About the spiritual dung beetles of science
To the structure and idea plagiarism
Uncorrected machine translation by DeepL; February 4, 2021
Volkmar Weiss
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Über die geistigen Mistkäfer der Wissenschaft
Zum Struktur- und Ideenplagiat
Volkmar Weiss
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Dr. rer. nat. habil. Dr. phil. habil. Volkmar Weiss www.v-weiss.de
Kindle Direct Publishing Leipzig, 2021 ISBN 979-858080840994
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Dung beetles are creatures that feed on the excrement of others.
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Table of contents Page
2 Preliminary remark 3 1. the classic german case: how Ludwig Reiners (1896-1957) stole from the heirs of Eduard Engel (1851-1938) for the "German style art
6 . Gabriel Ward Lasker (1912-2002) - the father of population genetics based on family names?
12 3. ping-pong with Arthur Jensen (1923-2012)
14 4. the socialization of the addresses of the twin pairs and the mathematics gifted persons
18 5. Peter Propping (1942-2016)
22 6. Werner Krause (born 1938)
26 7. Manfred Amelang (born 1939)
30 8. working memory capacity is fledged
33 Follow-up remark on items 1. to 8.
38 9. "The Empire of Artam" as a Partial Structural Plagiarism of Orwell's "1984
44 10. Thilo Sarrazin's successful book "Deutschland schafft sich ab" (2010) - to what extent is it a plagiarism of ideas and structures?
62 Appendix: Volkmar Weiss: List of my most cited publications so far (as of 31.12.2020)
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Preliminary note
Since the Karl Theodor zu Guttenberg case came to light in 2011, other cases have been uncovered, especially in the dissertations of several politicians. In this context, copying or rewriting texts without sufficient citation is a common practice that can range from trivialities, coincidences and carelessness, and thus from insignificance, to serious cases and deliberate fraud.
In the following, however, it is not only and less about obvious copying, but about stealing essential parts of the thought leadership of a journal article or a whole book, without a single citation of the source or without sufficient reference to the intellectual model. This is actually much more serious than the Guttenberg case! But the structure and idea plagiarism is more difficult to prove, easier to deny and thus usually so far evaded legal prosecution.
In the past, there was little opportunity for the individual scientist concerned to defend himself effectively against intellectual theft of this kind. However, the electronic media, the Internet and access to self-publications now offer the possibility of denouncing the cases. Own experiences are to be consulted and generalized.
Volkmar Weiss Leipzig, January 2021
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1. the classic German case: how Ludwig Reiners (1896- 1957) stole from the heirs of Eduard Engel (1851-1938) for "German stylistic art
The first edition of his "Deutsche Stilkunst" was published by Eduard Engel in 1911, the 31st and last edition in 1931. Since another edition could not be published because of the publication ban against the Jew Engel, Ludwig Reiners and the publishing house C. H. Beck in Munich seized the successful title in 1944. "From the 30th edition (1922) of Eduard Engel's book of the same name, Reiners took over the structure, long verbatim passages and numerous examples; he even presented Engel's personal experiences as his own. The extent of these adoptions is not clear from Reiners' citation of sources" 1which literally reads under "Notes": "Some examples, namely of miserable sentences, are taken from the following books. " There follows a list of 23 works, including: "Eduard Engels, Deutsche Stilkunst, 1911." 2 With the wide distribution of both versions of the stylistic arts, something like this could not go unnoticed. Heinrich Rechtmann (1905-1983), for example, remarked: "Ludwig Reiners, who ... also spreads about German stylistic art, but who hardly ever confesses how much he has borrowed his argumentation, his examples, his basic ideas, ... has borrowed from Engel." 3Stefan Stirnemann came to the opinion4 ; "Reiners took over from Eduard Engel consciously and according to plan the conception of style and style theory, the terms and countless examples from beautiful and specialized literature. In addition, he stole from him apt observations and powerful sentences," which Stirnemann proves by numerous
1 en.wikipedia, Eduard Engel, retrieved on 14.12.2020 2 Reiners, Ludwig: Deutsche Stilkunst. A textbook of German prose. Munich: Beck 1944, p. 626 3 Rechtmann, Heinrich J.: Das Fremdwort und der deutsche Geist. Zur Kritik des völkischen Purismus. Nürnberg: Glock und Lutze 1953, p. 9f. 4 Stirnemann, Stefan: Ein Betrüger als Klassiker. Eduard Engel's German Stylistic Art and Ludwig Reiners. Critical Edition 2 (2004) pp. 48-50. 3 examples. For example, Engel wrote on p. 203: "Fremdwörterei is the granite wall that rises in Germany between the educated and the classes struggling for education." This is what Reiners reads on p. 461: "Thus, Fremdwörterei draws an educational wall right through our people."
Heidi Reuschel, who compared some chapters of the two books in her dissertation5 with plagiarism software, comes to the conclusion: "If Engel quotes Montesquieu and Reiners also quotes Montesquieu, there is no plagiarism. But the abundance of these similarities points to plagiarism of ideas. In addition, I have demonstrated that Reiners takes over arguments from Engel in the form of paraphrases. Through the chronological presentation, it was thus possible to trace a concordant line of argumentation between the two, which again points to a structural plagiarism. ... Engel lists almost seventy names in the present chapter. Reiners also mentions about half of them. In some cases he cites the same authors, in others he looks for other examples or only mentions the name..... The number of correspondences between Engels and Reiners' stylistic art in the form of quotations and identical judgments is impressive. It must be noted, however, that Reiners never adopted any of Engels' wording verbatim - the correspondences are limited to quotations from other authors and paraphrases. Everyone is free to quote Goethe, Lessing or Schiller. No one can be accused of plagiarism because two authors use the same quote - it could be coincidence. In a scientific text, the source is cited precisely; lay linguists limit themselves to naming the author. However, the abundance of quotations found in both Engel and Reiners, some of which come from sources that are difficult to access, surpasses what could be considered a coincidental identical quotation. Chapter 8, which lists those duplications between the stylistic art of Engel and Reiners,
5 Reuschel, Heidi: Tradition or Plagiarism? Die 'Stilkunst' von Ludwig Reiners und die 'Stilkunst' von Eduard Engel im Vergleich. Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press 2014, pp. 396ff. (= Bamberg Contributions to Linguistics 9). 4 which remained unnoticed in the chapter comparison, comprises just under 170 matches. In most cases, these are citations identified by the plagiarism software. This number can by no means claim to be complete; after all, the paraphrases of the corresponding chapters are missing. Reiners cannot be proven to have easily traced partial plagiarism, translation plagiarism, or the like. However, due to the abundance of matching examples, the conclusion is obvious that the similar contents are to be classified as idea plagiarism. In addition, the many paraphrases, which reveal a similar line of argumentation, represent structural plagiarism. ... The abundance of paraphrases documented in the practical part and the partially adopted structures lead to the conclusion that there is plagiarism in many places in Reiners' stylistic art. What Reiners has taken over from other authors, moreover, will probably never be able to be clarified in an all-encompassing way. “
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2. Gabriel Ward Lasker (1912-2002) - the father of population genetics based on family names?
When I read6 in the world net , Lasker is the "father of modern isonymy research", a "founder of modern human biology" with "an assured place in the history of science", then it could still make me sick, even after the more than 40 years that have passed in the meantime.
We have to flash back to the year 1971. In Berlin (-East, GDR), a 27-year-old scientist lived as a lodger in a single room with his wife and his newborn son. The dissertation was finished, but not yet defended. The young man was burning with interest in population genetics, but had no chance whatsoever of getting a paid job in this field, because human genetics was not an established discipline in the GDR in the post-Lyssenko era7. When he became aware from the work of Crow and Mange (1965) that one could8estimate the inbreeding coefficient from the frequency of marriage partners with the same surname (from isonymy) , he recognized the possibility of arriving at population genetics in this way, for which no laboratory is necessary, but only paper, pencil, slide rule, and data sources, and he found a generalized estimate of the inbreeding coefficient from the surname frequencies of a population (published in: Biologische Rundschau 11 (1974) 314-315). The village genealogical books,
6 Zum Beispiel: "He developed the methodology of using family surnames in studies of human genetics and migration. " Bogin, B.: American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121: (2003) 195-197 (2003) - "He was known for his work expanding the study of surnames and pedigrees into the realm of human genetics. With an international reputation in physical and biological anthropology, he was honored by the American Association of Physical Anthropology with its highest recognition, The Darwin Award and by the Human Biology Association with The Franz Boas Award." Paid Notice: Deaths LASKER, GABRIEL WARD, The New York Times, September 15, 2002, Section 1, Page 40 7Weiss, V.: It could be Neo-Lysenkoism, if there was ever a break in continuity. Mankind Quarterly 32 (1991) 231-253 8 Crow, J. F. and A. P. Mange: Measurement of inbreeding from the frequency of marriages between persons of the same surname. Eugenics Quarterly 12 (1965) 199-203r 6 which could be borrowed from the State Library, proved to be printed and thus suitable sources. Later, other sources were added. On many late evenings, the young man sat by dim lights and evaluated the sources with tally sheets. Fortunately, the Ethnographisch-Archäologische Zeitschrift (EAZ) even found an editor, Heinz Grünert (1927-2010), who recognized the originality of the work and printed it: Weiss, Volkmar: Die Verwendung von Familiennamenhäufigkeiten zur Schätzung der genetischen Verwandtschaft. A contribution to the population genetics of the Vogtland. Ethnographisch-Archäologische Zeitschrift 15 (1974) 433- 451.
At the same time, Gabriel W. Lasker was working in Detroit at Wayne State University as a professor of biological anthropology and editor of the journal "Human Biology". Around 1974 Lasker called himself "President of the International Biological Program", section "Human Adaptability", and was 62 years old, so in his subject a world-famous man, but with whom probably slowly the own ideas became rarer. The isonymy idea had been taken up by about half a dozen people scattered all over the world, but only one of them read German 9and could understand the publication of an unknown Volkmar Weiss: Lasker, who had been publishing on isonymy since 1968. Lasker recognized the opportunity, broke down Weiss' continuing complex work (and his subsequent publications on the same subject) into several sub-steps, applied for and received funding ("grants") for each sub-step, and published (sometimes with co-authors) a whole series of papers, with the logical steps Weiss had envisioned, but with figures collected by Lasker. But whom Lasker did not quote at all until 1978, that was Volkmar Weiss.
I noticed this, of course, and was annoyed by it. By that time I could read and understand a dozen foreign languages fluently, but I was not able to publish in English. I had never had lessons in English and had only acquired fluency in passive understanding myself, not
9 Lasker had a German father. 7 active use. Official publications abroad were considered undesirable or directly forbidden among GDR scientists at that time, and the journals available for publication at home were German-language. I realized that if I did not want to have my bread cut off forever, I had to break out of the ghetto and publish in English to do so. My language learning up to that point was proving to be quite a bad investment. I should have acquired the ability to publish in English half a decade earlier, but I made up for it starting in 1976. I wrote down the phrases common among native speakers from professional journals and learned their active use.
By 1979, I had acquired the ability to summarize my methods and results on surname genetics in English. I defied prohibitions and submitted the manuscript to the U.S., on carbon paper, spread over several simple letters. I considered the editor of the "Mankind Quarterly", Roger Pearson10 , Washington, D.C., to be a man who was no stranger to the conditions and prohibitions of a totalitarian Eastern Bloc country and who was not so stupid as to send me back corrections, for example, which, since such incoming mail was checked, would inevitably have brought the state security down on me. For at that time I was employed at the Central Institute for Youth Research of the GDR in Leipzig, a research institution with a strict ban on all contacts with the West for all employees, up to and including the director! In this necessary prudence Pearson and a few years later Hans-Jürgen Eysenck never disappointed me and always acted conspiratorially. The Mankind Quarterly was available in the GDR only in a single institute library at the Humbold University in East Berlin, and I assessed things in such a way that my colleagues would take note of my (forbidden) publication, but otherwise keep quiet. (I was not disappointed in this assessment, not even when my name was even listed on the editorial board of Mankind Quarterly from 1982).
It appeared then: Weiss, Volkmar: Inbreeding and genetic distance
10 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Pearson_(anthropologist) 8 between hierarchically structured populations measurd by surname frequencies. Mankind Quarterly 21 (1980) 135-149.11 The publication was also a hidden political issue, since I referred to model calculations of the Soviet scientist Bunimovic12, who had found out that hierarchically structured societies develop more rapidly than egalitarian ones. (But the course of world history has certainly not been influenced by Bunimovic).
Back to Lasker: Since the sending of offprints from the USA to the GDR was impossible because of the state security, I had to go with the original issue of the "Mankind Quarterly" (which had reached me, the postal control of scientific journals was not so exact after all13) to Halle/Saale to the library of the Leopoldina. This library had the privilege of owning a duplicating machine, and in the head librarian Wolfgang Heese (1942-1985) a man who was willing to disregard his instructions and who allowed me to make copies for my private scientific needs. The Leopoldina was thus at that time one of the small loopholes to escape total control.
I sent the copies of my English essay now as an open scientific printed matter (such a thing passed the postal control) to all colleagues in the whole world who had published something to the "family name genetics" up to this time. With handwritten exclamation marks by me at the dates of my cited publications of 1973ff. and the chronologically following works of Lasker.
This created an embarrassing situation for Lasker, because there were queries to him. He got out of the affair by sending a14letter to
11 Nachdruck in: Weiss, V.: Local Population Studies in Central Europe: A Review of Historical Demography and Social History. KDP 2020, pp. 240-253 12 Bunimovic, L. A.: Ob odnoj charakternoj modeli ierarchiceskoj struktury populjacij celoveka. Genetika (Moskva) 10 (1975) 134-143 13 I imagined that in 2008 when I wrote these lines. My Stasi file was kept in Berlin, my first place of work after graduation, and has been destroyed. However, my mail was totally monitored in my place of residence Leipzig, and messages to the Stasi headquarters to Berlin have been found in 2019. 14 The letter is in my estate in the Leipzig University Archives. 9
K. Katayama in Osaka (Japan) on 11.2.1981, in which he acknowledged my priority, and to me a copy of this letter, together with a review: Surnames in the study of human biology. American Anthropologist 82 (1980) 525-538, in which he first cited me. Later, he invited me to speak on this subject at an international meeting he had organized. He could expect that it would be completely impossible for me to accept this invitation. He never addressed the content of the letter to Katayama in public. So he could continue to enjoy his by and large undisputed authorship, and one can read in his obituary: "He became the foremost authority in the world on the use and interpretation of surname analyses for evolutionary studies." 15Also in his book, Surnames and genetic structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1985, he quoted me in passing. - In all, I know of 29 citations to date of my 1974 paper published in EAZ - rather a lot for such an aberrant topic - 4 of them by Lasker; of the English version in Mankind Quarterly in 1980, a total of 23 citations.
Lasker has published altogether 80 works, at least a dozen included in this number. whose basic idea he had found in each case with me, published by him then, without quoting the originator, eighty is not excessively much for a "world authority". If one has nevertheless gained such a reputation with it, one must have been a pleasant and collegial person and a popular and capable university teacher. Moreover, the aged scientist with a world reputation received money for years for feeding on the preliminary work of an unknown young German man who lived behind the Iron Curtain and never received any money or recognition as his supplier of ideas. For me, it was tuition money that I had to pay, and which caused me to learn English for active use.
For Eastern bloc scientists the story is not atypical, and it can be told by almost any original mind in its own way: Even Czech, Romanian, Bulgarian, etc. Scientists often had no choice but to publish in
15 Crawford, Michael H.: Obituary: Gabriel Ward Lasker (1912-2002). American Journal of Human Biology 15 (2003) 410-414 10 journals in their national language. If someone in the West was linguistically literate, he could pick up original ideas published in such languages and pass them off as his own with impunity.
3. ping-pong with Arthur Jensen (1923-2012)
Around 1980, Jensen16 and I must have had the temporary impression that we were copying from each other. In these years he sent me all his works, which still fill a large box in my house, and preprints in thick letters, I also sent him mine. For Jensen, the impression of my copying may have arisen from the fact that at that time I also improved my active English by memorizing passages from his and some others' works, and thus certain phrases were found verbatim in my publications. However, it was never a matter of mere intellectual theft of the contents. I would not have been able to assign the memorized sentences to specific authors, which plagiarism software could do afterwards.
Hans-Jürgen Eysenck (1916-1997)17 and Arthur Jensen were the two most cited psychologists in the world around that time, but very different characters. Eysenck was always eager to stimulate and promote others and cited my work very often; Jensen was focused on himself, always citing himself most often and me never. A different behavior on his part would, in my opinion, have advanced things more rapidly and thoroughly at the time. But Jensen is described by all who knew him personally as "very strong in character".
Eysenck had drawn Jensen's attention in 1964 during his stay in London to: Roth, E.: Die Geschwindigkeit der Verarbeitung von Information und ihr Zusammenhang mit Intelligenz. Zeitschrift für
16 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Jensen 17 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Eysenck 11
Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie 11 (1964) 616-622. For years I had an offprint from Roth's school in my desk in the top drawer, so that it had to catch my eye every working day: Oswald, Wolf D.: Über Zusammenhänge zwischen Informations- verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, Alter und Intelligenz beim Kartenortieren. Psychologische Rundschau 22 (1971) 197-202.
From the effort to find explanations for the correlations found by Roth and Oswald, the parallel work of Jensen and me on the meaning of elementary cognition and its connection with IQ developed. With "Quantum Mechanics of Intelligence" in 1986, I went beyond Jensen's horizon and that of established psychometrics.
Jensen, appointed by Eysenck as a reviewer, endorsed the printing of my paper "Major genes of general intelligence" in 1992 18and likewise, again through Eysenck's mediation, the eligibility I then received from the Stanford Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences. 19
In the book "The g Factor" . Westport: Prager 1998, on p. 254 Jensen even deigned to quote Frank's formula of working memory capacity from a paper by Siegfried Lehrl. It had taken Eysenck, Chris Brand (1943-2017), 20and me a lot of persuasion and help to get Lehrl to publish 21his basic insights and results in English. With this citation in his book, the old master Jensen had given his blessing.
18 Weiss, V.: Major genes of general intelligence. Personality and individual Differences 13 (1992) 1115-1134 19 That I did not get a leave of absence from the Free State of Saxony for a year at Stanford is another story. Weiss, V.: The extended SächsArchReport. A documentation of the head of the German Central Office for Genealogy 1990-2007. Neustadt an der Orla: Arnshaugk 2019. 20 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Brand 21 Lehrl, S. and B. Fischer: The basic parameters of human information processing, for the reconstruction of intelligence. Personality and individual Differences 9 (1988) 883-896 12
4. the socialization of the addresses of the twin pairs and the mathematics gifted ones
In 1980 the 22nd International Congress of Psychology took place in Leipzig. For my contribution22 at this congress Hans Jürgen Eysenck came into the lecture hall and left it again after my contribution. Before leaving, he had invited me to dinner in a hotel opposite Leipzig's main train station. There we sat together for several hours. This did not go unnoticed.
The next evening, I had invited to my private apartment half a dozen guests from almost as many countries, and we talked frankly. State Security also received its report from one of the GDR participants that evening.
When I 23moved from the German University of Physical Culture (DHfK) 24to the Central Institute for Youth Research (ZIJ) in 1977, I brought with me the addresses of 3000 pairs of twins (the twins of an entire birth cohort of the GDR), whose data and athletic test values I had evaluated.25 (In genetics in competitive sports research, my investigations at that time are now considered classics). In the "Zentralstelle für Genealogie in der DDR" (Central Office for Genealogy in the GDR) in Leipzig the data and addresses of the 1329 test persons of my investigations on mathematical-technical giftedness were archived.
In 1981, after long preliminary considerations, research projects were started at the Central Institute for Youth Research, for which the twin addresses and in particular the high-flyers of my
22 Weiss, V.: The psychophysiological equivalent of the major gene locus of general intelligence. XXII. International Kongreß für Psychologie, Leipzig 1980, p. 398 23 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Institute_f%C3%BCr_Youth_Research 24 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_K%C3%B6rperkultur 25 Weiss, V.: The heritabilities of athletic tests calculated from the performances of ten-year-old twin pairs. Competitive Sports 9 (1979) 171-177 13 dissertation26 were to provide the initial data. However, the director of the institute, Prof. Walter Friedrich (1929-2015)27, who had promoted and supported my research since 1977, had a profound change of opinion during this time. After I had arranged for the loan of the gifted index cards to the Institute and had edited the first questionnaire to the gifted, I was completely excluded from this research. Friedrich: "The name Weiss must not be associated with this study of the highly gifted again."
That I had fallen out of favor was known to everyone in the Institute, and so it was not left out that two colleagues, Dr. Otmar Kabat vel Job and Harri Schulze, known to all of us as the Institute's official liaison to the State Security, wanted to make their mark and put themselves in a particularly favorable light with the director by raising methodological objections to my research results, up to and including the vicious accusation that I had falsified data. At this point, this came as a welcome surprise to Friedrich, and he had these accusations carefully examined. In the latter point with a negative result (these accusations were then never returned to). However, I was excluded from the longitudinal twin study and Kabat vel Job was mainly responsible for this.
However, the processes and backgrounds are much more complex28, and cannot and should not be the subject here, since this is supposed to be about theft of intellectual property. On the basis of the highly gifted addresses procured by me, at least half a dozen dissertations A and B (i.e. habilitation theses) were produced at the Institute in the years 1984-1988. In content, however, largely with questions that were not directly related to my dissertation. To cite my publications and especially my monograph "Psychogenetics: Human Genetics in Psychology and Psychiatry", published in 1982, was a taboo, which
26 Weiss, V.: Ergebnisse zur Genetik der mathematisch-technischen Begabung, erzielt mit soziologischer Methodik. Berlin: Humboldt University, Biosciences Department 1972. 27 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Friedrich_(Psychologist) 28 Weiss, V.: The intelligentsia and its enemies: the rise and fall of industrial society. Graz: Ares 2012 14 was observed in the Central Institute for Youth Research from 1983 on.
At a chance meeting in the German Library in December 1989, Walter Friedrich apologized to me for the 1980-83 reprisals. "It should never have come to this," he said. I accepted his apology.
Kabat vel Job was appointed professor in Halle/Saale in the last year of the GDR. However, since the state government in Saxony-Anhalt was aware of his inglorious role and his collaboration with the Stasi collaborator, he was dismissed from Halle after 1990. The last science minister of the GDR, Hans Joachim Meyer29 , had in the meantime become science minister of the Free State of Saxony and appointed Kabat vel job again as professor of developmental and educational psychology, this time in Chemnitz. Who knows what the minister had been told about Kabat vel Job's special merits and qualifications.
Unfortunately, my personal relationship with Hans-Georg Mehlhorn (1940-2011) developed under a particularly unfortunate star during this period. Under his leadership, I remember a particularly successful phase of my working life from 1977 to the summer of 1980. But at the end of 1981 it was made clear to him that he himself would get into trouble if he continued to be loyal to my work results. At the January 1983 meeting of the Conflict Commission (a kind of internal court session), he declared, to my utter amazement, that he no longer had confidence in my work because the sample sizes I had published among the mathematically gifted did not match the data that had since been turned over to the Central Institute for Youth Research. I considered this justification a malicious fabrication for a decade and his appointment as professor in 1985 as the Judas reward for it. Personal contact between Mehlhorn and me broke off completely in 1983.
29 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Georg_Mehlhorn 15
But how great was my surprise in 1993 when, while preparing the repeat survey of30 the participants in the GDR Mathematical Olympiads, which I was able to conduct31 as the now head of the German Central Office for Genealogy, I discovered that in 1982 the Central Institute for Youth Research had unintentionally withheld a box (it was located elsewhere) with archived material containing 29% of the test persons' questionnaires and addresses, moreover the particularly significant ones from the 1971 survey. Mehlhorn had therefore not made a false statement in 1983! I picked up the phone and called him. If, however, trust had not been undermined on all sides in 1983, then my assurances should have been the occasion for a check on this point as well, and the missing box could have been found at that time.
Prof. Werner Hennig of the ZIJ casually told me in 1991 that the Institute had purposefully and completely destroyed all documents about the events surrounding my person and my work. Probably they had feared in the spring of 1990 that I would also use my temporary position of political power32 in the city of Leipzig to shed light on the background of the events from 1980 to 1984. Also the data lists of the 3000 twin pairs, which would be very interesting for a follow- up study, unfortunately remained untraceable. - I have handed over my own records of the events to the Leipzig University Archives.
30 Weiss, V,: Mathematical giftedness and family relationship. European Journal of High Ability 5 (1994) 58-67 31 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Zentralstelle_f%C3%BCr_Genealogy 32 Weiss, V.: Die Rolle der 1990 in Leipzig gegründeteten Deutschen Sozialen Union (DSU) bei der Einigung Deutschlands. In: Zwahr, H., Schirmer, U. and H. Steinführer (eds.): Leipzig, Central Germany and Europe. Festgabe für Manfred Straube und Manfred Unger zum 70. Geburtstag. Beucha: Sax 2000, pp. 243-253. 16
5. Peter Propping (1942-2016)
In 1982, Gustav Fischer Verlag33 in Jena published my monograph "Psychogenetics: Human Genetics in Psychology and Psychiatry" as volume 12 in the series "Genetics: Fundamentals, Results and Problems in Individual Presentations" edited by34 Hans Stubbe (1902-1989). It is the only serious reference book on this subject ever published in a communist country.35 The struggle to obtain permission to print this book was a long story in itself, but it will not be discussed here. Nor is it about the fact that the book cost me my job at the ZIJ in Leipzig at the time and could only be defended as a habilitation thesis in Halle/Saale in 1990 after German reunification.
Like all my major works, this book contains distinctly original sections and methodological elaborations that I hoped would have long-term effects. In 1982, after the book appeared, I told colleagues I expected it to receive about 200 citations and reviews. Now, by the end of 2020, I know of 156 citations (a reprint included) and 33 reviews. Due to the tumultuous development of molecular genetics, parts of the book are now completely outdated, but not all of the basic explanations. When the historians of science will deal with the history of the subject36, the number of 200 will be reached.
The term psychogenetics, which I wanted to establish in the German language of science in my definition and in analogy to its use by Soviet colleagues, has not become established. Only once the search engine google.books indicates a symposium on "psychogenetics" for
33 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Fischer_Verlag 34 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Stubbe 35 Hagemann, Rudolf: The development of genetics in the GDR (in comparison with the old FRG and West Berlin). Negotiations on the History and Theory of Biology 20 (2017) 119-144. 36 In approach: Schulz, J., Pittelkow, J., and U. Hossfeld: On the development of human genetics in changing tensions between politics and pragmatism. Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology 21 (201) 181-204. 17
1985 or 1986, which was organized under the direction of Peter Propping of the German Society for Human Genetics. I was not able to find out more details. However, the term competed internationally with the older understanding of "genetic psychology" in the sense of Jean Piaget (1896-1980)37, from which "behavior genetics" is unambiguously distinguished, but not "psychogenetics".
In the spring of 1989, Peter Propping published the monograph Psychiatric Genetics: Findings and Concepts. Berlin: Springer. Some parts of the book, such as "1.2.3 Levels of genetic analysis" and "1.2.5 Multifactorial inheritance - a makeshift", one can see by comparing the text with my "Psychogenetics" that Propping used my book as an intellectual template. The same arguments, the same illustrations from the publications of third authors - that is nothing honorable, rather a pleasant professional agreement, which one could find confirmed by it. If there would not be completely missing any mention and citation of the "psychogenetics" of a Volkmar Weiss.
On 23.1.1984 Propping had written to me from Bonn: " ... many thanks for sending me the 'Psychogenetics' and the Separata. I was very pleased and received numerous suggestions from the book. The literature in this field is scattered to an extent that is difficult to survey. ... "Propping and I met personally in 1987 at a Leopoldina meeting in Halle/Saele. Propping afterwards on 25.1.1988 from Bonn to me: " ... Our conversation on the occasion of the meeting in Halle gave me pleasure ... . Since I have been in Bonn, I have been working on a textbook on psychiatric genetics. I am already quite depressed, because I underestimated the scope and complexity of the subject ... ". Propping worked in Bonn from 1984, he must therefore have received my "Psychogenetics" immediately after taking up his post there and started his book. In Halle in 1987 he had been 38able
37 fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget 38 In 1984 I had to and was allowed to exchange hobby and profession and to commit myself never again to publish anything about "intelligence" or even "genetics of intelligence". I did not keep this obligation. From 1984 to 1990, I was a research assistant at the Research Center for Regional History at the Central Institute for History of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR in Berlin. I attended the 1987 18 to convince himself that I had been completely pushed aside professionally, and my work seemed to offer itself to him for uninhibited and unpunished exploitation.
Then came German unity. Somehow the matter was a bit embarrassing for Propping. The professor invited me to a congress of the German Society for Human Genetics in Bonn in March 1990. The poor bastard from the East received kind words and a few hundred West Marks for travel expenses and out of gratitude did not ask any uncomfortable question. And with that we had seen each other for the last time. Propping never quoted me. If I had ever had the illusion that, after reunification, West German colleagues would advocate that I could resume a professional career as a geneticist, I would have lost it in 1990. Fortunately, I had no misconceptions about the realities of Western society, and that had prevented me from applying to leave the country for the West as early as 1983.
Such were the experiences of many distinguished scientists from the East during German reunification in 1990. For a brief moment, we were passed around like rare animals that could suddenly and quite unexpectedly appear in the fenced pastures and be gawked at in the flesh, only to be eliminated as possible troublesome food competitors.
In 2001, Peter Propping was appointed by the Federal Cabinet as a member of the National Ethics Council. Surely no one better could have been found for such an office. Propping received several scientific awards starting in 2003 and died in 2016. He never thought it wise to contradict what is written here, which you can read on my homepage since 2008. Just as none of the other living people mentioned in this column has ever contradicted.
Leopoldina conference in Halle as a private person, without the knowledge of my Berlin office. 19
6. Werner Krause (born 1938) 39
The setting this time is the Fechner Symposium, which took place in Leipzig in July 1987. I took part in it unofficially as an audience member, since my employment as a historian in Berlin gave me a lot of time freedom.
Prof. Hans-Georg Geissler40 , a psychologist also trained as a physicist, did research on quantum states of the central nervous system. I myself had published my first contribution to a "Quantum mechanics of intelligence" in 198641. The editor of this journal was Hans-Jürgen Eysenck, who had also appointed a Nobel laureate in physics as a reviewer of my paper, as Eysenck wrote in a prefatory accompanying note on pages 731-736. A second version of my work had been printed in the appendix of the Dortmund reprint of "Psychogenetics" in 198642, a third one under the pseudonym Hjalmar S. Weisman in the USA. With these (in and of themselves absolutely forbidden to me) activities and publications behind me, I asked Hans-Georg Geissler for a talk at this symposium, since I had discovered 43a direct bridge between his and my empirical figures and considerations. When I entered Geissler's workroom, Werner Krause was still in the room, who had been appointed professor in Jena the same year and had just spoken with Geissler. Geissler asked me if I would mind if Krause stayed in the room and listened to us. No, I said.
It may have been an hour long, in which I was concerned to explain to Geissler the bridging to his work resulting from the sampling
39 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Krause_(Natural Scientist) 40 research.uni-leipzig.de/agintern/CPL/PDF/Geissler_HansGeorg.pdf 41 Weiss, V.: From memory span and mental speed towards the quantum mechanics of intelligence. Personality and individual Differences 7 (1986) 737-749 42 Weiss, V.: Memory as a macroscopic ordered state by entrainment and resonance in energy pathways. In: Weiss, V., Lehrl, S. und H. Frank: Psychogenetik der Intelligenz. Dortmund: Modernes Lernen 1986, S. 201-221 43 Weiss, V.: Memory span as the quantum of action of thought. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive 14 (1995) 387-408 20 theorem in its inner logic, supported by the publications already made by me and further calculations. The whole time Krause listened anxiously and nodded occasionally, but did not say a word.
In the following years, Krause founded a line of work in Jena with collaborators in which I have come to believe that in the thinking and in the concepts the fruit of his listening and partial understanding can be clearly seen. Especially if one compares Krause's work before and after 1987. Krause had also once studied electrical engineering (as my son Harald did later) and came from Berlin from the Klix school of general psychology, so that the vocabulary of my work was already partly known to him. His co-workers and he also set their own accents in their research. However, I could never recognize a fundamental qualitative continuation beyond what I had already achieved. When I took note of his work, it always seemed to me as if I were in an ivory tower and was looking down on people who were struggling on the lower floors of the tower, pulling in partitions without reaching higher.
In the following years, Krause thanked me kindly when I later sent him more recent offprints of mine on the subject. But it could not induce him to quote me even once.
I therefore came to the opinion that the professor and his staff profited for at least 16 years from overheard conversation and partially understood publications which they never cited. As evidence, I would like to cite only one publication from Krause's final spurt as professor:
Krause, Werner and Gundula Seidel: Biological Foundations of Mind. Higher order - shorter times: general psychological and differential investigations of entropy reduction. In: Krause, Bodo and Werner Krause (eds.): Psychology in the Context of the Natural Sciences. Contributions to human information processing. Festschrift for Friedhart Klix on the occasion of his 75th birthday. Berlin: Trafo
21
2004, pp. 189-214 (= Abhandlungen der Leibniz-Sozietät 12).
A few keywords from this work: EEG, investigation of mathematically gifted persons, information entropy, on p. 196 the formula for the number of microstates (in 1985 I had searched for months in the quantum mechanical literature for the applicable formula; I had to learn to understand this first), IQ, Cavanagh constant, memory span, working memory capacity - you can find the formulas and relations almost all with me, 1986 and in the subsequent publications.
I myself consider this "Quantum Mechanics of Intelligence" as my most important and profound scientific achievement. In this work I have invested about three years of lifetime knowledge acquisition in Theoretical Physics and certain special fields of Mathematics and Information Theory. This work is so interdisciplinary and highly complex that it can be understood only after months of additional study of the cited literature, even with a very specialized background.
I had expected that the conditions for a reception of the last version of this work, written in 2002 (published in 2003)44, would only mature in about 50 years. I was all the more surprised when in 2008 an international working group used this work as a basis for the interpretation of their empirical data. 45
If Krause had acted according to the principle that extraordinarily original research must cite and thus support each other if it is to achieve worldwide impact, he would have been spared my long- fostered suspicion. Personally, he may see it differently. And if I should even be wrong with my observation, I would be sorry.
44 Weiss, Harald und V. Weiss: The golden mean as clock cycle of brain waves. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 18 (2003) 643-652 45 Roopun, A. V., Kramer, M. A., Carracedo, L. M., Kaiser, M., Davis, C. H,, Traub, R., Kopell, N. J., and M. A. Whittington: Temporal interactions between cortical rhythms. Frontiers in Neuroscience 2 (2008) 145-154 22
7. Manfred Amelang (born 1939) 46
On November 18, 1995, I sent the following letter to Amelang in Heidelberg:
Dear Professor Amelang:
Today I found in your article "Extent and Distribution of Individual Differences" in the volume Grundlagen und Methoden der Differiellen Psychologie edited by K. PAWLIK of the Enzyklopädie der Psychologie, Serie VIII Differielle Psychologie und Persönlichkeitsforschung, Göttingen: Hogrefe 1996 (sic), on p. 50 an illustration which is very familiar to me, but which you have without any reference. This is regrettable, since the train of thought is presumably not yet so self-evident and obliterated among psychologists that one should do without the source (HARRIS, German, 1974 or HARRIS 1966, English original). Since you reproduce the logic of the matter and its consequences (cf. e.g. EZE et al. 1974) only in part (e.g. the reference to the relationship between mean values and variances of the types is missing in your work), a source reference would certainly have been helpful for the more profoundly searching reader.
For the first time this same figure in the context used by you has been quoted by me already in 1974 (in Biologisches Zentralblatt 93 on p. 312), in the monograph "Psychogenetics: Humangenetics in Psychology and Psychiatry" Jena: Gustav Fischer 1982, on p. 24, likewise in the reprint which appeared under the title "Psychogenetics of Intelligence" 1986 in Dortmund: Modernes Lernen. Then again in the paper "Major genes of general intelligence," Person. individ. Diff. 13 (1992) at p. 1124, and now again in the Invited Editorial of Intelligence 20 (1995) at p. 117 (see
46 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Amelang 23
Appendices).
If perhaps not from one of these papers, you are familiar with the illustration and logic of the matter from the short lecture (topic: "Is Intelligence Normally Distributed?") which I gave in May 1994 in Halle/Saale before the appointment committee to which you belonged (it was about the C4 for Differential Psychology). I am pleased that my lecture did not remain without consequences. It is a well-known fact that textbooks and encyclopedias are often 1 to 3 decades behind the research front. So it is an intellectual pleasure for me, in spite of the friendly critical reference to the missing source, to find again an illustration, which was brought into the discussion by me 22 years ago in this context.
I was less amused, but on the contrary downright shocked, when I read Heinz GIESEN's review of Peter BORKENAU's book (1993) "Anlage und Umwelt" in Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht 42 (1995) 1, pp. 82-83: "After MERZ and STELZL's pioneering work of 1977 and ASENDORPF's book "Keiner wie der andere" of 1988, BORKENAU has presented a third German-language introduction to behavioral genetics." I could not abstain from sending Mr. GIESEN works of mine with the dedication: "Excuse me, I am also German!"
In general, it is a mystery to me, with my understanding of the also technical side of scientific work, how one can overlook a monograph which alone has received 33 reviews and so far about 90 citations in East and West (as also BORKENAU, now professor in Halle/S., credibly assured me). And if we are already talking about the third German-language book, then it is this excellent work by Florian VON SCHILCHER: Vererbung des Verhaltens. An introduction for biologists, psychologists and physicians. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme 1988. 1988 Stuttgart was already in Germany. But where was Jena?<
The occasion for this letter is apparently a trifle, because of which alone I would certainly not have written to Amelang in this way and 24 would certainly not find it worth mentioning here in the context of "intellectual theft". If one finds in a work an illustration or the table of a third party, which seems to be convenient for one's own argumentation, it is quite usual and legitimate to take over this table or illustration, with citation of the original source (which, however, one should look at again in the original itself before), but not necessarily with citation also of the work, by which one became attentive to this source. This already results from the requirement not to unnecessarily inflate bibliographies. In the present case the missing picture source had been omitted by mistake, as Amelang assured me in a very friendly answer.
However, the actual cause of my aggressive displeasure remained unspoken in our correspondence in 1995. In May 1994, the Secretary of State in the Ministry of Science of Saxony-Anhalt was still Prof. Hans-Albrecht Freye (FDP) (1923-1994)47, Secretary General of the Leopoldina, reviewer of my habilitation on "Psychogenetics" and long-time supporter of my scientific activities (as far as it was in his power). These "relations" were also no secret to the appointment committee in Halle/Saale, and Amelang now wanted to make sure, after my presentation to the committee, that not I but his protégé Peter Borkenau would be appointed to the C4 for Differential Psychology. Amelang therefore asked, "Isn't what they are doing with their research the same thing that was done in the Nazi era?" The question was purposefully malicious. I had done my research in the socialist GDR. In the Nazi era, IQ tests were reviled as "Jewish tests" and were virtually banned. The top scientist in my field of work, the Jew Wilhelm Peters (1880-1963) 48, author of the book "The Inheritance of Mental Qualities" (1925), had emigrated in 1933 and no equivalent or better book had appeared during the entire Nazi period.
But what did that count for? The appointment committee was
47 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Albrecht_Freye 48 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Peters_(Psychologist) 25 influenced in the desired way and Peter Borkenau was appointed and stayed until 2015.
On December 10, 1995, I replied to Amelang:
"I could not have imagined that unification would be carried out so strongly as a one-sided colonization process and that it would be so difficult or almost impossible for me to continue working at an academic level even after 1990. Both to the event in Warsaw and to several congresses here in Leipzig this year, I had to take leave in order to be able to attend, and this year I had to pay for all the special printings myself.
In Warsaw I could feel very comfortable among colleagues from all over the world and realize that my work is known far more than I already knew. “
When I visited Prof. Franz Fliri (1918-2008) 49, once rector of the University of Innsbruck, in his house in Baumkirchen in Tyrol in 1996, he spontaneously said to me when I entered: "You don't have to tell me anything, Mr. Privatdozent with gray temples. In 1938, many people here thought it was their turn. But the chairs were quickly filled by people from the Reich."
49 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Fliri 26
8. working memory capacity is fledged
In his 1959 dissertation, Helmar Frank (1933-2013) 50transferred Shannon's formula of channel capacity to the mental receptivity of humans. A flash of inspiration that was then applied by Siegfried Lehrl51 in psychometric test procedures. Without Frank's formula and Lehrl's data, a "quantum mechanics of intelligence" would not have come about.
The fact that Frank's formula of working memory capacity, which he called short memory capacity, is still not part of the basic knowledge of every textbook on the subject has two main reasons: First, the pronounced shyness, even aversion, of Frank and Lehrl towards English-language publications. Secondly, the coining of new technical terms by them again and again, i.e. present duration instead of memory span etc., instead of occupying the naturalized technical terms of psychology with their new and profound content.
The idea that a different working memory capacity could be the key to IQ differences, indeed their essential cause, has also come to others in the last decades, in other ways and independently of Frank and Lehrl. But it is difficult for me to understand, if one works with questions and methods of information psychology, and many do, why one pretends that the works of Frank, Lehrl and other authors of the Erlangen school of information psychology do not exist at all.52
German colleagues Heinz Holling, Miriam Vock, Werner Wittmann, Klaus Oberauer, Heinz-Martin Süß, Ralf Schulze and Oliver Wilhelm, for example, cannot claim that they have never heard of Helmar Frank and his formula. For many years I have sent copies of offprints of Lehrl's papers to all colleagues who have ever worked on
50 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmar_Frank 51 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegfried_Lehrl 52 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlanger_School_of_Information_Psychology 27
working memory in the world.
I have come to appreciate Siegfried Lehrl as an extraordinarily helpful scientist, never felt exploited by him. The term "brain jogging" may have been coined by him. However, there are no patents on terms, and the idea and market were attractive to others as well. - During the Leipzig fairs, Lehrl visited us privately in Leipzig and, on his return trip, took manuscripts of mine (without title page and author), which he then forwarded to Eysenck. We had agreed that Lehrl would have passed off the manuscripts as his own if he had been subjected to a strict check, as Frank was when he crossed the border in East Berlin and met me on Unter den Linden.
Research on working memory capacity in particular was and is attractive for the German colleagues named above. At least five of them come from a working group in Mannheim. From there, they have spread out to various universities and other countries, apply for and obtain research funding from sources scattered all over the world, diligently cite each other, and form a typical citation cartel. However, what I have not been able to discover in their publications so far is anything new fundamental and further to the understanding of working memory. One trick of such a group of people is to cite each other's work only from the very last years and to introduce new technical terms. This gives the appearance to third parties of a very dynamic research landscape, full of rapid and important advances.
Even someone who has been working in a field of research for many years can still come across valuable work by predecessors that he or she had previously missed. Everyone who works scientifically with zeal makes mistakes when citing. For example, when I 53published "Memory span as the quantum of action of thought" in 1995, I forgot to cite: Kyllonen, P. C. and R. E. Christal: Reasoning ability is (little more than) working memory capacity?! Intelligence 14 (1990) 389- 433, although I knew this work and considered it extremely
53 Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive 14 (1995) 387-408. 28 important for my argumentation. I was very annoyed about this and made up for the citation later at every suitable opportunity. With the abundance of literature in some fields, some works remain unnoticed or unknown, without any bad intention on the part of the colleagues.
Up to this point the text to this point was written by me already in 2008 and could be read since then in such a way on my homepage. In the meantime it may have come to a further development with the mentioned group of persons, in particular with the younger ones, which is beyond my judgment. So that no misunderstanding arises: Here under point 8. it is not about plagiarism, but about why results and research approaches of a whole school are deliberately ignored. That Frank's, physically defined, energy measure of mental capacity, instead of the IQ related to the mean value of a population, is a revolutionary insight, which one could and should at least take note of critically.
29
Follow-up remark on items 1. to 8.
As I know from conversations with colleagues, the experiences described are not isolated cases or even particularly blatant. In the past, however, there were hardly any possibilities for individual scientists to defend themselves effectively against intellectual theft. The scientific societies, which are most likely to have the competence to do so, usually refuse to investigate the accused or even to pillory convicted colleagues because of the frequency of the cases. Who has the time or would be paid to check representation and counterstatement? And the wider public has so far only become aware when, for example, doubts are raised at a Nobel Prize award ceremony as to whether everything has been done properly, or a well-known politician has his dissertation picked to pieces. The average scientist who was robbed, on the other hand, had to bottle up his disappointments. However, electronic media, the Internet and the facilitated possibilities of self-publishing now offer a way to document cases. If wanted, the examination of the facts by third parties is then at least possible. The imitators should know from now on that they may have to pay a price and risk their reputation in the case of intellectual theft.
In retrospect, one can conclude, intellectual theft and dishonorable behavior can be a successful strategy in the sciences to accelerate one's own scientific career and to consolidate one's position. Intellectual theft is particularly effective when a group acts together and forms a network. - The person who has been robbed should be in an outsider position, if possible, so that he has hardly any effective possibilities to successfully brand the theft as such. The Jew Engel and his heirs found themselves in a completely lawless position vis- à-vis Reiners when his book was Aryanized. In many cases, the person who was robbed might even expose himself to the danger of being accused of slander if he tried to defend himself, even more so against a group of people. Or to make himself ridiculous, since 30 independent multiple discoveries are rather the rule than the exception and just a condition for the recognition of an idea and development.
That e.g. the distinctive mental abilities of many humans, who live in the northern hemisphere in cold climatic regions, could be connected with the selection on survivability under cold conditions, is such an obvious thought54 that it might have come to numerous researchers independently of each other. Also already many decades back one can find in the literature conjectures to this effect. A priority dispute about a "cold winter theory" is therefore simply idle, because it is not a "theory", but nothing more than a very obvious hypothesis.
When I noticed in 2004 that the proper conversion of PISA scores to the IQ scale or vice versa within the measurement error leads to almost identical mean values between PISA figures and the results of a century of research with intelligence tests, I submitted this to German-language psychology journals and collected several rejections. As a result, the first notes about it appeared in rather offbeat journals.55 At the same time, one could read on my homepage in English the conversion formula, the country results and the results for the Italian regions, among others, as far as such data were known at that time, and some more. This was clicked many
54 Weiss, V.: Major genes of general intelligence. Personality and individual Differences 13 (1992) 1115-1134. "During the ice ages somewhere in Eurasia there arose the superior M1-mutant. This mutant must have conferred a selection advantage and spread. ... A pack of mammoth hunters of about a dozen men with an IQ of 94 and half a dozen heterozygotes with an IQ of 112, led by an alpha male with an IQ of 130 became an optimal foraging unit. Such a one-level hierarchy, based on a division of labour correlated with intelligence, was the prerequisite for the rise of multi-level societies. ” 55 Weiss, V: Germany IQ (still) 97, Turkey IQ 85 (Thoughts on PISA 2005. Münster 2004). Die Rundschau [Erfurt]. Journal for friends of culture and history issue 15 (March 2005) 32-35. - Weiss, V.: IQ of the States. Intelligence quotients can be calculated from PISA studies. Geistig fit, No. 1 (2005) 7-8. In agreement with Siegfried Lehrl, in the same issue of the journal appeared by him: PISA - a worldwide intelligence test. Geistig fit, No. 1 (2005) 3-6. - Weiss, V.: Education or genes? The PISA tests as a gigantic IQ test series. Eigentümlich frei, No. 54 (August 2005) 42-25. 31 thousand times, as my counter showed. I sent Richard Lynn the OECD PISA data as an email attachment in December 2004, since he could not download it at that time. It would have been nice if colleagues had at some point thanked me for breaking the ice and coining the term "Greenwich IQ." However, one has no moral claim to this if one practically throws data, formulas and terms out the window on one's homepage. However, the insights quickly became common knowledge, and that was what mattered to me.
Since the facts of necessary multiple detections or confirmations up to recognition are generally known and possible sanctions against thieves can hardly be sued successfully, this encourages imitation. After all, it usually pays off, as the cases described show. What would have been the point if I had tried to hang the cases of Lasker and Propping on the big bell? First of all, I didn't have any and who would have wanted to hear it ring? And in the Sarrazin case, which is still to be dealt with, it is also just an attempt to throw a stone at a media darling Goliath.
Those who have read the text up to this point might have gained the impression that someone who has been disappointed and bruised many times looks back on his scientific career with regret. This is by no means the case. The described strange events are contrasted with hundreds of scientists who have behaved correctly. A larger number of people have accompanied my path for years and a few even for decades in a beneficial way and helped me and my family in difficult situations with advice and action, even material support, for the sake of the cause and often without direct benefit of their own. If I wanted to thank them, I would have to write a text that would be much, much longer than this "indictment" is here.
It is striking that there is not a single historian among those I have sued. The larger time horizon of this subject and its own long-term memory seems to make theft difficult. Certainly, one could fill pages here as well with trivia one has encountered. But who does not encounter such things, and is one oneself always free of them? The 32 topic here was not the pettiness and occasional patheticness of some colleagues, for example in the form of "sweeping under the table" the manuscript submitted to an editor, but theft.
Who submitted a dissertation in the GDR was well advised to quote MARX and the respective First Party Secretary of the SED. MARX should be written in such a way, like GOD in old Bibles. In my dissertation and habilitation MARX is missing, but in "Die Intelligenz und ihre Feinde" (2012) Marx and Hitler are quoted verbatim with sentences where they have expressed themselves in an unsurpassable way. There are persons who call themselves scientists, for whom already such a thing is an absurdity. They pay strict attention not to quote opinions deviating from their point of view or contrary to it, or to quote them as little as possible. They also demand such behavior from their employees and from colleagues with whom they are in intellectual exchange. Anyone who deviates from such unwritten rules is subject to a ray of banishment.
All people are undoubtedly equal, only some are more equal. Whoever proves with statistics and writes that PISA studies and IQ tests measure the differences between countries and nations is by this alone a "racist" according to the standards valid today for good people and furthermore with logical inevitability a "right-wing extremist" if he also claims that IQ is also co-determined by genes.56 The good guys are now mutually obligated to make it difficult for the bad guys to express opinions of any kind, printed or unprinted, and to outlaw their names and works. In science this is difficult to keep up, unless one wants to push aside the rules of citation altogether. Many a dear, but not perfectly good, colleague then presses around: "If I quote you, I will get into trouble. Also, please don't tell anyone I spoke to you personally." One then mimes understanding for this, not wanting to spoil the friendly colleague's career just because he, as a philanthropist, has lowered himself to a conversation with an
56 Weiss, V.: Wikipedia als Tummelplatz des geistigen Lumpenproletariats. In: Mäckler, A. (ed.): Schwarzbuch Wikipedia. Höhr-Grenzhausen: Zeitgeist 2020, pp. 215-235. 33 evil outsider. And if you are then quoted sparingly, if at all, by the courageous person, there is only one answer: you pay back in kind, sparingly. And if not at all, then not at all.
9. the novel "The Thousand-Year Reich Artam" as a partial structural plagiarism of Orwell's "1984
The novel57 itself advertises itself with the following text: "Artam - one empire, one race, one tenth leader; the aristocratic counter-draft to Orwell's '1984'. Exciting and intellectually more profound than Huxley's 'Brave New World'. In 2084, while Old Europe has long since disintegrated in the Great Chaos, the new empire in the East is holding its own in perpetual defensive warfare against East Asian- backed partisans. In Reichsburg, the capital (formerly Kiev), lives Adrian Schwarz, Obersturmbannführer of the Black Corps and employee in the Reichsippenamt, married to Godela and her sister Gundula, both blond, blue-eyed and fertile. But for years he has had an affair with the spirited Russian Ludmila. Should their relationship be discovered, what will happen to their illegitimate son German? Will the Führer send Adrian into exile for racial defilement? Or, before that, do the Islamic Handshars, who know no race, seize power in a military coup?"
In art and beautiful literature, motifs and design possibilities are often taken up again and more or less modified. When I began writing "Artam" in 2005, I took George Orwell's world success "Nineteen Eighty-Four" as a model. The original English version of "1984" was playing on a cassette in the car, and I knew the text almost by heart (as well as "The Brave New World" by Aldous Huxley). This dense atmosphere of fear and lack of freedom in "1984," sustained and increasing until the hero's evaporation, was to
57 Two editions: Weiss, V.: Das Reich Artam. The alternative history. Leipzig: Engelsdorfer Verlag 2007 - Weiss, V.: Das Tausendjährige Reich Artam. The alternative history 1941-2099 Neustadt an der Orla: Arnshaugk 2011. 34 be broken through in "Artam," however, and end with the message of the inner change of all political systems.
Communists and National Socialists were characterized by utopian momentum, albeit in different directions. But every utopia that makes history is sooner or later broken by reality. Franco's Spain became a redistributive democracy, the Soviet Union became Putin's Russia, Mao's China grew into a new economic empire. The inevitable background change of all political systems and the utopias that inspire them, and thus also the change that a much longer existing leader's empire would have experienced in alternative history, all this takes place underground in the novel and its characters, which is why "Artam" is not a plagiarism of ideas.
A partial structural plagiarism, no doubt, and this has also been noticed by some reviewers who write on amazon.de: "genius or mediocre copyist? here we have a very special example of literary confectionery. apart from the fact that there could hardly be a more brazen plagiarism of 1984 in the german-speaking world. if you have orwell's bestseller on your shelf and right next to it this `work', you must inevitably suspect that you are looking at a mediocre copy." 58 Another says: "In its overall presentation, the work can certainly compete with an Orwellian '1984' and or Harris's 'Fatherland'. ... First of all, it is fascinating with what imagination and also naturalness Weiss describes life in the empire of Artam. It is a thoroughly elaborate, coherent model of society and history. The frightening thing, perhaps, is that the people of Artam have also adapted over the years to life within this system, and the state model is also still stable and economically and militarily successful. ... Weiss describes quite dryly the division by DNA, intelligence and performance, which assigns each citizen his status in society. While the FRG aims at equality and globalization, Artam is committed to inequality and autarky - with many disadvantages, because life in the Artam empire is worse in many respects. Thus, there is less multicultural diversity,
58 Matze aka Odin, review at amazon.de on September 13, 2010 35
'Germanic' cultural ideals instead of Hollywood, the population is completely monitored. Germans are given preferential treatment, of course, and the war on terror is also a constant topic. Artam sets itself 'völkisch' by broadly promoting mothers and the highly gifted, whereas the future 2100 of the 'old empire' West Germany looks bleak in this novel: due to childlessness, educational decline and over-foreignization, the German population is shrinking, dumbing down and eventually becoming partly Islamized." 59 Through my work as head of the German Central Office for Genealogy since 1990, I was confronted daily with the ideology of National Socialism, its foundations and effects. 60However, I had grown up and gone to school since 1950 in the spirit of socialism and communism, whose inner logic was so familiar to me that I always received top marks in the obligatory examinations in Marxism- Leninism during my studies. Nevertheless, I had witnessed and helped to shape the collapse of this system as inevitable. 61Critics of National Socialism, who as a rule look down on the Nazis from an intellectually superior external position, rarely grasp its inner logic and the resulting dynamics, and certainly not its probable political fate in an alternative history. The novel "Artam" also takes seriously - and this is its unique selling point - the utopias of the Führer's empire in their inner logic. In the process, the old empire of Germany is transformed in the novel in 1988 into the democracy we all know today. The conquered East, the new empire of Artam, is
59 Christian von Montfort, review at amazon.de on July 2, 2008, "Addendum: Those interested are recommended to read Adolf Hitler, 'Monologen im Führerhauptquatier 1941-1944'. There Hitler develops in amazing detail the future he saw for Germany. Hitler did not fight the world war for its own sake, but to build National Socialism as an alternative to capitalism and Bolshevism. Many ideas from these conversations have been incorporated into 'Das Reich Artam'. “ 60 Weiss, V.: Vorgeschichte und Folgen des arischen Ahnenpasses. On the history of genealogy in the 20th century. Neustadt an der Orla: Arnshaugk 2013 61 Weiss, V.: Speech, pp. 200-201, Interview, pp. 234-237. In: Beier, U. and U. Schwabe (eds.): 'Wir haben nur die Straße' - Die Reden auf Leipziger Montagsdemonstrationen 1989/1990. Eine Dokumentation. Halle/Saale: Mitteldeutscher Verlag 2016. 36 also transformed in the novel. 62 Artam is parody, utopia, dystopia and prognosis in one volume - and not what a first superficial judgment would like to arrive at.63 One reviewer captured it very well 64: "While in the Old Empire and in Old Europe the 88-ers prevail and the development around 1990 converges to the state we know today, in the conquered East the völkisch influenced elite of the new empire Artam still asserts itself in the 21st century. The 88-ies bring Old Europe into sharp ideological opposition to the racist Artam. Around 2030/2040 the author lets the earth sink in the 'Great Chaos'. This is reflected in the novel from the retrospective of 2080/90, and through this plot structure, apart from glossing over the actual development from 1945 to 2005, also a social prognosis up to about 2040 becomes possible. In 2050, the earth had the maximum of its population with about 9 billion, around 2090 then only 2 billion. Artam' is no longer alone with such a message, but what is special here is the frightening inner logic with which society is drifting towards chaos. This statement is especially bundled in chapter 17, a brilliant text on 'The Theory and Practice of Hierarchical Democracy' (designated as fictional teaching material of the security service of Artam, the Central Conscience, for the 'hero'). Those familiar with Orwell's '1984' will sense how the plot of 'Artam' develops in the opening chapters in a counter-draft almost like a play on Orwell's, only to gain more and more independence, tension and momentum from chapter to chapter. Analogous to Orwell, 'Das Reich Artam' can be understood as an anti-utopia with a satirical undertone, but also as a virtual reality, like North Korea is today in relation to Orwell's '1984'. On closer inspection, however, 'Artam' has a double and triple bottom, for the ingenious novel counteracts the zeitgeist and breaks just about every taboo. Just as in Orwell's '1984' the continuation of the totalitarian system at the end
62 It is no coincidence that I wrote the novel when I already had the draft in my head for Weiss, V.: Die Intelligenz und ihre Feinde: Aufstieg und Niedergang der Industriegesellschaft. Graz: Ares 2012 63 Niall Ferguson, Harvard University, 2008 an mich: "The most unusual book" 64 Hannibal, review at amazon.de on February 4, 2007 37 of the novel's plot is not a recommendation for North Korea-type communist systems, neither is the end of 'Artam' a recommendation for a real Black Corps empire. In Orwell there is a central arc of tension that breaks off when the hero's love affair is revealed. Several more sections are then devoted to his torture and destruction. - The different character of the hero and the different character of the system demand a different conclusion in 'Artam'. The Central Conscience sees no sense in destroying a precious family (Adrian, his two wives and his children), a precious illegitimate son and his mother (Ludmila) because of an abstract principle, but puts the exposure of racial shame in the service of the system. Adrian is blackmailed into cooperation by the Central Conscience. As a reward, he is also allowed to make business trips abroad - to the completely run-down Berlin and to the cosmopolitan Vancouver, capital of Ecotopia. Adrian hopes to contribute to the necessary internal reforms in Artam with truthful factual reports. A book by Kossek 'The History of the Germans in the Time of Their Deepest Humiliation' is discussed at his office, in which the actual course of history from 1941 to 1990 is treated as fiction. This literary construction (a novel within a novel) also provides ample opportunity for ridicule and irony related to our present. “
The novel's surprise ending is the real joke in the story! In a good detective novel (or detective film), the reader is led to make false assumptions throughout the plot, but in the background the resolution is nevertheless prepared and the true culprit is only revealed at the end. Thus, many who read "Artam" are misled and even believe, since language and style correspond to it, to be presented with a hidden hymn of praise to a certain ideology and form of society, until they end up disturbed and at a loss.
This is also the reason and should give the superficial interpreters of the novel food for thought that it has not been included in the delivery program of any so-called or actually "right-wing" mail-
38 order bookstore and that the English translation65 has not found a publisher in an English-speaking country to this day. They show interest, but they don't seem to like the ending at all. They understand that much about the novel. But also the difference between real literature and hidden political propaganda?
10 Thilo Sarrazin's successful book "Deutschland schafft sich ab" (2010) - to what extent is it a plagiarism of ideas and structure?
In the first week after the subordination of my until then independent office, the German Central Office for Genealogy, to the State Archives Leipzig in July 1995, I had begun to write the non-fiction book "The IQ Trap: Intelligence, Social Structure and Politics" (2000). 66It was clear to me that my scope of action in the service was very much curtailed by the subordination, and I therefore created a new private intellectual space for myself. I have never made a secret of the fact that in 1995 I initially intended only to translate the first three parts of the bestseller "The Bell Curve" and to omit the fourth part, which was very much tailored to American conditions. Only the refusal of the publisher of "The Bell Curve" to license such an abridged German translation and an encouragement by Hans-Jürgen Eysenck - "You can do it!" - led to my own book by 2000. The free editing and the consideration of the German instead of the American conditions in the first three parts and the extension
65 The Millenial Empire Artam: The Alternate History 1941-2099. Written by Volkmar Weiss, Translated by Tanya Fox. KDP 2020, available on amazon marketplaces all over the world
66 In the second half of 2020, antiquarian copies of this book will be offered and sold for 160 euros. The publishing house intends to bring out a reprint with a supplementary new preface in 2021.
39 by own thoughts and sections leave nevertheless no doubt: In many respects "Die IQ-Falle" is, alone by its genesis, a structural plagiarism of the "Bell Curve", which only in the fourth part completely breaks away from its original.
Andreas Kemper 67therefore writes correctly68 : "The biologist Volkmar Weiss published his book 'Die IQ-Falle' in the Austrian Leopold-Stocker Verlag. ... Six years earlier the book 'The Bell Curve' by Richard L. Herrnstein and Charles Murray had been published in the USA. Already the structures of the two books show similarities, which were deliberately produced by Volkmar Weiss. The adjacent table 69shows that the titles in the table of contents were partly worded identically and placed in the same order. Only in ... Part 4 the books thematically go their own ways differently. While Herrnstein/Murray primarily criticize affirmative action programs, Weiss compares the GDR and the FRG and addresses 'child friendliness' and immigration."
Where the original Herrnstein/Murray has been translated verbatim, the parts of the text in the "IQ trap" are correctly identified as citations; exact references to the content and existing paraphrases, where even plagiarism software is likely to reach its limits, are usually cited by a page reference in Herrnstein/Murray.
When Sarrazin published his book "Deutschland schafft sich ab" at the end of August 2010, colleagues and acquaintances approached me in the German Library in Leipzig and congratulated me. For anyone who knew "The IQ Trap" was in no doubt, Sarrazin had relied to a considerable extent on my advance work. Originally, according to his own words, his task and goal was to write a book
67 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Kemper, retrieved 29.12.2020 68 Kemper, A. : Sarrazin's German Language Sources. In: Haller, M and M. Niggeschmidt (eds.): The Myth of the Decline of Intelligence. From Galton to Sarrazin: The thought patterns and thought errors of eugenics. Wiesbaden: Springer VS 2012, pp. 49-67, here cited p. 50. 69 The entire p. 51 at Kemper factually correctly captures the "comparison of the tables of contents of 'Bell Curve' and 'IQ Trap'" 40 about the welfare state. Sometime in 2008, "Die IQ-Falle" must have come into his hands, which broadened his horizons.
My book was received by the public in 2000 in a way that - a decade after Sarrazin's book - unfortunately cannot be imagined in the same way, without hateful polemics against the content and the author. It took some time for the book, published in Graz, to be noticed in Germany. The journal "Forschung und Lehre", published on behalf of the Presidium of the German Association of Universities, drew attention to the book in No. 9 (2000) under "Neue Veröffentlichungen. Bücher über Wissenschaft," drew attention to the book and thus placed the discussion in a broad social context. The journal of the Foundation for Social History, "1999 - Zeitschrift für Sozialgeschichte des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts," which is close to the Reemtsma Institute, included it in its list of notable books in 16 (2001), H. 1, p. 240.
In addition to several reviews in professional journals, the full-page interviews in the "Welt am Sonntag" (on February 4, 2001, p. 30) by Heimo Schwilk 70"Deutschland in der Intelligenzfalle. Brisante Thesen des Leipziger Humangenetikers Volkmar Weiss über die Vererbung von Intelligenz und die gesellschaftlichen Folgen" and in the "Leipziger Volkszeitung" (already on 11.8.2000, p. 5 of the journal "Freie Stunden am Wochenende") by Mario Beck "Deutschland zehrt Begabungsreserve allmählich auf" attracted the attention of a wider public. On June 20, 2001, I was a speaker on the topic "Intelligence, Social Structure and Family Policy" at the 5th George Club Evening at the Wartburg in Eisenach. To introduce the topic, the CDU Minister of the Interior of Thuringia spoke. Under the title "IQ trap: Why knowledge workers are becoming rare", the magazine "Trendletter" discussed the book and my texts in its issue No. 5 (May 2002), p. 2. The Federal Agency for Civic Education also referred to "The IQ Trap" in a text section on "Brain drain in
70 Schwilk made the remark to me that if the book had been published in this quality of content by a large publishing house in Germany, 100,000 could have been sold. But no publisher had dared to take a bite! 41
German regions 2002"71.
When I pointed out in the section "Students with children should be a matter of course" (p. 248ff.) in the "IQ-trap" the family policy of the GDR from 1972 to 1989 which had been extraordinarily successful in this point, I could hardly imagine that the Federal Republic of Germany could ever bring about something like the Parental Allowance Act, as desirable as it seemed to me and as I also cited all the good reasons which spoke in favor of it. After Robert Scheithauer had pointed out the special importance of these text sections (p. 242ff.) on demography, 72he called me for the first time in 2003 and told me that the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs was considering drafting a parental allowance law based on the Swedish model. Renate Schmidt (SPD), mother of three, Federal Minister for Family Affairs from 2002, had had to leave high school at the age of seventeen because she was pregnant and had experienced for herself how difficult it was to gain a foothold and survive in professional life with children. In 2005, Ursula von der Leyen73 (CDU), a mother of seven, followed as Federal Minister for Family Affairs. Under these two ministers, extensive activities unfolded in the ministry and, in the background, tireless lobbying - Scheithauer kept me up to date with his phone calls - in which the best arguments were used to get the law passed. In any given generation, the majority of high achievers are not the children of academics, but upwardly mobile members of the middle class. This is shown by a simple calculation and consideration: The marriages of high-achievers to each other are a very small number of
71 Ebenrett, H. J., Hansen, D. and K. J. Puzicha: Loss of Human Capital in Regions with High Unemployment. In: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B 6-7 (February 3, 2003), pp. 25-31. Supplement to the weekly newspaper "Das Parlament". 72 Scheithauer, R. : 2003 - Germany after losing its elites. Genius 7 (2003) pp. 148- 150 73 On August 8, 2005, she had thanked me on letterhead "Dr. Ursula von der Leyen, Lower Saxony Minister for Social Affairs, Women, Family and Health" for sending her the "IQ Trap": "Especially since one may state without exaggeration that this is a topic of national interest. Against this background, I will gladly incorporate its suggestions into my political considerations." 42
all marriages. Much larger is the number of partnerships in which one partner has a very high intellectual capacity - whether woman or man, both partners each have an equal share for the capacity of their children - but the other partner has a rather medium capacity or both have a medium capacity. From such marriages come the majority of gifted and highly gifted people, who must be born in sufficient numbers in each generation and then educated, because without them no developed national economy can hold its own in competition.
All sociological research on education shows that intelligent parents also have children who are more intelligent than average. The sociologists believe to know that this (alone, means the sociologist; also, the geneticist) is because intelligent parents raise the children in a milieu, in which it comes almost inevitably to the fact that the children are also again intelligent. At this undoubted connection the main argument for the pro to the law started: If in 40% of the academic families no children grow up (in many further families only one child) - as in the old Federal Republic of Germany - then one gives away the education potential of these families. Instead, the state has to spend millions on educational support for the children of unqualified or low-skilled parents (some of whom even have many children), funds that educated and highly educated parents would raise of their own accord if they only had children or more than one. This argument in particular was used to override the objections of those for whom everyone should be equal. The Parental Allowance Act came into force on January 1, 2007. 74
When, in 2009, his interview in "Lettre International"75 alerted me to the fact that Sarrazin was writing a book for which I could supply
74 It had a serious birth defect right from the start. This is because, in order to optimize the benefits of parental allowance, women are motivated to postpone starting a family until a later date with a higher income, if possible. Instead, young, intelligent women - high school graduates, students - who want to have children and should be happy to do so, should be paid the monthly amount they would receive after completing their education as professionals at the age of 35 or 40. In addition: Weiss, V:. For a parental allowance FUTURE. KDP 2021 75 Berberich, F. and T. Sarrazin: Class instead of mass. LI 86, Fall 2009, p. 197 43 expertise hitherto unknown to him, I sent a thick briefs with copies to his office address at the Bundesbank in Frankfurt am Main without a covering letter. The letter contained: Rindermann, H.: What do international school achievement studies measure? School performance, student ability, cognitive ability, knowledge, or general intelligence? Psychologische Rundschau 57, 2 (2006) 69-86; Rindermann, H. : The g-factor of international cognitive ability comparison: the homogeneity of results in PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS and IQ-tests. European Journal of Personality 31 (2007) 667-706; Levels, M. and J. Dronkers: Educational performance of native and immigrant children from various countries of origin. Ethnic and Racial Studies 31 (2008) 1404-1425; Levels, M., Dronkers, J. and G. Kraaykamp: Immigrant children's educational achievement in Western countries: origin, destination, and community effects on mathematical performance. American Sociological Review 73 (2008) 835-853 as well as several papers by myself going beyond "The IQ Trap", in particular: Weiss, V.: On the Inheritance of Intelligence, Social Structure, and Family Policy. Eine Nachbetrachtung zum Bericht PISA 2000. Veröffentlichungen der Gesellschaft für Freie Publizistik 18 (2002) 31-59, my contributions from 2005 already mentioned above on the equivalence of PISA scores and IQ (which Rindermann confirmed in 2006 on a broader data basis) as well as Weiss, V. : Das Ende der ewig wachsenden Gemeinschaft. In: Deutsche Annalen, Jahrbuch des Nationalgeschehens 2005, pp. 166-195; Weiss, V.: Bevölkerungsqualität. The demographic transition to decline. In: German Annals, Yearbook of National Events 2007, pp. 7-50; and Weiss, V.: National IQ means transformed from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) scores and their underlying gene frequencies. The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies 34 (2009) 71-94.
Sarrazin correctly quotes Levels, Dronkers and Kraaykamp (2008) in his book, and especially this citation of the Dutch colleagues is proof for me that my letter was very convenient for him. One does not
44 expect a mention or even explicit thanks for this, if it serves the factual correctness and enlightenment of a broader public. Moreover, Sarrazin relies on the statistics that prove a correspondence between IQ test scores and PISA results, i.e., on Rindermann (2006), whom he cites, and on my work, which he does not cite, but which reads for long stretches like abridged versions of his arguments. Sarrazin's own ingredients were his style, his anti-Islamism and recent economic statistics, for which he is a proven expert.
Taking over the logical structure of a predecessor book without copying pages and pages verbatim is not considered plagiarism in the narrower sense if one acknowledges the original. Sarrazin also mentions and quotes my book, even in more places than his index shows at the end.
Frank Schirrmacher (1959-2014) asked Sarrazin during an interview for the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ) on Oct. 1, 2010: "We went to their sources." Sarrazin: ... "Also, of course, I read the controversial book by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray "The Bell Curve. Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life" ... read. ... Finally, psychologist76 Volkmar Weiss has had illuminating things to say about the dynamics of upward mobility and educational policy in the GDR." Schirrmacher: "Let me interject: Volkmar Weiss - are you aware of the environment we're talking about? Weiss also diagnoses "a worldwide dysgenic development, a worldwide drop in genotypic IQ." I do not want to offend Mr. Weiss, he was an Eysenck student77 , but my confidence in his abilities does not increase when I learn'Demography' of the Free State of Saxony at
76 Psychologist? From 1968 to 1970, I attended a number of courses at the Institute of Psychology at the Humboldt University in Berlin as a guest and made myself available as a test subject for experiments. I was also a member of the Society for Psychology in the GDR from 1972, and later a member of the German Society for Psychology until 2002, but I never took an academic examination in psychology. In May 1994, the appointment committee for the C4 professorship in Differential Psychology in Halle/Saale invited me to "audition". 77 Pupil? I met Eysenck in person three times (in Leipzig in 1980, in London in 1992, and in Warsaw in 1995), and he quoted me frequently, actually in each of his works on intelligence from 1980 on. 45 the suggestion of the NPD. " "I have only quoted Weiss where he is competent, namely with his findings on the GDR education system. His close relationship with one of the fathers of intelligence research, the British psychologist Jürgen Eysenck, attests to his expertise. His deplorable political aberrations in later years have nothing to do with it. “
Asked by Schirrmacher on his head what preliminary work Volkmar Weiss had actually done for him (since his citations tend to downplay this share), Sarrazin thought it opportune, instead of now giving credit to the truth, to deny the share and even to speak of "deplorable aberrations" on my part. This outrages me, since at that moment texts must have been present in his head that read like a summary of his book, only that they had already been published by me a few years earlier and had been sent to him in the letter in 2009. So, on the one hand, an SPD politician who rakes in millions with a book whose sources he tries to obscure, on the other hand, a scientist who could be amused by his role in the background if he were not also put in a corner by the big earner who profits from him. For the mass media, however, such a distribution of roles seems to be a matter of course, against which one must not defend oneself. What I am nevertheless trying to do here.
From another critical point of view78Kemper sees that : Sarrazin "has quoted Volkmar Weiss quite also in other contexts, partly even literally, without marking this. Thus it says in the 'IQ-trap' with Volkmar Weiss on page 27: 'If one would have to assume natural selection as result of the different living conditions of the races, one could not exclude the possibility of hereditary racial differences also in the psychological. ' And with Sarrazin we read on page 96 in 'Germany abolishes itself' the following: 'If one had to assume natural selection as the result of the different living conditions of ethnic groups, [...] one could not exclude the possibility of hereditary
78 Kemper, A.: Plagiarism at Sarrazin? , retrieved 1/1/2021, andreaskemper.org/2011/11/30/plagiarism-at-sarrazin/ 46 differences between ethnic groups also in the psychological. ' Only an intervening sentence was inserted and 'races' was replaced by 'ethnicities', 'racial differences' was replaced by 'differences between ethnicities'. This is not only a plagiarism in the sense that partial sentences were taken over literally without this being made clear with quotation marks, i.e. a verbal plagiarism, but additionally a 'falsification of documents', if one applies Sarrazin's standards of value. ... To whom Sarrazin - or better: to whom Volkmar Weiss, i.e. the creator of the text passage - refers with the quotation, namely Wilhelm Peters, is less important at this point. What is important here is that the Peters in question, in his essay 'Rassenpsychologie', published in the 1932 anthology 'Rasse und Geist', certainly did not literally speak about 'differences between ethnic groups', but about 'racial differences'. “
Kemper's criticism is rather petty at this point, because the two pages 96 and 97 - and they are not the only ones in the book, just the most conspicuous ones - are altogether from the "IQ trap" in terms of content, but Sarrazin also refers to it here in an endnote (and has forgotten in the index). For it is about the content and structure of the entire book. Kemper asks: "Sarrazin has earned millions with 'Germany is abolishing itself'. Why isn't he being sued by Volkmar Weiss?" First, it would not be my style, and second, structural plagiarism is a broad field for which legal costs and possible outcome would probably be out of proportion. Sarrazin's book as a plagiarism of ideas and structure of the "IQ trap", which itself is a structural plagiarism of the "Bell Curve", which Sarrazin himself has read, would be too much for lawyers to handle.
This brings us to the "deplorable aberrations" from which the SPD comrade Sarrazin believed he had to distance himself in 2010 so as not to jeopardize the maximization of sales of his book.
Left-wing extremists are sure that differences in thinking power are the result of social differences and that genes do not play a role; arch-conservatives and right-wingers think that the social position of 47 people is essentially determined by their hereditary endowment and that it should remain so. In between is science, where what one is allowed to say and print depends on how far the pendulum of publicly permitted opinion swings to the left or right, as do the sides from which one is praised or mentioned or insulted for one's work, or even worse
In the GDR, as in the Soviet Union since 1936,. IQ tests were forbidden.79 My dissertation "Results on the Genetics of Mathematical-Technical Talent" (1972) broke a taboo, the monograph "Pychogenetics: Human Genetics and Psychology and Psychiatry" (1982; the defense as a habilitation thesis was then only possible in 1990) is the only serious technical book ever published on this subject in an Eastern Bloc country. 80
The anthropologist Hubert Walter (1930-2008) 81was the first professor from the West whom I met personally at a conference in Jena in 1977. A private conversation ensued, in which he told me of his respect for the style and content of my scientific work: "Here in Bremen, you couldn't write like that and about that, the leftists would break your windows." - In 1990, my expectations about freedom in the Free World were accordingly realistic.
The fact that some people don't want to hear and suppress what others prefer to hear leads to a self-reinforcing spiral of invitations to give lectures and contributions and invitations to speak out, which Comrade Sarrazin should be familiar with by now. Either you stand by it and think that this is characteristic of a democracy, and you speak and write wherever you get the opportunity to say what you think is right, or you let yourself be intimidated, in which case
79 Weiss, V.: Any counter-opinion is fought as racism of the intelligentsia. Here and Now 16 (2010) 27-33 80 Hagemann, R.: The development of genetics in the GDR (in comparison with the old FRG and West Berlin). Negotiations on the History and Theory of Biology 20 (2017) 119-144. 81 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Walter_(Anthropologist) 48
damage control is not a sign of weakness.
For September 4, 2004, the Braunschweig regional association of the Junge Union had invited me to a lecture in Salzgitter-Bad. The member of the Bundestag constituency of the CDU listened and spoke afterwards. The text of my lecture could be 82read afterwards on my homepage, also in Riesa. From there came the offer to print the lecture. I agreed on the condition that the text would remain completely unchanged in terms of content - albeit with a new heading - and would be footnoted, for which it had originally been written. This was done83, except that questions were interspersed, making it read as an interview, but in reality it is a mock interview. 84
In May 2005, he was then appointed by the President of the Saxon State Parliament to an inquiry commission on demographic development. At the suggestion of the NPD. I have habilitated85 as a historian on the demographic and social history of Saxony and consider myself to be knowledgeable. I would not have avoided a proposal by any other party represented in the state parliament, just as, for example, I accepted an invitation from the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation to give a specialist lecture. However, it was beyond my imagination that in such a commission the non-partisan experts would then sit without contradiction behind the cardboard signs of
82 http://www.v-weiss.de/annalen.html ¸ printed in Deutsche Annalen 2005 83 Weiss, V.: Bevölkerungsimplosion und Intelligenzverfall. On Population Policy in the GDR and the FRG. In: Deutsche Stimme, Monatszeitschrift für Politik und Kultur No. 11 (2004) pp. 3-5 84 The text must be read in particular against the background of the struggle for the Parental Allowance Act, which was ongoing at the time. Indicative of this: Schlegel, Uta and Anke Burkhardt: Frauenkarrieren und -barrieren in der Wissenschaft. Wittenberg: Institute for Higher Education Research 2005 (HoF-Arbeitsbericht 6'05) The two authors quote p. 4 of "Deutsche Stimme": "For example, under the remarkable title 'Population implosion and intelligence decline', the human geneticist Weiss considers it necessary, among other things, 'to create jobs for young women with academic degrees with a duration of seven to ten years (and) with a corresponding extension if children are born during this time'." This citation was repeated in the work report "Aufrieb und Nachhaltigkeit für die wissenschafltiche Laufbahn," HoF 4'2007. 85 Weiss, V.: Population and Social Mobility: Saxony 1550-1880. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1993. 49 the respective party that proposed them, instead of sitting united in a block and separated from the deputies of the parties. For science stands on a higher vantage point than on the battlements of any party. Only the handshake in greeting by the CDU deputies belonging to the commission, who knew me from my work as an employee of the Free State, caused me not to turn on my heels and leave.
During my membership of the Commission, which was limited to 2005, I made only one significant substantive contribution that has been printed:
"Do social differences in child outcomes matter at all? 86
Volkmar Weiss Dear Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, Since I would like to draw your attention to an issue and the need for its statistical recording which, according to some of you, does not or should not exist, a brief preface is necessary before I get down to business. If all people are equal and there are no hereditary, no genetic differences for their performance characteristics, and the performances achieved are only the result of the living conditions and the education, then it is of course completely the same from whom the children are born, if only it is ensured that as far as possible all children have good living conditions and receive a good education. For me as a scientist, however, the existence of genes that also influence performance characteristics is a fact. But it is just as much a fact that parties and representatives of the left or extreme left representatives of parties of the extreme left spectrum, however, consider such a genetic basis possible, while the representatives of
86 Speech before the Enquete Commission of the Saxon State Parliament "Demographic Development ... " on July 11, 2005 - Published in: Contributions to Saxon State Policy 15 (2007) 45-47 (reprinted in : Here and Now 16 (2010) 34-39)
50 the political center consider it expedient not to perceive the problem at all or to ignore it in order to escape the quite nonsensical fascism cudgel that has become common in this topic, because even Hitler had something against IQ tests because the Jews did so well in them. For a scientist, for me, who should stand by research on facts and their consequences, this creates the dilemma that if he wants to say something on the subject, he is pushed into a political corner from the outset in this democratic world, if he does not want to shrug off any factual argumentation on the subject, which should be his real profession and vocation. I would therefore like to ask those whose shutters fall down at the very mention of the problem to simply listen without heckling. To calm your ideological conscience, I would like to assure you that on October 8, 1981, in the Academy of Sciences of the GDR, leading representatives of science and politics granted me a full day to present this very problem, for which I now have 15 minutes. I was able to make a small contribution to a policy which has led to the fact that in the GDR, in its final decade, only about 5% of all women with university and technical college degrees have remained childless forever; in the old Federal Republic, as is well known, the figure is now over 40%. Just as the outgoing federal government's proposal for parental allowance now hits the right spot, other governments in their decline have sometimes been capable of the astonishing insight that population policy and social policy are different things, even if you don't call it that. My grandfathers were both miners near Zwickau here in Saxony, and they were SPD regulars. My father was the full-time Hitler Youth leader of Zwickau. He was killed in action, and my stepfather - who was the only person I called father from an early age - was a plant manager and always a critical member of the SED. I myself, with the exception of a short period from the fall of 1989, was always non- partisan. Why am I telling you this? People, ladies and gentlemen, are more than the parties' quarrels and disputes. And assume that some of your grandchildren will wonder what their grandparents stood for politically.
51
Now to the actual matter: In the short time available, I can only draw your attention to the problem situation and to further texts that you have in your hands as attachments. They all have a map in their hands, published by the Federal Agency for Civic Education, that shows them the connection between human capital and unemployment.87 The map is based on the intelligence test performance of about a quarter of a million recruits, tested in 1998. The map shows them that the economically best-off areas in Bavaria and around Stuttgart are also those with the highest IQ scores. The authors assume that this is due to the migration of the gifted and highly qualified to these economic core areas. This is not the case with Chemnitz, of course, but shows the residual intelligence of a metropolitan area that was once a world leader. Of course, one could have this map much more accurate, because testing is done in the Bundeswehr every year. One could survey the birthplace and residence of recruits and thus be more accurate about migrations, one could record sibling numbers, and one could break the map down to cities and counties (instead of just military districts), which would bring out regional differences much more. But when I approached the Bundeswehr's senior military psychologists with such suggestions, the SPD-led ministry understood the explosive nature of the map and stopped any further information and analysis of the data. Mr. Ebenrett, the study's lead author, had managed to publish the data upon his retirement. Such data exists for numerous countries, and the Bundeswehr was the first to leak it in decades, because such connections have generally been socially taboo in the free world for about 30 years and, if known, are not published. If two graduate engineers live in a two-family house with their families, then the inhabitants of the house have a mean IQ of over 120, a street in a so-called very good residential area has an IQ of about 115, such a residential area of 112, an economically
87 Uhlmann, I., Ebenrett, H. J., Hansen, K. and K. J. Puzicha: Loss of Human Capital in Regions with High Unemployment. In:Demographic Change in the Joint Planning Area Berlin-Brandenburg. Berlin: Senatsverwaltng für Stadtentwicklung 2003, pp, 20-25. 52
flourishing community of 108, Hong Kong 107, Bremen 93, and a village abandoned by God and employers has a mean IQ of 90 and less. Accordingly, it looks with the schools, with the test performances in PISA and already in the kindergartens. And who is to blame? In the opinion of many, the state, because it does not redistribute enough. If it did, the IQ differences would disappear. The next page (see Appendix 2) shows them how many highly gifted relatives have highly gifted males88 (the same is true for females, only there are no comparative figures for my results). The 1329 subjects were the adolescent highly gifted men of 1971 of the GDR, the follow-up survey was done in 1993 in a service context. Two- thirds lived in the former East Germany at that time, one-third in the former West Germany. If a gene is common to all people, such as the predisposition for two legs, then 100% of all relatives also have two legs. If a gene is very rare - like something for autism - then already with relatives of second degree the portion of the characteristic carriers goes toward 0%. From this frequency or the decrease of the frequency of the trait carriers with the degree of consanguinity the frequency of a gene can be calculated. For a hypothetical main gene for high intelligence one arrives on the basis of this table at a frequency for this gene of about 20%. Its biochemical-molecular genetic discovery is literally in the air, next month or in a few years. According to the binomial formula - you all know it from your school days - this results in a frequency of highly gifted people of about 5% and a proportion of people with an IQ above 105 of up to 40% in intact industrialized countries, in Bavaria and in the Chemnitz military district. In the Internet (the next appendix, appendix 3) you will find an interesting graphic about the connection between the gross national product and the proportion of the population with an IQ above 105.89 An IQ of 106 is already for a small master craftsman and for a small trader of great advantage, even downright prerequisite, because it enables them to estimate what they have to earn if they want to avoid a rapid bankruptcy.
88 Weiss, V.: The Intelligence and its Enemies. Graz: Ares 2012, p. 217 89 Weiss, V.: The Intelligence and its Enemies. Graz: Ares 2012, p. 220 53
Now the objection always comes that the social influences go in parallel with genetic ones and the accumulation of highly gifted people can be produced just as much by social influences. That is correct. However, in the middle groups, IQ range around 110, there are cases where in one family there are four brothers (and this is a real example), one of them was highly gifted and became a professor of physics, one repairs machines, the third is a cashier at a savings bank, the fourth and also core healthy "drives the bread at the baker", as his parents write. Unlike his brothers, he does not stand out because of any special inclinations or interests. The parents have loved certainly all four sons, nevertheless the splitting of the talents, as I could show with data at 25 000 relatives, follows the Mendelian laws of the genetics. When we analyze the population here, it is not enough to look only at quantity; we also need quality indicators. Qualifications, such as the proportion of high school graduates, college graduates and university graduates, are popular and good indicators, but they are not sufficient because they are subject to inflationary trends. ... „
One should read this contribution, this "deplorable aberration", against the background of the efforts to push through the Parental Allowance Act in the Federal Republic at that time. One of the listeners that day was Hans Bertram90 , whom the SPD had proposed for the Dresden Commission. In Berlin, he was one of the experts who strongly supported parental allowance. At our last personal meeting in December 2005, he said goodbye to me with a handshake.
In the ten years since 2010, Sarrazin has probably often been faced with the choice of either remaining silent or speaking and writing on the matter and standing by his opinion, his findings, and thereby "sadly losing his way" in the eyes of the legions of his critics. I have been told that Sarrazin expresses a certain regret when my name is
90 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bertram_(Sociologist) 54 mentioned.
Sarrazin has also commented on scientific facts that still need definitive proof, such as the existence of genes that contribute a little more than a tiny bit each to IQ. So far it is known that the copy number of the gene DUF1220 is related to IQ. 91However, the longread sequencing necessary to clarify the matter is still time- consuming and expensive and would thus offer an opportunity for millionaires to contribute something to the lasting progress of knowledge with their money.
91 Weiss, V.: The IQ gene: A groundbreaking discovery and its enemies. Graz: Ares 2017 55
Appendix
Volkmar Weiss: List of my most cited publications to date (as of 12/31/2020)
What the applause on the open scene or the attention of the mass media is for the artist, sportsman or politician, the citations by colleagues are for the scientist. However, citations follow their own laws. In the two calendar years 2008 and 2009 together, for example, I became aware of 234 citations of my publications in scientific printed literature. In 2014, a new record was reached with 156 citations within one year, because Google Books now allows full- text searches of titles in books and journals that one would otherwise never have picked up. However, since only some of the books are included in this database, one can assume that the actual number of citations is higher than the known number.
The misery of being a scientist in disciplines, in which no masses are employed in mutual competition, becomes apparent from the citations. To reach 100 citations, it took 12 years (today I know 485 citations for this time). And a sum like that for 2008 plus 2009 I had reached only after 20 years of own publication activity, thus only at the end of the GDR (until today for it 711 citations). Successful colleagues in the medical-biochemical field, for example, achieve figures that are at least a power of ten higher in the same period. The first publication of our eldest daughter, based on her dissertation at a Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biology, reached over 1000 citations.
The inequality of many citations is well known, but without any solutions having been found. On the one hand, there are monographs, such as the monograph I wrote "Population and Social Mobility: Saxony 1550-1880" (1993), into which, with the preliminary work, I put about 10 years of lifetime, and which in turn is cited by 100 or more monographs. On the other hand, there are 56 journal articles with perhaps 30 authors, which in turn are cited in publications with 30 authors, with each mention of a name for each of the 30 counting as one citation in the statistics. This is like counting a medal for the rowing eight eight times in the Olympic medal table for the countries, and the medal for the winner of the javelin throw or decathlon only once each.
The statistics show a main period of my work from 1980 to 2003, with about 130 publications during this time. 49 of my 229 publications (naturally counted without reviews and notes) have been cited at least ten times. The two habilitation theses (for Dr. rer. nat. habil. and Dr. phil. habil.) and the book "Die IQ-Falle" (2000), these three titles have been cited more than 170 times each, if reviews are included. Since I was never a university lecturer and had no students from whom I could expect that they would cite me in their theses, most of the citations of my works are based only on their content. Numerous works are cited only after years and decades and still after decades.
From 2007 up to and including 2018, I have become aware of an average of 82 citations of my work per year. Why there is a doubling - a qualitative jump - in the number of my cited papers in 2008, I have no explanation. Only one outstanding paper was published by me in the years 2004 to 2007. The papers published from 2007 on contribute so far only 6% to the total citations, thus behave approximately mirror-inverted to the first decade of my publication activity in the seventies. This is not surprising, since I have also written something on completely new topics where my name is not a well-known trademark. Since the past decade has also seen the publication of my magnum opus, The Intelligence and Its Enemies (2012), and several monographs, hundreds more citations are likely to follow in the decades to come. It does not speak against the quality of a scientific work if it is not welcomed and paid homage by the zeitgeist, but only comes to fruition after years and decades.
According to scientometric research, the citation rate for a scientist 57 reaches a maximum value at a certain age, which then hardly changes. In fact, this impact factor (average number of citations per publication) exceeded 10 for me in 1982 and remained at this level, so far provable until 2009. That is, despite all the restrictions imposed on us by the provincial science policy of the GDR.
In addition, there is the mention of my name in some books with a high circulation, such as Dietrich Schwanitz in "Bildung" (1999, on p. 470 I am wrongly called Weiss, Volker; likewise in all later editions and several translations), Navid Kermani in "Zwischen Koran und Kafka" (2014, 114) and Thilo Sarrazin in "Der neue Tugendterror" (2014, 94), but in each case without a bibliographic footnote. Such text passages are useless for citation statistics.
It is not always the work on a subject that I personally consider to be my best that is cited most often. And sometimes there is no citation where a citation would be necessary, or not to the extent that the intellectual input actually requires, see above.
List of publications cited at least ten times so far
In the following list, the number of citations known to me up to 31. 12. 2020 is given in brackets at the front. A reprint of a work was treated as a citation, citations of the reprint were attributed to the original publication. (194 citations plus 16 reviews) Weiss, Volkmar: Bevölkerung und soziale Mobilität. Sachsen 1550-1880. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1993 - pdf, Volltext online, 131 MB
(156 und 33 Rezensionen) Weiss, Volkmar: Psychogenetik. Humangenetik in Psychologie und Psychiatrie. Jena: Gustav Fischer 1982 (= Genetik. Grundlagen, Ergebnisse und Probleme in Einzeldarstellungen 12)
(154 und 24 Rezensionen) Weiss, Volkmar: Die IQ-Falle: 58
Intelligenz, Sozialstruktur und Politik. Graz: Leopold Stocker 2000 (129 und 9 Rezensionen) Weiss, Volkmar und Katja Münchow: Ortsfamilienbücher mit Standort Leipzig in Deutscher Bücherei und Deutscher Zentralstelle für Genealogie. 2. Auflage. Neustadt/Aisch: Degener 1998
(94) Weiss, Harald und Volkmar Weiss: The golden mean as clock cycle of brain waves. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 18 (2003) 643- 652
(68) Weiss, Volkmar: From memory span and mental speed towards the quantum mechanics of intelligence. Personality and individual Differences 7 (1986) 737-749
(49) Weiss, Volkmar: Major genes of general intelligence. Personality and individual Differences 13 (1992)1115-1134
(44) Weiss, Volkmar: Empirische Untersuchung zu einer Hypothese über den autosomal-rezessiven Erbgang der mathematisch- technischen Begabung. Biologisches Zentralblatt 91 (1972) 429-435
(32) Weiss, Volkmar: Die Heritabilitäten sportlicher Tests, berechnet aus den Leistungen zehnjähriger Zwillingspaare. Ärztliche Jugendkunde 68 (1977) 167-172
(31) Weiss, Volkmar: Psychometric intelligence correlates with interindividual different rates of lipid peroxidation. Biomedica Biochimica Acta 43 (1984) 755-763
(31) Weiss, Volkmar: Die Vorgeschichte des arischen Ahnenpasses. Genealogie 50. Jahrgang (2001) 417-436, 497-507 und 615-627
(29) Weiss, Volkmar: The population cycle drives human history - from a eugenic phase into a dysgenic phase and eventual collapse. The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies 32 (2007) 327-358
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(29) Weiss, Volkmar: Die Verwendung von Familiennamenhäufigkeiten zur Schätzung der genetischen Verwandtschaft. Ein Beitrag zur Populationsgenetik des Vogtlandes. Ethnographisch-Archäologische Zeitschrift 15 (1974) 433-451
(28 und 4 Rezensionen) Weiss, Volkmar: Müller und Müllerssöhne im sächsischen Erzgebirge und Vogtland in den Tälern und Nebentälern der Zwickauer Mulde, Zschopau und Weißen Elster (1540-1721). Neustadt/Aisch: Degener 1996 (= Schriftenreihe der Stiftung Stoye 27) - 2. Auflage: Plaidt: Cardamina 2011
(26 und 12 Rezensionen) Weiss, Volkmar: Die Intelligenz und ihre Feinde: Aufstieg und Niedergang der Industriegesellschaft. Graz: Ares 2012
(25 und 2 ausführliche Erwähnungen des Teil-Beitrages in den Rezensionen) Weiss, Volkmar: Ortsfamilienbücher. In: Ribbe, Wolfgang und Eckart Henning (Hrsg.): Taschenbuch für Familiengeschichtsforschung. 12. Auflage. Neustadt/Aisch: Degener 2001, S. 306-340
(24) Weiss, Volkmar: Johannes Hohlfeld, von 1924 bis 1950 Geschäftsführer der Zentralstelle für Genealogie für Deutsche Personen- und Familiengeschichte in Leipzig, zum 50. Todestag. Genealogie 49. Jahrgang (2000) 65-83
(24) Weiss, Volkmar und Hans-Georg Mehlhorn: Spearman’s Generalfaktor der Intelligenz: Genotypen mit ganzzahligen Unterschieden in der zentralen Informationsverarbeitungs- geschwindigkeit. Zeitschrift für Psychologie 100 (1982) 78-93
(23 und 18 Rezensionen) Weiss, Volkmar und Katja Münchow: Ortsfamilienbücher mit Standort Leipzig in Deutscher Bücherei und Deutscher Zentralstelle für Genealogie. 1. Auflage. Neustadt/Aisch: Degener 1998
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(23) Weiss, Volkmar: National IQ means transformed from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) scores, and their underlying gene frequencies. The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies 34 (2009) 71-94 (23) Weiss, Volkmar: Inbreeding and genetic distance between hierarchically structured populations measured by surname frequencies. Mankind Quarterly 21 (1980) 135-149
(22) Weiss, Volkmar und Hans-Georg Mehlhorn: Der Hauptgenlocus der Allgemeinen Intelligenz: Diskrete und ganzzahlige Unterschiede in der zentralen Informationsverarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit. Biologisches Zentralblatt 99 (1980) 297-310
(21) Weiss, Volkmar: Die Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Reichsnährstand und Reichssippenamt um die Kirchenbuchverkartung. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Genealogie in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus. Genealogie 49. Jahrgang (2000) 1-17 (19) Weiss, Volkmar: The relationship between short-term memory capacity and EEG power spectral density. Biological Cybernetics 68 (1992) 165-172 (15) Weiss, Volkmar: Zur Ökologie von Impatiens edgeworthii Hook f. in Mitteldeutschland. Mitteilungen zur floristischen Kartierung in Sachsen-Anhalt 18 (2013) 25-39 (15) Münchow. Katja und Volkmar Weiss: Ortsfamilienbücher als Quelle der Forschung. Genealogisches Jahrbuch 33/34 (1993-1994) 157-168 (15) Weiss, Volkmar: From short-term memory capacity toward the EEG resonance code. Personality and individuel Differences 10 (1989) 501-508
(14 und 2 Rezensionen): Weiss, Volkmar und Karl Butter: Familienbuch für Zschocken/Krs. Zwickau 1540-
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1720. Rekonstruktion der Familien eines großen Bauerndorfes ohne Kirchenbücher aus den Gerichtsbüchern und den archivalischen Quellen der Nachbarorte. Leipzig: Historische Kommission der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1988 (= Quellen und Forschungen zur sächsischen Geschichte 9)
(14) Weiss, Volkmar: Familiengeschichtliche Massenquellen der Mobilitäts- und Sozialstrukturforschung. Historical Social Research 21 (1996) 157-166
(14) Weiss, Volkmar: Sozialstruktur und Soziale Mobilität der Landbevölkerung: Das Beispiel Sachsen 1550-1880. Zeitschrift für Agrargeschichte und Agrarsoziologie 39 (1991) 24-43
(14) Weiss, Volkmar: Der Heritabilitätsindex in der Begabungs- und Eignungsdiagnose bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Gegenbaurs morphologisches Jahrbuch 126 (1980) 865-872
(13) Wagner, Dirk und Weiss, Volkmar: Die Kirchenbuchführung in Sachsen und Thüringen. Ein Vergleich erster Forschungsergebnisse. Familie und Geschichte 3. Jahrgang (1994) 347-356
(13) Weiss, Volkmar: Die Entwicklung der Leipziger Zentralstelle von 1949 bis 1967. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Genealogie in der DDR. Genealogie 48. Jahrgang (1999) 577-591
(13) Weiss, Volkmar: The advent of a molecular genetics of general intelligence. Intelligence 20 (1995) 115-124 (Editorial)
(13) Weiss, Volkmar: Ergebnisse zur Genetik der mathematisch- technischen Begabung, erzielt mit soziologischer Methodik. Diss. A, Biowissenschaftliche Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 1972
(12 und 4 Rezensionen) Weiss, Volkmar: Das Tausendjährige Reich Artam. Die alternative Geschichte 1941-2099. Neustadt an der Orla:
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Arnshaugk 2011 (1. Auflage unter dem Titel: Das Reich Artam. Die alternative Geschichte. Leipzig: Engelsdorfer Verlag 2007)
(12) Weiss, Volkmar: Social and demographic origins of the European proletariat. Mankind Quarterly 31 (1991) 127-152
(12) Weiss, Volkmar: Leistungsstufen der Begabung und dreigliedriges Schulsystem. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 7 (1993) 171-183 (12) Weiss, Volkmar: Das Überleben von Johannes Hohlfeld als Geschäftsführer der Zentralstelle für Deutsche Personen- und Familiengeschichte in Leipzig in den Jahren 1933-1939. Herold- Jahrbuch, N. F. 5 (2000) 211-226 (12) Weiss, Volkmar: Klassischer und probabilistischer Mendelismus. Ein wissenschaftsgeschichtlicher Beitrag zur Latenz wissenschaftlicher Ideen. Biologisches Zentralblatt 101 (1982) 597- 607
(11) Weiss, Volkmar: Zur Stellung der Genealogie in der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Herold-Studien 6 (2003) 91-100
(10 und 24 Rezensionen) Weiss, Volkmar: Die rote Pest aus grüner Sicht: Springkräuter – von Imkern geschätzt, von Naturschützern bekämpft. Graz: Leopold Stocker 2015 (10) Weiss, Volkmar: Hinweise für das Einreichen von Ahnenlisten bei der Deutschen Zentralstelle für Genealogie. Genealogie 41. Jahrgang (1992) 21-32
(10) Weiss, Volkmar: Hat die Genetik für die Genealogen noch eine Bedeutung? Erwiderung auf den Beitrag "Werden die Deutschen immer dümmer?" von Hans Peter Stamp. Archiv für Familiengeschichtsforschung 5 (2001) 177-182
(10) Weiss, Volkmar: Johannes Hohlfeld (1888-1950). In: Wiemers, Gerald (Hrsg.): Sächsische Lebensbilder, Band 5. Leipzig: Verlag
63 der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 2003, 247-270
(10) Weiss, Volkmar: Familiennamenhäufigkeiten in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart als Ausgangspunkt für interdisziplinäre Forschungen von Linguisten, Historikern, Soziologen, Geographen und Humangenetikern. Namenkundliche Informationen 31 (1977) 370- 372 (10) Weiss, Volkmar: Zur Bevölkerungsgeschichte des Erzgebirges unter frühkapitalistischen Bedingungen vom 16. bis 18. Jahrhundert. Sächsische Heimatblätter 27 (1981) 28-30 (Nachdruck: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Bevölkerungswissenschaft 61 (1981) Beil. V, 1-3) (10) Payton, A., Hyajima, F., Ollier, W., Rabbitt, P., Pickles, A., Weiss, V., Pendleton, N. and M. Horan: Investigation of a functional quinine oxid reductase (NQO2) polymorphism and cognitive decline. Neurobiology of Aging 32 (2010) 351-352 (10) Weiss, Volkmar: Zur Vererbung der Intelligenz, zu Sozialstruktur und Familienpolitik. Eine Nachbetrachtung zum Bericht PISA 2000. Veröffentlichungen der Gesellschaft für Freie Publizistik 18 (2002) 31-59
Another 11 papers have been cited at least eight or nine times to date.
Thus, the H-index of my papers scattered across several academic disciplines is 22. Since I have also published several papers in recent years that will achieve corresponding citation numbers in the medium and long term, the H-index should then reach 25.
64