3420 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE February 18, 1966 the Director of the National Science PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS SENATE Foundation. Two sets of problems face us and both Highly encouraging steps are being are difficult. One consis.ts of finding FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1966 taken toward establishing safe and ef­ out how to modify the weather and The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, fective programs for modifying the climate. The second consists of deter­ weather. We can now begin to see the mining how best to utilize this knowledge and was called to order by the President day when such programs may become pro tempore. for the benefit of mankind once it is Rev. Clair M. Cook, Th. D., Methodist operationally. feasible. This is an excit­ achieved. clergyman and legislative assistant to ing and encouraging development-not The scientists and engineers inside Senator , Washington, only for Americans, but for men every­ and outside the Government must ad­ D.C., offered the following prayer: where. dress themselves particularly to the first Last year, in transmitting to the Con­ set of problems. AU of us, as concerned O Lord of time and timelessness, lift gress the sixth annual rePort, I indicated citizens, must seriously consider the us above this little day to the perspective the need for a larger effort in basic second. of f::>rever. research and in the development of At present it appears feasible, under o God of east and west, whose love means to put the knowledge we have to appropriate conditions, to seed some encompasses both Communist and Chris­ work. kinds of clouds and achieve increased tian, let our horizons of good will extend That increased effort is noted in this precipitation. It is also possible under without limit, even to the jungles of report. It describes not only the vigor­ certain conditions, to dissipat~ some Vietnam. ous pursuit of weather modification pro­ types of fog. Partial success has been Give us concern for the safety of our grams by agencies of tHe executive reported from abroad in reducing hail own and compassion for those whom we branch, but also the valuable stimulus damage. oppose. Grant us wisdom to grasp the afforded by committees of the Congress As our understanding of atmospheric confusing threads of conflicting policy, and the significant activities of non­ processes increases, our ability to do to sort them out with patience, and. to governmental groups. more will also increase. Even now, men weave of them a pattern of wholeness RECENT STUDIES are dreaming and planning of projects for the comfort of all people. that will someday enable us to mitigate Encourage the men of this body, to The list of recent activities in this field is heartening. For example, on the awesome and terrible forces of hur­ whom their fellows look with trust, in ricanes and tornadoes. Such a time is their determination for the right, that January l, 1966, the first Federal regu­ lation on weather modification became still far off, but perhaps not so far o:ff they may debate with vigor but without as we thought only a few years ago. acrimony; that their vision may pierce effective. The National Science Founda­ tion issued rules providing that advance That so ID:UCh is being done now is a beyond Political advantage to courageous credit not only to the men of science willingness to suffer for the right if need notice of intention to modify the weath­ er must be given to the Foundation. working in the field, but also to the un­ be; and that their service may be not derstanding and support of the Congress alone to State and Nation, but to Thee More recently, two significant reports by advisory groups have been issued. A which has expressed its interest in and and all Thy farftung world. support of this field of great national For we recall the last words of King two-volume study by a National Acad­ emy of Sciences panel, released January interest. I commend to your continuing David: When one rules justly over men, interest this report and the important ruling in the fear of God, He dawns on 14, reviewed in detail the physical science aspects of weather and climate efforts that it describes. them like the morning light, like the sun LYNDON B. JOHNSON. shining forth upon a cloudless morning, modification. Five days later the Na­ THE WHITE HOUSE, February 18, 1966. like rain that makes grass to sprout from tional Science Foundation's Special Com­ the earth. Amen. mission on Weather Modification issued a broad report covering the biological COMMITTEE MEETING DURING and social aspects, statistical problems, SENATE SESSION THE JOURNAL problems of law and organization and international implications, as well as On request of Mr. METCALF, and by On request of Mr. METCALF, and by physical science aspects. Additional re­ unanimous consent, the Committee on unanimous consent, the reading of the ports by the Special Commission will Foreign Relations was authorized to Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, soon be forthcoming. . meet during the session of the Senate . February 17, 1966, was dispensed with. Congress, too, has indicated its inter­ today. est in scheduling additional hearings on weather and climate modification dur­ MESSAGE ~OM THE PRESIDENT ing this session. LIMITATION ON STATEMENTS DUR­ Messages in writing from the Presi­ It is striking that separate groups ING TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE dent of the United States were com­ dealing seriously with this problem have, MORNING .BUSINESS after long study, arrived at similar and municated to the Senate by Mr. Jones, On request ·of Mr. METCALF, and by one of his secret~ries. significant conclusions. The National Academy of Sciences unanimous consent, statements during report, for example, says: the transaction of routine morning busi­ ness were ordered limited to 3 minutes. REPORT ON WEATHER MODIFICA- In a sense, weather modification today is TION-MESSAGE FROM THE· a reality. Man can and does interfere with the atmosphere in a number of ways. His PRESIDENT ability to produce deliberate beneficial LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The changes is still very limited and uncertain, Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I wish Chair lays before the Senate a message but it is no longer economically or polit­ to query the acting majority leader con­ from the President of the United States ically trivial. cerning possible sessions tomorrow Mon- on weather modification.. Without ob­ The report of the Special Commission, · day, or Tuesday. . ' jection, the message will be printed in in a markedly similar passage, says: Mr. METCALF. I am informed that the RECORD without 'being read, and ap­ Weather and climate modification is be­ the Senate will adjourn· today and meet propriately referred . coming a reality. The daily activities of at noon on Monday. The message from the President was man infiuence the atmosphere in a number Mr. DffiKSEN. Monday? referred to the Committee on Commerce. of ways and his ability to induce deliberate Mr. METCALF. Yes. as follows: changes in measurable magnitude by artifi­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Since the 22d is on cial means is progressing. Tuesday, I do not know whether it is To the Congress of the United States: The report I submit today says it an­ contemplated that we have any heavy I am transmitting, for the considera­ other way: business other than the pending resolu- tion of the Congress, the Seventh Annual In 1965, key words are no longer "whether" tion. · Report on Weather Modification (for and "when." They are "what" and "how" Mr. METCALF. There will be further fiscal year 1965) submitted to me by and "who." consideration of the pending business on February 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 3421. Monday, and there will be no business returns made with respect to payments under Thus, many areas all across the Nation after the reading of Washington's Fare­ programs administered by the Department stand to lose this very valuable Federal well Address dn Tuesda:y:. of Agriculture be filed by the Secretary of assistance if the Labor Department sta­ ~griculture, and f~r other purposes. · By Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware (for tistics show that they have made suffi-. BILLS INTRODUCED himself and Mr. AIKEN) : . cient gains in their annual unemploy­ S. 2942. A bill to amend the Internal Reve­ .ment rates. I am quite concerned about; Bills were introduced, read the first nue Code of 1954 to limit the maximum rate these areas. I do not believe that any of time, and, by unanimous consent, the of percentage depletion to a rate of 20 them should be penalized due to adminis­ second time, and referred as follows: percent. trative delay. Even though they are mov­ By Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware: ing ahead, it seems to me, we should sup­ S. 2941. A bill to amend the Internal Rev­ Port them for a while longer to make cer­ enue Code of 1954 to require that informa­ AMENDMENT TO PUBLIC WORKS tain they do not fall back. tion returns made with respect to payments AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1965 under programs administered by the Depart­ Accordingly, I urge· my colleagues"' ment of Agriculture be filed by the Secretary Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I intro­ support in giving these areas an extra of Agriculture, and for other purposes; to duce, for appropriate reference, a bill to year of eligibility under the Economic.. the Committee on Finance. amend the Public Works and Economic Development Act. · (See the remarks Of Mr. WILLIAMS of Dela­ Development Act to extend for an addi­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill ware when he introduced the above bill, tional year the eligibility of certain areas will be received and appropriately re-­ which appear under a separate heading.) By Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware (for of our Nation to receive assistance for ferred. himself and Mr. AIKEN) : public works and development projects The bill DOLPH): the desk, for introduction and appropri­ S. 2944. A bill to extend and amend the history of substantial unemployment Library Services and Construction Act; to during the preceding calendar year ate reference, on behalf o'f myself and the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare. would be eligible for benefits under title Senators COOPER, PROUTY' and RANDOLPH, By Mr. SPARKMAN: I. This section allows Federal assist­ the Library Services and Construction S. 2945. A bill for the relief of Dr. Jaime E. ance to be given to nearly 100 areas of Act Amendments of 1966. Condom Valera; and the country including Utica-Rome, This proposed legislation will provide S. 2946. A bill for the relief of Dr. Mario Federal matching funds to bolster· V. Machado Espinosa; the Committee on Batavia, Oneonta, Sidney, and Water­ to libr~ry facilities for the inmaites of State the Judiciary. town in State, which though By Mr. MUSKIE (for himself, Mr. not seriously depressed, are nevertheless institutions, including orphanages, pris­ RANDOLPH, Mr. YOUNG of Ohio, Mr. in need of Federal assistance in order to ons, reformatories, and hospitals for the McNAMARA, Mr. GRUENING, Mr. Moss, redevelop their areas. The act further mentally ill .and the retarded. It would Mr. INOUYE, Mr. BAYH, Mr. MON­ provides that the· Department of Labor also provide for Federal grants to de­ TOYA, Mr. HARRIS, Mr. TYDINGS, Mr. conduct an annual review to determine velop cooperative library services wi·thin HART, Mr. NELSON, Mr. RIBICOFF, Mr. if the areas covered continue to meet the States, and extend the present Federal BOGGS, Mr. JAVITS, Mr. KENNEDY of library program for 5 years. Massachusetts, and Mr. HARTKE): substantial· unemJ;Jloyment requirement S. 2947. A bill to amend the FedeJ;"al Water for title I assistance. If the unemploy­ Specifically, the bill would amend the Pollution Control Ac~ in order to improve ment figures for the past year show that Library Services and Construction Act. and make more e:ffective certain programs a certain area no longer remains in the of 1964, to-- pursuant to such act; to the Committee on qualified category, that area will im­ First. Provide a Federal-State maitch­ Public Works. mediately lose its title I eligibility. ing fund program, first, to strengthen (See the remarks of Mr. MusKIE when he It was determined soon after the act library services to persons in State­ introduced the above bill, which appear operated institutions, including prisons. under a separate heading.) became law that applications for assist­ ance would not be accepted until an over­ reformatories, mental hospitals, and in­ all economic development program in ac­ stitutions for the retarded, training PROPOSED LEGISLATION TO AMEND cordance ·with yet-to-be-defined EDA schools, and orphanages; and second, to. THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE regulations was approved and on file. It expand library services to State Gov­ seems, however, that the EDA was bur­ ernments in such specialized fields as Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. Mr. law, history, archives, and legislative ref­ President, I send to the desk, for appro­ dened with the usual administrative de­ lays which occur upon the establishment erence. Both programs would be for 5- priate reference, two bills and ask that year periods, and each would be author­ they be properly referred. of a new agency. Consequently, there was an understandable delay in the is­ ized $5 million the first year, $7.5 million At the same time, I give· notice to the the second, $10 million the third, $12.5 Senate that these two bills dealing with suance of guidelines to be used in draw­ ing up an overall economic development million the fourth, and $15 million in amendments to the revenue code will be fiscal year 1971, the final year covered. offered as an amendment to H.R. 12752 program. These guidelines were made available orily recently. Thus, many of Sec9nd. Provide a 5-year State-Fed­ when it comes over from the House. eral matching fund program to State .The PRESIDING OFFICER

Georgia, the distinguished manager of have any soldiers. They are the cre~m least would interrupt the fl.ow of troops the bill now before us said, I wish to of the crop. . moving into South Vietnam from the ·make it perfectly clear, speaking just as · Mr. McGOVERN. I wholly: agree :with north. Instead, it is reported that nine one Member of the Senate who has had that statement. The Senator is abso­ regiments of North Vietnamese regulars some questions from time to time about lutely correct. This country has perhaps have come into the fighting during the our policy in southeast Asia, that I do never before assembled quite so superb time the bombing attacks were in not believe any filibuster has taken place a group of men as those we now have progress. or that anyone, to my knowledge, in- fighting in southeast Asia. I feel cei:tain The same kind of predictions have tends a filibuster on this bill. ' that every Member of the Senate shares been made about the commitments of · Mr. RUSSELL of Georgia. Mr. Presi- the conviction of the Senator from American forces on the ground. It has dent, will the Senator yield? Georgia that we need to do everything been said that if we committed X number Mr. McGOVERN. I yield to the dis- we can to see to it that they are ade- of American men to the conflict, they tinguished Senator from Georgia. quately equipped and provided with the would be enough to do the job. But al­ Mr. RUSSELL of Georgia. Was the resources they need to fulfill the mission ways the predictions have been wrong. Senator here the day the bill was made to which they have been assigned. Personally, I have much more confi­ the unfinished business and the state- Having said that, I also believe it is dence ~n the judgment of the Senator ment was made that there would be no perfectly proper for us to have had from Georgia [Mr. RussELL] than I do in agreement to vote this week on this bill in several days of discussion on this sub­ the judgment of some of the policymak­ any event? If that does not bear the ject, and perhaps some additional time, ers in the Department of Defense and earmarks of a filibuster, I do not know to examine the question of what our the Department of Stat,e, who have been what does. It indicates an intention to commitment is in Vietnam; to what ex­ calling for more and more commitments delay. That, in the last analysis, is what tent the bill now before the Senate of American forces. a filibuster is. They did not say when might commit us to some new ventures So.I believe the Senate is acting within everybody made a speech; . they said, in that part of the world; and to make its best traditions and within its area of "We want to serve notice there is not certain that we know where the course responsibility when it takes a few days to going to be any vote." If that is not a we are now on is leading. raise some questions about the course we ·filibuster or the threat of a filibuster, I am one of a group of Senators who are following in Vietnam. I hope a fili­ then I, who have been accused of fill- thought · seriously of submitting an buster will not develop. I certainly do bustering a great deal, and might plead amendment to this authorization bill that not intend to participate in anything guilty in certain instances, do not know would in some way try to limit the im­ that I think could properly be described what a filibuster is. pact of the bill to sustaining the forces as a filibuster on this measure. I do in­ Mr. McGOVERN. I cannot speak for alrea,dy in being in Vietnam, but also in tend to continue to raise questions, so the Senators that the Senator from some.fashion to reflect the opposition or long as those questions are in my mind Georgia is referring to. I can speak only at least the concern of a number of and in the minds of my constituents, for myself. Members .of the Senate about the about the commitments we have made in But I think a few days' discussion of dangers of any larger war in Vietnam. Vietnam. an authorization of nearly $5 billion I personally hold to the conviction I commend the Senator from Georgia should not quite so quickly M labeled a that the late President ·Kennedy ex­ for the very clear assurance that he gave "filibuster." pressed in 1963 that we should not make us in his excellent presentation of the We have just completed a discussion this an American war. He said he felt bill when it was first laid before the Sen­ of some weeks' duration on the question it was perfectly proper for us to send ·ate. He said: of the repeal of section 14(b) of the Taft- aid to the people of South Vietnam; that Nothing in this legislation can properly be Hartley Act, which is doubtless an im- he thought it was perfectly proper for us considered as determining foreign policy, as portant issue, but which I know the Sen- to give them the benefit of our best mili­ ratifying decisions made in the past or as ator from Georgia would agree is not tary advice and some limited amount of endorsing new commitments. any more important and probably not-so assistance; but that in the last analysis It was because the distinguished Sen­ .significant as the conflict in which we are only the people of South Vietnam, their ator from Georgia gave that kind of as­ involved in southeast Asia. Government, and their military forces surance on the floor of the Senate that I, This would seem to be an appropriate could decide the outcome of the war. at least, decided that no rider or no time to raise some questions about where So there was a feeling on the part of a amendment was necessary to limit the we are headed. For my own part, I in- number of Senators that perhaps the scope of the proposed legislation. tend to vote for every bit of the author!- particular bill now before the Senate The Senator from Georgia has made it zation in the bill before the Senate. I might be a good vehicle to express our perfectly clear that we are not making have never felt that the financial cost of conviction that we have reached the any policy declarations or declarations the war was the issue. I do believe there point where we need to consider whether of support for the decisions that have are some serious questions that we prob- to extend the commitment of American been made in the past 12 years, which ably should have asked, even at an earlier forces beyond their present level. At the have involved us in Vietnam. I know date, about the assumption that sent our time the late President Kennedy im­ that the Senator from Georgia has had troops to Vietnam in the first place. plied that we should not commit fur- some serious questions about some of our But I quite agree with the Senator ther American troops to Vietnam, we past commitments. He has made it per­ from Georgia that our forces are com- had about 15,000 or 20,000 men there. fectly clear that we are not committing mitted and, therefore, must be ade- We now have something over 200,000 ourselves to or are not endorsing any quately equipped. I was in Vietnam and men in Vietnam, and another 75,000 to ·new ventures either in South Vietnam or visited some of them in November and 100,000 in Naval units offshore and in anywhere else in southeast Asia, but that December. They are the fi_nest group nearby areas. all we are doing by the bill is to provide of military men we have ever sent over- I have felt that the reason why some the necessary authorization, and subse­ seas. There is no question in my mind Senators are disturbed about this au­ quent appropriation, to take care of about their competence, their dedication, thorization bill or about the course we the needs of the troops that have been and their capacity. In every sense of are on in Vietnam is that each time our sent there and whose lives are at stake. the word, they are a superb group of policy planners have told us that such­ With that purpose I am in complete men, and I personally want to see them and-such a commitment would be agreement with the Senator from Geor­ have all the equipment they need for the enough to do the job, they have been gia. I wish to make it clear that it is on. defense of their lives. proved wrong. We were told some years that basis that I personally see no need Mr. RUSSELL of Georgia. Mr. Pres- ago that the strategic hamlet program for any further amendments or quali­ ident, will the Senator from South was the answer to the problem. A con- fications on the authorization bill. Dakota yield? siderable amount of money was invested I did not intend to speak on the sub­ Mr. McGOVERN. I yield. in that program, but it proved to be a ject of Vietnam today. We have some Mr. RUSSELL of Georgia. If the men disastrous failure. We were told that serious problems to deal with at home. we have sent to Vietnam are not soldiers, limited bombing attacks would bring the One of them is the problem of the agri­ the United States of America does not other side to the negotiating table, or at cultural sectors of the country. There 3448 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE February 18, 1966 1s no more acute problem in that sector money for the program and then see that the Secretary and tell him about some ·of than the problem of our dairy farmers. there is a supply of milk to meet the the problems our dairy .farmers are hav­ Before I off er my remarks on that sub­ needs of our children. ing: the financial squeeze that faces. a ject, I suggest the absence of a quorum. Mr. President, I believe that no other good many of them, the disappearance The PRESIDING OFFICER. The program has resulted in greater divi­ of some of our dairy herds, and the liqui­ clerk will call the roll. dends in terms of health and the strength dation of those herds at a time when The legislative clerk proceeded to call of children for so little cost as has this they are increasingly needed. I hope on the roll. special milk program. the basis of such conversations we can Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, I Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, will the persuade the Secretary to act very ask unanimous consent that the order for Senator yield? quickly, and use the authority that Con­ the quorum call be rescinded. Mr. McGOVERN. I yield. gress has given him ro lift the price sup­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, I believe port level. It does not really require out objection, it 1s so ordered. my colleague has brought to the atten­ any further action on the part of the tion of the Senate the very genuine prob­ Congress; that authority, as the Senator lem that confronts initially the milk says, rests with the Secretary of Agricul­ THE SCHOOL MILK PROGRAM producers of the United States, and, in ture. Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, 1 the final analysis, confronts even more Mr. MUNDT. Does my colleague was pleased, and I know many other Sen­ seriously the general public and the share my concern that with prevailing ators were, by the message from. the schoolchildren of America. meat prices as high as they are, and the President which stated that the Sec­ I certainly associate myself with his production of milk as unprofitable as it retary of Agriculture was being directed statement that it was a disastrous bit of is, that unless some action is taken, we to buy dairy products under section 709 news for schoolchildren and for their are likely to see a decrease in dairy herds, of the Agricultural Act of 1965-the sec­ parents around the country when the by drawing them off to the market, rather tion which I was privileged to sponsor as President's Bureau of the Budget recom­ than maintaining even the status quo? an amendment to the very important mended a 79-percent cut in the money Mr. McGOVERN. There is no ques­ farm bill that was passed by Congress available for the school milk program. tion about continued liquidation of last year. On the Appropriations Committee on dairy herds. The Senator is absolutely -- I was delighted that the message which I serve, and on which serves also correct. We are all very grateful for stressed the need for adequate supplies the distinguished Senator from Wiscon­ the somewhat improved situation in cat­ of dairy products for commercial mar­ sion to whom my colleague has just al­ tle and hogs today; but that only further kets and also for the high priority de­ luded, I recall the very fervid, effective, points up the need to do s<>mething about mands of our feeding programs here at and persuasive pleas the Senator makes one of the forgotten men in American ag­ home and overseas. every year for an increase overt~ rec­ rtculture, the dairy farmer. What the The message stated that milk from ommendations which come down from Senator describes is happening. The American farmers is the only milk avail­ the White House and the Bureau of the farmers are liquidating their dairy herds able to millions of poor children abroad. Budget. and moving into other more profitable Mr. President, we are now participat­ We felt rather proud of the fact that lines of production. They are doing it ing in overseas child-feeding programs we did provide $103 million in the budget just at a •-time when the President has that reach almost 50 million children for the current fi~cal year. However, we called upon Congress to authorize a mass through school lunch programs of one are now confronted with the President's ·attack upon hunger abroad, and to do kind or another. The real backbone of proPosed· reduction of 79 percent for next even more than food for peace has here­ those programs ·is the milk supply that year and also a reclaimer of $3 million of tofore been authorized to undertake. we send abroad. the, amount of money which was added 'The President's food-for-freedom pro­ To many of these youngsters, it is the largely because of the persistence and gram, which I vigorously applaud, comes only adequate meal they received during insistance and persuasiveness, fortified at a time when commercial demands on the day. Of course, the same thing is with facts as he .was, of the Senator from dairy farmers are increasing. true, although perhaps not to quite as Wisconsin. Mr. MUNDT. I have one comment, itcute a degree, in our own milk pro­ · I am glad that my, colleague Points out Mr. President, to which I shall not ask grams at home, which contribute so also that this attack on the school milk iny colleague to reply. This astonishing much to the health and strength of our program is just one facet of the overall request on the part of the President to own children. · program. w~ ;need greater production reduce the school milk program by 79 If we are to fulfill the aspirations of of milk and larger dairy herds, and the percent causes me to have some curiosity the President, to say nothing of com­ way to get that is to increase the price a:bout who is writing the speeches down mercial market requirements, it is es­ support made available to producers of at the White House. We hear of changes sential that the national dairy herd be milk. in speechwriters and the shortage of maintained and that our farmers have I should like to address a question to speechwriters, and so forth. I believe adequate encouragement to supply .the my colleague, who serves as an important they have too many speechwriters down necessary quantities •of milk for all pur­ member of the Senate Committee on there. I do not believe the very fine Poses-for commercial purposes as well Agriculture and Forestry, of which I am speechwriter who helped the President as for our feeding program. · a reluctant alumnus. Is not my mem­ with his state of · the Union address, I believe every Senator is fully aware ory correct that this increase in price wherein he said we could have both guns that milk prices to farmers are sup­ support can be provided expeditiously by and butter at the same time, and carry ported by the Agricultural Act of 1949, action of the Secretary of Agriculture the war in Vietnam to a successful con­ and that for several years the rate of under prevailing legislation and will not clusion without sacrifices of other pro­ price support has been either at the min­ require new legislation or the delay occa­ grams, who can tell us where economies imum or near the minimum required by sioned by new legislation? can be made, is the same one who says law. Mr. McGOVERN. The Senator is cor­ to take it away from the homeless, the As a result of price support levels being rect. As he knows, as a senior member poverty stricken, the schoolchildren. too low, dairy herds are now being liqui­ of the Agricultural Appropriations Sub­ This other speechwriter who talked dated by many farmers, just at the time committee, and one who has been very about cutting back the milk program 79 when more milk, not less, is needed for actively involved on behalf of dairy percent must not be related to the fellow the commercial market and for distribu­ farmers for a good many years, the Sec­ who helped the President with his state tion programs here at home and abroad. retary does have such authority. of the Union speech. One such program which is of I have discussed this matter with the I challenge the administration here interest to most of us concerns spe­ Secretary and with other officials at the and now, Mr. President, to show any cial milk for children on which Department of Agriculture. I am hope­ place else in the total existing program program the Senator from Wiscon­ ful that we can arrange for a meeting of the executive branch where there has sin [Mr. PROXMIRE] has done so much with him of the Senators who are now on been as sharp a cut proposed as the 79 work. We cannot let this program lapse the :floor and others who are interested pericent they propose to take out of the by default. We must provide sufficient in this problem, so we can sit down with school milk program. February 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-~ SENATE 3449 I think that is a great disaster'; and I grams; and I hope we will be able to re­ Now is the time to act, before more dairy hope we can get to the President, back store them to an adequate level. farm.ers get out of the dairy business. Un­ In less we stop this decrease in milk production, behind his facade of speechwriters, and terms of our national defense, we we may w.ake up and find that we cannot help him realize, No. l, the inconsistency can present a better picture to the world, supply the milk needs of the American con­ of this approach; No. 2, its devastating and a stronger defense position, if our sumer, mu~h less meet our foreign com­ effect on the schoolchildren of America; young people are healthy and strong. mi·tments. and No. 3, its lack of overall wisdom. It has always disturbed me that such My colleague has had an illustrious a high percentage of our young people Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, pro­ career as food-for-peace Director, and are rejected as unqualified for military duction is down some 7 percent in Wis­ knows something about the programs service because of health deficiencies. consin and 15 percent in Iowa, as com­ abroad; but I believe he would agree One of the ways to correct that in terms pared to January 1965. The drop in that, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, no of the future defense needs of the coun­ the State of South Dakota for this same program we have set in motion has done try is to make sure that we have an ade­ period of time is 9 percent. The situa­ more for American children than this quate supply of high protein foods, and tion is such that when milk prices and milk program. So I hope, as my col­ that we do not exercise a penny-wise, returns from dairying are compared to league has suggested, we can get through pound-foolish program with reference such alternative farmirig enterprises as. to the President and straighten out this to those items. hogs, beef cattle, and soybeans, dairy situation, because, while surely there are I thank the Senator for his excellent farming comes out second best. places in this great big budget the White contribution to the discussion. This point was made very well a few House has sent down where we should be Mr. President, the number of milk moments ago by my colleague [Mr. economizing, I do not thing it is wise cows in the dairy herds here in the MUNDT]. Many farmers, therefore, are to accept this attack of a 79-percent-cut United States has reached an alltime low relieving themselves of the 7 days a week in the school lunch program. as of January 1 of this year. The num­ confinement necessary to dairy opera­ One way to let the program move for­ ber of cattle reported stood ait 16.6 mil- tions. We know that the upper Midwest ward is to provide a continuous expan­ ·lion head on January 1, which is a de­ is a reservoir for the dairy industry. sion of the supply of milk. • That can be cline of 5.6 percent from a year ago. It is this area that most fluid milk mar­ done, as my colleague has suggested, by The total milk production for 1965 kets depend upon for their reserve sup­ action of the Secretary of Agriculture stood at 125 billion pounds, which is a plies. It produces a great deal of our in providing a more adequate and equi­ drop of 1¥2 percentage points from the butter, cheese, and nonfat dry milk. table price support for milk products in previous year. In January, national I hasten to add, however, that virtually America. - milk production was off 5.3 percent from every State in the Union is involved in I thank my colleague for yielding. the previo,us year. the dairy industry in one way or another. Mr. McGOVERN. I thank the Sena­ This decline has been continuing for If we are to have an adequate supply tor for his very helpful contribution. I several months. The greatest decline in of milk and dairy products in 1966 and am certainly happy to respond · to his milk_ production is in the heart of the 1967, it is imperative that the exodus suggestion about the rich dividends that dairy country of the United States--in ·Of dairy farmers be stopped. This can we receive, not only in this country but my part of the country-Minnesota, Wis­ only be done by giving dairy farmers in the countries we have tried to assist consin, Iowa, a1'd the surrounding States. assurance that they will be rewarded overseas, with such ·efforts as school 'The decreases for January were 14 per­ fairly for their efforts. We are not talk­ milk and school lunch programs. I have cent in Min_nesota, one of the great dairy ing about some kind of unwarranted thought for a good many years that, States. subsidy or financing, but -merely the as­ taking into consideration the entire Mr. President, I pause at this point to surance of a fair return is for the hard foreign aid program, the overseas aid say that the Senator from Minnesota labor which is involved in dairy farming. of all kinds, there is no part of that [Mr. MONDALE], who is necessarily away Mr. PRO~IRE. Mr. President, will whole program that has returned such from the Senate on official business, has the Senator from South Dakota yield at great dividends as the programs that asked me to insert in the RECORD a brief that point? have been aimed at-improving the health statement ori. the dairy situation. He · Mr. McGOVERN. I am glad to· yield of schoolchildren and preschool chil­ feels strongly-that steps are needed to to the Senator from Wisconsin. dren through the milk programs. arrest the- decline in dairy production. Mr. PROXM:,IRE. Is it not true that That has been true here in our own I, therefore, ask unanimous consent that the Agricultural ACt of 1949 specifies as country. Some years ago, when I his statement be included in the RECORD a -criteria for the price-support level_:_ served as Director of the food~for-peace at this point, before I continue my re- ·one ·Of the important criteria--that the program under the late President Ken­ marks. - Secretary shall establish price supports nedy, I received a very thoughtful letter There being no pbjection, the state­ at a level which will assure an adequate from the dean of the University of ment was ordered to be printed in the supply? Georgia, who said that in his best judg­ RECORD, as follows: Mr. McGOVERN. The Senator is ment; there was no single Federal pro­ -correct. STATEMENT BY SENATOR MONDALE Mr. PROXM:IRE. The whole thrust of gram that had done so much to improve There are .many reasons why we must the lives of the people of the South in maintain and support a dairy industry-in what both Senators from South Dakota the last 30 years as the school lunch and fact, our entire agricultural industry-which have stated ln their extremely able school milk programs. He said that is capable of meeting the needs of the speeches is that the supply will not be many of the youngsters had suffered American consumer, as well as our commit­ adequate unless the Secretary recognizes from an inadequate diet over the years, ments abroad. this criteria and gives weight to it, that and he thought it had held down both Population is rising. Youngsters will need we will have shortages which could result the physical growth and the educational milk as they grow up, to supply the needed in a temporary bonanza for dairy nutrition. farmers. There is no question that if the growth of millions of people in the The President has called for a war on South, and that the school milk and hunger, pointing out that "hunger poisons prices rise severely and sharply, it would school lunch programs had done more the mind, saps the body, and destroys hope, be very temporary indeed. Some farmers to correct that situation than anything and is the natural enemy of mankind." might take a shortsighted view of this else. He added that "we must have adequate and be very happy. I applaud the Senator's high priority supplies of dairy products for commercial The point is, it would be bad for the or. these programs, and I hope that we markets, and to meet high priority domes­ dairy industry as well as for the con­ wm be successful in restoring the funds tic and foreign program needs. Milk from sumer. It would also be bad for the U.S. farms is the only milk available to stability of prices generally. The up­ to an adequate level. That is one thing millions of poor children abroad." the Congress can do something about. These are some of the reasons why we ward surge in prices would be temporary, It is quite true that the Secretary has must take steps necessary to stop the de­ but our experience indicates that whereas authority to set the price support levels cline in dairy production. an appropriate, steady increase in the on milk, but Congress has the authority I think the time has come to raise the price support level by the Secretary of to restore the funds that are needed for support price for milk so that farmers can Agriculture could assure adequate sup­ our school milk and school lunch pro- be encou~aged to maintain their herds. plies, the law of supply and demand 3450 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-::- SENATE February 18, 1966 would come into adjustment at an ap­ ture is the one major sector which has vided with an adequate food supply for propriate level-say 85 percent of parity, not generally shared ·in the rising eco­ its people at such a small cost to the or some reasonable, moderate level-and nomic prosperity of the country as a consumer. thus the dairy farmers of the country whole. For almost 5 years now, this As the Senator has said, in spite of could continue to maintain their herds. country has enjoyed an unbroken eco­ the price support program, which some They could and would make their plans nomic advance-taking the economy as people see as a device to increase the cost accordingly. They would be able to stay a whole-but the farm families of the of food, the fact is that food is a bar­ in the dairy industry. The result would Nation have not shared fairly in that gain. Food takes only 18 percent of the be, in the long run, a healthier picture economic advance. They are grateful income of the American consumer. In for the dairy farmers as well as a better for what Congress has done, particularly .some couritries it· takes as high as 50 picture for the consumers and for price . in the passage of a general 4-year farm percent of the family budget to buy food. stability generally. bill in 1965, which does provide some de­ So we are in an unusually favorable Mr. McGOVERN. I agree with the . gree of stability. But the fact remains position as far as food consumers are Senator from Wisconsin. As I under­ that even with the 1965 program and concerned. What we are pleading for is stand his point, the consumers have just other steps which have been taken by .an adequate and fair compensation for as great an interest in stabilization of the Department of Agriculture, and by the farmers who provide us with the dairy prices and supplies of dairy com­ Congress, the per capita income level most wholesome supply of food in the modities as does the producer. This is of farm families is still far below the world at the lowest real cost. not a one-way street. We are not talk­ national average. Thus, we do have an The kind of price support we are ask­ ing here about the problem of the dairy imbalance in this country in rural Amer­ ing for can be supplied under present farmer alone. We are talking about in­ ica, and particularly, as the Senator has law simply by increasing the support suring an adequate supply at fair prices said, with reference to dairy producers. level. This increase can be directed by for families all across the country. Thus, Mr. PROXMIRE. I thank the Sena­ the Secretary of Agriculture. it is really a double problem, of concern tor. Under the pricing criteria of the Agri­ to the consumer, as well as to the Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr. cultural Act of 1949, the support price to producer. President, will the Senator from South farmers must be increased to assure even The Senator is correct, that in the Dakota yield? a semblance of an adequate supply. long run a price support level adequate Mr. McGOVERN. I am glad to yield As I said earlier in our discussion, this to assure necessary supplies of dairy to the Senator from North Dakota. matter is being taken up with the Secre­ commodities is in the interests of both Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. I tary. I hope a number of us can sit down the taxpayer and the consumer. wish to support the position taken by with the Secretary of Agriculture soon Mr. PROXMIRE. Let me say to the the Senator from South Dakota and join and make our case. I think we have a Senator from South Dakota who, along him in urging action to increase dairy Secretary who has the interests of Amer­ with his colleague [Mr. MUNDT], repre­ price supports. ican agriculture at heart. I have faith sents the most agricultural State in-the I used to be both in w.heat farming and that when the case is made to him, in a Union, or at least the one State in the in the dairy business. Therefore, I be­ face-to-face discussion, he will do what­ Union in which agriculture represents lieve I know a little bit about the opera­ ever is within his authority to deal with the largest proportion of total income, tions involved in both. this problem in a fair manner. · and who are, therefore, deeply aware of Probably the most di:fHcult type of If the present trends continue in the the problems, that the No. 1 economic farming operation is that of the dairy dairy industry, we are going to be faced injustice in America is low farm income. business which keeps you on the job all with acute shortages of milk and dairy There is no question about that-in day long, 7 days a week. products for years to come. A cow can terms of the investment made, the When farmers start losing money in be slaughtered in an instant, but it takes amount of work they put in, their e:fH­ .the dairy business, they quickly go into a minimum of 2 years to replace a dairy ciency, and in terms of the risks taken. some other kind of farm operation. cow, and then she can be replaced only Farm income is much too low for all We are in the situation now where if if there is a mother around to give birth, farmers. We can make a convincing the price supports are not increased and which will not be the case if dairy herds case of economic injustice for virtually milk marketing orders are tied to price are liquidated. every farmer. But it is particularly supports, we may face severe shortages Severe shortages- of milk and dairy severe for the dairy farmers. The in the years to come. The consumer products will immediately result in in­ Secretary of Agriculture has won appro­ would be far better off to have a little in­ flationary prices at the consumer level, priate respect for the honesty and ac­ crease in price now and be assured more and this is what we want to prevent. If curacy of his statistics which show that adequate supplies, rather than face the herds continue to be liquidated, a fu­ in my State-the No. 1 dairy-producing severe shortages in the future. ture shortage will result. That means State in the country-farmers receive The time of that shortage may not be uncontrolled price increases. An in­ an income, if you allow them only a 4- very far off. We hear a lot of talk about crease in the dairy supports will not percent return on invested capital, of less· increased exports of wheat and other cause an inflationary spiral. The best than 50 cents an hour. grains. We are now experiencing ex­ assurance against inflation is produc­ This is right now. That is not a few ports three times as high as they were tion, and the only assurance that milk months ago when the farmer's income only 4 or 5 years ago. If worldwide de­ will be produced is by giving the pro­ was even lower. He is receiving less mand continues, many dairy producers ducer a fair price. than 50 cents an hour, when the mini­ will shift to grain production, as grains The present status of the industry mum wage is $1.25 an hour. As I say, will be in great demand if we can con­ concerns many people very deeply, not our farmers are among the most skilled tinue to increase exports. only because of farmers, but from the workers in America. I join the Senator in requesting higher viewpoint of consumers and the view­ It seems to me that this adds another price supports. They should have been point of many of our communities. In dimension to the very strong argument increased before. There has been no in­ many of the Northern States the milk which the Senator from South Dakota crease for many years. The dairy farm­ plant is the biggest industry in town. is making, that the Secretary of Agri­ ers are in the most difficult financial I can think of many towns in my own culture should give careful consideration straits of all agricultural producers. home State where the dairy plant is the to increasing price supports for dairy Mr. McGOVERN. I thank the Senator backbone of that particular community. products from 75 percent of parity to a for his observation. I think there is no I am informed that many of the milk level which will assure an adequate sup­ question about the fact that the Ameri­ plants which make butter and nonfat ply, which will bring the dairy farmer a can farmer has contributed greatly to dry milk are .in grave danger of being little closer to the kind of income he so the strength of the country as a whole, closed. richly deserves. and has done it without an adequate Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr. Mr. McGOVERN. I thank the Sena­ compensation to himself. There is no President, will the Senator yield? tor from Wisconsin for his keen observa­ country on the face of the earth today, Mr. McGOVERN. I yield. tions. I, of course, agree with him and there has never been a country in Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. wholeheartedly. I agree that agricul- the history of the world, which is pro- Apropos of what the Senator has said, February 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 3451 in my own home county, we have We all know the results when we come rect result of low prices. Many of our had two creameries for 25 or 30 years, up too late with too little. I hope the finest dairy farmers are being literally affiliated with the Land-0-Lakes' Secretary of Agriculture will act now. driven from the farm, Creamery organization, probably the If he does, I know he will have the sup­ Two other related indicators reported best run operation in the United States.' port of the American people and of the by the Department of Agriculture are One of them was closed down about 3 Congress. average daily receipts of milk from pro­ months ago. It will never be opened Mr. President, I yield the floor. ducers in these St.ate and Federal milk again. This is a good example of how Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I com­ marketing areas and average daily re­ the dairy industry is being liquidated. mend the Senator from South Dakota ceipts per producer. Both show sharp Something has to be done to correct for his very thoughtful speech, and I drops in nearly all the midwest dairy this. wish to commend my senior colleague States, undoubtedly reflecting discontent Mr. McGOVERN. I thank the Sen­ [Mr. PROXMIRE] for his contribution on with milk prices. ator. These plants are being liquidated the dialog about this very serious mat­ Average daily receipts from two Min­ not only because of a lack of milk sup­ ter involving our dairy farmers. nesota .areas are down from 3,417 million plies but because they have tried to Mr. President, I am pleased that the pounds in December of 1964 to 3,133 mil­ maintain prices to farmers that are be­ revamped food-for-peace program pro­ lion pounds in the-same month in 1965; yond their capabilities. posed by the administration stresses the five Iowa areas down from 3,317 million A great number of them are paying need for adequate supplies of dairy prod­ to 3,015 million; two South Dakota areas prices to farmers that are not adequately ucts for commercial markets and to meet down from 622 million to 581 million; provided for by the price support struc­ high priority domestic and foreign pro­ three Wisconsin areas down from 4,509 ture. Many of the plants-in fact, most gram needs. million to 4,324 million, and two Illinois of them in my State-are cooperatively I am concerned, however, that this areas down from 17,524 million to 14,893 owned by the farmers themselves. So need for adequate supplies may not be million. they have a great stake in the industry. reflected in prices to dairy farmers that Sharp drops in .average daily receipts They have a stake in it both as farmers will assure it. per producer are shown in the current and operators of these cooperatively If present inadequate price levels con­ reports for these same States. These owned plants. But they cannot continue tinue in the important north central reductions reflect culling of dairy herds, to pay themselves money that they can­ dairy States, for example, it is certain poor quality feed due to drought and not collect when they sell their products that this important area will not be able early frost, and unwillingness to buy as nonfat dry milk to the Government. to provide these needed supplies. The feed concentrates that will not pay out The present price support level is $3.24 reserve supplies that have been avail­ at present dairy prices. per hundredweight. The Government able in this area in the past are disap­ The Government now supports d,airy pays prices for products used in its dis­ pearing and may no longer be available products at 75 percent of parity or $3.24 tribution programs which are geared to to fluid milk markets. a hundred for milk going into manufac­ that support level. This milk shortage already is a serious turing uses. This price has led to fewer Many of the manufacturing plants, problem for the important manufactur­ cows being milked and fewer farmers hoping against hope for improvement in ing sector of. the dairy industry in these remaining in dairying. the market, have been paying their mem­ States. This industry, built around the The incentive simply is not there at ber producers substantially more than making of cheese, butter and nonfat dry this price, especially for younger farmers the $3.24 level. But unless the market milk, already is having difficulty obtain­ who have the option of switching to feed­ itself is corrected through adjustment ing sufficient milk to keep plants running ing c,attle or raising hogs, or some other of the price support level, many of these efficiently. type of farming. It has led to the alarm­ plants will be forced to close and the em­ The answer, of course, is higher ing situation in Wisconsin in which it ployees dismissed. That would have an price supports. These higher prices are now is estimated that an average of 12 adverse impact on rural America, and needed both to provide adequate income farmers a day stopped dairying in 1965. would obviously be totally inconsistent for farmers committed to staying in The Secretary has reported that he is with the economic opportunity programs dairying and as a vote of confidence for considering the many requests for rais­ approved by the Congress at the request those who are wavering. ing support prices for the coming mar­ of the administration. Even without the anticipated stepping keting year. My request is among them. The problems of the dairy industry up of foreign demands for dairy prod­ I hope the alarming drop in milk produc­ which I have been discussing have been ucts-both in food aid and commercial tion in the Midwest, which is without a visible ahead for some time. It was for sales-the need for ample domestic pro­ doubt tied to the serious economic situa­ this reason that I introduced legislation duction is growing. tion caused by continued low milk prices, authorizing the Secretary of Agriculture The fluid milk and cream report, issued will result in his setting dairy support to go into the open market and purchase prices at a realistic level without deJ.ay. dairy products for distribution here at yesterday by the Department of Agricul­ home and for programs we are operat­ ture, shows the extent of these consump­ Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, I ing abroad at market prices. tion changes in State and Federal milk wish to commend the Senator from The new authority can be helpful, but marketing are.as. Wisconsin for the excellent statement he the status of the industry has now · de­ Whole milk sales in November were up has just made on the dairy problem. In­ clined to the point where an adjustment 4 percent from a year earlier in these asmuch as he comes from perhaps the in the price support level is the only way areas. Skim milk sales were up 12 per­ greatest dairy State in the Union he to adjust dairy returns properly enough cent from November a year earlier. knows this problem thoroughly. As the to assure an adequate supply of dairy Fluid cream sales were up 2 percent. former Governor of that State he has products. To summarize, tot.al fluid sales in No­ been equally involved serving the dairy While the dairy industry is shrinking vember in 76 :marketing areas were up farmers for a good many years. at an alarming rate, and the needs for 6 percent from the same month in 1964. Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I dairy products are greater in overseas Yet the milk receipts from milk produc­ share the concern which has been so and domestic programs, the needs of the ers have been going down. well expressed on the Senate floor today commercial market are growing as well. One indication of the economic prob­ concerning the propased reductions con­ The population of this country con­ lems in this area is the sharp drop in the tained in the fiscal year 1967 budget for tinues to increase. It was something number of producers in some of these the national school lunch and special over 195 million at the beginning of this State and Federal marketing are.as. In milk programs. I am of the opinion, year. The Nation is growing at a rate 3 Illinois areas, for example, the as are a majority of the Members of of 3 million people a year, or a market number is down in 1 year from 18,186 this body, that we must reduce nones­ for milk and dairy products equivalent producers to 16,453. In 3 Michigan areas, 13,887 down to 12,911. In 3 sential Federal expenditures in view of to a new city the size of Los Angeles. our military commitments in southeast If our growing population is to be fed, Wisconsin areas 4,197 to 4,137. In 2 we must have steadily increased milk Minnesota .areas, 4,102 to 3,971. This Asia. There are innumerable areas production to match the growth. drastic reduction in producers is the di- where the administration and Congress 3452 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE February 18, 1966 can cut back on financial outlays with­ FAULTY CONSTRUCTION OF POST Furthermore, the Postmaster General out jeopardizing the health of our chil­ OFFICE BUILDINGS has assured me that his Department is dren or in any way impeding the well­ Mr. JORDAN of North Carolina. Mr. continuing its investigation of all of the being of any of our citizens. President, recently a situation came to contracts it has in the 12 cities in New The school lunch program and the my attention concerning the Post Office Jersey, New York, and North Carolina, to special milk progTam are, however, in Department which caused me a great determine if any other defaults have oc­ my view very important and successful deal of concern. curred. programs, and they deserve to be con­ I think the Senate and the public I have a file of information on whait tinued at least at the level of recent should be aware of the situation; there­ has occurred in connection with the pro­ years. fore, I shall outline briefly a series of posed post office building in Sanford, I intend to vote and do all I can to events involving the construction and and I have passed on all of the informa­ restore the proposed cuts. The health leasing of certain post offices. tion I have obtained to the Postmaster and physical welfare of our school chil­ I should like to say at the outset that General. dren is an essential matter, and the funds Postmaster General Lawrence O'Brien Of course, I am not familiar with all devoted to this cause should not be re­ performed an outstanding public service of the details of the contracts in the 11 duced while other much less essential by taking immediate corrective action other cities, but what happened in San­ programs continue in full force or are when I called this matter to his atten­ ford is a good example of a private cor­ even increased. tion. poration trying to get by with shoddy Mr. HART. Mr. President, I want to The matter to which I am referring construction and a completely unaccept­ commend the junior Senator from South involves the operations of an organiza­ able building to house a post office. Dakota for his leadership and his fine tion known as the Schur-Lee Realty There are strong indications that this presentation of our serious dairy problem Corp., Hackensack, N.J., whose principal same corparation has made a practice of and associate myself with him. In his officer is Mr. Aaron Schurman. trying to give the Government the run­ recent message on food-for-freedom, Mr. Schurman has been a principal in around in meeting its contractual obliga­ President Johnson called for the Govern­ several different corporations which have tions through delay and slowness in cor­ ment purchase of limited amounts of obtained contracts to build and lease 12 recting sloppy work. dairy products under the new open mar­ U.S. post office buildings since 1958 in [hope that the Post Office Department, ket purchase authority in the Agricul­ cities in the States of New Jersey, New as a result of the experience it has had tural Act of 1965. The President said: York, and North Carolina. ' with the Schur-Lee Corp., will make a We must have adequate supplies of dairy The Schur-Lee Corp. has obtained broad review of all of the cons·truction­ products for commercial markets, and to contracts to build and lease 4 of the 12 lease agreements it has made. There is meet the high priority domestic and foreign post offices in North Carolina, in the an urgent need to find out if other at­ program needs. Milk from U.S. farms is the cities of Goldsboro, Asheboro, Sanford, temps are being made to do what was only milk available to millions of poor chil­ and Shelby. done in Sanford before it was corrected. dren abroad. The Secretary of Agriculture The private contractors who lease fa­ wm use authority in the 1966 act whenever An intolerable situation came to my necessary to meet our needs for dairy attention when I learned that the city of c1lities to the Post Office Department are products. Sanford had revoked the corparation's paid, and they are paid well, for their license to do business in that city when services. In turn they should be required The need for dairy products comes it was found that the construction of the not only to provide f ac1lities of superior Pointedly at the time of a shrinking dairy foundation of the new post office in San­ quality, but to keep them serviced and industry. It comes at a time when sur­ ford did not meet local building codes in first-class condition without delays pluses have been curtailed and when sup­ and was not in accordance with the and constant prodding. We cannot tol­ plies for commercial markets are de­ specifications drawn by the Post Office erate anything less, and we will not creasing. The high priority domestic tolerate anything less. and foreign program needs of which the Department. On January 25, 1966, I sent a tele­ I think it would also be proper for the President speaks are endangered by the gram concerning the matter to the Post­ Post Office Department, in reviewing its downward trend in production. master General, which is as follows: contract-lease agreements, to give se­ The level of prices to farmers is dis­ In strongest possible terms I respectfully rious study to this method of building couraging to the continued production of recommend immediate investigation of per­ postal facilities, and I hope that the milk. The primary dairy States are re­ formance by contractor on post office build­ Postmaster General will recommend to parting cuts in production from a year ing at Sanford, N.C., now under construc­ Congress any ch.anges in the existing ago as my colleagues have pointed out. tion: Sanford municipal government has re­ contract-lease procedure that he feels It is my hope the Secretary of Agricul­ voked contractor's license to operate in San­ will bring better postal service to the ture will continue to review the support ford, and all work has been stopped. Com­ public. program for dairy products in light of plaints of most serious nature have repeat­ what is required to stabilize dairy pro­ edly been made by responsible citizens and officials of Sanford in recent weeks, and I THE WAR IN VIETNAM duction on a firm basis and provide for have repeatedly called them to attention of milk we will need for fullest growth of proper postal authorities who made it clear Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, half a both domestic and international needs. they share my concern, but seem to be ham­ decade or so ago a great leader in the Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, I pered by legal considerations relating to con­ U.S. Senate wrote: tractual relationship between the contractor thank the Senator from Michigan [Mr. I am a free man, an American, a U.S. Sena­ HART] and the Senator from South Caro­ and the Government. Similar problems arose when same contractor was working on tor, and a Democrat in that order. lina [Mr. THURMOND] for their perceptive Asheboro post office project. Understand he I am also a liberal, a conservative, a Texan, remarks and their contribution to this was low bidder on several other North Caro­ a taxpayer, a rancher, a businessman, a con­ discussion. lina post office projects. I believe in being sumer, a parent, a voter, not as young as I Mr. President, I suggest the absence fair and there may be extenuating circum­ used to be nor as old as I expect to be. And I aqi. all these things in no fixed order. of a quorum. stances about which I do not know, but it appears to me that there is urgent need for I am unaware of any descriptive word in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The prompt action to correct an intolerable sit­ the second paragraph which qualifies, modi­ clerk will call the roll. uation. fies, amends or is related by hyphenation to The legislative clerk proceeded to call the first paragraph. · In consequence, I am the roll. Upon receiving the telegram the Post­ not able---not even the least interested in master General took immediate steps to trying-to define my political philosophy by Mr. JORDAN of North Carolina. Mr. have a complete investigation made. The the choice of a one-word or two-word label. President, I ask unanimous consent that Postmaster General informed me on Feb­ This may be against the tide, but, 1! so, the the order for the quorum call be ruary 14, 1966, that the contract between choice is ctellberate. rescinded. the Post Office Department and the The words are br1111ant words of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ Schur-Lee Realty Corp. for the Sanford man whom destiny and the American out objection, it 1s so ordered. post office building had been canceled. people have chosen as our leader in diffi.- February 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 3453 cl,llt days. They are the words of then­ The fact that we can lick anyone is courses which would defend our interests Senator Lyndo~ B. Johnson. hardly disputed even by our adversaries and those of any legitimate and popular The beginning of an eloquent state­ and potential adversaries. Do we, there­ Government of South Vietnam. ment of political precepts, these words fore, unleash this awesome power and, We urge restraint while developing a are the ones I borrow today to bring be­ thus, begin a nuclear war from which long-range, strategic position which fore the Senate some of my thoughts on there will be no winner? would recognize not only the contingen­ the most vexing of this generation-Viet­ The answer is an obvious and clear cies of the battlefield, but also the great nam and the consequences of the war "No." goals of our Nation in guaranteeing free­ there, in the rest of southeast Asia, on Therefore, we must conclude from this dom and self-determination for those the entke Asian Continent and, indeed, that we also oppose rightfully so-called peoples who want them and will nurture on the world. preventative war, that we will refrain them. There are those who would categorize from dropping the bomb without provo­ Of what avail to commit additional Senators-indeed, all Americans-into cation. hundreds of thousands of our best young neat pigeonholes marked "The Hawks" Second, I believe that nearly all think­ men in a land war against Asians? and "The Doves." Or, even less appro­ ing Americans recognize that we should Of what avail winning a war-even priately, "those who support the Presi­ not become involved in a land war against without atomic devices-if we were to dent" and "those who oppose the Presi­ the mass of Asians. lose the peace and the support of our dent." Third, it is only rational to state that allies all around the globe? As a Senator, Lyndon B. Johnson told use of any nuclear device in this or any The solution to Vietnam is elusive. If us: other conflict is merely a prelude to all­ we lack anything at this moment, it is At the heart of my own beliefs is a rebell1on out nuclear war. There simply is no such a positive solution or an alternative. against this very process, labeling and filing thing as a limited nuclear conflict any But it seems to me-and to many of Americans under headings. more than there is anything like being the rest of us-that there are certain partially pregnant. things we should not do. Among them Mr. President, this is the position' in are: which I find myself today. Indeed, I These yardsticks must be applied, then, suspect many of us find ourselves today to the struggle in Vietnam. Long and extended ground action in It is my conviction---and that of many Asia. in this same position. Nuclear warfare. We are neither hawks nor doves. We of my colleagues-that we are becoming embroiled in a land conflict on the con­ Abandonment of dedication to peace desire to be neither. tinent of Asia whether we sought it, or and freedom. We are pro-Americans, profreedom. It is my hope that, in setting aside We are anti-Communist, antislave. desire it, or not. I suggest that one reason that this is what we do not want and in focusing We believe in meeting our commit­ some attention on the need for long­ ments. We believe in peace with honor. so is that the position of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has not been range goals, perhaps we can together We know from a personal standpoint, find what we do want without categoriz­ many of us having served in the Armed rotated in recent years. Rather, the Chairman has been an Army man. ing each other as patriots or baitors or Forces in wartime. hawks or doves. " We are at once freemen, Americans, I have no quarrel with the Army or with the able representatives it has given There is no question of what I intend Senators, liberals, conservatives, busi­ to do on the measure now before us. I nessmen, professional men, consumers. to the chairmanship-Lemnitzer, Tay­ lor, and Wheeler. Yet, these great lead­ intend to vote for it. I intend to support workers, parents, and voters. All of us ers are, by their training, experience, our troops there. I have so stated re­ are not as young as we used to be nor, and orientation, ground :fighters. peatedly. There was concern among hopefully, as old as we expect to be. I cannot help wondering whether an some of us that there was an intention Yet, many are, as I am, the fathers of Air Force or a Navy Chairman would not by those who sponsor this measure to young sons who may be asked to march today guide the Secretary of Defense and consider the vote on this measure as a off to battle in a war that is undeclared the President to a course different from policy determination, a determination and, indeed, not understood by the vast that which we seem to be pursuing in the that would bind this Congress and bar majority of Americans. war. it from discussing, debating, or question­ As we are loyal, sincere, and dedi­ A punishing, body-to-body confronta­ ing what is going on. cated-that is, those of us in the Senate tion in Asia lets the enemy decide how, I believe that the senior Senator from who feel this way-so are nearly all the when, and where we shall pit the forces Georgia [Mr. RussELL] voluntarily put 200 million Americans. They-and we­ of freedom against those of tyranny. at rest most of the fears of many of us back our President. We applaud his It is in no way compatible with our clear when, in his opening statement, he said patience and his perceptiveness. We superiority in nuclear strength, in air that the vote on this measure is meant applaud his efforts at peace, and, equally, pawer, and in sea power. for neither an endorsement of past poli­ his efforts to find a way to reconcile a In Vietnam we are not even :fighting cies nor a commitment to any future belief in and a love of peace with the another Korea. A decade and a half ago policy. commitments to freedom and self-de­ our men fought in Korea side by side The Senator from Georgia went fur­ termination. with Asians from Korea and from out­ ther and stated that the vote on this Yet, we have questions, que.stions that side of Korea. We fought with Euro­ measure would not be considered as weigh heavily on the shoulders of our pean allies. We fought under the ban­ being the views of Senators with regard fighting men in Vietnam and their par­ ner of the United Nations. And we to the foreign policy of the United ents in Texas, in , and in all our fought with and beside the troops of a States. 50 States. stable government--one so stable and so Other remarks have been made. In finding the answers to these ques­ committed to freedom that her troops Some remarks concern how long this tions-both those which are being asked today are joined in the fight in Viet­ debate will continue. and those which remain within others­ nam. I shall make some further observa­ ! believe we must first come to certain To be sure, there are today facts avail­ tions than the short ones which ·I have factual conclusions. able in this country only to the Presi­ made today. I plan to do so on Monday. First, Mr. President, there is the in­ dent. To be sure, the ultimate decision Other Senators plan to do likewise. escapable conclusion that America is to­ of quo vadis-where to go-rests with However, this is not a filibuster. day the single strongest Nation in the our friend and leader, the President. This measure was laid down before world, the strongest ever to grace the face Yet, many of us would counsel him to the Senate only a few days ago. Cer­ of 'this globe in recorded history. This beware of the hawks and the doves and, tainly if the administration were inter­ very strength, capable of destruction of_ above all, those who would neatly cate­ ested in bringing the matter to a quicker any combination of enemies, 1s capable gorize all of us. vate than will probably occur, the meas­ of maintaining a peace-albeit in the twi­ We would counsel him that we believe ure could have been considered earlier. light zone of a cold war or lukewarm in neither immediate withdrawal nor in I see no reason that the measure cannot war. escalation, but in exploration of other be voted on next week. 3454 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD - SENATE February 18, 1966 The Senate debated the repeal of sec­ I ask unanimous consent that the bill The Water Quality Act was not the end tion 14(b) for many weeks. That de­ remain at the desk for 10 days, to give of our efforts. It represented a new be­ bate was finally brought to a conclusion. other Senators an opportunity to join ginning. As President- Johnson said If the administration had wanted to do as cosponsors. when he signed that act: so they could have temporarily laid the The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ This bill that you have passed, that wlll repeal of section 14(b) aside and brou~ht out objection, it is so ordered. The bill become law as a result of a responsive Con­ the pending measure up at an earller will be received and appropriately gress, will not completely assure us of ab­ date. referred. solute success. Additional bolder legislation The Senate adjourned from Thursday, will be needed in the years ahead. But we­ Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President, last have begun. And we have begun. in the February 10, 1966, until Wednesday, Feb­ year the Congress enacted the Water best American tradition-with a program of ruary 16, 1966, in order that members C?f Quality Act of 1965. That legislation, joint Federal, State and local action. the opposition party could return to their which resulted from several years of homes and make political speeches. I work, debate, and deliberation, marked The proposed legislation we are in­ do not deny anyone that right. How­ a major change in the direction and em­ troducing today is bolder legislation. It ever, if it were urgent that this mea~ure phasis of the water pollution control is the product of last year's field hear­ be voted on this week, that certainly and abatement program. ings by the Subcommittee on Air and could have been done. An opportunity Its two key provisions, dealing with Water Pollution of the Public Works could have been afforded to those of us the establishment of a new Water Pol­ Committee. It is designed to implement who want to express our thoughts and lution Control Administration in the De­ the findings published in our report, prayers. Certainly we should not be de­ partment of Health, Education, and Wel­ "Steps Toward Clean Water." It will nied that right. fare and the program for water quality form the basis for hearings and the de­ I believe one thing that has been ac­ standards on interstate streams, made velopment of legislative recommenda­ complished by the present course of possible new and more effective attacks tions which the Committee on Public action is that this question has been fi­ on the problem of providing the right Works plans to report to the Senate later nally removed from the cloakrooms and quality of water in the right place at in the session. the corridors of Capitol Hill, and that the right time. Briefly, Mr. President, this legislation some questions that many of us have The response to the Water Quality would provide for a 6-year, $6 billion pro­ been asking are now in the minds of the Act has been particularly gratifying in gram of grants to municipalities for American people. The American people view of the strong opposition we had to sewage treatment construction, with the have a right to ask.those questions. The overcome to obtain passage. As Sena­ Federal Government paying 30 percent American people are now receiving some tors may recall, it originated in the Sen­ of the total construction cost. It would answers, even if the answers consist of ate as S. 649 in the B'S.th Congress. The remove the present limits on individual further questions. They are entitled to Senate passed it in that Congress, but it project grants. If enacted, it would receive this information. did not receive concurrence in the House. help us meet the estimated $20 billion We do pot live in a totalitarian society We introduced the legislation in the 89th cost of municipal sewage treatment con­ in whioh the voice of opposition should Congress as S. 4. As in the earlier Con­ struction needed to meet our national be stilled. I do not believe that the gress the reaction was mixed. The Sen­ needs between now and 1972. President would want this to occur. ate acted quickly, and after several In addition, the bill provides for in­ That was my reason for calling to the months the House passed a differing ver­ centives to the States to participate in attention of the Senate the words of sion. Protracted negotiations and a con­ the program by offering a 10-percent the President when he was a U.~. Sena­ ference led to final agreement on the act bonus on those grants in cases where the tor. which President Johnson signed Octo­ State matches the Federal contribution. I believe that if the President were here ber 2, 1965. We provide for a long-term, low-interest as a Senator at the present time, he loan program to assist those communities In the months since final enactment, in States where State funds and local would say: I have been enoouraged by the growing Let us proceed with our business in an resources are not adequate to meet the interest among public officials and indus­ local share. We also include a provi­ orderly fashion. Let us debate the issues trial leaders in the comprehensive water and not personalities. Let us concern our­ sion for States to anticipate their allot­ selves with the future of our country and improvement program initiated by the ments to help accelerate the construction with the future of our young people, rather Water Quality Act. I believe that a fun­ program. than with words which wm be hard to strike damental change has occurred in the In order to assist the States in im­ from the minds of some people if these words national attitude toward the water pollu­ proving their own programs, we have are repeated too often. _ tion problem. The discussion has shifted proyided for an increase from $5 million Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, I from the issue of whether or not we to $10 million in the grants for State suggest the absence of a quorum. should improve the quality of our water programs. to the issue of how best to accomplish Finally, Mr. President, we would au­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The our objectives. clerk will call the roll. thorize a $25 million a year program of The legislative clerk proceeded to call The one disturbing factor in these grants for the demonstration of ad­ the roll. months has been the delay in effectively vanced waste treatment and water establishing the new Water Pollution purification methods or new or improved Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President, I ask Control Administration in the Depart­ unanimous consent that the order for methods of compatible joint treatment ment of Health, Education, and Welfare systems for municipal and industrial the quorum call be rescinded. by the appointment of a Water Pollu­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BYRD wastes. tion Control Administrator, as authorized This program is designed to enable us of Virginia in the chair). Without ob­ by the Wa·ter Quality Act. Quite frank­ jection, it is so ordered. to meet our primary and secondary sew­ ly we cannot afford to lose momentum at age treatment construction needs, to up­ this time as a result of delays occasioned grade State programs, and to launch us by administrative uncertainty. AMENDMENTS TO WATER QUALITY into the new and highly important sys­ The new Administration was author­ tems approach to water pollution abate­ ACT OF 1965 ized by the Congress to upgrade the sta­ ment and control and improved water Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President,-on be­ tus of our water pollution control and qtl,ality development. This approach is half of myself and Senators BAYH, BOGGS, abatement program and to broaden the adaptable to different conditions in all GRUENING, HARRIS, HART, INOUYE, JAVITS, emphasis of our water program to in­ parts of the country. It is designed to HARTKE KENNEDY of Massachusetts, Mc­ clude more than health considerations. take .advantage of technological develop­ NAMARA: MONTOYA, Moss, NELSON, RIBI­ The States are now making plans to work ments and the advantages of regional COFF, RANDOLPH, TYDINGS, and YOUNG, with the Administration in the develop­ planning. of Ohio, I introdµce for appropriate ref­ ment of water quality standards. De­ We do not pretend that this proposed erence a bill to amend the Federal Water lay and confusion about the Administra­ legislation is the last word in water pol­ Pollution Control Act, in order to im­ tion and its sta·tus can only succeed in lution control, Mr. President, but we do prove and to make more effective the frustrating the intention of Congress in believe it off'ers a bold approach on which operations of that act. enacting the Water Quality Act of 1965. we can build. February 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD._ ,, SEN.ATE 3455 Mr. President, let me spell out in just "(b) Federal grants under this section vi.Sions of section 7 and has been certified by a word or two the reason for the urgency shall be subject to the following limitations: the State water pollution control agency as of this program. I believe that the pub­ "(l) No grant shaH be made for any entitled to priority-over other eligible proj­ project pursuant to this section unless such ects on the basis 6f financial as well as lic is aware of this urgency. I believe project shall have been approved by appro­ water pollution control needs. Notwith­ that Congress is also increasingly aware priate State water pollution control agency standing the preceding provisions of this of it. I am sure that the President is; or agencies and by the Secretary; subsection, in any case where the State is but, nevertheless, it is useful from time to "(2) No grant shall be made for any proj­ not matching at least 30 per centum of the time to point out that unless we step up, ect in an amount exceeding 50 per centum cost of a project pursuant to an agreement and greatly step up, the present pro­ ·or the estimated reasonable cost thereof as described in clause (2) the requirements in gram to deal with the problem of water determined by the Secretary; and clause (1) relating to approval by the State pollution, by 1980 our water supplies will "(3) No grant shall be made for any proj­ water pollution control agency and clause ect under ithis section unless the Secretary (4) relating to certification by such agency not be sufficient to meet our water re­ determines that such project will serve as a shall not apply. quirements in this greatly expanding useful demonstration for the purpose set SEC. 5. Subsection ( c) of section 8 of the technological and industrial society. forth in clause (1) or (2) of subsection (a). Federal Water Pollution Control Act ls As our standards of living rise, this " ( c) For the purposes of this section there ame'nded by inserting after "The allotments date could be advanced; therefore, this are authorized to be appropriated-:- of a State under the second, third, and problem is an urgent one. .. ( 1) for the fiscal year ending June 30, fourth sentences of this subsection shall be The program which I am presenting, 1966, and for each of the next three suc­ available, in accordance with the provisions ceeding fiscal years, the sum of $20,000,000 of this section, for payments with respect to although it seems to involve a great deal per fiscal year for the purpose set forth in projects in such State which have been ap­ of money, is no more than the minimum clause (1) of subsection (a), including con­ proved under this section" a comma and the needs required for the next 5 years ·to do tracts pursuant to such subsection for such following: "except that in the case of any an effective job. purpose; and project on which construction was initiated Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ "(2) for the fiscal year ending June 30, in such State after June 30, 1966, and which sent that the full text of the bill be 1967, and for each of the next four succeed­ meets the requirements for assistance .under printed in the RECORD. ing fiscal years, the sum of $25,000,000 per this section but was constructed without fiscal year for the purpose set forth in such assistance, such allotments shall also The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill clause (2) of subsection (a), including con­ be available for payments in reimbursement will be received and appropriately re­ tracts pursuant to such subsection. for such of State or local funds used for such project ferred; and, without objection, the bill purpose. to the extent that assistance could have will be printed in the- RECORD and held Sums so appropriated shall remain available been provided under this section if such at the desk, as requested by the Senator until expended. No grant or contract for project had been approved pursuant to this from Maine. the purpose of either such clause (1) or (2) section and adequate funds had been avail­ The bill

~tary of the Treasury, taking intq con­ Richard F. Malm Ted L. Gannaway IN THE ARMY sideration the current average yields of out­ Cqrtland G. Pohie, Jr. Robert A. Moss The following-named persons for appoint­ standing marketable obligations of the John L. Klenk Richard M. Thomas ment in the Regular Army b~ transfer in U*1i.ted States having maturities comparable George E. Cote Daniel L. Muir the grades specified, under the provisions of to the maturities of loan.s made pursuant Swain L. Wilson Graham Hall title 10, United States Code, sections 3283, to this subsection. Such loans may not be Phillip B. Moberg John L. Steinmetz, Jr. 3284, 3285, 3286, 3287, 3288, 3290, and 3292: used for the State's share of tl}.e cost of a Lawrence A. White Joseph P. Hratko project pursuant to a matching agreement Wilfred R. Blea~ley, Hugh C. Wyatt To be captain, Judge Advocate General's entered inJto under :section 8(b) (2). Jr. Robert C. Powell C; Taylor, Daniel E., 05413625. Parker, Thomas C., 02318580. Davis, Bruce D., 05409479. Taylor, Thomas L., 05318275. Purrington, P~ter R., 05406391. Demey, John, 05219574. Templeton, Allen E., 05216433. Rausin, Ronald W., 05416219. Duke, Walter B ., Jr., 05406008. Thompson, Robert A., 05316840. Rayburn, James L., 05317970. Edwards, Richard C., 05213822. Tilson, Charles E., 05706593. Rhodes, Charles E., 05324994. 3458 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE February 18, 1966 Ring, Dennis A. To be captains, Women's Army Corps second lieutenant under the provisions of Rogan, Donald M., 05320516. Steinbach, Edna M., L1020656. title 10, United States Code, sections 2106, Saffold, Albert W., 05223196. Wolcott, Jeane M., L1020060. 3283, 3284, 3286, 3287 and 3288: Schucker, David R., 05220820. Abrams, Alan D., Jr. Capozzi, Roy M. Sparkman, Ira H., 05318890. To be first lieutenant, Army Medical Specialist Corps Ackroyd-Kelly, Ian H. Capps, James H. Stanton, James W., 05011263. Adair, Kenyon R. Carden, Albert P. Stawski, Edmund J., Jr., 05406745. Richard, Ida, R5411453. Adams, James C. Carpenter, John F. Stewart, George D., 05406234. To be first lieutenants, Army Nurse Corps Addison, William C. Casaletto, James J. Stunkard, Larry E., 05406395. Gray, Helen V., N2296893. Alexander, James P. Cascio, Joseph Sweet, Worth A., Jr., 05322194. Johnson, Wilhelmina T., N5411498. Allcut, Gregory L. Castner, Harvey R. Szymanski, Ronald F., 05016082. Ames, Marshall A., Jr. Chandler, Willlam A. Usrey, Elgan H., 05318892. To be first lieutenants, Judge Advocate Gen- Amos, William B. Channel, Warren W. Vance, Gary W., 054-086'79. eral's Corps Anderson, David B. Chester, James M. ViUasenor, Antonio R., 0532-0407. Atkins, Thomas H., 023138&2. Anderson, John D. Chester, Lloyd L. Walker, Lyman J., II, 05517056. Friedler, Sydney, 02319769. Anderson, Leonard G., Clegg, Ronald W. Wallace, Richard W., 05017332. Merrill, Robert D., 05706697. Jr. Cleveland, Floyd T. Wamsher, Richard C., 05709342. Pauley, Earl A., 0&223386. Anderson, Melvyn L., Coates, Robert E., Jr. Watson, Wycklifle T., 05320101. Pope, William A., 02315595. II Cobb, Robert G. Wauford, Raymond J., 05320725. Rarden, Micha.el A., 05706308. Andrade, Eliseo A. Coffey, Robert S. Wayne, James A., 05406162. Thompson, Edward, Jr., 05010829. Andrews, Paul W. Coffin, John F. Weisman, Donald E., 05532408. Wosepka, James L., 05516078. Antoniuc, Robert P. Coffman, Jimmy N. Wells, James V., 05530023. To be first lieutenants, Medical Corps Armstrong, Elmo G., Cole, William P. Welte, Ronald F., 05709288. Jr. Coletti, Francis E. White, Eddie J., 05317825. Carson, Gordon C., ill, 05312658. Arndt, Thomas E. Colley, Ralph C., Jr. Wresche, Dee V., 05415555. Ganakis, Emanuel J. Arnold, Charles J. Colliander, Douglas C. York, Thomas A., 05406943. McMeekln, Robert R., Jr. Ashjian, John P. Combs, John c. The following-named persons for appoint­ To be first lieutenants, Medical Service 1'\tkinson, James R. Conner, Albert z., Jr. ment in the Regular Army of the United Corps Austin, Glenn A., Jr. Conte, Dominick States, in the grades and branches specified, Brouillette, Rober.t F., 02293687. Bailey, Paul K. Coolidge, John G. undex the provisions of title 10, United Forrester, J ·ames K., 02309627. Barker, Paul E. Cooper, Roger C. States Code, sections 3283, 3284, 3285, 3286, McGarry, Joseph J., 05010324. Barron, William .A., Jr. Coords, Robert H. 3287, 3288, 3289, 3290, 3291, 3292, 3293, 3294, Yohman, Joseph F., 05217862. Barton, George L., IV Corcoran, William F. and 3311: Baumgartner, Glenn Cork, Stephen D. To be second lieutenants, Army Nurse Corps , To be majors, Medical Corps W. Cornell, David R. Devin, Kathleen, N5709045. Bausch, James M. Cortes, Michael J. Bzik, Karl D., 05014573. Maddocks, Carmen F., N5411669. Beechinor, Robert L. Cosper, Ronnie G. Gimesh, John S., 05-012767. McGrath Jo Ann, N5417311. Belch, Peter P., Jr. Coveney, Kenneth G. McDowell, Frank, J ·r., 01341807. Peterson, Mary L., N5422013. Bell, Edwin D. Cox, George R. To be captain, Army Medical Specialist Corps Staggs, Jewell D., N2317439. Belz, George D., Jr. Craft, Winfred o., Jr. Von Prince, Kilulu M. P., J2296080. Zahm, Karen E., N5021555. Benefield, Johnie H., Cramblett, Alva D. Jr. Cravens, Jaines J .• Jr. To be captains, Army Nurse Corps To be second lieutenants, Medical Service Corps Bennett, Kelley E. Crook, Dennis B. Baker, Gertrude E., N5407145. Berkey. Richard 0.: Cross, Reese W., Jr. Whitmire, Betty A., N5407154. Goodspeed, Paul A., 02317452. Bero, John F. Crunkleton, Jon R. To be captains, chaplain Jones, Douglas E., 05214655. Binkoski, Vincent A., Cundiff, Robert E. To be second lieutenant, Women's Army Jr. Cunningham, Donald Foreman, William E., 05206138. Black, Jerry.M. E. Pember, Marion D., 02307880. Corps Monahan, Carole, L5322604. Blackwell, Russell R. Curington, Calvin F. To be captains, Dental Corps Blanchette, Joel G. Cushing, John R. Blaho, Daniel M., Jr., 05319954 The following-named distinguished mili­ Blr..nd, William R. Daggy, David N. Coe, Clyde A., 05213675. tary student for appointment in the Judge Blazier, John C. Darby, Leon H. Crombie, John N., 05214092. Advocate General's Corps, Regular Army of Bloomfield, Roger B. Daulton, Jack A. Dukes, Richard D ., 05319956. the United States, in the grade of first lieu­ Bloyd, John R. Davis, Homer L., III Pompura, John P., 05214115. tenant, under the provisions of title 10, Bock, William P. Davis, Robert H. Rufi, James M., 05301467. United States Code, sections 2106, 3283, 3284, Boland, Thomas L. Davis, Thaddeus J., III Russell, John T., 05501581. 3286, 3287, 3288, and 3292: Bond, Peter A. Dawson, Lester P. Schreck, Gerald G., 05525948. Mallard, Wade V., 05321021. Bonnell, Kenneth L. DeMeo, Lawrence J., Wampold, Mervin H. Borton, John R. Jr. The following-named distinguished mili­ Bowdoin, Charles D. Denny, Frederick I. To be captains, Judge Advocate General's tary students for appointment in the Medi­ Corps Bowling, John S. Detlefsen, George D. cal Service Corps, Regular Army of the United Boyd, Arthur R., Jr. Deusebio, Frank c. Newbern, William D., 05412084. States in the grade of second lieutenant, Boyd, Michael F. Devenish, David F. Noble, James E., 02218749. under the provisions of title 10, United States Brackney, Stuart R. Devlin, Donald L., Jr. Yelton, James M., Jr., 02307859. Code, sections 2106, 3283, 3284, 3286, 3287, Bradshaw, Marvin R. Dickson, Richard G. To be captains, Medical Corps 3288, and 3290: Braun, Thomas H. Dillard, Toney W. Fauver, Howard E., Jr., 05207619. Badgett, Arthur L. Land, Henry W., II Bremer, Charles A. Dion, Henry F. Hawryluk, Orest, 05501023. Bell, William H., Jr. MacKay, Pierce B. Bresett, Harold P. Divita, Joseph M. Hefter, Thomas G., 02311310. Bodenbender, David Martin, Andrews. Brewer, Charles E. Doles, Steven M. Holman, Melvin R., 0552'5410. G. McKinstry, Earl R. Brewster, William A. Dombrowsky, Thomas Kent, James J., 05408761. Boyd, Willie H. Morris, Arnold E. Brisbine, Glen E. s. Kimbrell, Robert A., 05316011. Burt, John M. Mundy, Mark J. Brister, Douglas W. Donarum, Frederick R. McKillop, James A., 05012858. Catanzaro, Thomas E. O'Connell, John E. Broman, James E. Donovan, James J. McMillin, Theodore R., Jr., 02318627. Feeney, Donald E. Ortiz, Teofila Broscha, Donald E., Jr. Dorsey, Mercer M., Jr. Morales, Hernan, 05826480. Ford, Thomas M., Jr. Ostrander, James H. Brown, Danny L. Dowling, Matthew J. Morgan, Wllliam P., 05315851. Gallego, Lawrence Owen, John T. Brown, George L. Downie, Terry c. Mounger, Emerson J., 05711606. Galt, John E. Rodman, Terral L. Brown, Jerry A. Dowse, Richard K., II Perry, Roger W., Jr., 05206852. Gaston, Gary W. Schnabel, Godfrey Brown, Laurence C., Dreher, Richard E. Piggott, James A., 05200423. Grubbs, John M. Serrani, William P. Jr. Duderstadt, Eugene W Roeser, Waldomar M., 05518527. Harding, Richard A. Sherwood, John M. Brownell, Richard P. du Fief, Thomas A. Bruton, James K., Jr. Dugan, William R. Stojic, Borislav, 05014678. Hickey, Daniel J. Staples, David c. Horn, Timothy B. Tinkler, Duane R. Burne, Alan R. Easterly, Lewis A., III Varela, Gilberto E., 05826387. Burson, George S., Jr. Echeverria, Robert L. White, Richard H., 04044679. Kerins, James J. Tuomi, Jay A. Krupka, Thaddeus A. Ungemach, Frederick Burton, Michael D. Eckert, Edward K. To be captains, Medical Service Corps LaChey, Terrence L. K., II Cabral, Bernardo J. Ecuyer, Lawrence J. Bukowski, Robert V., 04064580. Lamb, Gregory N. Weed, Roger I. Caine, Bruce T. Edstrom, David G. Gilchrist, Alexander K., 02297790. Caldwell, Craig D. Ehart, Stephen H. The following-named distinguished mili­ Camardese, Zachary Elkins, Estel E., Jr. Gutin, Howard D., 02264207. ·tary students for appointment in the Regular Temperllli, John, Jr., 04006075. Campbell, James B., Eller, Thomas H .• Jr. Army of the United States in the grade of Jr. Eslick, Jesse A. February 18, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 3459 . Esmay, Jerry D. Haugen, Robert M., Jr. Kresge, John A. Mihata, Kevin K. Proffitt, Robert W. Snl.idt, O'l'ville B. Estabrook, George L. Hawfield, William D., Krizman, Matthew A. Miles, Peter .H., Purdy, William A., Jr. Smith, Earl F. Evans, Mickey S. Jr. Krupey, Robert L. 05024220 Quinn, Dennis J. Smith, Edgar L., III Evans, Thomas M. Hawkins, James 0. Kuykendall, Joseph L. Millard, James R. Raburn, Henry L., Jr. Smith, James E . Fairhead, Michael P. Heath, Donald C. Lagattuta, Frank C. Miller, Christian S. Ramirez, Rene Smith, Larry G. Farwell, James D. Hemenway, John P., Lambert, Michael 0. Miller, David F. Ramsburg, Charles L. Smith, Mason E. Faulkner, Charles E. Jr. Lambeth, Carl L . Miller, Elwood M. Raney, Jerry F. Smith, Roger B. Fayssoux, James E., Jr.Hemphill, Robert F., Lance, Harold V. Miller, Henry S., Jr. Reeves, Ronald G . Smith, Walter A. Fenner, Hubert E. Jr. Landry, Robert H. Miller, John M. Regan, Timothy D. Smyth, Dennis L. Ferguson, Richard E. Hemsley, James M. Lanman, Donald E. Mitchell, Robert W., Reid, Theodore w. Snyder, Charles J., Fernandez, Bruce R. Henry, Myles D. Lanpher, Patrick C. 05713470 Rhodes, Jeter E., Jr. III Ferrari, Bernard D. Herbaugh, Marvin 0 ., Lantz, William P. Monroe, Richard W. Rich, Jimmie H. Spollen, John W. Feurer, Michael H. Jr. LaPosta, Robert H. Monteverde, Miguel Richardson, Sterling Sporkmann, Carl H. Filipiak, Robert P. ·Hernandez, Raul R. LaPrise, William A., E. R. Stafford, Edward P ., Filson, James C. Herndon, Clarence W., Jr. Mooney, John F. Riley, Harold E ., Jr. Jr. Finley, E arl W. Jr. Larkin, Robert M. Moore, Archie L. Rimer, James R., Jr. Stanhope, Michael A. Fischer, Raymond C. HesteT, Kenneth R . Lattin, John H., Jr. Moore, Bruce E. Ritchie, Robin P. Stark, Leroy W ., Jr. Fitzgerald, Nicholas E. 'Hightower, Edward H., Lauffer, George W. Moore, Jack M. Ritter, Gary G. Staudte, Gerald K. Flanagan, Edward J ., Jr. Lawrence, John T., II Moran, Ancil F. B. Rivera, Erotido Steffy, Dean M. Jr. Hmara, Jeffrey L. Lawrence, Michael B. Moren, Jan W. Robblee, Paul A., Jr. Stephens, Jack R. Fletcher, Douglas M. Hoch, Robert B. Lawson, Clifford T., Mrachek, William J. Robertson, Henry D. Stirling, James Y. Flowers, Kenneth F. Hogue, Peter W. Jr. Mullans, John R . Robertson, Richard Stowell, Walter 0. Foster, Michael R. Hollis, Wardell, Jr. Leczo, Theodore J. Muller, Kenneth L. P. Strand, Bruce G., Fowler, Robert F ., II Holmes, Donald L. Lee, Charles S. K. Mundy, Rodney D. Robinson, David M. 05536574 Foy, Thomas W. Holmes, Willi am E. Leech, Lloyd L., ID Murff, Robert H. II. Strohm, Gary C. Francisco, William P., Honerkamp, Frederick Leger, Richard E . Murphy, Leonard K., Robinson, Kenneth Sullivan, Cavin F. III W., III Leidwanger, Wayne G . Jr. W. Swartz, Fred S. Franzoni, Agostino Hood, John E. R. Lennon, Leo A. Murty, Monty R. Robison, Charles L., Swenson, Francis B., Frederick, James L. Hoose, Frederick R. · Leonard, John W., III Muth, Richard A. Jr. Jr. French, Terry R. Hopkins, Cornell Lepore, Frank C., Jr. Myers, Don W. Rogers, James L. Taylor, David R. Frey, Douglas J. Hopkini;;, Frederick T., L'Esperance, David F. Nacy, Charles T. Rogerson, William A. Taylor, John C. Fry, Fred L. Jr. Levering, William D. Na nto, Howard N. Romine, Philo M. Taylor, Kenneth H., Jr. Funk, Donald J. Horan, John J. Libby, John W. N:avas, William A. Roming, Peter P. Taylor, Michael E. Gan, Keith R. Horne, Thomas A. Lindsay, James G. Nemetz, Donald A. Rominsky, Stephen Taylor, Richard H. Garnett, Craig H. Howell, Briley W., Jr. Linke, Howard T. Nichols, Buddy R. A., Jr. Teixeira, Edward T. Garr~tt, Stacy F., Ill Hoysa, Matthew J., Jr. Lippert, Lloyd E. Norman, Lucious J., Rosecrans, Richard Terrell, Richard D. Gardson, James L., Jr. Hrdlicka, Douglas L. Littell, George S. Jr. G. Theriault, Raymond J. Garst, Robert E., Jr. Huohingson, Frank M., Livecchi, Samuel G. Nowosadko, John, Jr. Rosser, Lawrence B. Thompson, Charles W. Gaspard, Milbon J., Jr. Jr. Lloyd, Howard M., Jr. O'Beirne, James H. Rowe, John L., Jr. Thompson, John A. Gaudet, Robert F. Hudkins, Michael L. Lockard, Winston P. O 'Brien, Alfred H. Rubino, Lawrence F. Thorne, Charles Gaudette, William F., Hudson, Cornelius M. Long, Marion G., Jr. Ohl, Arthur W. Ruble, Ray C. E.,Jr. III Hunt, William A. Louthan, Frank G., III Okimoto, Alexander Rugg, Stephen K. Thornton, Michael D. Gaynor, John S ., Jr. Hurley, James P. Loveland, Daniel J. M. · Rush, Bobby G. Thorpe, William C. Gehr, George W. Hutchins, Andrew C. Lowe, John R. Olean, Stephen A., Jr. Russ, Joseph R., Jr. Timmes, Thomas A. Gerwing, Theodore P. Hyngstrom, Thomas Lowry, Stephen R. Oliver, Edward L., Ill Russell, Van B. III Tingley, Jack E. Gesker, J oseph M. R. MacKenzie, Stephen Olson , David V. Rutherford, Wilson Tison, Joseph T. G ilb ert, Robert L. Imamura, Robert M. A. Omasta, Robert J. R. III Tomoyasu, Wayne R. Gilfus, Jay E. Immordino, Vincent Magnusson, John A. Omsberg, James R. Ryland, Charles M. Trbovich, Stephen M., Gillespie, George A., II, J. Magruder, Douglas G. Osteen, Wilson M., Jr. Sabo, Thomas W. II 05536522. Irvin, Robert R ., Jr. Mahoney, Stephen W. Otis, John A. Saikowski, John J .• Tualla, Larry G. Glasrud, David E. Jablonski, J ames J. Maloy, Richard E ., Jr. Oursler, Robert C., Jr. Jr. Tucker, Thomas A. Gleason, P a trick T. J a cques, Donald M., Marchetti, Edward M. P ackard, John A., Jr. Saville, Dale W. Turner, Courtney K Gollwit zer , Gerald E. Jr. Marino, John E. Packwood, Jan B. Sawyer, Philip A. Turner, Edward W. Gorczyca , Thomas E. Javaras, Angelo N. Marques, Steven J. Palm, David C. Schlatter, Joseph A., Turner, Lonnie C. Gordon, Maurice K., Jeanblanc, Donald R. Martin, William F., II Pardee, Jonathan H. Jr. Ulisse, Peter II Johnson, Dean A. Mathews, James C. Parent, David S. Schmedeman, John Upton, Joseph F. Grant, Francis R. Johnson, George P. Matsumoto, Claude C. Parker, Buddy L. R . Valencia, Samuel H. Grass, Stephen A. Johnson, Roger L. Matthews, David F. P arker, Frederick C., Schmidt, Keith A. Van Helsland, Mar- Grau, Lester W. Johnson, Willis s., III Matthews, John W. nr Schrader, Gregg M. shall C., Jr. Green, J ames H. Jones, H arry M. Mayer, Carl H. Parrish, Robert D. Schwabenbauer, Van Meter, Terry Gregoire, Marvin G. Jones, Leland B. McBeth, Robert E. P aschall, Charles H. JamesR. Van Teslaar, David A. Griffing, Thomas T. Jones, Paul D. McConnell, Donald H., P a squale, Thomas L., Schweigert, Peter, Jr. Vaughan, Gerald P. Grisham, William G. Jones, Willis L. Jr. Jr. Schwoerke, Roland J View, James E. Griswold, Wilburn C. Jordan, Daniel W . McDonald, Carroll W. P a ylor, John W. Scofield, Eugene L. Vogler, Robert J. Gross, Jimmie G. Kacerguis, Peter A. McDonald, Robert C. Payne, Mack W. Seekins, Larry I. Walla ce, George R., III Grunewald, Robert E., Kaneshiro, Arthur T. McDuff, Charles R. Pelzmann, Gerald F. Segar, Floyd L. Walsh, Robert M. Jr. Kaufman, Kenneth M. McFarland, Robert A. Perkins, Joe C. Serrem, Mark M. Walter, Thomas M. Grunte, Peter L. Keane, John M. McGarvey, William R. Perkins, John E. Seward, Douglas J. Walters, John A. Gunter, Robert E., Jr. Keel, Jarvis A., Jr. McGavock, Donald F. Perry, Frederick C., Shamlin, Gary E. Waltz, John B., Ill Gustafson, James H. Keener, Richard K. McGinness, Harry J., Jr. Sharkey, Vincent J., Warren, Dennis J. Hagen, Hugh E. Kelleher, Thomas J., III Perry, Ronnie L. Jr. Warshawsky, Arnold S. Hahn, Frank R. Jr. McGrath, Eugene T. Peters, Curtis A. Sharkey, William T . Watkins, John M., Jr. Hall, Roland C., Jr. Kemp, Richard N. McGuirl, John P. Petkewitz, Thomas G. Sharp, GTegory L. Watson, Robert W ., Jr. Hall, William R., Jr. Kesler, Dickson E. Mcintosh, William A. Pfeil, Jimmy E. Shea, Kerry H. Watson, Sherman E. Halliday, Robert W., ll Ketzis, Sandor I. McKee, Stephen F. Pickles, Richard W. Sheldahl, Baron C. ·Webb, Stan L. Hamllton, Gary E. Kimery, Bruce F. McKenna, Robert E. Pieri, Steven K. Shipp, Oharles A. Weddle, Randall J. Hammerstone, Thom-Kirkey, Charles D. McLeod, Glenn A. Pinkus, David R. Shuford, Richard J. Wegelin, Victor as R . Kirkland, Travis P. McRae, George J . Pittman, Paul M., Jr. Shyloski, Edward J. Welch, Emmett A., II Hampl, Joseph J., Jr. Kitchens, Clarence W., Measels, Michael L. Pohl, Peter W. Sides, Richard G. Wells, John W., III Hankey, John R., Jr. Jr. Meecha, John R. Poirier, Robert G. Silva, Thomas E. Whitaker, Gary D. Hardister, James C. Kitts, Charles W. Meniig, Robert W. Ponder, Charles A. Simons, John E. Whitehair, Charles A. Hardy, James T. Kluender, Richard A. Menser, Kent D. Poole, James L. Sims, Joe A., Jr. Whitehurst, James L., Hardy, John W. Knedler, Charles M., Merle, Bruce H . Poore, Randolph T. Singleton, Royce A., Jr. Harman, William R. Jr. Metcalfe, Jerry F. Port, Robert R. Jr. Whiteside, Albert, III Harper, Joe L. Kni.ghrt, Richard D. Metz, John M., Jr. Porter, William R. Sisti, Francis J. Whitton, Robert W. Harper, Paul R., Jrr. Knowles, Bruce R. Meyer, Thomas P. Powell, Charles E. Skirvin, Glen D., Jr. Wicker, Shelton B., Harris, Garl A. Knowlton, David L. Mezs, Maris Powers, George W. Slagle, Billy S. Jr. Harris, Hubert E., Jr. Koprowski, Michael P. Michael, Danny R. Price, Dale R., Slaughter, James B. Williams, Duane E. Harris, Rich.a.rd H. Kotrlik, John J. Middleton, George S. 05022678 Sloane, Medwyn D., Williams, Lewis R., Jr. Hassett, James P. Kramer, Peter N., Jr. Miggins, Michael D. Pritchard, Paul C. III Willison, Gary S. 3460 CONGRESS10NAL RECORD - HOUSE Feb_ruary 21, 1966 Wlllman, Charles E. Worthen, Dale L. poverty, and . despair. Hasten the day Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I should wms, Mark A. Yam.aura, Lawrence when the millennial hope of justice, like my statement to follow the remarks Wilson, Daniel E. Yates, William. E., Jr. peace, and brotherly love shall be estab­ which will appear in the RECORD by the Wilson, David E. Yim., Gordon T . K. K. lished and will prevail throughout the distinguished majority leader relative to Wilson, Frank E. s. Wilson, Haldon D., Jr. Youm.ans, Tom.m.y B. world. Amen. the death on yesterday of one of the Wilson, Woodrow 0., Young, Earl W., Jr. great leaders of our country in World Jr. Zaehringer, Theodore War II. Winget, Harold W. A. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT The name of Admiral Nimitz became Wise, Lawrence F., Jr. Zahn, Sylvan A., Jr. A message in writing from the Presi­ as famous and as well known as any Witt, Sherrill A. Ziehler, Paul M. dent of the United States was communi­ hero in the history of our Nation during Wooliever, Robert A. Ziem.ann, Cornelius M. cated to the House by Mr. Geisler, one of World War II, when he commanded the his secretaries. greatest fleet ever assembled-over 1,000 CONFIRMATION fighting ships and well over a million fighting men-which conquered island Executive nomination confirmed by THE JOURNAL after island in the Pacific, and which led the Senate February 18, 1966: The J oumal of the proceedings of to our victory over the Japanese Empire. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION Thursday, February 17, 1966, was read Our Nation has lost one of its greatest Nathan M. Koffsky, of Maryland, to be a and approved. heroes. mem.ber -of the Board of Directors of the Mr: LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, I would like Comm.odity Credit Corporation. to associate myself with the remarks of DEATH OF ADM. CHESTER W. NIMITZ the gentleman from Louisiana on the •• ..... •• passing of the great Fleet Adm. Chester Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask W. Nimitz. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unanimous consent that the gentleman All Americans have cause to mourn the from Oklahoma [Mr. ALBERT] may ex­ passing of this great American who MONDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1966 tend his remarks at this point in the served his country so well in war and RECORD. peace. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The SPEAKER pro tempore: Is there Mr. Speaker, Sunday, February 20, objection to the request of the gentleman 1966, marked the passing of one of our from Louisiana? Nation's most famous admirals who died DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO There was no objection. TEMPORE at his home on Yerba Buena Island,. Calif. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, another Admiral Nimitz commanded the most The SPEAKER pro tempore. The of the great heroes of World War II has pawerful fleet the world has ever known Clerk will read the fallowing communica­ disappeared with the death yesterday of in driving the Japanese Navy from the tion. Admiral of the Fleet Chester W. Nimitz. Pacific Ocean in World War II. He took The Clerk read as follows: Admiral Nimitz had spent all but 15 of over the shattered U.S. :fleet shortly after F'F;BRUARY 21, 1966. his 81 years in the service of the U.S. the attack on Pearl Harbor and nurtured I hereby designate the Honorable CARL Navy. In World War I he served in the its recovery and growth into a force of ALBERT to act as Speaker pro tern.pore today. Atlantic Fleet with a submarine division 16,000 aircraft, 5,000 ships, and 2 million JOHN w. McCORMACK, in a day when submarines were regarded men-the mightest armada ever assem­ Speaker of the House of Representatives. as strange military instruments. In bled. World War II he assumed command of It was a distinct honor for me to have PRAYER our shattered forces at Pearl Harbor and served in the Pacific Fleet under Admiral 2 years later led the Pacific Fleet to vic­ Nimitz during this crucial period of time Rabbi Norman Zdanowitz, of the Con­ tory in the battles of the Coral Sea, Mid­ in our history. gregation Beth Abraham, Auburn, Maine, way, Tarawa, and the Marianas. His On September 1, 1945, Fleet Admiral offered the following prayer: name is synonymous with many of the Nimitz was one of the signers of the O Heavenly Father, inoculate with the historic sea engagements of World War United States when Japan formally :radiance of Thy divine spirit those who II. signed the surrender terms aboard the .are charged with the great responsibility Admiral Nimitz was a superb leader battleship in Tokyo Bay. <>f directing the affairs of our glorious and a highly knowledgeable technician. On October 5, 1945, which had been and beloved country. Endow them with He was the builder of the Navy's first officially designated as "Nimitz Day" in insight and foresight in this crucial diesel engine, the designer and builder Washington, D.C., Admiral Nimitz was period to champion and to · safeguard of the first naval forward repair stations personally presented a Gold Star in lieu mankind's inalienable rights to .life, lib­ and maintenance squadrons which over­ of the third Distinguished Service Medal ·erty, and the pursuit of happiness. came a prime weakness in the naval fleet by the President of the United States Protect and sustain, strengthen and in the Pacific and contributed enormous­ "For ex;ceptionally meritorious service as 1nspire our illustrious President, Vice ly to naval victories in that ·area. commander in chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet President, and these distinguished lead­ Admiral Nimitz commanded a thou­ and Pacific Ocean areas, from June 1944 ers of this great Republic. sand ships and 2 million men and saw to August 1945." May the patriotism, wisdom, and cou­ the successful culmination of the efforts Mr. Speaker, under unanimous con­ rageous spirit of George Washington, of the Pacific Fleet from the deck of the sent, I include the text of the citation whose birthday we reverently pause to U.S.S. Missouri when the Japanese ca­ which accompanied the Gold Star pres­ celebrate tomorrow, ever serve as a lan­ pitulation was signed on September 2, entation on October 5, 19.45, at this point tern to illumine their path, to maintain 1945. in the RECORD. a Government "which gives to bigotry Throughout his long career he was five The citation follows: no sanction and to persecution no as­ times awarded the Distinguished Serv­ Initiating the final phase in the battle for .sistance." ice Medal for wartime exploits, received victory in the Pacific, [he] attacked the Vouchsafe Thy blessings upon the gal­ most of the NaVY's highest decorations, Marianas, invading Saipan, infiicting a de­ lant men of our Armed Forces who have and wide recognition for his outstanding cisive defeat in the Japanese Fleet in ttie gone forth to arrest the reckless wave service. While honors were showered first battle of the Philippines and captur­ ·of unprovoked aggression and bloodshed upon him, he was no less honored and ing Guam and Tinian. rn vital continuing <>n distant shores. Crown their efforts loved for his poise under fire, his tact and operations, his Fleet Forces isolated the understanding, and his down-to-earth enemy-held bastions of the Central and East­ with triumph and enable them to achieve ern Carolines and secured in quick succes­ the suppression of tyranny and lawless­ attitude. sion Peleliu, Angaur, and Ulithi. With re­ ness. All Americans mourn the passing of connaissance of the main beaches on Leyte May the United States remain a citadel this great naval hero who defended our effected, approach channels cleared and op­ of freedom and a watchtower from which country so long and well. position neutralized in" joint operations to .rays of light and hope shall be 'beamed I extend my sympathy to his family reoccupy the Philippines, the challenge by to those who are now living in darkness, and loved ones. powerful task forces of the Japanese Fleet