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İsrail Yıl/Year/: 7 Sayı/Volume/:21 Eylül 2017 ISSN 2146-1759 İsrail Yıl/Year/: 7 Sayı/Volume/:21 Eylül 2017 Sertifika Nu: ISSN:2146-1759 İmtiyaz Sahibi/Owner TYB Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi adına D. Mehmet Doğan Yayın Yönetmeni/Editor in Chief Dr. Muhammet Enes Kala Yazı İşleri Müdürü/Editorial Director Mustafa Ekici İngilizce Editör/Editor for English Dr. Beyazıt Akman Bu Sayının Editörü /Volume editör Doç. Dr. Ali Osman Kurt Yayın Kurulu/Members of Editorial Board İbrahim Arpacı, Burcu Bayer, Süleyman Elik (Dr.), Murat Erol, Ali Ertuğrul (Doç.Dr.), Cengiz Karataş (Dr.), Mehmet Kurtoğlu, Atilla Mülayim, Said Okumuş (Prof. Dr.), Şamil Öçal (Doç.Dr.), Osman Özbahçe, Şahban Yıldırımer (Doç. Dr.) Yayın Danışma Kurulu/Publication Board of Overseers İbrahim Ulvi Yavuz, Muhsin Mete, Nazif Öztürk, Fatih Gökdağ, Mehmet Nezir Gül, Tarkan Zengin Dergi Sekretaryası/Sekretariat of the Journal Dilâra Çoşkun Enes Dağ Yönetim yeri/Administration address Millî Müdafaa Cad. 10/13 Kızılay-Ankara 0.312 417 34 72 - 417 45 70 - 232 05 71 www.tybakademi.com [email protected] Baskı ve Tasarım/Publishing and Design mtr medya tasarım - Özel Ofset Matbaası Fiyatı 20 TL Abone Bedeli 40 TL Kurumlar için 90 TL Hesap No Vakıfbank Başkent Şb. IBAN: TR34 0001 5001 5800 7297 391004 Ziraat Bankası Başkent Şb. IBAN: TR23 0001 0016 8350 1199 485001 TYB AKADEMİ hakemli bir dergidir. Dört ayda bir yayımlanır. Dergide yayımlanan yazıların sorumluluğu yazarlarına aittir. Yazılar yayıncının izni olmadan kısmen veya tamamen, basılamaz, çoğaltılamaz ve elektronik ortama taşınamaz. Yazıların yayımlanıp, yayımlanmamasından yayın kurulu sorumludur. TYB AKADEMİ TÜBİTAK Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi (ULAKBİM) dergi indeksinde yer almaktadır. Bilim Kurulu Scientific Board Prof. Dr. Musa Kazım Arıcan Prof. Dr. Hicabi Kırlangıç Prof. Dr. Abdullah Soysal Prof. Dr. Adnan Karaismailoğlu Prof. Dr. Ali Rıza Abay Prof. Dr. Arif Bilgin Prof. Dr. Beril Dedeoğlu Prof. Dr. Birol Akgün Prof. Dr. Celal Türer Prof. Dr. Cevat Özyurt Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Çınar Prof. Dr. Kenan Çağan Prof. Dr. Mehmet Karakaş Prof. Dr. Muhittin Ataman Prof. Dr. Murtaza Korlaelçi Prof. Dr. Musa Yıldız Prof. Dr. Mustafa Çevik Prof. Dr. Mustafa Çufalı Prof. Dr. Mustafa Orçan Prof. Dr. Salih Yılmaz Prof. Dr. Zülfikar Güngör Bu Sayının Hakemleri Jury for this volume Bu Sayının Hakemleri Jury for this volume Prof. Dr. Aydın Usta (Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Baki Adam (Ankara Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Caner Arabacı (Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Cevat Özyurt (Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Durmuş Arık (Ankara Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Hayri Erten (Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Çınar (Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Muşmal (Selçuk Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Mehmet Seyfettin Erol (Gazi Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Mustafa Alıcı (Erzincan Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Mustafa Sıtkı Bilgin (Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Nasuh Uslu (Ankara Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Ali Ertuğrul (Düzce Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Ali Osman Kurt (Ankara Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Dursun Ali Aykıt (Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Faruk Bal (İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Halil İbrahim Gök (Kırıkkale Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Muhammet Tarakçı (Uludağ Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. M. Enes Kala (Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Rahim Ay (Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Süleyman Elik (İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Yasin Meral (Ankara Üniversitesi) İçindekiler/Contents D. Mehmet Doğan 7-8 Dünya Siyasetinin Belirleticisi: İsrail Baki Adam 9-24 İsrail: Kutsal Halk, Kutsal Ülke Israel: Holy Public, Holy Country Umut UZER 25-45 İsrail’de Vatan ve Ulus Algısı The Perception of Homeland and Nation in Israel Alaattin Dolu 47-64 Osmanlı Hâkimiyetinden İsrail İşgaline: Kudüs’ün Gönüllü Sakinleri From The Ottoman Rule to The Israelı Occupatıon: Volunteer Resıdents Of Jerusalem Sevtap Gölgesiz Karaca 65-75 Kutsal Topraklarda Kurulan Bir Haçlı Devleti: Regnum Ierusalem-Kudüs Krallığı A Crusader State Established in the Holy Land: Regnum Ierusalem - The Kingdom of Jerusalem Selim Tezcan - Alper Sarıbaş - Mehmet Sadık Gür 77-103 İsrail Tarih Ders Ki̇taplarının (1948-2014) Gözünden Tanzimat’a Kadar Osmanlı-Yahudi İlişkileri The Ottoman-Jewish Relations until the Tanzimat in the View of Israeli History Textbooks (1948-2014) Muhammed Ali Bağır 105-127 Modern İsrail’de Karâî Olmak: Mısır Kökenli Karaîlerin İsrail’deki Sorunları Being A Karaite In Modern Israel: The Problems of Egyptian-born Karaites in Israel Hatice Doğan 129-144 Ağlama Duvarı Kadınları Women of The Wailing Wall Can DEVECİ 145-165 Yafa Olayları 1921 The Jaffa Events 1921 Söyleşi Turgut Alp BOYRAZ / (Konuşan: Enes Dağ) İsrail ve Filistin İlişkilerinin Sosyal, Siyasal, Dinî ve Kültürel Boyutları 169-180 Sunuş Dünya Siyasetinin Belirleticisi: İsrail Allenby’nin Şerif Hüseyin’in isyancı askerlerini de arkasına alarak Kudüs’ü işgal ettikten sonra “işte şimdi Haçlı seferleri sona erdi” dediği rivayet edilir... İngilizler Kudüs işgalini ne kadar sürdürebilirlerdi? Bilemediniz yarım asır. Öyle de yaptılar, 30 yıl sonra müslümanlara bırakmamak için siyonistleri öne sürerek İsrail Devleti’ni kurdurdular. Yüz yıl önce Yahudiler’in Filistin’e iskânı konuşuluyordu, şimdi İsrail’in bölgede siyasî bir aktör olarak alanını genişletmesi, Kuzey Irak’ta devletimsi bir varlık meydana getirmesi fiili durumu tartışılıyor. Tarihi doğru okumak lâzım: Savaşın gizli öznesi Türkiye’dir! Osmanlıdan sonra “Türkiye”, İsrail öncesi idi...Osmanlı Devleti yıkılmasa, İsrail Devleti asla kurulamazdı...Türkiye bütün cografyasından ve tarihinden yalıtılarak kuruldu. Bırakın dünya devleti olması, bölge devleti olması bile istenmedi. Türkiye’nin bölgesel politikaları, Balkan Paktı, Bağdat Paktı ancak İngiliz siyasetine ayarlı dönemlik kurgulardı. Türkiye’nin denklemden uzak tutulduğu dönemde İsrail’in temelleri İngilizler tarafından usuletle atıldı. 2. Dünya Savaşı’nın akabinde de İsrail Devleti ilan edildi. Halen dünya devletlerinin yaklaşık yüzde yirmisi İsrail diye bir devleti tanımıyor. İsrail devletinin 14 Mayıs 1948’de ilan edilen bağımsızlık beyannamesi ile kurulduğu kabul edilir. Fakat bazı devletler İsrail’i fiilen bu tarihten önce tanımıştır. Hemen aklınıza bu devletin iki büyük hâmisi, İngiltere ve ABD geliyor değil mi? ABD İsrail’i bağımsızlık beyannamesinin ilan edildiği gün tanıyor. İngiltere ise bir gün önce...Ya Türkiye? 28 Mart 1948’de! Yani beyannameden bir buçuk ay önce! Bu ne acele, bu ne telaş! Neden ABD’den ve İngiltere’den daha önce? Bu telaş boşuna değil: Türkiye’nin Lozan’da çizilen çerçevede olduğunu göstermesi gerekiyor. Eğer Türkiye İsrail’i tanımakta ayak sürçerse, dünya hükümranlarının yaptırdığı zoraki doğumun gayri meşruluğu kolaylıkla iddia edilebilecekti. Türkiye kuzu kuzu Lozan’da aldığı ev ödevini yapıyor. Böylece İngiltere ve ABD’ye bulunduğu konumu teyid ediyor. Evet, İsrail’in kuruluşuna Şerif Hüseyin’in İngiliz himayeli “Arap” kırallığı yolları açtı, ama bir süre resmen tanımaktan kaçındı, bunun İslâm dünyasında nasıl bir sonuç doğuracağını tahmin ettiği için. İsrail, ABD ve Avrupa’nın bölgedeki ajan devleti, terminal ülkesi. Bütün kendileri için yaptıkları dahi, bu efendilerin hanesine yazılacak bir devlet. Bunu şöyle düşünerek anlamlandırabiliriz: İsrail olmasa bölge nasıl bir manzara arzeder? Elbette yine ihtilaflar, çatışmalar olur ama bütün dünyayı etkileyecek ölçekte bir karmaşa olmaz. İsrail batının kontrollü, fakat bazan kontrolden çıkan kaos planının bir parçası. Bölgedeki her istikrar arayışı, her bütünleşme hamlesi İsrail kullanılarak bertaraf edilir. Bölgedeki bütün yakınlaşma gayretleri İsrail eliyle zehirlenir. Türkiye’nin İsrail’i ilk tanıyan devlet olmaktan çıkması, batılılar açısından kabul edilemez bir durumdur. Bu yüzden Türkiye’yi etkisizleştirerek ve bölgeyi daha küçük parçalara bölerek tamamen istikrarsızlaştırmak yolu seçilmiştir. Bu Irak için olduğu kadar Suriye ve Lübnan için de sözkonusudur. ABD’nin artık bunu da yeterli görmediği, Türkiye’yi tekrar bölgeden yalıtılmış bir ülke haline getirmek için yüz yıldır her fırsatta oynanan Kürt kartını masaya koyduğu apaçık ortada. Şu anda Suriye’de ve Irak’ta Kürt oluşumları ile Türklerle Arapları ayırarak zihni ve maddî bir yakınlaşma imkânsızlaştırılmak isteniyor. Bunun geniş ölçüde başarıldığı söylenebilir. Kürtlerin en azından bir kesimi ABD himayesine (manda) can atıyor. Bu hava içinde değil 10 yıl, 20 yıl sonrası, bir yıl, beş yıl sonrası bile düşünülmüyor. Türkiye ikinci İsrail olmaya direndikçe bölgede ikinci bir İsrail’in oluşumuna gidiş hızlandırılıyor. İkinci İsrail bölgedeki idrak gecikmesinin yeni mahsulü olabilir. Filistin’in, Suriye’nin, Lübnan’ın, Irak’ın yaşadığı acılardan daha fazlası İkinci İsrail olacak “Kürdistan”da yaşanacak. On yıllarca sonra oyunun mahiyeti bazı kafalara dank edecek ama iş işten geçecek! Suriye ve Irak’ta Türkiye’yi yalıtmak için bulunan yol bu. Türkler yüz yıl sonra yeniden İslâm dünyasından tecrid edilirse, emperyalistler açısından Ortadoğu’yu yönetmek hiç zor olmayacak! D. Mehmet Doğan İsrail: Kutsal Halk, Kutsal Ülke İsrail: Kutsal Halk, Kutsal Ülke Israel: Holy Public, Holy Country Baki ADAM* Öz TYB AKADEMİ Yahudilik Tanrı, kutsal halk, kutsal toprak ve Tora (Tevrat) üzerine bina edilmiş bir ahit dinidir. Tanrı ve kutsal halk ahdin tarafları, kutsal toprak konusu, Tora ise koşulların yazılı olduğu belgedir. Yahudi tarihi bu unsurlar çerçevesinde cereyan etmektedir. Bu makalede kutsal halk- kutsal toprakla ilişkisi, yabancıların kutsal topraklardaki
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