January 13 – 21, 2018
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Table of Contents 4.0 Description of the Physical
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT............................................ 41 4.1 Geology ................................................................................................. 41 4.1.1 Methodology ........................................................................................ 41 4.1.2 Regional Geological Formations........................................................... 42 4.1.3 Local Geological Units ......................................................................... 47 4.1.3.1 Atlantic Coast .......................................................................... 47 4.1.3.2 Gatun Locks.............................................................................. 48 4.1.3.3 Gatun Lake ............................................................................... 49 4.1.3.4 Culebra Cut ......................................................................... ...410 4.1.3.5 Pacific Locks ...........................................................................411 4.1.3.6 Pacific Coast............................................................................412 4.1.4 Paleontological Resources ...................................................................413 4.1.5 Geotechnical Characterization .............................................................417 4.1.6 Tectonics.............................................................................................421 4.2 Geomorphology ..............................................................................................422 -
Tropical Transpacific Shore Fishesl
Tropical Transpacific Shore Fishesl D. Ross Robertson, 2 Jack S. Grove, 3 and John E. McCosker4 Abstract: Tropical transpacific fishes occur on both sides of the world's largest deep-water barrier to the migration of marine shore organisms, the 4,000- to 7,000-km-wide Eastern Pacific Barrier (EPB). They include 64 epipelagic oce anic species and 126 species ofshore fishes known from both the tropical eastern Pacific (TEP) and the central and West Pacific. The broad distributions of 19 of 39 circumglobal transpacific species ofshore fishes offer no clues to the origin of their TEP populations; TEP populations of another 19 with disjunct Pacific distributions may represent isthmian relicts that originated from New World populations separated by the closure of the Central American isthmus. Eighty species of transpacific shore fishes likely migrated eastward to the TEP, and 22 species of shore fishes (12 of them isthmian relicts) and one oceanic species likely migrated westward from the TEP. Transpacific species constitute ~12% of the TEP's tropical shore fishes and 15-20% of shore fishes at islands on the western edge of the EPB. Eastward migrants constitute ~ 7% of the TEP's shore-fish fauna, and a similar proportion of TEP endemics may be derived from recent eastward immigration. Representation of transpacific species in different elements of the TEP fauna relates strongly to adult pelagic dispersal ability-they constitute almost all the epipelagic oceanic species, ~25% of the inshore pelagic species, but only 10% of the demersal shore fishes. Taxa that have multiple pelagic life-history stages are best represented among the transpacific species. -
Embera Drua: the Impact of Tourism on Indigenous
EMBERA DRUA: THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON INDIGENOUS VILLAGE LIFE IN PANAMA AMY LETHBRIDGE A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Ph.D. in Leadership and Change Program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September, 2016 This is to certify that the Dissertation entitled: EMBERA DRUA: THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON INDIGENOUS VILLAGE LIFE IN PANAMA prepared by Amy Lethbridge is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Leadership and Change. Approved by: Laurien Alexandre, Ph.D., Chair date Jon Wergin, Ph.D., Committee Member date Aqeel Tirmizi, Ph.D., Committee Member date Cem Basman, Ph.D., Committee Member date Copyright 2016 Amy Virginia Lethbridge All rights reserved Acknowledgements As I come to the end of this particular phase of my life, this five years during which I struggled to transition from practitioner to scholar, I want to pause and say thank you to the many on whom I leaned and whose support carried me through. • First and always are “my guys,” my husband Bob and my son Spencer. They are the center and the light of my life and their encouragement, pride and support fuel my ability to live the life that I choose to live. To Bob especially, who meets every plane with a hug and a cold beverage, who listens long after I should have stopped talking, who read every draft of every paper. He makes me think, he makes me laugh and he never hesitates to say the magic words that this woman loves to hear, “you should go for it honey.” • To my chair, Dr. -
COUNTRY Panama
COIBA NATIONAL PARK & ITS SPECIAL ZONE OF MARINE PROTECTION PANAMA Coiba Island is one of the last relics of tropical moist forest in Pacific Central America, a site of great beauty and great marine and terrestrial diversity, preserving endemic and endangered species. The coral reefs exemplify successful reef growth under sheltered but very restricted conditions and serve as a refuge and source of species replenishment for other islands, including the Cocos and Galapagos, during and after El Niňo disturbances. COUNTRY Panama NAME Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITE 2005: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under Natural Criteria ix and x. STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE [pending] The UNESCO World Heritage Committee issued the following statement at the time of inscription: Justification for Inscription Criterion (ix): Despite the short time of isolation of the islands of the Gulf of Chiriquí on an evolutionary timeframe, new species are being formed, which is evident from the levels of endemism reported for many groups (mammals, birds, plants), making the property an outstanding natural laboratory for scientific research. Furthermore the Eastern Pacific reefs, such as those within the property, are characterized by complex biological interactions of their inhabitants and provide a key ecological link in the Tropical Eastern Pacific for the transit and survival of numerous pelagic fish as well as marine mammals. Criterion (x): The forests of Coiba Island possess a high variety of endemic birds, mammals and plants. Coiba Island also serves as the last refuge for a number of threatened species that have largely disappeared from the rest of Panama, such as the Crested Eagle and the Scarlet Macaw. -
The Best of Panama
04_048900 ch01.qxp 11/16/06 9:17 PM Page 1 1 The Best of Panama For such a thin squiggle of land, Panama offers travelers a surprisingly diverse selec- tion of landscapes, cultures, and experiences. In Panama City alone, modern skyscrap- ers contrast with 18th-century architecture, and a 10-minute cab ride from downtown puts you deep in rainforest teeming with wildlife. From the cool, fertile highlands in the Chiriquí region to the thick lowland jungle and white-sand beaches of Panama’s tropical islands, this tiny nation allows you to pack a lot of fun and adventure into a short period of time. Also, unlike Costa Rica, its more popular neighbor, Panama boasts a rich history and a melting pot of cultures, including seven indigenous groups, many of whom maintain their customs today. Best of all, the country is gloriously free of tourists—but get here soon because Panama is far too attractive to be kept a secret for long. The following is a list of the best that Panama has to offer, including hotels, natu- ral areas, adventures, restaurants, and more, but expect new places to appear soon as tourism explodes and more travelers discover this fascinating crossroads of the world. 1 The Best of Natural Panama • Metropolitan Park (Panama City): creating a hyper-diverse natural won- Panama City is the only metropolis derland. A series of nature trails here that boasts a tropical rainforest include the historic Camino de within its city limits. Travelers with Cruces, which links the two coasts, as ample time will want to visit national well as the famous Pipeline Road, a parks like Soberanía, but there’s no trail revered by bird-watchers for the denying the appeal of hopping in a more than 500 species of birds that cab and, within 10 minutes, exchang- live in the area. -
Darien National Park, Panama
Darien National Park, Panama Landscape from Darien National Park, Panama Darien National Park is a large natural park and preserve located in Eastern Panama's Darien province, extending along most of the Panama-Colombia border. The region included in Darien National Park functions as a natural bridge between North and South America, though the two are separated by Darien Gap. Across Darien Gap is the Colombian side of the park, which is considered one of the most dangerous places in the world because of drug trafficking and paramilitaries. Darien is the largest national park in Panama, covering 5,790 square kilometers (2,235 square miles). The park contains the Alto Darien Protection Forest, designated in 1972, covering about 700,000 hectares of the park. The park was made a national park in 1980, and became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983. Darien National Park is noted for its many ecosystems, with habitats ranging from rocky and sandy beaches, to mangroves, swamps, and tropical forests. Wildlife across the park includes the macaw, parrot, tapir, and harpy eagle. Animals from the endangered species Red List include the Spotted Paca, Guatemalan Black Howler, Night Monkey, Black-headed Spider Monkey, Central American Agouti, American Crocodile, and Capybara. The park is also one of the few protected areas in the world that is also inhabited by humans. Two indigenous tribes live within the park: Chocó and Kuna. There are also a number of archaeological sites found within the park. Facts about Darien National Park, Panama Darien National Park became a national park in 1980, and a UNESCO biosphere reserve in 1983. -
Panama and Costa Rica
PANAMA and COSTAINCLUDING THE PANAMA RICA CANAL aboard Callisto • January 7–17, 2017 ENJOY SOME OF THE LOVELIEST ISLANDS and national parks in Central America on a 7-day voyage aboard the newly refurbished Callisto to Panama and Costa Rica. Accompanied by an expert in industrial environmental management, sail along the Pacific coast of Panama and Costa Rica, marveling at rainforests teeming with exotic wildlife and bird species, sugary beaches fringed by sparkling azure water, and dense forests that cascade down impressive mountainsides to the shore. A special highlight is a round-trip transit of the Panama Canal between Panama City and Gatun Lake, much of it in daylight for optimal viewing of this key conduit for international maritime trade. Opportunities abound to seek out the numerous species of birds, mammals, and marine life that make these tropical environments their home. Swim and snorkel in one of the largest coral reefs on the Pacific Coast of the Americas. Hike through lush rainforests alive with the vivid sounds and colors of a richly diverse wildlife. Also meet Panama’s indigenous Embera people, present for countless generations and committed to maintaining many of their ancestral customs. HIGHLIGHTS An optional post-tour extension to Costa Rica’s Monteverde Transit the Panama Canal by daylight between Cloud Forest Reserve is also available. Panama City and Gatun Lake, with an opportunity to observe the recently constructed new flights of locks, built to increase the canal’s carrying capacity. Visit the Embera Indians, traditionally a riverine people for whom rivers and boats still play a central role in the activities of daily life as well as in their cosmology. -
The Fisheries in and Around Coiba National Park, Panama
THE FISHERIES IN AND AROUND COIBA NATIONAL PARK, PANAMA July 30 2018 THE FISHERIES IN AND AROUND COIBA NATIONAL PARK, PANAMA Valentina Ruiz-Leotaud Daniel Pauly A report of the Sea Around Us August 2018 THE FISHERIES IN AND AROUND COIBA NATIONAL PARK, PANAMA Valentina Ruiz-Leotaud 1 and Daniel Pauly1 CITE AS: Ruiz-Leotaud V, Pauly D (2018). The Fisheries In and Around Coiba National Park, Panama. A report of the Sea Around Us. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 44 p. 1 Sea Around Us, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T1Z4 Canada TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Operation of the Coiba Marine World Heritage Site 4 Fisheries around the Coiba Marine World Heritage Site 5 Toward an estimation of fisheries catches around Coiba 10 Desk study and field work 10 Estimating artisanal catches around and in Coiba National Park 12 The recreational fisheries of Coiba National Park 14 Illegal Fishing inside Coiba National Park 16 Discussion and Recommendations 18 Acknowledgements 22 References 23 Appendices I. Scientific and common names of organisms in this report 27 II. Marine World Heritage Sites 29 III. Field Questionnaire 34 IV. Catch per effort of small artisanal boats (panga) 36 V. Catch per trip of larger artisanal boats (pargueros) 41 VI. Summary: the marine fisheries of Panama’s Pacific coast 44 “Don’t forget about the port!” Cenobio Martinez, Administrator at the Maritime Authority of Panama in Puerto Remedios EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Terms of Reference for the present report were to estimate the fisheries catches in and around Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection, as required to assess the degree of protection that the Republic of Panama affords to this World Heritage Site, following expressions of concern by the World Heritage Committee at its meeting in Doha (2014) and Istanbul (2016). -
PANAMA Important Bird Areas of the Neotropics: Panama
NeoBird2-070713.qxp 7/13/2007 2:02 PM Page 12 >> FEATURE IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS OF PANAMA Important Bird Areas of the Neotropics: Panama Selenidera (Karl W. Kaufman) Male Yellow-eared Toucanet spectabilis Darién Montañez and George R. Angehr In the first of a series on the Important Bird Areas of the Neotropics, ornithologists from the Panama Audubon Society introduce us to the Important Bird Area concept, then explain how they were among the first in the Neotropics to use it to identify Panama’s most important sites for birds and bird conservation. 12 Neotropical Birding 2007 NeoBird2-070713.qxp 7/13/2007 2:02 PM Page 13 The Important Bird Area started in 1993. BirdLife initiated the Americas Programme in 1995. To date, 21 countries in the Programme: the concept Neotropical realm are implementing IBA irdLife International’s Important Bird Area programmes, on a national or regional level, (IBA) Programme aims to promote the long- and these have, to date, identified more than Bterm survival of the birds of the world by 2,000 sites. establishing a global network of sites which, taken together, will preserve the habitat needed. An IBA The Republic of Panama is defined as a priority site for the conservation of globally threatened, range restricted and/or The Republic of Panama is a small country congregatory birds. IBAs are chosen using situated on the southern end of the Central standardised, clearly-defined and scientifically- American Isthmus. Its surface area is 2 based criteria, and are intended to be practical approximately 76,000 km —about the size of the tools for developing conservation strategies. -
Coiba National Park and Its Special Zone of Marine Protection
World Heritage Scanned Nomination File Name: 1138rev.pdf UNESCO Region: LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 15th July 2005 STATE PARTY: PANAMA CRITERIA: N (iii)(iv) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Excerpt from the Decisions of the 29th Session of the World Heritage Committee Criterion (ii): Despite the short time of isolation of the islands of the Gulf of Chiriquí on an evolutionary timeframe, new species are being formed, which is evident from the levels of endemism reported for many groups (mammals, birds, plants), making the property an outstanding natural laboratory for scientific research. Furthermore the Eastern Pacific reefs, such as those within the property, are characterized by complex biological interactions of their inhabitants and provide a key ecological link in the Tropical Eastern Pacific for the transit and survival of numerous pelagic fish as well as marine mammals. Criterion (iv): The forests of Coiba Island possess a high variety of endemic birds, mammals and plants. Coiba Island also serves as the last refuge for a number of threatened species that have largely disappeared from the rest of Panama, such as the Crested Eagle and the Scarlet Macaw. Furthermore the marine ecosystems within the property are repositories of extraordinary biodiversity conditioned to the ability of the Gulf of Chiriquí to buffer against temperature extremes associated to El Niño/Southern Oscilation phenomenon. The property includes 760 species of marine fishes, 33 species of sharks and 20 species of cetaceans. The islands within the property are the only group of inshore islands in the tropical eastern Pacific that have significant populations of trans-Pacific fishes, namely, Indo-Pacific species that have established themselves in the eastern Pacific. -
An Ecosystem Report on the Panama Canal: Monitoring the Status of the Forest Communities and the Watershed
AN ECOSYSTEM REPORT ON THE PANAMA CANAL: MONITORING THE STATUS OF THE FOREST COMMUNITIES AND THE WATERSHED ROBERTO IBÁÑEZ1,2, RICHARD CONDIT1∗, GEORGE ANGEHR1, SALOMÓN AGUILAR1,2, TOMAS GARCÍA1,2, RAUL MARTÍNEZ1,2, AMELIA SANJUR2, ROBERT STALLARD3, S. JOSEPH WRIGHT1, A. STANLEY RAND1 and STANLEY HECKADON1 1 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.; 2 Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Proyecto Monitoreo Cuenca del Canal, Apartado, Postal 2016, Ancón, Panamá, República de Panamá; 3 United States Geological Survey-WRD, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. ∗ ( author for correspondence, e-mail: [email protected]) (Received 13 March 2001; accepted 16 January 2002) Abstract. In 1996, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Republic of Panama’s En- vironmental Authority, with support from the United States Agency for International Development, undertook a comprehensive program to monitor the ecosystem of the Panama Canal watershed. The goals were to establish baseline indicators for the integrity of forest communities and rivers. Based on satellite image classification and ground surveys, the 2790 km2 watershed had 1570 km2 of forest in 1997, 1080 km2 of which was in national parks and nature monuments. Most of the 490 km2 of forest not currently in protected areas lies along the west bank of the Canal, and its management status after the year 2000 turnover of the Canal from the U.S. to Panama remains uncertain. In forest plots designed to monitor forest diversity and change, a total of 963 woody plant species were identified and mapped. We estimate there are a total of 850–1000 woody species in forests of the Canal corridor. -
Assessing Ecological Infrastructure Investments
Assessing ecological infrastructure investments Wiktor Adamowicza, Laura Calderon-Etterb, Alicia Entemb,c, Eli P. Fenichelb,1, Jefferson S. Halld, Patrick Lloyd-Smithe,f, Fred L. Ogdenc,g,h, Jason A. Reginag, Mani Rouhi Radb, and Robert F. Stallardc,i aDepartment of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H1; bSchool of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06460; cSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 084-03092 Apartado, Panama; dForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 084-03092 Apartado, Panama; eDepartment of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8; fGlobal Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8; gDepartment of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071; hHaub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071; and iUS Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, Boulder, CO 80303 Edited by Stephen Polasky, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, and approved December 3, 2018 (received for review February 28, 2018) Conventional markets can underprovide ecosystem services. De- (2). Irrespective of which type of contract is used, passing a liberate creation of a market for ecosystem services [e.g., a benefit–cost test is a precursor for successful contracting pro- payments for ecosystem services (PES) scheme] can close the grams (11). Ex ante benefit–cost assessment of a PES program gap. The new ecosystem service market alters behaviors and needs to be conducted within the context of the likely market, at quantities of ecosystem service provided and reveals prices for the appropriate and feasible ecological and social scales, and con- ecosystems service: a market-clearing equilibrium.