Impatiens Edgeworthii Hook. F., an Invasive Balsam in Central Europe
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About the spiritual dung beetles of science To the structure and idea plagiarism Uncorrected machine translation by DeepL; February 4, 2021 Volkmar Weiss 0 Über die geistigen Mistkäfer der Wissenschaft Zum Struktur- und Ideenplagiat Volkmar Weiss 1 Dr. rer. nat. habil. Dr. phil. habil. Volkmar Weiss www.v-weiss.de Kindle Direct Publishing Leipzig, 2021 ISBN 979-858080840994 2 Dung beetles are creatures that feed on the excrement of others. 3 Table of contents Page 2 Preliminary remark 3 1. the classic german case: how Ludwig Reiners (1896-1957) stole from the heirs of Eduard Engel (1851-1938) for the "German style art 6 . Gabriel Ward Lasker (1912-2002) - the father of population genetics based on family names? 12 3. ping-pong with Arthur Jensen (1923-2012) 14 4. the socialization of the addresses of the twin pairs and the mathematics gifted persons 18 5. Peter Propping (1942-2016) 22 6. Werner Krause (born 1938) 26 7. Manfred Amelang (born 1939) 30 8. working memory capacity is fledged 33 Follow-up remark on items 1. to 8. 38 9. "The Empire of Artam" as a Partial Structural Plagiarism of Orwell's "1984 44 10. Thilo Sarrazin's successful book "Deutschland schafft sich ab" (2010) - to what extent is it a plagiarism of ideas and structures? 62 Appendix: Volkmar Weiss: List of my most cited publications so far (as of 31.12.2020) 1 Preliminary note Since the Karl Theodor zu Guttenberg case came to light in 2011, other cases have been uncovered, especially in the dissertations of several politicians. In this context, copying or rewriting texts without sufficient citation is a common practice that can range from trivialities, coincidences and carelessness, and thus from insignificance, to serious cases and deliberate fraud. In the following, however, it is not only and less about obvious copying, but about stealing essential parts of the thought leadership of a journal article or a whole book, without a single citation of the source or without sufficient reference to the intellectual model. This is actually much more serious than the Guttenberg case! But the structure and idea plagiarism is more difficult to prove, easier to deny and thus usually so far evaded legal prosecution. In the past, there was little opportunity for the individual scientist concerned to defend himself effectively against intellectual theft of this kind. However, the electronic media, the Internet and access to self-publications now offer the possibility of denouncing the cases. Own experiences are to be consulted and generalized. Volkmar Weiss Leipzig, January 2021 2 1. the classic German case: how Ludwig Reiners (1896- 1957) stole from the heirs of Eduard Engel (1851-1938) for "German stylistic art The first edition of his "Deutsche Stilkunst" was published by Eduard Engel in 1911, the 31st and last edition in 1931. Since another edition could not be published because of the publication ban against the Jew Engel, Ludwig Reiners and the publishing house C. H. Beck in Munich seized the successful title in 1944. "From the 30th edition (1922) of Eduard Engel's book of the same name, Reiners took over the structure, long verbatim passages and numerous examples; he even presented Engel's personal experiences as his own. The extent of these adoptions is not clear from Reiners' citation of sources" 1which literally reads under "Notes": "Some examples, namely of miserable sentences, are taken from the following books. " There follows a list of 23 works, including: "Eduard Engels, Deutsche Stilkunst, 1911." 2 With the wide distribution of both versions of the stylistic arts, something like this could not go unnoticed. Heinrich Rechtmann (1905-1983), for example, remarked: "Ludwig Reiners, who ... also spreads about German stylistic art, but who hardly ever confesses how much he has borrowed his argumentation, his examples, his basic ideas, ... has borrowed from Engel." 3Stefan Stirnemann came to the opinion4 ; "Reiners took over from Eduard Engel consciously and according to plan the conception of style and style theory, the terms and countless examples from beautiful and specialized literature. In addition, he stole from him apt observations and powerful sentences," which Stirnemann proves by numerous 1 en.wikipedia, Eduard Engel, retrieved on 14.12.2020 2 Reiners, Ludwig: Deutsche Stilkunst. A textbook of German prose. Munich: Beck 1944, p. 626 3 Rechtmann, Heinrich J.: Das Fremdwort und der deutsche Geist. Zur Kritik des völkischen Purismus. Nürnberg: Glock und Lutze 1953, p. 9f. 4 Stirnemann, Stefan: Ein Betrüger als Klassiker. Eduard Engel's German Stylistic Art and Ludwig Reiners. Critical Edition 2 (2004) pp. 48-50. 3 examples. For example, Engel wrote on p. 203: "Fremdwörterei is the granite wall that rises in Germany between the educated and the classes struggling for education." This is what Reiners reads on p. 461: "Thus, Fremdwörterei draws an educational wall right through our people." Heidi Reuschel, who compared some chapters of the two books in her dissertation5 with plagiarism software, comes to the conclusion: "If Engel quotes Montesquieu and Reiners also quotes Montesquieu, there is no plagiarism. But the abundance of these similarities points to plagiarism of ideas. In addition, I have demonstrated that Reiners takes over arguments from Engel in the form of paraphrases. Through the chronological presentation, it was thus possible to trace a concordant line of argumentation between the two, which again points to a structural plagiarism. ... Engel lists almost seventy names in the present chapter. Reiners also mentions about half of them. In some cases he cites the same authors, in others he looks for other examples or only mentions the name..... The number of correspondences between Engels and Reiners' stylistic art in the form of quotations and identical judgments is impressive. It must be noted, however, that Reiners never adopted any of Engels' wording verbatim - the correspondences are limited to quotations from other authors and paraphrases. Everyone is free to quote Goethe, Lessing or Schiller. No one can be accused of plagiarism because two authors use the same quote - it could be coincidence. In a scientific text, the source is cited precisely; lay linguists limit themselves to naming the author. However, the abundance of quotations found in both Engel and Reiners, some of which come from sources that are difficult to access, surpasses what could be considered a coincidental identical quotation. Chapter 8, which lists those duplications between the stylistic art of Engel and Reiners, 5 Reuschel, Heidi: Tradition or Plagiarism? Die 'Stilkunst' von Ludwig Reiners und die 'Stilkunst' von Eduard Engel im Vergleich. Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press 2014, pp. 396ff. (= Bamberg Contributions to Linguistics 9). 4 which remained unnoticed in the chapter comparison, comprises just under 170 matches. In most cases, these are citations identified by the plagiarism software. This number can by no means claim to be complete; after all, the paraphrases of the corresponding chapters are missing. Reiners cannot be proven to have easily traced partial plagiarism, translation plagiarism, or the like. However, due to the abundance of matching examples, the conclusion is obvious that the similar contents are to be classified as idea plagiarism. In addition, the many paraphrases, which reveal a similar line of argumentation, represent structural plagiarism. ... The abundance of paraphrases documented in the practical part and the partially adopted structures lead to the conclusion that there is plagiarism in many places in Reiners' stylistic art. What Reiners has taken over from other authors, moreover, will probably never be able to be clarified in an all-encompassing way. “ 5 2. Gabriel Ward Lasker (1912-2002) - the father of population genetics based on family names? When I read6 in the world net , Lasker is the "father of modern isonymy research", a "founder of modern human biology" with "an assured place in the history of science", then it could still make me sick, even after the more than 40 years that have passed in the meantime. We have to flash back to the year 1971. In Berlin (-East, GDR), a 27-year-old scientist lived as a lodger in a single room with his wife and his newborn son. The dissertation was finished, but not yet defended. The young man was burning with interest in population genetics, but had no chance whatsoever of getting a paid job in this field, because human genetics was not an established discipline in the GDR in the post-Lyssenko era7. When he became aware from the work of Crow and Mange (1965) that one could8estimate the inbreeding coefficient from the frequency of marriage partners with the same surname (from isonymy) , he recognized the possibility of arriving at population genetics in this way, for which no laboratory is necessary, but only paper, pencil, slide rule, and data sources, and he found a generalized estimate of the inbreeding coefficient from the surname frequencies of a population (published in: Biologische Rundschau 11 (1974) 314-315). The village genealogical books, 6 Zum Beispiel: "He developed the methodology of using family surnames in studies of human genetics and migration. " Bogin, B.: American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121: (2003) 195-197 (2003) - "He was known for his work expanding the study of surnames and pedigrees into the realm of human genetics. With an international reputation in physical and biological anthropology, he was honored by the American Association of Physical Anthropology with its highest recognition, The Darwin Award and by the Human Biology Association with The Franz Boas Award." Paid Notice: Deaths LASKER, GABRIEL WARD, The New York Times, September 15, 2002, Section 1, Page 40 7Weiss, V.: It could be Neo-Lysenkoism, if there was ever a break in continuity. Mankind Quarterly 32 (1991) 231-253 8 Crow, J. F. and A. P. Mange: Measurement of inbreeding from the frequency of marriages between persons of the same surname.