Vedder River Management Area Plan Update
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VEDDER RIVER MANAGEMENT AREA PLAN UPDATE PRESENTED TO CITY OF CHILLIWACK DECEMBER 11, 2015 ISSUED FOR USE FILE: 704-WTR.WTRM-OH Tetra Tech EBA Inc. Suite 1000 – 10th Floor, 885 Dunsmuir Street Vancouver, BC V6C 1N5 CANADA Tel 604.685.0275 Fax 604.684.6241 This page intentionally left blank. Vedder River Management Area Plan Update VEDDER RIVER MANAGEMENT AREA PLAN UPDATE FILE: 704-WTR.WTRM-OH | DECEMBER 11, 2015 | ISSUED FOR USE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Aggradation in the Vedder River and the Vedder Canal can increase the risk of flooding. The Vedder River Management Area Committee (VRMAC) has planned and managed gravel removals for flood control purposes annually from 1990 to 1997 and biennially from 1998 to the present. Gravel removals were also undertaken prior to 1990 by various entities, but those removals were not coordinated by VRMAC. The purpose of the gravel removal program is to maintain the flow capacity of the Vedder River and Canal over the long-term so that the level of flood protection provided by the dyke system is not diminished. Recently, the main focus has been to reduce the water level in the freeboard limited reach, which is in the Lower Reach of the Vedder River. Historical flood profile studies have found that gravel removal from the Vedder Canal and the Vedder River Lower Reach (downstream of the rail bridge) could effectively reduce the water level in the critical area. For comparison purposes, an effectiveness coefficient has been developed and determined for each historical removal site. Instead of using water level reduction as the only criterion, this coefficient takes the reach length influenced and the excavation volume into consideration. Higher coefficients were calculated for the Vedder Canal sites, and lower values were calculated for the Vedder River sites, based on data reported in previous studies (Bland, 2002- 2008). The analysis concluded that gravel removal is more effective in the Vedder Canal than in the Vedder River Lower Reach. In the Middle and Upper Reaches of Vedder River, where excavations have been designed as gravel traps, refill ratios were used to identify the effectiveness. A long term (2000-2012) refill ratio was determined for each gravel removal site by averaging the biennial refill ratios. Higher refill ratios were found in the Vedder River Middle Reach from Railway Bar to Peach Creek Bar. In contrast, gravel excavations in the Middle to Upper Reaches from Brown Bar to Garrison Bar have not been as successful in trapping gravel. The historical gravel budget was also reviewed to guide future gravel management. The gravel budget for 1981 to 2010 indicates a positive budget in the Vedder Canal and Vedder River Lower Reach, i.e. the amount of gravel deposition exceeds the amount of excavation. Negative gravel budgets were calculated for the Vedder River Middle and Upper Reaches, indicating that more gravel was excavated than deposited. Based on the three factors discussed above, it is recommended that, in the short term, gravel removal be focused on the Vedder Canal and the Vedder River Lower Reach. The gravel bars in the Vedder River Middle Reach (from Railway Bar to Peach Creek Bar) can be excavated as a trapping zone to reduce sediment load to the critical area, if necessary. No action is recommended on the bars in the Vedder River Middle and Upper Reaches (from Brown Bar to Garrison Bar) in the near future as they have been proven less effective as gravel traps. The biennial hydraulic modelling will indicate if removals are needed to address dyke freeboard shortfalls in the future. Gravel removal for other purposes, e.g., erosion control and habitat enhancement, can be conducted on an as-needed basis. During a field assessment on January 26 and 27, 2012, 30 erosion sites were identified along the right and left banks of the Vedder River and Vedder Canal. Based on a range of criteria, including severity of local erosion, location of thalweg in relation to the sites, and proximity to infrastructure (primarily the Vedder Rotary Trail), these erosion sites were classified as low, moderate or high priority. On the right bank, eleven sites were classified as low, four sites as low to moderate, three sites as moderate, and two sites as moderate to high priority, while on the left bank, 10 sites were classified as low priority. No sites were classified as high priority. The majority of sites were identified as bank erosion, but there were some large debris jams accumulated on bars and random large woody debris scattered at creek outlets that could potentially influence erosional patterns along the banks. Low to moderate erosion sites were identified on the right bank in the Upper Reach of Vedder River between Vedder Crossing and Peach Road and in the upper section of the Middle Reach between Lickman Road and Hopedale Stockpile. Moderate erosion was encountered on the right bank in the lower section of the Middle Reach and in the upper section of the Lower Reach upstream and downstream of the SRBC railway trestle. Moderate to high erosion was identified along the right bank between Hopedale Stockpile and the SRBC railway trestle in the lower section of the Middle Reach. i Vedder River Management Area Plan Update VEDDER RIVER MANAGEMENT AREA PLAN UPDATE FILE: 704-WTR.WTRM-OH | DECEMBER 11, 2015 | ISSUED FOR USE Four options are recommended for managing bank erosion on the Vedder River and Canal. These options are monitoring the rate of erosion, removing gravel bar material to redirect the flow, installing riprap revetments or deflection structures (e.g. groynes) to protect the bank, and relocating infrastructure away from the eroding site. As two recent examples show, it can sometimes be beneficial to combine two of these options to achieve the desired results. The habitat section details the results of a review, by Nova Pacific Environmental (NPE), of the gravel removal program and environmental aspects of flood control projects on Vedder River from 1994 to 2011. This section provides an overview of methods used to evaluate the excavations, a summary of the gravel removal quantities, a comparison of the outcomes from the excavations against the criteria and guidelines used to design individual excavations, and an analysis of the assessment methods employed. Additional components of the study include a review of habitat values in the mainstem and off-channel habitats of the Vedder River, erosion control impacts on habitat, and wildlife concerns. A total of 76 excavations, completed since 1994 with a total volume removal volume of 1,310,929 m³, were reviewed. Although the precise location varies, 20 general excavation locations have been used for sediment removal projects. Most bars have been excavated two or three times. Yarrow Bar was excavated nine times, providing 17% of gravel removed from the Vedder River and 50% of gravel removed from the Lower Reach. Excavations were designed following a set of constraint guidelines and planning procedures that were established based on the observed habitat impacts of deep pit excavations from 1994 to 1998 and were intended to minimize detrimental changes to habitat as a consequence of the excavations. This method of sediment removal has mostly yielded positive or neutral habitat ratings and summary scores. To better reflect the intent of each guideline, they were regrouped as “Program Guidelines”, “Pit Location Guidelines” and “Pit Design Guidelines”. A series of minor modifications to the guidelines for the program as well as an adaptive management approach and more detailed guidelines to better manage the more aggressive sediment removal projects were recommended. A polygon mapping method, established by NPE in 1997, provides a meso-scale approach to evaluating habitat condition and value to fish. This method yields a qualified result that is a pragmatic and relatively complete overview description of the habitat changes in the area of influence. Validation of some of the assumptions of the assessment methods would increase the reliability of the Vedder River Habitat Assessment Protocol and further develop the model for wider application. One key area recommended for further investigation is the distribution of juvenile salmonid abundance. Habitat values in the off-channel areas were found to be significant and additional oversight by the VRMAC is recommended. The recreation section discusses issues and conflicts regarding facilities and trails, maintenance and erosion, public safety, signage, and mapping issues. As a base case, necessary recreational changes include completion of the trail system in the Upper Reach of the Vedder River along the left bank. This will result in a continuous trail system along both the right and left banks that is looped at the Vedder Crossing Bridge and the Keith Wilson Bridge. Although the trail usage is much lower on the left bank than the right bank, the lack of continuity introduces a potential safety concern, particularly in the summer when there is a high traffic volume driving to and from Cultus Lake. ii Vedder River Management Area Plan Update VEDDER RIVER MANAGEMENT AREA PLAN UPDATE FILE: 704-WTR.WTRM-OH | DECEMBER 11, 2015 | ISSUED FOR USE Desirable recreational enhancement features include providing a permanent toilet/washroom facility in the Upper Reach on the right bank. This is the most heavily used area and the existing portable toilet is not a satisfactory long term solution. A three hectare site on part of the former CFB Chilliwack lands has been set aside for park development. Vedder Park would be a very suitable location as it has both vehicular access and excellent pedestrian access from the trailhead next to the Vedder Crossing Bridge. In addition, “branding” is needed to coordinate and upgrade signage. Signage needs are varied and include directional, interpretive and identification purposes, prohibitions, distance markers, mapping and sponsors/stakeholders.