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Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project STEPHEN T. JOHNSON Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: January 10, 1997 Copyright 2002 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Tokyo of Foreign Service parents; raised a road and in Washington, DC University of Virginia; Occidental College U.S. Army Entered Foreign Service - 19,1 State Department - Information Specialist - Office of Western 19,1 European Affairs State Department - Board of E.aminers 19,1 State Department - Operations Center 19,2-19,0 Cu an 1issile Crisis 1ontreal, Canada - Consular Officer 19,0-19,2 3ue ec province separation Consulate bom ing Politics Paris, France - USRO 5NATO7 19,2-19,8 De 9aulle e.pels NATO Delegation assessment Saigon, Vietnam - Political Officer 19,8-1980 FBIS Tet Offensive Em assy attacked Environment CIA Interrogations North Vietnamese 9iap Reporting 1 War;s progress State Department - Vietnam Working 9roup 1980-1980 Le Duc Tho North Vietnam policies Bom ings of North Vietnam Peace Accords =Pentagon Papers“ Saigon, Vietnam - International Control Commission 1980 1ilitary pullout Nha Trang, Vietnam - Political Officer 1980 =1issing in action“ cases FSI - Lao Language Training 1980-1984 Vientiane, Laos - Political Officer 1984-198, CIA USAID Political parties =Revolution“ Em assy invaded Communists Pathet Lao U.S. =detainees“ Economy Environment Royal family Foreign em assies State Department - Economic Bureau - Food Policy 198,-1988 PL 480 Human rights Commodities CCC program FSI - Romanian Language Training 1988 Bucharest, Romania - Political Officer 1989-1982 FSOAWife assigned as economic officer Nicolae Ceausescu Ni.on visit Reporting U.S. interests 9overnment 2 Economy Am assador Thunder urke BeCs Secret police Environment State Department - Office of Scientific and Environmental Affairs 1982-1984 Science AttachD Program State Department - Vietnamese Desk Officer 1984-198, 1IA issue Rumors and charlatans Vietnamese China Soviets Cam odia 9eorgetoCn University - Rusk FelloC 198,-1988 Nairo i, Eenya - Spouse of FSO Cife Budy 1988-1989 State Department - INR - IndochinaACam odia 1989-1990 Political parties Ehmer Rouge Political settlement UN control Elections Vietnam POW-1IA issue INTERVIEW FNote: This intervieC has not been edited by 1r. BohnsonH Q: Steve, I will start this off by asking, can you tell me when and where you were born and something about your parents( BOHNSON: I Cas born on Decem er 18, 190, in Tokyo, Bapan. 1y father Cas a Foreign Service officer. The reason it Cas Bapan Cas that his first assignment Cas in, I guess, 1902, for tCo years of language study in Tokyo. Q: )e will probably go through a bit of your father's Foreign Service career as it effects you. -our mother was obviously in Japan, too. )hat was her background( 3 BOHNSON: 1y mother Cas a ITillman.I 1y middle name Cas Tillman. She Cas raised mainly in the Washington area. Her mother died Chen she Cas very young, so she kind of kicked around among relatives. She and my father met because they Cere living in the same boarding house here in Washington. 1y father graduated from college, and he came to Washington to study at 9eorgetoCn School of Foreign Service. He also Corked doing typing and also at an auto repair esta lishment here in the District in order to make money to live. It Cas of course the time of the Depression. Q: .h, yes. BOHNSON: They got married in 1902. So it Cas a relatively ChirlCind romance since Dad had graduated from college in 1901. 1y elder sister, Budith, Cas born here in Washington in Banuary of 1904. Q: Could you talk about where you lived during some of your father's assignment processes as you were growing up( BOHNSON: 1y first move Cas on my first birthday. 1y Dad Cas assigned to the Vice Counsel in Chat Cas then called Bapan. It is noC called Seoul, Eorea. In those days it Cas a tCo-man post. So Ce lived in Eorea. 1y brother, William, Cas born there in 1908. Of course, my personal memories of this are non-e.istent. Q: I reali/e this. BOHNSON: Sometime along in there, the Bapanese in 1908 Cere invading China. Dad Cas sent TDY in Tientsin and Cas aCay a long Chile ecause they needed someone in Tientsin Cho spoke Bapanese. This happened to coincide Cith a great flood in Tientsin so he had kind of a hard time of it. But the ne.t assignment Cas to Chat Cas then 1ukden in 1anchukuo FnoC 1anchuriaH. We, of course, didnKt recogniLe 1anchukuo, so the family - then three children and my parents - moved up to 1ukden. NoC it is Chien-ying, I elieve. I think again a tCo or three-man post. The big e.citement for my father Cas the semi-Car that Cas going on betCeen the Bapanese and the Soviets. Q: .h, yes. BOHNSON: I think FduringH one of his assignments, they Cere trying to get some feel for Chat Cas going on in casualties. Very difficult to do according to his account. Some of it consisted of standing at railroad stations at 0:00 in the morning Chen it Cas very cold. Then in Decem er of 1940, the family Cas evacuated. The Department of State had decided, I guess, that Car Cas coming and Ce came back to the States to California, Chere my parental grandparent lived. Dad stayed in 1ukden. Q: )here did you go to school in California( 4 BOHNSON: I started school in California. At that time Ce rented a place in Laguna Beach. I Cent to kindergarten in Laguna Beach, California. Q: It was very artsy0crafty in those days. BOHNSON: It Cas. I have a nice portrait that Cas painted of my mother at that time. We lived right on the beach in a place Chich I think Could cost thousands and thousands of dollars today. We Cere there and my cousins Cere there as Cell. 1y uncle, 9erald Warner, Cas also a Foreign Service officer. He had married my fatherKs sister, Retta, and she and her children Cere similarly evacuated and lived in the area. Both our fathers came back in the middle of 1942. They Cere put on the along Cith other diplomats from the Far East and arrived back in the States. Dad Cas assigned to Rio de Baneiro, BraLil. He said this Cas because the Far East Bureau Cas basically trying to hide some of its officers from the European Bureau. It didnKt have assignments for all of them. So he Cas sent doCn to Rio, ostensi ly to keep an eye on the Bapanese minority doCn there Chich apparently behaved circumspectly during the Chole Car. In fact, he Cas assigned to the economic section of the em assy and enjoyed it very much. But he lamented it at the time FasH kind of a bad assignment. His peers Cho Cent off to China, and other e.citing places, a lot of them had their careers very badly harmed because of 1cCarthyism and the loss of China Chile he Cas Muietly Caging economic Carfare in Rio. Q: I think this is one of the things that as I do these interviews, how for the most part the Foreign Service up through almost the end of the war was relegated to economic warfare in Latin America which was really a pretty minor field of action. But I mean, were sort of shunted to one side. How long were you in Laguna( BOHNSON: Well, it is kind of hard to figure. I guess Ce must have been there a out a year and a half. Q: And then on to where( BOHNSON: And then on to Rio. We Cent doCn to Rio, and I Cent to school in Rio. There Cas an American school near our house. 1y younger sister, Bennifer, Cas born in Rio in 1940. I guess it Cas 1944 then, so it Cas a relatively short assignment. We came ack to the States because Dad Cent to the military government school at Chicago, Chich had been set up Cith the idea of esta lishing a military government in Bapan. I guess in a similar Cay that Ce eventually did in 9ermany. He Cas both kind of a student and an instructor as I understand it. We then Cent to live Cith my paternal grandmother in 9lendale, California, and I Cent to school there. Colum us School still e.ists, I believe. Dad, after a short time in Chicago, Cent out to the Far East Chere he Cas a Foreign Service officer, as I understand it, kind of on the staff of 9eneral 1acArthur. One of the first things he did Cas to go to 1anila Chen they li erated that. He had the jo of sorting out the civilians, citiLens and non- 5 citiLens, that Cere released from camps and things and helping the citiLens and doing other consular things. He Cas a consul. Then Chen the Car ended, he Cas sent to Yokohama and reesta lished the consulate that e.isted there before the Car. He Cas at the time an FSO-, or something, or I8.I He arrived there just at the surrender Cith lots of e.citement you knoC, of that particular time. After he arrived, he Cas sent around the country in an airplane, o viously an air force airplane, to try to sort out prisoners Cho Cere released from various camps in Bapan - both military and civilian prisoners. He said that he got to Hiroshima in time to greet the 1arines Chen they landed there, and he had a very great adventurous time. Then Cas sent over to Eorea for a little Chile because Eorea Cas a real afterthought at the end of the Car.
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