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Partial Replacement of Aggregate with Ceramic Tile in Concrete

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Partial Replacement of Aggregate with Ceramic Tile in Concrete A PROJECT REPORT ON “PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF AGGREGATE WITH CERAMIC TILE IN CONCRETE” SUBMITTED TO JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING BY G.SAI CHAND (15KQ1D8705) Under The Esteemed Guidance Of Mr. P.RAVI KUMAR, M.Tech ASST.PROFESSOR, DEPT OF CE. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PACE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES (AFFLIATED TO JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA & ACCRIDATED BY NAAC ‘A’ GRADE & AN ISO 9001-2008 CERTIFIED INSTITUTION) VALLUR,PRAKASAM(Dt). 2015-2017 PACE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES, VALLUR DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project work “PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF AGGREGATE WITH CERAMIC TILE IN CONCRETE” Submitted by G.SAI CHAND , is examined and adjusted as sufficient as a partial requirement for the MASTER DEGREE IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological university, Kakinada is a bonafide record of the work done by student under my guidance and supervision. Project Guide Head of the Department P.RAVI KUMAR , M.Tech, G.GANESH NAIDU,M.Tech,(P.hd) Asst. Professor Asst. Professor & HOD, DEPARTMENT OF CE DEPARTMENT OF CE Principal Dr. C.V.SUBBA RAO, M.Tech , Phd. PROJECT EXTERNAL EXAMINER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartiest concern of words to all those people who have helped me in various ways to complete my project. I express my profound gratitude to my Project guide Mr.P.RAVI KUMAR, M.Tech, Asst.Professor, Department of CE for his valuable and inspiring guidance, comments, and encouragements throughout the course of this project. We are highly indebted to Mr.G.GANESH NAIDU, M.Tech,Ph.d, Assistant Professor and Head of Civil Engineering Department. He has been a constant source of encouragement and has inspired me in completing the project and helped us at various stages of project work. First and foremost I express my heartfelt gratitude to our principal Dr.C.V.SUBBA RAO, M.Tech,Ph.d,Department of Mechanical Engineering of our institution for forecasting an excellent academic environment which made my project work possible. Sincerely thanks to our Secretary and Correspondent Sri.M.SRIDHAR, M.Tech, for his kind support and encouragement. I extend my sincere thanks to our faculty members and lab technicians for their help in completing the project work. G.SAI CHAND (15KQ1D8705) DECLARATION I, hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this dissertation entitled “PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF AGGREGATE WITH CERAMIC TILE IN CONCRETE’’, submitted towards the partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Technology in STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING at Pace institute of technology and sciences, Vallur is an authentic record of my work carried out under the supervision of Mr.P.RAVIKUMAR M.Tech, Assistant Professor Department of C.E,. at Pace institute of technology and sciences, Vallur. The matter embodied in this dissertation report has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree. Further the technical details furnished in the various chapters in this report are purely relevant to the above project and there is no deviation from the theoretical point of view for design, development and implementation. G.SAI CHAND (15KQ1D8705) Abstract Due to the day to day innovations and development in construction field, the use of natural aggregates is increased tremendously and at the same time, the production of solid wastes from the demolitions of constructions is also quite high. Because of these reasons the reuse of demolished constructional wastes like ceramic tile and granite powder came into the picture to reduce the solid waste and to reduce the scarcity of natural aggregates for making concrete. The ceramic tile waste is not only occurring from the demolition of structures but also from the manufacturing unit. Studies show that about 20-30% of material prepared in the tile manufacturing plants are transforming into waste. This waste material should have to be reused in order to deal with the limited resource of natural aggregate and to reduce the construction wastes. Crushed waste ceramic tiles, crushed waste ceramic tile powder and Granite powder are used as a replacement to the coarse aggregates and fine aggregate. The ceramic waste crushed tiles were partially replaced in place of coarse aggregates by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. Granite powder and ceramic tile powder were replaced in place of fine aggregate by 10% along with the ceramic coarse tile. M25 grade of concrete was designed and tested. The mix design for different types of mixes were prepared by replacing the coarse aggregates and fine aggregate at different percentages of crushed tiles and granite powder. Experimental investigations like workability, Compressive strength test, Split tensile strength test, Flexural strength test for different concrete mixes with different percentages of waste crushed and granite powder after 7, 14 and 28 days curing period has done. It has been observed that the workability increases with increase in the percentage of replacement of granite powder and crushed tiles increases. The strength of concrete also increases with the ceramic coarse tile aggregate up to 30% percentage. Keywords: Crushed tiles, Compressive strength, Flexural strength, Granite powder, Split Tensile strength. i CONTENTS Page No. ABSTRACT i CONTENTS ii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi SYMBOLS vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 CONCRETE 2 1.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 2 1.3 PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE 3 1.4 LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE 4 1.5 CONSTRUCTION WASTE IN INDIA 4 1.6 TILE AGGREGATE CONCRETE 5 1.6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF TILE AGGREGATE CONCRETE 5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 GENERAL 7 2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 3. MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES 3.1 MATERIALS USED 12 3.1.1 CEMENT 12 3.1.2 FINE AGGREGATE 13 3.1.3 COARSE AGGREGATE 13 3.1.4 WATER 14 ii 3.1.5 CERAMIC TILE AGGREGATE 15 3.1.6 CERAMIC TILE FINE AGGREGATE 15 3.1.7 GRANITE POWDER 16 4. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 4.1 MIX DESIGN FOR M25 GRADE OF CONCRETE 18 5. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 5.1 GENERAL 24 5.2 WORKABILITY 25 5.2.1 SLUMP CONE TEST 25 5.2.2 COMPACTION FACTOR TEST 27 5.3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST 28 5.4 SPLIT TENSILE TEST 29 5.5 FLEXURAL TEST 30 6. TEST RESULTS 6.1 WORKABILITY 6.1.1 SLUMP CONE TEST 33 6.1.2 COMPACTION FACTOR TEST 34 6.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 34 6.3 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH 37 6.4 FLEXURAL STRENGTH 39 7. DISCUSSION 7.1 WORKABILITY 7.1.1 SLUMP CONE TEST 41 iii 7.1.2 COMPACTION FACTOR TEST 41 7.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 42 7.3 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH 43 7.4 FLEXURAL STRENGTH 44 8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 8.1 GENERAL 46 8.2 CONCLUSIONS 46 FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK 47 REFERENCES 48 iv LIST OF TABLES Table No Description Page No 1 Properties of Cement 13 2 Properties of Fine Aggregate 13 3 Properties of Coarse Aggregate 14 4 Properties of Ceramic Tile Aggregate 15 5 Properties of Granite Powder 16 6 Details of Mix Designations and replacement values 24 7 Slump Cone Test Results 33 8 Compaction Factor Test Results 34 9 Compression Test Results of M25 Grade 35 10 Split Tensile Test Results of M25 Grade 37 11 Flexural Test Results 39 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure No Description Page No 1 Ceramic Tile Aggregate sample 15 2 Slump Cone Test Procedure 26 3 Types of Slump/Slump Pattern 26 4 Compaction Factor Apparatus 28 5 Compression Testing of Cube Specimen 29 6 Compression Testing Machine 30 7 Split Tensile Testing of Cylinder Specimen 30 8 Flexural Testing of Beam 31 9 Comparison of compressive strength at 7days for M25 35 10 Comparison of compressive strength at 14days for M25 36 11 Comparison of compressive strength at 28days for M25 36 12 Comparison of Split Tensile strength at 7days for M25 37 13 Comparison of Split Tensile strength at 14days for M25 38 14 Comparison of Split Tensile strength at 28days for M25 38 15 Comparison of Workability for M25 grade by Slump 41 Cone Test 16 Comparison of Workability for M25 grade by 41 Compaction Factor Test 17 Comparison of Compressive Strength Gain of M25 42 concrete at 7, 14 and 28 days 18 Comparison of split tensile strength of M25 grade of 43 concrete 19 Comparison of Flexural strength of M3 mix and CC of 44 M25 grade. vi SYMBOLS C -Cement CC -Conventional Concrete CCA -Ceramic Coarse Aggregate CFA -Ceramic Fine Aggregate GP -Granite Powder CA - Coarse Aggregate FA - Fine Aggregate NCA – Natural Coarse Aggregate NFA – Natural Fine Aggregate M -Mix OPC – Ordinary Portland Cement Fck - Characteristic Compressive strength vii Chapter-1 …………………………………..INTRODUCTION 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 CONCRETE Concrete is a composite material consist of mainly water, aggregate, and cement. The physical properties desired for the finished material can be attained by adding additives and reinforcements to the concrete mixture. A solid mass that can be easily moulded into desired shape can be formed by mixing these ingredients in certain proportions. Over the time, a hard matrix formed by cement binds the rest of the ingredients together into a single hard (rigid) durable material with many uses such as buildings, pavements etc., The technology of using concrete was adopted earlier on large-scale by the ancient Romans, and the major part of concrete technology was highly used in the Roman Empire. The colosseum in Rome was built largely of concrete and the dome of the pantheon is the World’s largest unreinforced concrete structure.
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