS *AN $EC NOTSIGNIFICANT .3 ALTERNATINGCURRENT !# REGISTEREDTRADEMARK ¤ NULLHYPOTHESIS (/ AMPERE ! TRADEMARK PERCENT CALORIE CAL 5NITED3TATES PROBABILITY 0 DIRECTCURRENT $# ADJECTIVE 53 PROBABILITYOFATYPE)ERROR HERTZ (Z 5NITED3TATESOF REJECTIONOFTHENULL HORSEPOWER HP !MERICANOUN 53! HYPOTHESISWHENTRUE α HYDROGENIONACTIVITY P( 53# 5NITED3TATES PROBABILITYOFATYPE))ERROR NEGATIVELOGOF #ODE ACCEPTANCEOFTHENULL PARTSPERMILLION PPM 53STATE USETWO LETTER HYPOTHESISWHENFALSE β PARTSPERTHOUSAND PPT ABBREVIATIONS SECONDANGULAR EG !+ 7! y STANDARDDEVIATION 3$ VOLTS 6 STANDARDERROR 3% WATTS 7 VARIANCE POPULATION 6AR SAMPLE VAR TECHNICAL PAPER NO. 407 WHITEFISH TRENDS ON THE UPPER KUSKOKWIM RIVER: ETHNOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW AND 2012–2013 NONSALMON FISH HARVESTS, NIKOLAI AND LIME VILLAGE, ALASKA by James M. Van Lanen Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence, Anchorage David Runfola Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence, Fairbanks and David Koster Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence, Anchorage Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence 333 Raspberry Road Anchorage, AK 99518 March 2015 Development and publication of this manuscript were partially fi nanced by funds from the Offi ce of Subsistence Management (OSM) of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife service under Cooperative Agreement #12-352. The Division of Subsistence Technical Paper Series was established in 1979 and represents the most complete collection of information about customary and traditional uses of fi sh and wildlife resources in Alaska. The papers cover all regions of the state. Some papers were written in response to specifi c fi sh and game management issues. Others provide detailed, basic information on the subsistence uses of particular communities which pertain to a large number of scientifi c and policy questions. Technical Paper series reports are available through the Alaska Resources Library and Information Services (ARLIS), the Alaska State Library and on the Internet: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/sf/publications/. This publication has undergone editorial and professional review. James M. Van Lanen Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, Alaska, 99518, USA David Runfola Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence 1300 College Road, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99701, USA David Koster Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, Alaska, 99518, USA This document should be cited as: Van Lanen, J. M., D. Runfola, and D. Koster. 2015. Whitefi sh Trends on the Upper Kuskokwim River: Ethnographic Overview and 2012–2013 Nonsalmon Fish Harvests, Nikolai and Lime Village, Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence, Technical Paper No. 407, Anchorage. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) administers all programs and activities free from discrimination based on race, color, national origin, age, sex, religion, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. The department administers all programs and activities in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility please write: ADF&G ADA Coordinator, P.O. Box 115526, Juneau, AK, 99811-5526 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, MS 2042, Arlington, VA, 22203 Offi ce of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street NW, MS 5230, Washington, D.C. 20240 The department’s ADA Coordinator can be reached via phone at the following numbers: (Voice) 907-465-6077, (Statewide Telecommunication Device for the Deaf) 1-800-478-3648, (Juneau TDD) 907- 465-3646, or (Fax) 907-465-6078 For information on alternative formats and questions on this publication, please contact: ADF&G Division of Subsistence at http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=contacts.anchorage TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Appendices ..........................................................................................................................viii List of Appendix Tables ................................................................................................................. viii List of Appendix Figures ............................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................... ix 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................11 2. Methods .........................................................................................................................................14 3. Lime Village ..................................................................................................................................24 Community Background ...........................................................................................................24 Demography, Cash Employment, and Monetary Income ..........................................................26 Historical and 2012–2013 Harvests and Uses of nonsalmon fi sh by lime village residents .....32 Nonsalmon Fish Harvests and Uses 2012 .............................................................................32 Nonsalmon Fish Harvests and Uses 2013 .............................................................................32 Nonsalmon Fish Harvests and Uses 2007 .............................................................................37 Nonsalmon Fish Harvests and Uses Compared to Other Years .............................................37 Harvests and Uses Compared: 2007, 2012, and 2013 ................................................................... 37 Changes in Whitefi sh Harvests and Uses: Assessment Results and Ethnographic Results .......... 43 Whitefi sh and Nonsalmon Species Used by Lime Village Residents ........................................47 Whitefi sh Movements and Spawning in the Stony River Watershed, and Lime Village Fishing Seasons .......................................................................................................................................51 Whitefi sh Movements and Spawning ....................................................................................51 Whitefi sh Fishing Seasons .....................................................................................................52 Seasonal Round .............................................................................................................................. 52 Whitefi sh Harvest Timing, 2012 and 2013 ..................................................................................... 54 Whitefi sh Fishing Locations: Lime Village ...............................................................................56 Whitefi sh and Nonsalmon Fish Harvest Locations 2012 and 2013 .......................................56 Whitefi sh Harvest Locations 2007 .........................................................................................56
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