Golubović and Mrđić - Rebirth of the Past...(155-167) Archaeology and Science 13 (2017)

Snežana Golubović, 904:725.182]:004.92”652”(497.11) Institute of Archaeology 930.85(497.11:100) , COBISS.SR-ID 264134156 [email protected] Original research article

Nemanja Mrđić, Received: April 06th 2018 Institute of Archaeology Accepted: April 30th 2018 Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

REBIRTH OF THE PAST – RECREATING IN 3D AND PRESENTING ROMAN CULTURAL HERITAGE

ABSTRACT

Recreating invisible or highly damaged archaeological remains in 3D technologies has become one of the best ways to bring the past to regular visitors. The Project ARCHEST was designed to improve the presentation of the site and to, consequently, attract new visitors. The main objectives were support- ing the archaeology-related creative sectors to operate transnationally and to increase the knowledge of common Roman history through the most important archaeological sites. Additionally, there was an objective to increase the audience with an integrated approach and modern technology, transforming a non-audience into a new audience and changing the opinion that archaeology is something boring or too elitist. The results of the project have a huge appeal to ordinary audiences and support a better understanding and acceptance of Roman civilization through clear images which, at the same time, do not contradict the scientific concept but, rather, aim to support it.

KEYWORDS: 3D RECONSTRUCTION, VIRTUAL REALITY, VIMINACIUM, ARCHEST.

Introduction museums are not scientists and are not able to un- derstand remains in the same way as profession- A visualisation of the past is one of the most als. Rubble or rubbish for one is a valuable source 1 important results of archaeology . To make some- of information for others and bridging the divide thing invisible visible could be viewed as one of between science and tourism, or archaeologists the most important scientific “commandments”. and visitors, emerges as a serious problem. The Archaeologist study and explore ancient remains imagination of visitors is often influenced by Hol- thoroughly and systematically to understand and lywood or their own fairytale dreams that are not interpret sites and events that disappeared mil- based on long term studies typical of professional. lennia ago. However, people who visit sites and This project was aimed at improving the pre- sentation of the site and to attract new visitors us- 1 The article is the result of the projects: Viminacium, Ro- man city and military camp – research of material and ing modern technologies that are still being devel- non- material culture of inhabitants by using the modern oped in the presentation of the cultural heritage. technologies of remote detection, geophysics, GIS, digita- lization and 3D visualization (no 47018), funded by The Therefore, in order to recreate a city destroyed Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Devel- 16 centuries ago we must use both. A profes- opment of the Republic of Serbia. Project ARCHEST was sional approach with decades of excavations and co-financed by the European Union through the Creative (2014-2020) Culture Sub-Programme Support for research combined with elements of scientific European Projects.

155 Archaeology and Science 13 (2017) Golubović and Mrđić - Rebirth of the Past...(155-167) imagination should lead to a result that is more of the long term surveys of the city and fortress understandable for visitors. and, unfortunately only partial, excavations. Since the remains of Viminacium are not visible on the surface any more this was important for the devel- Methods and Results opment of tourism and the future Archaeological Park. The visualisation of the archaeological re- Viminacium was among the first projects to in- mains and their presentation to the public became volve Geophysical Surveys in their research pro- the spearhead project that finally resulted in the cess. Since 2002, systematic surveys of the legion- quicker development of the site. ary fortress, city and suburban zones have been The dimensions of the scale model are 3.5 x systematically surveyed using multiple methods to 7.5 m and, with the use of light materials (card get as clear an image as is possible of all areas. GPR board and plywood), its creation enabled us to (Ground Penetrating Radar), proton magnetome- make it the focal point of a small mobile exhibi- ter, electro resistivity are the most commonly used tion that is part of a both permanent and more than methods of survey of Viminacium’s territory. Arial twenty temporary exhibitions that were presented and satellite imagery were introduced at the same in Europe and North and South America. time, together with the development of the GIS and During excavations, all buildings are docu- archaeological databases. The total area covered by mented via high quality 3D modelling. These are the multidisciplinary surveys exceeds 600 hectares, achieved using 3D laser scanning, photogramme- of which 150 hectares were thoroughly scanned in try and aerial drone imaging. All these methods high detail by different survey methods. were combined where it was possible to do so. This was the solid foundation for the creation of the large scale model that combined the results

Fig. 1 Viminacium castrum reconstructed in 3D

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Fig. 2 Viminacium castrum reconstructed in 3D, principia.

During creation of the 3D model2, special at- nology that allows designers to recreate, in a very tention was paid to accuracy and details in order to realistic way, the light shown in photos taken at ensure a high level of realism. The technique used the related site. The technology is the same as that is the so-called “polygonal modelling”, a technol- used in movie productions. The software used was ogy that allows you to get closer to the true model Autodesk 3D Studio MAX. Thanks to this solu- and avoid the effects produced by the rendering tion, it was possible to give not only realism but where the edges do not “live” and where realism also emotional content to the audience. This was is guaranteed by the textures used with the lim- achieved with the use of different weather condi- its provided by their two-dimensional nature. All tions and with adaptations of the presented archi- materials were created from measurements of the tectural type (sunset, sunrise, night, storm, etc.). visible architectural remains available or 3D laser A hi-poly 3D model of all the elements was scans in order to achieve maximum realism. Other reconstructed and, naturally, this formed the back- sources were also used: any existing 3D models, bone of the project. The model had the same pro- floor plans, elevations related to the excavation cessing level used for the final production of the areas, indications from scientific referees, graphic static images, of the animation and the future 3D reconstructions related to other similar buildings. virtual environment. Analogies of known structures are widely used On the basis of the model, static renderings of during scientific research and model creation. virtual reconstructions were exported. The render- The technique of lighting adopted is im- ing, generated on the basis of a mathematical mod- age-based lighting (HDRI), an innovative tech- el of the 3D scene, was delivered as raster images in high resolution both in JPG and TIFF formats 2 3D model je izradila kinematografska i televizijska pro- (Figures 1-9). dukcija DEDALUS ER, Beograd. Zoran Marković PR

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Fig. 3 Viminacium castrum reconstructed in 3D, military baths ()

On the basis of model that was produced, a 3D for exploration, which will allow free virtual nav- animation walk through video was created. The igation in both external and internal digitally cre- video represents a short virtual tour of the recon- ated environments. structed environment through one or more 3D The level of detail of the digital models for 3D camera(s). This video is in FULL HD resolution navigation will be well balanced in order to en- and is available on the project web sites3. sure an optimal level of visual rendering as well All 3D materials can be uploaded from the as a smooth flowing interaction. website to a tablet. The first version helps to fa- miliarise the user with the remains that can be vis- ited in the Archaeological Park, while the second Project ARCHEST – The road version that is uploaded to a tablet can be used to visualising the past in 3D during guided tours and educational workshops. The ARCHEST Project - the education of visitors to archaeological sites along the Roman Future vision of road Aquileia-Emona--Viminacium - is presentation and use of the a continuation of the T-PAS project, co-financed digital model by the CULTURE PROGRAM 2007-2013, which brought together institutions from , Slove- There is a plan to create a real-time 3D opti- nia and Serbia. Besides the Aquileia Foundation mised version together with Real Time software (Fondazione Aquileia), the leading partner, muse-

3 Viminacium castrum 3D video available at https://vim- um and galleries of the City of Ljubljana, the In- eo.com/user73152746 stitute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments, Viminacium amphitheatre 3D video available at https:// and the Institute of Archaeolo- vimeo.com/239510667

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Fig. 4 Viminacium castrum reconstructed in 3D, porta praetoria, front view. gy in Belgrade were included in the project. acter in Romania, Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey. The ARCHEST project was co-financed by Even the title of the project, ARCHEST, with the European Union through the Creative Europe the meaning Archaeology Est, as a mixture of a (2014-2020) Culture Sub-Programme Support for contemporary English word and the Latin word European Projects. As with the previous project, that means “it is”, expresses the tendency to em- this one was also coordinated by the Fondazione phasise the application of modern technologies in Aquileia. It was expected to last 24 months, start- the reconstruction of the past. ing on 1st September 2015 and concluding on 31st Included in the project T-PAS were three an- August 2017. However, since it actually started in cient cities: Aquileia, Emona and Viminacium,4 January, the project was prolonged until 31st De- and in ARCHEST a fourth city joined them - cember 2017. Sirmium, today’s Sremska Mitrovica. The join- The new project relied on the results of the ear- ing was inevitable considering Sirmium was the lier one with which were realised: research on the administrative centre of the province of Panno- Roman route connecting sites that are taking part nia Inferior, later Pannonia Secunda and, during in the project, a socio-economic analysis, tourist the period of the Tetrarchy, one of four tetrarchic promotion of the route in schools, didactic labo- capitals. Ancient writers describe it as one of the ratories for primary schools, a photo contest for six most beautiful and richest cities in Illyricum. younger pupils and three conferences at each site Founded in the territory of the Sirmian and Aman- organised together with a touring exhibition on tin tribes, it very quickly acquired the status of a the route. This inheritance provided the impetus 4 The development and the importance of these cities for identifying activities to be implemented in the were described in N. Mrđić, S. Golubović, T-PAS – Proj- new project with the vision to extend the coopera- ect on tourist promotion of the archaeological sites along the route Aquileia, Emona, Viminacium. Arheologija i tion in the future with other sites of the same char- prirodne nauke 8 (2012), Beograd 2013, 101-112.

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Fig. 5 Viminacium castrum reconstructed in 3D, porta praetoria, side view. colony, probably during the reign of Domitian and displayed on a computer, tablet, or mobile and became Colonia Flavia Sirmium. The city phone screen. The four sites are characterised by developed and flourished in the period from the a lack of easily understandable remains. They are 1st to the 6th century AD, thanks to, among other not like Pompei or where is easier to un- things, the efficient road network. The most im- derstand how a Roman town, temple or theatre portant road was the one connecting these four was built. So, in order to increase and develop the cities. Sirmium was known as an important Chris- audience and to attract new visitors, an essential tian centre and by its many martyrs who suffered task was to work on 3D reconstructions because for their religious beliefs (Popović 1993; Tiussi, this was the only way to let people understand C., 2013: 65). Representatives of this fourth site how Aquileia, Emona, Sirmium and Viminacium were introduced at the first meeting in Aquileia looked in Roman times. It was assumed that the and quickly integrated into the existing team so 3D reconstruction, as the main tool among other that the partnership cooperation flowed smoothly activities, would be the method to change the pub- and to the general satisfaction of all concerned. lic’s preconception that archaeology in an elitist The main objective of the project was the pre- and boring subject, understood only by specifical- sentation of four exceptionally important archae- ly knowledgeable people. ological sites from the Roman period through the At the very beginning of the project the target creation of 3D reconstructions and the introduc- groups were identified and divided into three cat- tion of augmented reality technology which would egories: bring visitors closer to the look of the settlement • Already existing audiences: general public, in ancient times. In other words, real-world in- young people, families, disabled people, formation is combined with computer content cultural professionals like archaeologists,

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conservators, historians, photographers, 3D / Andautonia, Sremska Mitrovica / Sirmium and designers and communicators of culture; Stari / Viminacium). From that action, • Associations of professionals (connected to fifty pictures were selected and used for the cal- the project), government bodies at both a na- endar, the Joint Historic Research on the Roman tional and local level and international organ- Road Aquileia-Emona-Viminacium, conducted isations; by a multidisciplinary team led by one archaeol- • Non-audience: most important target group ogist from each of the countries that participated with the aim to be transformed into audience. in the project, and the web site. The aim of this Additionally, the intention of the ARCHEST activity was to create a photo story with a unique project was to support the archaeological sector design and approach capable of telling the story of and creative sectors related to archaeology to the five sites in an emotional and evocative style. act at an international level and to advance the All the shots were made available to the partners knowledge of common Roman history through a with unlimited rights of use over time. This task relationship with the most important archaeolog- was assigned to a professional photographer, with ical sites so that visitors can experience a unique years of proven experience in the communication, approach and modern technology that will lead promotion and enhancement of archaeological and potential visitors to become actual visitors and cultural heritage. The photo campaign was realised change the view of archaeology as a science to in April of 2016 by the lead partner, given that in complicated for the general public to understand. spring there is better light and shadows than in the The first activity of the project was the photo- other seasons of the year. During the project, pho- graphic reportage, realised in each of the 5 sites to exhibitions were organised along the route from involved (Aquileia, Ljubljana / Emona, Šćitarjevo Aquileia to Viminacium and visits to archaeolog-

Fig. 6 Viminacium castrum reconstructed in 3D, legionary baracks.

161 Archaeology and Science 13 (2017) Golubović and Mrđić - Rebirth of the Past...(155-167) ical sites covered by 3D reconstruction in accor- Shortly before this big celebration, in May dance with the audience development strategy. 2017, ARCHEOBUS was organised, an educa- In addition to the experts from the institutions, tional tour for journalists and archaeologists along the project involved a large number of research- the Aquileia - Emona - Andautonia - Sirmium - ers and experts on specific issues related to the Viminacium route. Each partner sent five partici- project. The general public were also involved by pants, archaeologists and journalists working for actively participating in the project through their tourist and archaeological journals. It was an ide- acquaintance with the cultural heritage of this part al opportunity for them to meet with colleagues of Europe. At the same time, the visualisation re- from other countries (especially for the archaeol- sults were used to promote the ARCHEST proj- ogists) and to discuss the archaeology and tourist ect during various planned and unplanned events. potential of the sites involved in the project. The Fairs were planned - the first one was the Tourism six-day journey began in Aquileia, from where the fair in Belgrade in late February 2017, and then participants travelled to Ljubljana / Emona, Šći- one unplanned but excellent opportunity was the tarjevo / Andautonia, Sremska Mitrovica / Sirmi- celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Archae- um and Kostolac and Viminacium. After the visit ological Institute, in June 2017. It was used to to Kostolac, the bus returned to Aquileia leaving present the first results of the 3D visualisation of the participants in their cities. In this way, the par- the archaeological sites and the presentation of the ticipants had more information and were able to ARCHEST project to a wider audience in front easily present sites in order to attract visitors. The of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts final goal, the growth of cultural tourism at the five (SANU), in the most visited part of the heart of sites, is expected in the next months after the very old Belgrade, . positive articles that appeared in several daily and

Fig. 7 Viminacium amphitheatre reconstructed in 3D.

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Fig. 8 Viminacium city baths (thermae) reconstructed in 3D. weekly newspapers and their online editions, and The methodological tools were jointly developed as short reportages on state TV channels. by the partners and adapted according to specific One of the tasks of the project was the devel- contexts. Multidisciplinary teams composed of ar- opment of guided tours for audience develop- chaeologists, communication experts and guides ment. The partners in the project were fully aware were established in order to provide a holistic ap- that archaeology has always been considered little proach. Specific attention was paid to young peo- bit difficult, boring and not easily accessible to a ple (children, students), to disabled people (e.g. wide audience. The probable reason is because blind people, mentally ill people) and to other archaeologists and conservators often use techni- disadvantaged groups. Tourist guides too often cal terms with many rare words, Latin words and work using a standard style of language, but with other uncommon words. This also happens in the ARCHEST we tried to adapt the message and the communication and dissemination of culture e.g. experience according to the target group involved the terminology used in museums for captions. by selecting the guides on the basis of the offer So, the archaeologists together with the communi- provided. The guides used modern technologies cation / audience development managers involved such as tablets onto which the 3D reconstructions in ARCHEST decided to try to make archaeology had been uploaded. This allowed the audience to more accessible to a wider audience. In order to understand how the sites looked in Roman times attract new audiences, maintain existing audience and to have different emotions and experiences and change the attitude that the general public has while visiting an archaeological site. towards archaeology, guided tours were organ- ised by the partners in their own territories. The main challenge was to transform the non audi- ence (resistors and rejecters) into a new audience.

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Fig. 9 Viminacium, 3rd century mausoleum complex at the east part of the cemetery reconstructed in 3D.

CONCLUSION cal sites that are involved in a tourism project. In that sense, it was extremely important to present The rebuilding of Viminacium in 3D and its use the project through 3D reconstructions and virtu- in presentations, guided tours and public events al reality, first during the celebration of the 70th has already proved to be of enormous value. anniversary of the Institute of Archaeology, then The specific intentions of ARCHEST and the at the Tourism Fair in where the pre- 3D modelling were to promote knowledge and the sentation was accompanied by a dramatic musical use of information and communication technolo- performance, and finally at the Festival of Science gies applied to cultural heritage; to instruct those in Belgrade where the presentation of Project Vi- who make decisions and have a political impact minacium was the most visited. on the importance of information and communi- The mutual activities of the partners included cation technologies for the enrichment of cultural promotions at national fairs. For that purpose each heritage; to promote the internationalisation of partner had access to all the materials, including workers in culture who are active in archaeolo- the 3D models, in order to promote the results at gy (archaeologists, photographers, 3D designers, both national and international fairs. Fondazione graphic designers, promoters of science); to pro- Aquileia distributed them in the Borsa Mediter- mote visitor education by paying particular atten- ranea del Turismo Archeologico, held in Paestum tion to young people and people with disabilities; from 26th to 29th of October 2017. The Institute to strengthen a network of archaeological sites of Archaeology in Belgrade participated with a linking Italy with the Black Sea through Slove- stand at the International Fair of Tourism, held in nia, Croatia, Serbia and Romania, and, very im- Belgrade in February 2017, which proved to be a portantly, to promote knowledge of archaeologi- great opportunity to promote the ARCHEST proj-

164 Golubović and Mrđić - Rebirth of the Past...(155-167) Archaeology and Science 13 (2017) ect’s objectives and results by distributing flyers — Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 and merchandising material and informing visi- Serbia (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- tors of the financed action’s progress. nc-nd/3.0/rs/. Also, the so-called archaeological days were Časopis Arheologija i prirodne nauke je dostupan organised with a series of lectures and education- u režimu otvorenog pristupa. Članci objavljeni al and pedagogical workshops for pupils of high- u časopisu mogu se besplatno preuzeti sa sajta i er classes of elementary and secondary schools, koristiti u skladu sa licencom Creative Commons with the aim of bringing them closer to archaeol- — Autorstvo-Nekomercijalno-Bez prerada 3.0 ogy and history in an interesting way. Intensive Srbija (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- work with journalists and the realisation of AR- nc-nd/3.0/rs/. CHEOBUS resulted in real successes considering the publicity achieved and the ARCHEO OPEN BIBLIOGRAPHY DAYS in Sirmium, in August 2017 and in Vimi- nacium, in December 2017. Golubović, S. and Mrđić, N., 2013 After the finalisation of the work on the 3D T-PAS – Project on tourist promotion of the ar- reconstruction of the amphitheatre, legionary for- chaeological sites along the route Aquileia, Emo- tress and mausoleum from the eastern cemetery na, Viminacium, Arheologija i prirodne nauke 8 with developers and the static rendering and 3D (2012), 101-112. video for tablets, we achieved 3D reconstructions based on the scientific results which allow us to Popović, V., 1993 help people understand and imagine how these Sirmium – Grad careva i mučenika, in: Rimski sites looked 2,000 years ago. gradovi i palate u Srbiji, ed. D. Srejović, Beograd. We organised guided tours for different target groups (children, disabled people, an educational Tiussi, C., ed. 2013 tour for journalists and archaeologist, and open T-Pas, Tourist Promotion of the Archaeological days with schools and professionals) to involve Sites along the Roman Route Aquileia-Emona-Vi- new audiences, and also several workshops with minacium, ed. Cristiano Tiussi, Udine 2013, 65. high school students. However, the greatest achievement is that, for the first time, the 3D reconstruction of four REZIME sites was made based on the results of scientific RAĐANJE PROŠLOSTI – research obtained using cutting edge methods, PODIZANJE VIMINACIJUMA U 3D I PREZENTACIJA KULTURNOG excavations and geophysical surveys. Ultimate- NASLEĐA ly, the results have a huge appeal to ordinary au- diences and support a better understanding and KLJUČNE REČI: 3D REKONSTRUKCIJE, VIR- acceptance of Roman civilization through clear TUELNA REALNOST, VIMINACIUM, ARCHEST images which, at the same time, do not contradict the scientific concept but, rather, aim to support it. Vizualizacija prošlosti je sigurno najsloženiji zadatak arheologije. Jedna je od najvažnijih nauč- * * * nih zapovesti je da nešto nevidljivo, maglovito i ta- Arheologija i prirodne nauke (Archaeology and janstveno, osvetli i učini vidljivim i bliskim. Arhe- Science) is an Open Access Journal. All articles olog proučava i istražuje drevne ostatke temeljno i can be downloaded free of charge and used in sistematično kako bi mogao da razume i protumači accordance with the licence Creative Commons

165 Archaeology and Science 13 (2017) Golubović and Mrđić - Rebirth of the Past...(155-167) mesta i događaje od pre nekoliko hiljada godina, termi sa programerima i statičkim renderingom, sa ali ljudi koji posecuju arheološke lokalitete i mu- 3D video zapisima za tablete, doščo smo do 3D zeje nisu naučnici i nisu obrazovani da razumeju rekonstrukcija zasnovanih na naučnim rezultatima te ostatke. Otpatci ili smece za neke, neprocenjivi kako bi ljudi razumeli i zamislili kako su ove gra- su izvori saznanja za druge, a premošcivanje nau- đevine izgledale pre 2000 godina. ke i turizma ili arheologa i posetioca javlja se kao Projekat ARCHEST je uspeo da kroz izradu ozbiljan problem. Na imaginaciju posetilaca često 3D rekonstrukcija i uz uvođenje tehnologija pro- utiču holivudski filmovi ili sopstvene bajkovite širene stvarnosti (augmented reality) koje poseti- zamisli koje nisu zasnovane na dugotrajnim nauč- ocima mogu da dočaraju izgled naselja u antičko nim istraživanjima, tako da ustvari imaju prilično vreme, predstavi četiri izuzetno važna arheološka iskrivljenu sliku. Projekat ARCHEST je baš zbog nalazišta iz rimskog perioda (Akvileja, Emona, toga imao za cilj ispravljanje, ali i poboljšanje pre- Sirmijum i Viminacijum). zentacije arheoloških lokaliteta i privlačenje novih Svrha projekta „ARCHEST-a” je da podrži posetilaca korišćenjem savremene tehnologije. arheološki sektor i kreativne sektore povezane sa Da bi se “obnovio” grad razrušen pre 16 vekova arheologijom da deluju na lokalnom i međunarod- bilo je neophodno koristiti profesionalni pristup, nom nivou i unaprede poznavanje zajedničke rim- odnosno naučna saznanja stečena nakon decenija ske istorije kroz upoznavanje sa najvažnijim arhe- istraživanja u kombinaciji sa elementima naučne ološkim nalazištima. Posetioca je potrebno privući imaginacije koja bi dovela do rezultata prihvatlji- jedinstvenim pristupom i savremenom tehnologi- vog i razumljivog prosečnom posetiocu. jom čime će potencijalno postati učesnici u rekon- Viminacijuma je bio jedan od prvih projekata struisanoj stvarnosti i promeniti pristup arheologiji koji je uveo geofizička istraživanja u. Od 2002. go- kao nečemu što je dosadno ili previše „elitističko“. dine za sistematsko istraživanje legijskog utvrđe- Najvecim dostignucem projekta smatra se to nja, gradskih i prigradskih primenjene su višestru- što su, po prvi put, 3D rekonstrukcije nastale ana- ke metode kako bi se dobila jasna slika arheoloških lizom savremenih geofizičkih i arheoloških istraži- ostataka. Prilikom istraživanja Viminacijuma kori- vanja. Krajnji rezultat je ispao toliko privlačan za šćeni su georadar, protonski magnetometar, mere- prosećnu publiku da podstiče mnogo bolje razu- na elektro-otpornost tla, avio i satelitski snimci, a mevanje i prihvatanje znanja o rimskoj civilizaciji uvedeni su istovremeno sa razvojem GIS-a i arhe- putem “živih” slika, a istovremeno nije u suprot- ološke baze podataka. Ukupna površina obuhvace- nosti sa naučnim konceptom, vec ga podržava. na multidisciplinarnim istraživanjem prelazi 600 hektara, od čega je 150 hektara temeljito skenirano i detaljno razrađenim metodama istraživanja. Ovo je bila čvrsta osnova za stvaranje mode- la grada koji je kombinovao rezultate dugoročnih istraživanja gradova i tvrđava i, nažalost, samo de- limična iskopavanja. Pošto ostanak Viminacijuma više nije vidljiv na površini, ovo je bilo važno za razvoj turizma i buduceg arheološkog parka. Vizu- elizacija arheoloških ostataka i njihova prezentaci- ja javnosti postala je glavni projekat koji je konač- no rezultirao brzim razvojem. Nakon završetka rada na 3D rekonstrukciji am- fiteatra, legijskog utvrđenja, mauzoleja i gradskih

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