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TOWNS and CITIES of the CROATIAN MIDDLE AGES Authority and Property

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TOWNS and CITIES of the CROATIAN MIDDLE AGES Authority and Property TOWNS AND CITIES OF THE CROATIAN MIDDLE AGES Authority and Property Edited by Irena Benyovsky Latin and Zrinka Pešorda Vardić Hrvatski institut za povijest / Croatian Institute of History Zagreb, 2014 Series Hrvatska povjesnica – Special Editions – Conference Proceedings Publisher Hrvatski institut za povijest / Croatian Institute of History 10000 Zagreb, Opatička 10 Croatia http://www.isp.hr For the Publisher Jasna Turkalj Editors Irena Benyovsky Latin Zrinka Pešorda Vardić Peer reviewers Stanko Andrić Damir Karbić Translation Marina Miladinov Graphic design of the cover page Sandra Begonja Printed by Intergrafika TTŽ d.o.o., Bistranska 19, Zagreb Print run 300 copies A CIP code for this book 894712 is available from the National and University Library in Zagreb. ISBN 978-953-7840-30-3 (hardback) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Illustration: Detail from a perspective view of Dubrovnik before the earthquake of 1667 (19th c. copy). Reproduced by courtesy of the Franciscan Monastery in Dubrovnik and Dubrovnik State Archive. Co-financed by the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports. TOWNS AND CITIES OF THE CROATIAN MIDDLE AGES Authority and Property Edited by Irena Benyovsky Latin and Zrinka Pešorda Vardić Hrvatski institut za povijest / Croatian Institute of History Zagreb, 2014 About the volume There is hardly a topic that has been more inspirational for the medievalists than urban communities. In order to understand the life of cities and towns in the Middle Ages, it is important to define authority and property as related to urban space, and see the interplay between these two notions. These issues are not new in the European historiographies, especially in the recent years, when scholars have been investigating the legal aspects of ownership and the operation of urban real-estate market. Yet there are very few comparative studies on the European cities, and those that exist do not include the Croatian ones. Moreover, not too much research has been done on the relationship between property and the different levels of authority. This book is a result of an international conference that focused on this issue, based on the example of Croatian medieval towns and cities. The conference titled “The Town and the City of the Croatian Middle Ages: Authority and Property” took place in Zagreb (Croatia) in November 2010 at the Croatian Institute of History.1 Our intention was to stimulate discussion on some of the fundamental questions of urban history: What did it mean to own a town or a segment of urban space in the Middle Ages? What was the role of the owner, or the holder of an urban estate, in the development of a town? What did changes in ownership entail? Which sources should we use and which methods should we apply to investigate the relationship between authority and property? What was the legal nature of property over urban land? This volume focuses on urban estates, as they were the key elements in urban structure. They reflect urban politics and institutional organization, individual interests and their economic and social status, church regulations, and a wider political framework. Croatian medieval towns are barely represented in the international surveys of medieval and early modern urban culture. The aim of this volume was also to address 1 Besides authors who have published their papers in this volume, there were other prominent scholars participating at the Zagreb conference: Peter Johanek (Institute for Comparative Urban History, Münster), Sarah Rees Jones (Department of History, University of York), Danko Zelić (Institute of Art History, Zagreb), Damir Karbić (Institute of History at the Croatian Academy of Arts and Sciences, Zagreb), Mladen Ančić (Department of History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Zadar), Darko Darovec (University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre Koper), Marija Mogorović Crljenko (History Department at the Faculty of Humanities, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula), Katalin Szende (Central European University, Budapest), Neven Budak (Department of History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Zagreb), Goran Budeč (Institute of History at the Croatian Academy of Arts and Sciences, Zagreb) and Darko Vitek (Department of History, Studia Croatica, Zagreb). All these excellent and inspirational papers resulted in fruitful discussions and brought new insights. this specific imbalance and to emphasise the entangled nature of local, regional, and international urban histories. For all these reasons, it seemed important to bring together prominent scholars who study the history of medieval (in the first place Croatian, but not only) urban development. About the editors Irena Benyovsky Latin is a scholarly advisor at the Department of Medieval History, Croatian Institute of History, and Head of the Institute’s research programme “Urban History of Croatia.” Her main field of research is medieval urban history in the Eastern Adriatic. Zrinka Pešorda Vardić is a senior research associate at the Department of Medieval History, Croatian Institute of history. Her research focuses on the issues of social and urban history in medieval Dubrovnik, especially the history of Ragusan elite classes. 7 Towns and Cities of the Croatian Middle Ages Authority and Property Notes on Contributors Tonija Andrić is a research associate at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, where she teaches various courses in Medieval History. Her main research interest is the social and economic history of the Croatian Middle Ages. Irena Benyovsky Latin is a scholarly advisor at the Department of Medieval History, Croatian Institute of history. Her research focuses on medieval urban history in the Eastern Adriatic (especially Trogir and Dubrovnik), urban social topography, and the development of medieval urban institutions. Ante Birin is a senior research associate at the Department of Medieval History, Croatian Institute of History in Zagreb. His main research interests are the history of Croatian nobility and the urban history of medieval Dalmatian communes. Károly Goda is a lecturer of the comparative regional and urban history of medieval and early modern Western and Central Europe at the Westphalian Wilhelms-Uni- versity (Münster, Germany). He is currently a postdoctoral research fellow at the Palacký University (Olomouc, Czech Republic). Besides urban and regional re- search, his academic agenda includes cultural and social history, as well as archival and heritage studies. His postdoctoral research focuses on the comparative social and cultural aspects of Eucharistic processions in Eastern and Central Europe. Marija Karbić is a senior research associate at the Department of History of Slavo- nia, Syrmia and Baranya, Croatian Institute of History. Her research interests include the history of nobility, urban history, and family and gender history, especially con- cerning the area between the Sava, Drava, and Danube rivers in the Middle Ages. Hrvoje Kekez is an Assistant Professor at the Department of History, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, where he teaches various courses in Croatian medi- 8 eval history. His main research interests include medieval Croatian and Slavonian nobility, medieval topography, medieval urban planning, heraldry, and archival studies. Miha Kosi is a research associate at the Milko Kos Historical Institute of the Slove- nian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Ljubljana. His research focuses on the Middle Ages, especially the issues of urban history, history of transportation and communi- cations, the Crusades and the military orders, and historical geography. Maurizio Levak is an Associate Professor at the Department of Humanities, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula. His main research interest is the northern Adriatic region in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, with a thematic focus on settlement devel- opment, migrations, transformation of the society, ethnicity, and the relationship between the elites and the commoners. Nella Lonza is a scholarly advisor at the Institute of Historical Studies of the Cro- atian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Dubrovnik. Her main interests include the legal system and institutions in Dubrovnik and medieval Dalmatian towns, ius com- mune, public rituals, and the history of criminality and criminal procedures. Ivan Majnarić is an Assistant Professor at the Department of History, Catholic Uni- versity of Croatia, where he teaches various courses in Croatian medieval history. His main interests include social history, especially of late medieval nobility, family history, church history, and the history of papal diplomacy (legates). Darja Mihelič is a scholarly advisor at the Milko Kos Historical Institute and the Scholarly Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Ljublja- na, as well as the History Department at the Faculty of Humanities Koper, University of Primorska. Her research includes publishing and analyzing historical sources in Latin, Italian, and German, as well as issues of topography and colonization, eco- nomic and social history of the Slovenes, urban history, everyday life, and historiog- raphy of the Slovenian lands (15th-18th centuries). Dušan Mlacović is an Assistant Professor at the Department of History, Faculty
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