DOCSLIB.ORG

And Quantum Mechanical Behaviour Is a Subject Which Is Not a Rarefied and Moribund Field

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) www.ijmer.com Vol.2, Issue.4, July-Aug 2012 pp-1602-1731 ISSN: 2249-6645 Quantum Computer (Information) and Quantum Mechanical Behaviour - A Quid Pro Quo Model 1 2 3 Dr K N Prasanna Kumar, prof B S Kiranagi, Prof C S Bagewadi For (7), 36 ,37, 38,--39 Abstract: Perception may not be what you think it is. Perception is not just a collection of inputs from our sensory system. Instead, it is the brain's interpretation (positive, negative or neutral-no signature case) of stimuli which is based on an individual's genetics and past experiences. Perception is therefore produced by (e) brain‘s interpretation of stimuli .The universe actually a giant quantum computer? According to Seth Lloyd--professor of quantum-mechanical engineering at MIT and originator of the first technologically feasible design for a working quantum computer--the answer is yes. Interactions between particles in the universe, Lloyd explains, convey not only (- to+) energy but also information-- In brief, a quantum is the smallest unit of a physical quantity expressing (anagrammatic expression and representation) a property of matter having both a particle and wave nature. On the scale of atoms and molecules, matter (e&eb) behaves in a quantum manner. The idea that computation might be performed more efficiently by making clever use (e) of the fascinating properties of quantum mechanics is nothing other than the quantum computer. In actuality, everything that happens (either positive or negative e&eb) in our daily lives conforms (one that does not break the rules) (e (e)) to the principles of quantum mechanics if we were to observe them on a microscopic scale, that is, on the scale of atoms and molecules. But because a great many degrees of freedom (such as a huge number of atomic movements) contribute to phenomena that we as human beings can perceive, this quantum mechanical behavior is normally hidden (not perceived-e(e)) by us. That it is not in the visible field; We cannot see it let alone decipher the progressive movements and dynamics of the system. Yet, if we were to look into the world of individual atoms, we would find that an electron (+) moving about the atomic nucleus can only take on (e) energy having specific (discrete) values. In other words, an electron may enter only a fixed number of set states. It is like I can build house in my site; not on somebody‘s site or on corporation designated area for public utility; This resembles the way in which strings on a guitar can only resonate at set frequencies, and(e some light&eb some light ) reflects the wave nature of quantum states. This electron, moreover, may take on a "superposition state" that combines (e&eb) different energy states simultaneously. Superposition state is important concept in quantum computing. Applying a strong electric field to an atom can also (eb) make the electrons circulating around it tunnel through a wall created (eb) by strong nuclear binding energy and (eb or=) become unbound. Although the tunneling of say a soccer ball through a wall does not occur in reality, this kind of phenomenon can occur in the microscopic world. Such quantum mechanical behavior must be artificially (e&eb) controlled and measured to achieve (eb) a quantum computer. Quantum computer thus utilizes (e) Quantum mechanical behaviour that is artificially controlled. Quantum mechanical behavior in state one controls (e&eb) Quantum Mechanical behviour in state two. R. Schilling, M. Selecky, W. Baltensperger studied the influence (e&eb) of the hyperfine interaction ∼ Sn. In between the ionic and the nuclear spins at the site n on the Eigenvaluesof a 2-domain Heisenberg ferromagnetic with a 180% -domain wall. A level splitting is obtained even when 〈Sn〉 = 0 due (e) to quantum fluctuations The idea quantum states used for a computer first came about in the 1980s. In 1985, David.tsch, a professor at Oxford University and a proponent of quantum computers, wrote a paper titled "Quantum theory, the Church-Turing principle, and the universal quantum computer" that touched upon the possibility of quantum computers. Frank Verstraete, Michael M. Wolf & J. Ignacio Cirac STUDIED THE EFFECTS OF QUANTUM MECHANICAL STATES ON QUANTUM KEYWORDS: Quantum mechanical states, Quantum computation, Decoherence, Quantum cryptography, Quantum simulation, Tunneling, nonadiabatic multiphonon process in the strong vibronic coupling limit, Schrodinger‘s Hamiltonian, Claude Shannon Theories of Redundancy and Noise, Kraus operators ,,a non-zero energy state,* I. INFORMATON The strongest adversary in quantum information science is decoherence, which (eb) arises owing to the coupling(e&eb) of a system with its environment. The induced dissipation tends to destroy and (e) wash out the interesting quantum affects that give (eb) rise to the power of quantum computation, cryptography and simulation. Whereas such a statement is true for many forms of dissipation, they showed that dissipation can also have exactly the opposite effect: it can be a fully fledged resource (eb) for universal quantum computation without any coherent dynamics needed to complement it. Universal Quantum Computation utilizes (e) decoherence. The coupling (e&eb) to the environment drives (eb) the system to a steady state where the outcome (eb) of the computation is encoded. In a similar vein, they showed that dissipation can be (e) used to engineer a large variety of strongly correlated states in steady state, including all stabilizer codes, matrix product states, and their generalization to higher dimensions. Words ―e‖ and ―eb‖ are used for better comprehension of the paper. They represent ‗encompasses‘ and ‗encompassed by‘. There are no other attributions or ascriptions for the same. For the system of Quantum entanglement and Quantum Information we discuss the stability analysis, solution behaviour and asymptotic stability in detail. Asymptotic stability is proved for the system in accord with the extant obtention of appositive factors in the system. www.ijmer.com 1602 | P a g e International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) www.ijmer.com Vol.2, Issue.4, July-Aug 2012 pp-1602-1731 ISSN: 2249-6645 . II. Constitution,Composition And Outlay Of The Paper 1: Review Of the Literature: Under this head we take an intimate and hawk‘s look at the various aspectionalities and attributions in the literature available. Quantum Information and Quantum Mechanical behaviour is a subject which is not a rarefied and moribund field. Quantum Information and Quantum Mechanical behaviour and consummation, consolidation, concretization, consubstantiation is a field which is many a time attempted to. Piece de resistance of the work is to put the study the concatenated formulated equations which has not been done earlier on terra firma. Under this head, in consideration to the fact that there are some Gordian Knots, we point out the extant and existential problems thereof. This helps develop a two pronged strategy: one it helps the reader and author and academician alike to appreciate the generalized strain of rationalized consistency and cumulative choice of variables for the development of the model and second, provides the cognitive orientation towards the model built itself in the sense that aspects like Theory of Classification, Dissipation Coefficient formulation, Accentuation Coefficient induction which are cat hectic evaluative integrational necessary mechanisms so that qubits act as individual components and componential clusterings with a certain predefined set of specification. In case of randomness, the constraints under which Model holds well are stated. Evaluative motivational orientation for the development of a Quantum Computer, with variable integration and role differentiation is obtained so that it suits our model. It is important that this factor is to be borne in mind. Introduction is not just a brush up on the topic but also a breeding ground to fulfill and render conceptual soundness and system orientation and process orientation to the model. While engaging the attention, on the introductory aspects, we also point to the integrative function, model adequacy, instrumental applicable orientations, and the implications of functional imperatives of Technological change are also perceived and given a decent guess. In Quantum Computers, structural relational context of qubits like quantum entanglement and when such an entanglement would become disentangles; its functional exigencies and contingencies are also stated. They are done in order to see that the model is developed further so that it acts as a better tool for vindication of certain objectives for which it is applied. Gritty narrative brings out the subtleties and nuances of the subject in addition to the fact how it would help the formulation of the Model. Additionally, expatiation, enucleation, elucidation and exposition of the points that are necessary for the formulation of the present problem are also notified. Here we study the aging process, dissipatory mechanism, obliteration, obfuscation and abjuration of the Vacuum energy and Quantum Field, with thrust on the problem solving capacity and state sytemal and processual thinking on the subject matter. 2. Work Suggested/Done: Under this appellation, we enumerate the work done, namely the sole aim, primary objective and sum mum bonuum of the work done. In the extant case we give the formulation of the problem. Statement of governing equations for both Quantum Information and Quantum Mechanical
Recommended publications
  • Arxiv:Quant-Ph/0105127V3 19 Jun 2003

    Arxiv:Quant-Ph/0105127V3 19 Jun 2003

    DECOHERENCE, EINSELECTION, AND THE QUANTUM ORIGINS OF THE CLASSICAL Wojciech Hubert Zurek Theory Division, LANL, Mail Stop B288 Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 Decoherence is caused by the interaction with the en- A. The problem: Hilbert space is big 2 vironment which in effect monitors certain observables 1. Copenhagen Interpretation 2 of the system, destroying coherence between the pointer 2. Many Worlds Interpretation 3 B. Decoherence and einselection 3 states corresponding to their eigenvalues. This leads C. The nature of the resolution and the role of envariance4 to environment-induced superselection or einselection, a quantum process associated with selective loss of infor- D. Existential Interpretation and ‘Quantum Darwinism’4 mation. Einselected pointer states are stable. They can retain correlations with the rest of the Universe in spite II. QUANTUM MEASUREMENTS 5 of the environment. Einselection enforces classicality by A. Quantum conditional dynamics 5 imposing an effective ban on the vast majority of the 1. Controlled not and a bit-by-bit measurement 6 Hilbert space, eliminating especially the flagrantly non- 2. Measurements and controlled shifts. 7 local “Schr¨odinger cat” states. Classical structure of 3. Amplification 7 B. Information transfer in measurements 9 phase space emerges from the quantum Hilbert space in 1. Action per bit 9 the appropriate macroscopic limit: Combination of einse- C. “Collapse” analogue in a classical measurement 9 lection with dynamics leads to the idealizations of a point and of a classical trajectory. In measurements, einselec- III. CHAOS AND LOSS OF CORRESPONDENCE 11 tion replaces quantum entanglement between the appa- A. Loss of the quantum-classical correspondence 11 B.
  • Completeness of the ZX-Calculus

    Completeness of the ZX-Calculus

    Completeness of the ZX-calculus Quanlong Wang Wolfson College University of Oxford A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Hilary 2018 Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Bob Coecke for all his huge help, encouragement, discussions and comments. I can not imagine what my life would have been like without his great assistance. Great thanks to my colleague, co-auhor and friend Kang Feng Ng, for the valuable cooperation in research and his helpful suggestions in my daily life. My sincere thanks also goes to Amar Hadzihasanovic, who has kindly shared his idea and agreed to cooperate on writing a paper based one his results. Many thanks to Simon Perdrix, from whom I have learned a lot and received much help when I worked with him in Nancy, while still benefitting from this experience in Oxford. I would also like to thank Miriam Backens for loads of useful discussions, advertising for my talk in QPL and helping me on latex problems. Special thanks to Dan Marsden for his patience and generousness in answering my questions and giving suggestions. I would like to thank Xiaoning Bian for always being ready to help me solve problems in using latex and other softwares. I also wish to thank all the people who attended the weekly ZX meeting for many interesting discussions. I am also grateful to my college advisor Jonathan Barrett and department ad- visor Jamie Vicary, thank you for chatting with me about my research and my life. I particularly want to thank my examiners, Ross Duncan and Sam Staton, for their very detailed and helpful comments and corrections by which this thesis has been significantly improved.
  • Electric Quadrupole Interaction in Cubic BCC Α-Fe

    Electric Quadrupole Interaction in Cubic BCC Α-Fe

    Electric quadrupole interaction in cubic BCC α-Fe A. Błachowski 1, K. Kom ędera 1, K. Ruebenbauer 1* , G. Cios 2, J. Żukrowski 2, and R. Górnicki 3 1Mössbauer Spectroscopy Division, Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University ul. Podchor ąż ych 2, PL-30-084 Kraków, Poland 2AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Center for Materials and Nanotechnology Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30-059 Kraków, Poland 3RENON ul. Gliniana 15/15, PL-30-732 Kraków, Poland *Corresponding author: [email protected] PACS: 76.80.+y, 75.50.Bb, 75.70.Tj Keywords: cubic ferromagnet, electric field gradient (EFG), Mössbauer spectroscopy Short title: EFG in α-Fe Abstract Mössbauer transmission spectra for the 14.41-keV resonant line in 57 Fe have been collected at room temperature by using 57 Co(Rh) commercial source and α-Fe strain-free single crystal as an absorber. The absorber was magnetized to saturation in the absorber plane perpendicular to the γ-ray beam axis applying small external magnetic field. Spectra were collected for various orientations of the magnetizing field, the latter lying close to the [110] crystal plane. A positive electric quadrupole coupling constant was found practically independent on += 19 -2 the field orientation. One obtains the following value Vzz )4(61.1 x 10 Vm for the (average) principal component of the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor under assumption that the EFG tensor is axially symmetric and the principal axis is aligned with the magnetic hyperfine field acting on the 57 Fe nucleus. The nuclear spectroscopic electric quadrupole moment for the first excited state of the 57 Fe nucleus was adopted as +0.17 b.
  • Achievements of the IARPA-QEO and DARPA-QAFS Programs & The

    Achievements of the IARPA-QEO and DARPA-QAFS Programs & The

    Achievements of the IARPA-QEO and DARPA-QAFS programs & The prospects for quantum enhancement with QA Elizabeth Crosson & DL, Nature Reviews Physics (2021) AQC 20201 June 22, 2021 Daniel Lidar USC A decade+ since the D‐Wave 1: where does QA stand? Numerous studies have attempted to demonstrate speedups using the D-Wave processors. Some studies have succeeded in A scaling speedup against path-integral Monte demonstrating constant-factor Carlo was claimed for quantum simulation of speedups in optimization against all geometrically frustrated magnets (scaling of classical algorithms they tried, e.g., relaxation time in escape from topological frustrated cluster-loop problems [1]. obstructions) [2]. Simulation is a natural and promising QA application. But QA was originally proposed as an optimization heuristic. No study so far has demonstrated an unequivocal scaling speedup in optimization. [1] S. Mandrà, H. Katzgraber, Q. Sci. & Tech. 3, 04LT01 (2018) [2] A. King et al., arXiv:1911.03446 What could be the reasons for the lack of scaling speedup? • Perhaps QA is inherently a poor algorithm? More on this later. • Control errors? Random errors in the final Hamiltonian (J-chaos) have a strong detrimental effect. • Such errors limit the size of QA devices that can be expected to accurately solve optimization instances without error correction/suppression [1,2]. • Decoherence? Single-qubit and ≪ anneal time. Often cited as a major problem of QA relative to the gate-model. • How important is this? Depends on weak vs strong coupling to the environment [3]. More on this later as well. [1] T. Albash, V. Martin‐Mayor, I. Hen, Q.
  • Why and When Is Pausing Beneficial in Quantum Annealing?

    Why and When Is Pausing Beneficial in Quantum Annealing?

    Why and when pausing is beneficial in quantum annealing Huo Chen1, 2 and Daniel A. Lidar1, 2, 3, 4 1Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA 2Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA 3Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA Recent empirical results using quantum annealing hardware have shown that mid anneal pausing has a surprisingly beneficial impact on the probability of finding the ground state for of a variety of problems. A theoretical explanation of this phenomenon has thus far been lacking. Here we provide an analysis of pausing using a master equation framework, and derive conditions for the strategy to result in a success probability enhancement. The conditions, which we identify through numerical simulations and then prove to be sufficient, require that relative to the pause duration the relaxation rate is large and decreasing right after crossing the minimum gap, small and decreasing at the end of the anneal, and is also cumulatively small over this interval, in the sense that the system does not thermally equilibrate. This establishes that the observed success probability enhancement can be attributed to incomplete quantum relaxation, i.e., is a form of beneficial non-equilibrium coupling to the environment. I. INTRODUCTION lems [23] and training deep generative machine learn- ing models [24]. Numerical studies [25, 26] of the p-spin Quantum annealing [1{4] stands out among the multi- model also agree with these empirical results.
  • Einselection Without Pointer States

    Einselection Without Pointer States

    Einselection without pointer states Einselection without pointer states - Decoherence under weak interaction Christian Gogolin Universit¨atW¨urzburg 2009-12-16 C. Gogolin j Universit¨atW¨urzburg j 2009-12-16 1 / 26 Einselection without pointer states j Introduction New foundation for Statistical Mechanics X Thermodynamics X Statistical Mechanics Second Law ergodicity equal a priory probabilities Classical Mechanics [2, 3] C. Gogolin j Universit¨atW¨urzburg j 2009-12-16 2 / 26 Einselection without pointer states j Introduction New foundation for Statistical Mechanics X Thermodynamics X Statistical Mechanics Second Law ergodicity ? equal a priory probabilities Classical Mechanics ? [2, 3] C. Gogolin j Universit¨atW¨urzburg j 2009-12-16 2 / 26 Einselection without pointer states j Introduction New foundation for Statistical Mechanics X Thermodynamics X Statistical Mechanics [2, 3] C. Gogolin j Universit¨atW¨urzburg j 2009-12-16 2 / 26 Einselection without pointer states j Introduction New foundation for Statistical Mechanics X Thermodynamics X Statistical Mechanics * Quantum Mechanics X [2, 3] C. Gogolin j Universit¨atW¨urzburg j 2009-12-16 2 / 26 quantum mechanical orbitals discrete energy levels coherent superpositions hopping Einselection without pointer states j Introduction Why do electrons hop between energy eigenstates? C. Gogolin j Universit¨atW¨urzburg j 2009-12-16 3 / 26 discrete energy levels hopping Einselection without pointer states j Introduction Why do electrons hop between energy eigenstates? quantum mechanical orbitals coherent superpositions C. Gogolin j Universit¨atW¨urzburg j 2009-12-16 3 / 26 Einselection without pointer states j Introduction Why do electrons hop between energy eigenstates? quantum mechanical orbitals discrete energy levels coherent superpositions hopping C.
  • LYCEN 7112 Février 1972 Notice 92Ft on the Generalized Exchange

    LYCEN 7112 Février 1972 Notice 92Ft on the Generalized Exchange

    LYCEN 7112 Février 1972 notice 92ft On the Generalized Exchange Operators for SU(n) A. Partensky Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Université Claude Bernard de Lyon Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules 43, Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69-Villeurbanne, France Abstract - By following the work of Biedenharn we have redefined the k-particles generalized exchange operators (g.e.o) and studied their properties. By a straightforward but cur-jersome calculation we have derived the expression, in terms of the SU(n) Casimir operators, of the ?., 3 or 4 particles g.e.o. acting on the A-particles states which span an irreducible representation of the grown SU(n). A striking and interesting result is that the eigenvalues of each of these g.e.o. do not depend on the n in SU(n) but only on the Young pattern associated with the irreducible representation considered. For a given g.e.o. , the eigenvalues corresponding to two conjugate Young patterns are the same except for the sign which depends on the parity of the g.e.o. considered. Three Appendices deal with some related problems and, more specifically, Appendix C 2 contains a method of obtaining the eigenvalues of Gel'fand invariants in a new and simple way. 1 . Introduction The interest attributed by physicists to the Lie groups has 3-4 been continuously growing since the pionner works of Weyl , Wigner and Racah • In particular, unitary groups have been used successfully in various domains of physics, although the physical reasons for their introduction have not always been completely explained.
  • 5.1 Two-Particle Systems

    5.1 Two-Particle Systems

    5.1 Two-Particle Systems We encountered a two-particle system in dealing with the addition of angular momentum. Let's treat such systems in a more formal way. The w.f. for a two-particle system must depend on the spatial coordinates of both particles as @Ψ well as t: Ψ(r1; r2; t), satisfying i~ @t = HΨ, ~2 2 ~2 2 where H = + V (r1; r2; t), −2m1r1 − 2m2r2 and d3r d3r Ψ(r ; r ; t) 2 = 1. 1 2 j 1 2 j R Iff V is independent of time, then we can separate the time and spatial variables, obtaining Ψ(r1; r2; t) = (r1; r2) exp( iEt=~), − where E is the total energy of the system. Let us now make a very fundamental assumption: that each particle occupies a one-particle e.s. [Note that this is often a poor approximation for the true many-body w.f.] The joint e.f. can then be written as the product of two one-particle e.f.'s: (r1; r2) = a(r1) b(r2). Suppose furthermore that the two particles are indistinguishable. Then, the above w.f. is not really adequate since you can't actually tell whether it's particle 1 in state a or particle 2. This indeterminacy is correctly reflected if we replace the above w.f. by (r ; r ) = a(r ) (r ) (r ) a(r ). 1 2 1 b 2 b 1 2 The `plus-or-minus' sign reflects that there are two distinct ways to accomplish this. Thus we are naturally led to consider two kinds of identical particles, which we have come to call `bosons' (+) and `fermions' ( ).
  • Aleksei A. Abrikosov 1928–2017

    Aleksei A. Abrikosov 1928–2017

    Aleksei A. Abrikosov 1928–2017 A Biographical Memoir by M. R. Norman ©2018 National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. ALEKSEI ALEKSEEVICH ABRIKOSOV June 25, 1928–March 29, 2017 Elected to the NAS, 2000 Shortly after the 2003 announcement that Aleksei Abrikosov had won the Nobel Prize in Physics, a number of colleagues took Alex to lunch at a nearby Italian restau- rant. During lunch, one of the Russian visitors exclaimed that Alex should get a second Nobel Prize, this time in Literature for his famous “AGD” book with Lev Gor’kov and Igor Dzyaloshinskii (Methods of Quantum Field Theory in Statistical Physics.) Somewhat taken aback, I looked closely at this individual and realized that he was deadly serious. Although I could imagine the reaction of the Nobel Literature committee to such a book (for a lay person, perhaps analogous to trying to read Finnegan’s Wake), I had to admit that my own copy of this book is quite dog-eared, having been put to good use over the By M. R. Norman years. In fact, you know you have made it in physics when your book gets a Dover edition. One of the most charming pictures I ever saw was a rare drawing in color that Alexei Tsvelik did (commissioned by Andrei Varlamov for Alex’s 50th birthday) that was proudly displayed in Alex’s home in Lemont, IL. It showed Alex with his fingers raised in a curled fashion as in the habit of medieval Popes.
  • Science & ROGER PENROSE

    Science & ROGER PENROSE

    Science & ROGER PENROSE Live Webinar - hosted by the Center for Consciousness Studies August 3 – 6, 2021 9:00 am – 12:30 pm (MST-Arizona) each day 4 Online Live Sessions DAY 1 Tuesday August 3, 2021 9:00 am to 12:30 pm MST-Arizona Overview / Black Holes SIR ROGER PENROSE (Nobel Laureate) Oxford University, UK Tuesday August 3, 2021 9:00 am – 10:30 am MST-Arizona Roger Penrose was born, August 8, 1931 in Colchester Essex UK. He earned a 1st class mathematics degree at University College London; a PhD at Cambridge UK, and became assistant lecturer, Bedford College London, Research Fellow St John’s College, Cambridge (now Honorary Fellow), a post-doc at King’s College London, NATO Fellow at Princeton, Syracuse, and Cornell Universities, USA. He also served a 1-year appointment at University of Texas, became a Reader then full Professor at Birkbeck College, London, and Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics, Oxford University (during which he served several 1/2-year periods as Mathematics Professor at Rice University, Houston, Texas). He is now Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor, Fellow, Wadham College, Oxford (now Emeritus Fellow). He has received many awards and honorary degrees, including knighthood, Fellow of the Royal Society and of the US National Academy of Sciences, the De Morgan Medal of London Mathematical Society, the Copley Medal of the Royal Society, the Wolf Prize in mathematics (shared with Stephen Hawking), the Pomeranchuk Prize (Moscow), and one half of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, the other half shared by Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez.
  • ß-NM R Study of the Electric Field Gradient in the Metallic Intercalation

    ß-NM R Study of the Electric Field Gradient in the Metallic Intercalation

    ß-NMR Study of the Electric Field Gradient in the Metallic Intercalation Compound LiC6 P. Freiländer, P. Heitjans, H. Ackermann, B. Bader, G. Kiese, A. Schirmer and H.-J. Stockmann Fachbereich Physik, Universität Marburg, West Germany and Institut Laue-Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex, France Z. Naturforsch. 41 a, 109 -1 1 2 (1986); received July 22, 1985 In the layered compound LiC 6 polarized /?-active 8Li probe nuclei were produced by capture of polarized thermal neutrons. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 8Li were recorded via the /5-radiation asymmetry. The 8 Li quadrupole coupling constant e2qQ/h, measured in the temperature range 7 = 5... 500 K decreases with increasing 7 from 45.2(8) to 22.8(4) kHz. Anomalies in the overall temperature dependence are discussed in terms of phase transitions proposed for LiC6. 1. Introduction graphite the carbon layers are stacked in direct registry with respect to each other. The lithium A characteristic feature of graphite intercalation atoms, being sandwiched between two carbon layers compounds (GICs) is the variety of ordered struc­ such that one-third of the C hexagons have Li tures and phase transitions observed. A GIC of atoms directly above and below, form a 2D hexa­ stage n is formed by a periodic arrangement of one gonal superlattice (j/3 x |/3 30° structure: the Li- layer of intercalant followed by n layers of graphite. superlattice vectors are measured in units of the Both intercalant in-plane order and layer sequence graphite lattice, their direction is obtained by 30° are known to undergo various phase transitions for rotation of the graphite lattice vectors).
  • IJSRP, Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2012 Edition

    IJSRP, Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2012 Edition

    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2012 1 ISSN 2250-3153 OF QUANTUM GATES AND COLLAPSING STATES- A DETERMINATE MODEL APRIORI AND DIFFERENTIAL MODEL APOSTEORI 1DR K N PRASANNA KUMAR, 2PROF B S KIRANAGI AND 3 PROF C S BAGEWADI ABSTRACT : We Investigate The Holistic Model With Following Composition : ( 1) Mpc (Measurement Based Quantum Computing)(2) Preparational Methodologies Of Resource States (Application Of Electric Field Magnetic Field Etc.)For Gate Teleportation(3) Quantum Logic Gates(4) Conditionalities Of Quantum Dynamics(5) Physical Realization Of Quantum Gates(6) Selective Driving Of Optical Resonances Of Two Subsystems Undergoing Dipole-Dipole Interaction By Means Of Say Ramsey Atomic Interferometry(7) New And Efficient Quantum Algorithms For Computation(8) Quantum Entanglements And No localities(9) Computation Of Minimum Energy Of A Given System Of Particles For Experimentation(10) Exponentially Increasing Number Of Steps For Such Quantum Computation(11) Action Of The Quantum Gates(12) Matrix Representation Of Quantum Gates And Vector Constitution Of Quantum States. Stability Conditions, Analysis, Solutional Behaviour Are Discussed In Detailed For The Consummate System. The System Of Quantum Gates And Collapsing States Show Contrast With The Documented Information Thereto. Paper may be extended to exponential time with exponentially increasing steps in the computation. INTRODUCTION: LITERATURE REVIEW: Double quantum dots: interdot interactions, co-tunneling, and Kondo resonances without spin (See for details Qing-feng Sun, Hong Guo ) Authors show that through an interdot off-site electron correlation in a double quantum-dot (DQD) device, Kondo resonances emerge in the local density of states without the electron spin-degree of freedom.