m, ETC.
8. W. BurnhaM* Astron. (Yerkw)
R E P o R T
OF
MR. TEBBUTT'S OBSERVATORY,
WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES,
FOR THK YEAR 1888,
JOHN TEBBUTT,
Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, and Corresponding Member of the Ethnographic - Institute, Paris, and of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia.
!Syrltic^i : GEORGE MURE AY & CO., PRINTERS, 91 CLAKE3SCE STREET. 1889.
REPORT
OF
MR. TEBBUTT'S OBSERVATORY,
WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES,
FOR THE VICAR 1888, \
13 Y
JOHN TEBBUTT,
Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London; Member of the Royal Society of 2\eiv South JFales, and Corresponding Member of the Ethnographic Institute, Paris, and of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia.
JSytlncy : GEORGE MURRAY & CO., PRINTERS, 91 CLARENCE STREET. 1880.
CONTENTS.
♦ PAGE. Buildings and Instruments 5 Geographical Position of the Observatory 6 Meridian Work 7 Instrumental Errors and Chronometer Errors and Hates 11 Extra-Meridian Work 19 Meteorological Observations 22 Publications "• 22 The Library 25 Personal Establishment 26 Proposed Work for year 1889 26 Observations Utilised since 1887 27 Conclusion 27 Presents received for the Library from September 1st, 1887, to December 31st, 1888 28
REPORT
OF THE
WINDSOR OBSERVATORY.
For 1Q88.
♦
At the close of the year 1887, a pamphlet of 74 pages was published, entitled a "History and Description of Mr. Tebbutt's Observatory, Windsor, New South "Wales." This little volume contains a detailed account of the Observatory buildings and of their instrumental equip¬ ment, and furnishes a list of all the scientific papers published by the proprietor, and of presents to the Observatory library, down to the close of August, 1887. The present Report will bring down the History of the Observatory to the close of the year 1888, under various heads, as follow :—
Buildings and Instruments. These remain as they were at the close of August, 1887, so that a description of them will be unnecessary here. A general notion of the buildings can be formed from the frontispiece of the publication referred to. It will suffice to state that the principal instruments are a 3-inch transit instrument, by Cooke and Sons of York ; a sidereal and a mean-time chronometer, by Parkinson and Prodsham and by Poole, respectively; an 8-inch equatorial, by Grubb of Dublin; a 4^-inch equatorial, by Cooke and Sons; and a SJ-inch refractor, by Jones. [ 6 ] Geographical Position of the Observatory. The best local determination of the longitude is that published by the author in R. Ast. Society's Monthly Notices, Yol. XL., p. 440. The result is lOh. 3m. 21.81s. E. of Greenwich, and is derived from twenty-three occultation phases, namely, nineteen disappearances and four reappearances. The occulted stars are well known ones, and the moon's tabular places were corrected from meridian observations at Greenwich, Radcliffe, and Washington. With a view to obtain a fundamental meridian for the Australian Colonies from absolute methods, Dr. Auwers of Berlin, in 1884, discussed a series of seventy-six disappearances of stars at the moon's dark limb, observed at Windsor in the years 1873, 1874, 1875, and 1876, and arrived at lOh. 3m. 21.25s. E. as the longitude of Windsor, a result which differs only 0.56s. from that just mentioned. Combining this value with that derived for Melbourne from ten disappearances and two reappearances in the years 1874 and 1875, with moon-culmination results at Sydney and Melbourne, and approximate values of the telegraphic differences of longitude between Sydney and Melbourne and Sydney and Windsor, he derived lOh. 4m. 49.60s. E. as the longitude of Sydney. Subtracting 1m. 28.83s. from this result, he gets lOh. 3m. 20.77s. E. as the longitude of Windsor. In 1887, Professor Harkness of Washington, recognising the great importance of the result derived for Windsor from the occultations of 1873-76, suggested to me the desirability of determining with all possible accuracy the differences of longitude between the Windsor Observatory and the Government Observatories at Sydney and Melbourne. Immediately on the receipt of Professor Harkness' letter, I communi¬ cated with Mr. Lenehan, the Acting Government Astronomer at Sydney, and Mr. Ellery, the Government Astronomer at Melbourne, and the result was that exchanges of telegraphic signals were made with the most satisfactory results, as described in a paper read before the Royal Astronomical Society in April, 1888, and published in the Society's Notices, Yol. XLVIIL, p. 313. The Windsor observations, in full detail, were [ 7 ] forwarded to Professor Harkness, together Avitk the Sydney and Melbourne signals, clock-errors, and rates. He proposes to work out the Windsor chronometer errors and rates by the method of least squares, in order to get the best possible values from the observations. Mean¬ while, adopting 1m. 29.39s. and 24m. 55.26s. as the differences of longitude between Sydney and "Windsor and Sydney and Melbourne respectively (see the author's paper above referred to), and applying these amended differences according to the combination employed by Dr. Auwers, we get lOh. 4m. 49.90s. E. and lOh. 3m. 20.51s. E. as the longitudes of Sydney and Windsor from Greenwich. Considering the number of links in the whole chain of telegraphic connection with Greenwich, this result is probably as trustworthy as that derived from the late telegraphic connection with Singapore. The most reliable value of the latitude is — 33° 36 30.8 , which was derived from a series of prime vertical observations, in 1881, of well- determined stars close to the zenith with the 3-inch transit instrument. (See the author's paper in R.A.S. Monthly Notices, Yol. XLIY., p. 101.) Nothing further has been done in the way of investigating the latitude, if we except the circumstance that in 1887 the" author made a trigonometrical connection between the Obser¬ vatory transit-instrument and the north terminal of the Government base-line, about three miles nearly due west of the Observatory. This connection, which was estab¬ lished with an ordinary steel tape and a 5-inch theodolite reading to minutes of arc, gave - 33° 36' 30.5" as the latitude of the transit and equatorial piers, which differs only 0.3" from the value obtained directly from the prime vertical observations of 1881. The geographical latitude of the terminal as furnished by the head of the Trigonometrical Survey is —33° 35' 58.07".
Meridian Work. This has been done throughout with the 3-inch transit instrument in connection with sidereal chrono¬ meter (Parkinson and Erodsham) No. 1042. The transit system consists of five wires, designated A, B, C, D, and [ 8 ]
E, in the order of transit above the pole when the clamp is east. The equatorial distances in sidereal time of the four outer wires from the middle wire were re-determined from all the transits of circumpolar stars observed in 1887, with the following results:—Ah- 19.492s. B+9.782s. D—10.001s. E —19.656s., which have been employed throughout the reductions of 1888. The reduction for a complete observation of an equatorial star at the upper culmination, clamp east, has therefore been—0.077s. The reduction for any other star is this quantity multi¬ plied by the secant of the star's declination, and has been taken from a MS. table having for its argument the star's declination. For incomplete transits the reduction for an equatorial star is taken from a MS. table giving the algebraic means of the observed wires. The observations have all been made by the eye and ear method. The level and azimuth errors of the transit instrument, considering the founda¬ tion of the pier, which consists of clay and loam, have been pretty steady throughout the year. The level employed is a striding one of 1130 feet radius, each division being equal to 0.8". The inclination was determined once at least on each evening of observation by four readings of each extremity of the bubble, the level being twice reversed during the operation. On some occasions, and always when the transit instrument has been reversed, two or more sets of readings have been taken. When the western pivot is the higher, the level error is regarded as positive. The collimation error was determined at intervals of a few days by comparing the middle wire in both positions of the axis of rotation with the corresponding wire of a two-inch transit instru¬ ment on a pier a little north of the transit-room. The middle wire of the collimator is slightly inclined for the purpose, and the comparison is always made near the horizontal wires. As there is no micrometer in connec¬ tion with the transit system, the distance of the middle wire from that of the collimator is estimated for each position of the axis of rotation in terms of the diameter of the wire. Half the total displacement reduced to seconds of arc from the known diameter of the wire is [ 9 ] regarded as the collimation error. "When the middle wire falls east of the collimation axis of the telescope with the clamp east, the collimation error is regarded as positive. On every occasion when the instrument has been reversed, star transits have been observed in both positions of the rotation axis, and by allowing for chronometer rate, it has been found that the estimations for collimation error are quite as reliable as the results which might be obtained by the application of the micro¬ meter to so small an instrument. The collimation errors for dates between those on which the reversals were made are simply interpolated. The azimuth error has been determined at short intervals either from oppo¬ site culminations of 0 Hydri and 0 Chameeleontis, from contacts and bi-sections of ^ Octantis at the middle wire and an approximate chronometer correction, or from transits of a star in pretty high south declination and one near the equator. The values for intermediate dates when no azimuth stars could be observed have been interpolated, and on these occasions stars as near the zenith as possible have been observed for time. Very carefully constructed MS. tables have been employed for the reductions for level, collimation, and azimuth. For all stars north of the zenith a table has been used whose arguments are each degree of declination from —33° to -\- 56°, and the values of the level, collimation, and azimuth errors for every second of arc from 1 to 15. The stars for time determinations, irrespective of the azimuth stars, have been taken from those with a declination less than 40° in the fundamental list on pages 320-367 of the Greenwich Nautical Almanac, with one occasionally from the moon-culminating list. It may here be added, that all time observations out of the meridian in connection with lunar occultations, phenomena of Jupiter's satellites, comets, &c., have been made with the sidereal chronometer (Parkinson and Frodsham), whose corrected indications are converted into local mean time by employing the sidereal time at Greenwich mean noon of the Nautical Almanac, cor¬ rected by the quantity —1m. 39.12s. These conversions have been carefully checked by the use of the mean time [ 10 ] of the preceding transit of the First Point of Aries, corrected by the quantity H-lm. 38.843. 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Tin's work is of a varied character, and may be classed under different heads, as follows:— OcCTJLTATIONS OF STARS BY THE MOON.—The OCCUl- tations of fifty-three stars have been observed, com¬ prising fifty-one disappearances at the dark and two at the bright limb, and three reappearances at the dark limb. Of the occulted stars, forty have been identified and thirteen have had their places approxi¬ mately determined. The results have been forwarded to the Astronomische Nachrichten. The number of occul- tation phases observed here during the period 1864-1888 is 372, namely, 361 disappearances and 11 reappearances. Phenomena of Jupiter's Satellites.—These have been observed chiefly with the 8-inch equatorial, and are classified thus:—Transit-ingress, 1.7, II.5, III.l; Transit-egress, 1.7, 11.6, III.3. Occultation-disappear- ance, 1.7, II.4; Occultation-reappearance, 1.2,11.3, III.l. Eclipse-disappearance, 1.5, II.3, III.5; Eclipse-reappear¬ ance, 1.7, II.3, III.6. A complete observation of both phases of the eclipse of. Satellite II. was obtained on August 6. All these results have been sent to the Royal Astronomical Society. Occultations of Planets by the Moon.—The ocoultation of Venus in both phases was observed on March 9, and the disappearance of Saturn on June 13. The results have already been published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Occultation of 47 Librae by Jupiter on June 10. —Both phases of this phenomenon were observed with the 8-inch equatorial, and a considerable number of filar- micrometer comparisons of the planet and star were made both before and after the occultation. The results are already published. The Conjunction of Jupiter and /s'Scorpii.— Two hundred and thirty comparisons of the planet and star were made with the 8-inch equatorial and Grubb filar-micrometer on twelve nights in May. The steadiness and definition were exceedingly satisfactory throughout the series. The results have been published and com- [ 20 ] pared with the tabular places of the 'Nautical Almanac. The deduced corrections to the Nautical Almanac decli¬ nations are pretty consistent throughout the series, but those for the right ascensions indicate a progressive change, which raises a suspicion as to the exact perpen¬ dicularity of the transit thread to the declination thread employed in orienting the micrometer. An investigation had previously been made, but it did not exhibit any decided error in the perpendicularity of the threads. Another very careful examination has recently been made, with the result that the inclination of the transit thread to the true meridian when the micrometer is oriented by means of the adopted fixed declination thread A is N. 0° 7' E. The moveable declination thread, which is never employed for orientation, is sensibly out of parallel with the adopted fixed declination thread, but bisections with this thread are always made close to the position or transit thread. The Minor Planet Pallas.—In consequence of the low altitude of the planet at Greenwich, Konigsberg, Hamburg, and other places where the minor planets are systematically observed, a set of comparisons of this planet were obtained near its opposition, in November and December last, with the 8-inch equatorial and the Grubb filar-micrometer. The planet was observed on seventeen different nights, when 154 comparisons were obtained with the filar and ten with the square bar- micrometer. Excellent authorities are available for the places of the comparison stars, so that the deduced positions of the planet will doubtless compare favourably with places determined on the meridian. The reductions are considerably advanced. Comets.—Three comets were observed during the year. Comet A (Sawerthal), 1888, was observed on the mornings of Eebruary 28, 29, March 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 20, 29, 30, April 1, 2, 3. The observations comprise 215 measures, twelve of which were made with the Cooke filar-micrometer on the 4^-inch equatorial, and all the rest with the Grubb filar-micrometer on the 8-inch equatorial. Thirty-six comparison stars were employed, and the results, with [ 21 ] the usual parallax factors, have been published. The earliest Windsor position of the ,comet, resting on seven¬ teen excellent comparisons with well-determined stars, was selected by Herr Berberich of the Recheninstitut, Berlin, in conjunction with later European positions, for a determination of the elliptic elements. The comet cannot be identified with any known comet, and, tire period of revolution derived from the preliminary discus¬ sion is about 2370 years. Copies of Drs. Backlund and Scraphimoff's ephemeris of Encke's comet were received from St. Petersburg on June 29 and July 5. A search for the comet was made in the evening twilight on July 6, but without success. On the following evening pressing engagements prevented a search, but on the evening of the 8tli the comet was found with the 4^-inch equatorial almost exactly in the position assigned to it in the ephemeris. It presented the appearance of a bright, round, nebulous star, uniformly condensed, and about 1' in diameter. The comet rapidly becaine fainter and difficult of observation. Sixty-three square bar comparisons were obtained on July 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 18, 25, 26, 31, and August 1, those from July 8 to 18 with the 4^-inch, and the subsequent observations with the 8-inch equatorial. The results, with the adopted places of the fifteen comparison stars, and the usual parallax-factors, have already appeared in the Astronq- mische Naclirichten. Barnard's comet of September 2, 1888, was observed with the square bar-micrometer on the 8-inch equatorial on November 5, 10, 12, 13, 21, 22, 20, December 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 23, 24, 25, 26, 1888; also on January 2, 4, 5, 6 of the present year. The number of comparison stars is 21, and that of the comparisons 187. The resulting positions with the parallax-factors have been forwarded to the journal just mentioned, Eaye's comet was glimpsed with the 8-inch telescope on December 3, near the position assigned to' it by an extension of Dr. E. Lamp's ephemeris in No. 2861 of the Asironomische Naclirichten, but it was altogether too faint to be observed with the micrometer. Double Stars.—The following interesting southern double stars have been measured with the 8-inch equa- [ 22 ] torial, both in position-angle and distance, during tlie past year:— p Eridani, F Puppis, Lacaille 2640, 7 Piscis Yolantis, y Argus, h M32, h 4507, « Crucis, 5 Corvi, y Centauri, 7 Yirginis, Sydney new double stars Nos. 207 and 213, Lac 5632, Brisbane 4629-30, h 4634, h 4630, a Centauri, "• Lupi, Sydney new double stars Nos. 267, 282, and 287, h 2061, and 7 Coronse Australia. The reductions are completed, and the results, with others in previous years, will shortly be published. Variable Stars.—Comparisons have been made, both of v Argus and li Carinoe, with the neighbouring stars by means of the 3J-inch refractor. They are, how¬ ever, not so numerous as I could wish, in consequence of the multiplicity of my engagements. I have already announced in the Astronomische Nachrichten and the Observatory that a marked increase has taken place in the lustre of the former of these two remarkable stars. Sundry Observations.—Under this head are com¬ prised all the observations made during the year for the determination of the instrumental constants. Meteorological Observations. The usual 9h. a.m. observations have been kept up with great regularity during the year. They comprise observations of the barometer, maximum and minimum temperature of the air and of evaporation, maximum solar radiation, and minimum radiation on the grass, rainfall and evaporation, direction of the wind, and cloud extent, as in former years. The reduction of the obser¬ vations for 1886, 1887, and 1888 are nearly completed, and the results, with those of 1889, will be published in 1890. Since 1862, the rainfall results have been for¬ warded annually to the Government Astronomer for incorporation with similar results from the Government Meteorological Stations. Publications. Since the appearance of the History and Descrip¬ tion of the Observatory at the close of 1887 no publication has been issued directly from the Observatory. The following, however, is a list of the papers contributed by [ 23 ] the author to scientific societies and journals, and is intended to be a continuation of that published in the History and Description of the Observatory. Note on the Tail of the Comet 1865, I.:—Ast. NachBand CXVIL, No. 2808, p. 385.—This is an explanation of the author's, statements with reference to the apparent length of the tail, and also of the apparent inconsistency between his statements and those of Messrs. Moesta and Ellery respecting its curvature. Lalande 26481:—Observatory, Vol. X. p. 360.— This star is shown to have a considerable proper motion in right ascension and declination. 02 256;—Observatory, Vol. X.j?. 391:—Attention is here drawn to the phenomena attending the disappear¬ ance of this double star at the moon's dark limb on August 22, 1887, which tend to confirm the view that one or both of the components are variable. Observations oe the Phenomena oe Jupiter's Satellites in 1887:—Royal Ast. Society's Monthly Notices, Vol. XLYIII. p. 129.—These comprise a long series of observations with the 4|-inch and 8-inch equa¬ tor ials. Observations op r Corona Atjstralis :—Observa¬ tory, Vol. XI. p. 133.—These comprise measures in position-angle and distance of the components in 1887 with the 8-inch equatorial. Observations of Comet A (Sawerthal), 1888:— B.A.S. Monthly Notices, Vol. XLYIII. p. 312.—This paper contains the results of filar-micrometer observa¬ tions with the 8-inch equatorial on February 27, 28, March 2, 3, 4, 1888. On the Difference of Longitude between Mr. Tebbutt's Observatory, Windsor, N.S. Wales, and the Government Observatories at Sydney and Melbourne :—B.A.S. Monthly Notices, Vol. XLYIII. p. 313.—This is an abstract of the results from ex¬ changes of telegraphic signals with Sydney on May 28, 29, 30, 1885, June 8, July 7, 1887, and with Melbourne on June 13, 15, 23, August 15, 1887, and from trans¬ portations of a mean-time chronometer from Windsor to Sydney and back on May 13, 20, June 3, July 8, 20, [ 2-1 ] November 24, December 14, 1887. The resulting differences are:— m. s. Sydney—"Windsor, from telegraphic signals .. .. 1 29.39 Windsbr—Melbourne, from telegraphic signals .. .. 23 25.87 Sydney—Windsor, from transportations of the chronometer.. 1 29.49 It also contains tlie result of a trigonometrical connec¬ tion between the observatory transit pier and the north terminal of the Government base line near Richmond. This connection gives the difference Sydney—Windsor as 1m. 29.77s., and the geographical latitude of the pier as — 33° 36' 30.5", the seconds being 30.8", as derived directly from prime-vertical observations in 1881. OCCTJLTATIONS OF STARS AT WINDSOR IN 1887:— Ast. Nach., Band CXIX. No. 2837, p. 77.—This paper contains the times of the disappearances of twenty-three stars at the moon's dark limb, observed with the 4| and 8-inch equatorials. Observations or Comet A (Sawerthal), 1888 :— Ast. Nach., Band CXIX. No. 2835, p. 41, No. 2838, p. 89, and No. 2843, p. 169, and M.A.S. Monthly Notices, Vol. XLYIII. p. 376.—See Heport, p. 18. Observation or the Occtjltation or Venus by the Moon, 1888, March 9:—M.A.S. Monthly Notices, Vol. XLYIII. p. 340.—See Report, p. 17. Observations of Juno and Vesta at the Opposi¬ tions of 1887 :—Ast. Nach., Band CXIX. No. 2842, p. 157.—This paper contains the results of filar-micrometer comparisons with the 8-inch equatorial of Juno on October 14, 15, 16, 1887, and Vesta on March 25, April 2, 9, 10, 19, 21, 27, 28, May 1, 1887. The geocentric apparent places are given, with the adopted mean places of the comparison stars and the reductions to the apparent places. . i Argus and W.B. XIII. 595Observatory, Vol. XI., p. 299.—This communication notifies an increase of half a magnitude in the light of n Argus between April, 1887, and May, 1888, and an error in Bessel's place of the latter star. Increase in the Light of v Argus :—Ast. Nach., Band CXIX. No. 2849, p. 269.—This communication [ 25 ] conveys the same information respecting this star as that contained in the paper last cited. Discovert op Encke's Comet :—Ast. Nach., Band CXIX. No. 2854, p. 349, and Observatory, Vol. XL, p. 338.—This is a notification of the comet's discovery on July 8,1888, with its approximate position. See Report. Observation of the Occultation of Lalande 28923 by Jupiter in 1888, June 10:—Ast. Nach., Band CXIX. No. 2856, p. 377.—See Report. The star is identical with 47 Librae. Observation of the Occultation of Saturn by the Moon, 1888, June 13:—B.A.S. Monthly Notices, Vol. XLVIII.,^.396.—The disappearances only of Saturn and Titan were observed with the 4 |-incli equatorial. Results of Filar-Micrometer Comparisons of Jupiter and P Scorpii in May, 1888 B.A. S. Monthly Notices, Vol. XLIX., p. 40.—See Report. Observations of Encke's Comet :—Ast. Nach., Band CXX. No. 2870, p. 219.—These were made in July and August, 1888. See Report. Comet Nomenclature :—Observatory, Vol. XI.436. Results of Observations of Comets YI. (Win- necke) and YII. (Einlay), 1886, at Windsor, N.S. Wales :—Journal and Broceedings of the Boyal Society of N.S. Wales, Vol. XXI., p. 159. Results of Observations of Comets I. (Sawer- tiial) and II. (Encke), 1888, at Windsor, N.S. Wales: — Journal and Broceedings of the Boyal Society of N.S. Wales, Vol. XXII., p. 284. The Library. The library has been further enriched by the contri¬ butions of scientific institutions and friends in various countries. The History and Description of the Obser¬ vatory contains an acknowledgment of all the presents received, from the establishment of the Observatory down to September 1, 1887. In a list at the close of this report will be found an acknowledgment of all presents received from that date to the close of 1888. Eor these expressions of sympathy with his work the author desires here to offer his warmest thanks. [ 26 ] Personal Establishment. From the foundation of the Observatory to the present time the astronomical observations have been made solely by the author himself. The same may be said of nearly the whole of the meteorological observa¬ tions. He has also to execute the greater and more difficult part of the reductions. The occasional services of an ordinary computer are required, but it has usually been found extremely difficult to get such assistance on the spot. This difficulty in getting the occasional assistance of a competent person in ordinary arithmetical calculation is remarkable, considering the circumstance that the town has for a long time been well supplied with educational facilities. During the Christmas vaca¬ tion considerable help was afforded by Miss M. Arnold of the Public School Department, Sydney. Mr. L. A. Parker, late of the local Commercial Bank, has also rendered able assistance. I have much pleasure in bearing testimony to their intelligence, quickness, and accuracy. These qualifications, as regards calculation by both natural and logarithmic numbers, are in the case of the former especially high. Proposed Work for the Year 1889. "Within the past few weeks a letter has been received from Professor Newcomb, of Washington, pointing out that he had been engaged for some time in discussing all the good observations of lunar occupations of stars since 1750 at observatories whose longitudes have been deter¬ mined by telegraph. This work has been interrupted, but in the course of four or five years he proposes to resume it, and to include the Windsor observations in his data. He expressed himself as particularly desirous of having as many occultations as possible from the southern hemisphere. It is, therefore intended to con¬ tinue the observations of lunar occultations during the year 1889. Observations of the phenomena of Jupiter's satellites will also be carried on as usual. Comets— more particularly those which cannot be seen from the northern hemisphere—will be observed, and occasional phenomena of an important character will also receive due attention. Lastly, the meteorological work, which [ 27 ] now extends over a period of twenty-six years, will be conthnied with all possible regularity. Observations Utilised Since 1887. It is very gratifying to find that in the recent publications, " Untersuchvingen iiber das Cometensystem 18431., 18801., and 1882II.," by Dr. Heinrich Kreutz, of Kiel, and "Die Balm des Periodischen Kometen Winnecke in den Jahren 1858-1886," by Dr. E. Freiherrn von Haerdtl of Innsbruck, the observations made at this observatory have been freely made use of. In the former work Windsor is acknowledged to have been the first station from which the great comet of 1882 was detected near the sun with the unassisted eye, and from which the announcement came that it was moving in an orbit resembling those of the great comets of 1843 and 1880, and that it would in all probability transit the sun's disc. Both these announcements were subsequently verified. The phenomenon of transit was invisible from New South Wales, but its commencement was actually witnessed at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. In the latter work the author draws attention to a small systematic difference subsisting between the declinations of Winnecke's comet as obtained at Windsor and those obtained at the Cape of Good Hope and Sydney. It is remarkable that the declinations obtained at Nashville, U.S.A., favour those at Windsor, and that at these two places the observations were made by means of a ring or a square-bar micrometer, while at the Cape and Sydney a filar-micrometer was employed. Had the comet always crossed either the north or the south side of the ring or square we should have some clue for finding the cause of the systematic difference, but under the actual condi¬ tions of observing the cause appears to defy discovery. Conclusion. It may be added that henceforth it is the author's intention to publish a brief annual report of the work done at the Observatory, and at its close to acknowledge the receipt of all publications which shall be presented to the library. JOHN TEBBUTT. [ 28 ] PEESENTS RECEIVED EOR THE LIBEAET PROM SEP- TEMBEE 1st, 1887, TO DECEMBEE 31ST, 1888. [Note.—The Names of the Donors are printed in Italics.] Results of Meteorological Observations in N.S. Wales during 1886. Sydney, 1888, pp. 192. Results of Rain, River, and Evaporation Observations in N.S. Wales during 1887. Sydney, 1888, pp. 98. 1 lie Government Astronomer for JW.S. Wales. Monthly Records of Results of Observations in Meteorology, Terres¬ trial Magnetism, &c., at tlie Melbourne Observatory, with Abstracts from various localities in Victoria. Monthy Parts from June, 1887, to July, 1888. The Government Astronomer for Victoria. Rainfall in South Australia and the Northern Territory. Monthly Returns for 1887, and for January, February, and March, 1888. The Government Astronomer for S. Australia. Weather Reports for Hobart. Sheets for August, October, and November, 1887, and for March, April, May, June, July, August, and October, 1888. Meteorological Report for 1887. The Government Meteorological Observer for Tasmania. Proceedings of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Greographical Society of Australasia. Vol. II., Part I., and Vol. II., Part II., pp. 12G. The Queensland Branch of the Geographical Society of Australasia. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, First Meet¬ ing, 1888. The Association. The Surveyor for July, August, September, October, and November, 1888. The Survey Club, Sydney. Transit of Venus, 1882. Report of the Committee appointed by the British Government, pp. 88. The Lords of the Treasury. Report on the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, for Juno 30, 1888, and the Edinburgh Equatorial. The Astronomer Boyal far Scotland. [ 29 ] Results of Astronomical and Meteorological Observations at RadclifHe Observatory for 1883, pp. 130, and for 1884, pp. 129. The Radcliffe Trustees. Meteorological Observations at Stations of the Second Order for 1883, pp. 218. Hourly Readings, 1884, Part IY., and 1885, Parts I., II., and III. Quarterly Weather Reports, October—December, 1878, January— March, April—June, July—September, 1879. Monthly Weather Reports, December 1886, and January, February, March, and April, 1887. Weekly Weather Reports, March 28, 1837, to May 7, 1888. Quarterly Summary of Weather Reports, July—September, and October—December, 1887. Appendices to Weekly Weather Reports: 1887. I., II., III., and IY. Report of the Meteorological Council to the Royal Society for the year ending March 31, 1887, pp. 130. The Meteorological Office, London. Report of the Kew Observatory for 1887, pp. 26. The Keio Observatory. Results of Meteorological and Magnetical Observations at Stonyhurst College Observatory for 1887, pp. 92. Observations of the Total Solar Eclipse of August 29, 1886, made at Corriacon. Rev. S. J. Perry, S.J., F.R.S. Meteorological Observations at Rousdon Observatory, 1887. by C. E. Peek, M.A. The Author. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1885, Part I., pp. 996, Part II., pp. 939. The Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Report of the U.S. Naval Observatory for the year endinc: June 30, 1887, pp. 17. The U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington. Publication of the Washburn Observatory, Yol. Y., 1886. Madison, 1887, pp. 262, with Appendix, pp. 23. The Washburn Observatory, U.S.A. Publication of the Lick Observatory, Yol. I., 1887. Sacramento, 1887, pp. 312. Trustees of the John Lick Trust. Publication of the Cincinnati Observatory (9). Zone Catalogue of 4050 Stars for 1885. Cincinnati, 1887, pp. 104. The Cincinnati Observatory, U.S.A. Publication of the Morrison Observatory. Glasgow, U.S.A., No. 1, pp. 111. 0 ' The JSIorrison Observatory, Glasgow, U.S.A. Report of the Superintendent of the Nautical Almanac for the year ending June 30, 1887. Washington, 1887, pp. 7. The Nautical Almanac Office, W^ashington. [30] Report of Yale College Observatory, 1886-7, pp. 15, 1887-8, pp. 16. Yale College Observatory, U.S.A. Annual Reports of Chicago Astronomical Society and of the Director of the Dearborn Observatory for 1885 and 1886, pp. 50. The Chicago Astronomical Society, U.S.A. 42nd Annual Report of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College, U.S.A., pp. 12. Henry Draper Memorial Reports of the Photographic Study of Stellar Spectra. No. 1, pp. 10. No. 2, pp. 8. With plates. Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Yol. XYIIL, comprising:— JSTo. 1. Magnitudes of Stars employed in various Nautical Alma¬ nacs, pp. 13. No. 2. Discussion of the Uranometria Oxoniensis, pp. 27. No. 3. Photometric Observations of Asteroids, by H. M. Park- hurst, pp. 72. No. 4. Total Eclipse of the Moon, January 28, 1888. With plate. No. 5. Total Eclipse of the Sun, August 29, 1886, by AY. H. Pickering, pp. 27. With plates. Harvard'College Observatory, U.S.A. On Elamsteed's Stars, " Observed, but not Existing," by Professor C. II. E. Peters, pp. 17. Corrigenda in Yarious Star Catalogues, by Professor C. H. E. Peters, pp. 13. The Author. The Sidereal Messenger, December, 1887, pp. 40. On the Progress of Science, as exemplified in the Art of Weighing and Measuring, by W. Barkness, pp. 48. On the Colour Correction of Achromatic Telescopes, by W. Harkness, PP-8* Refraction in the Principal Meridians of a Triaxial Ellipsoid, &c., by S. M. Burnett, M.D., with a communication on the Mono¬ chromatic Aberration of the Human Eye in Aphakia, by Professor W. Harkness, pp. 21. Professor W. Harkness, U.S.A. Isochromatic Photography, by E. E. Ives, pp. 5, with plate. A Lecture on " Matter," including u Radiant Matter," by A. E. Outerbridge, Junr., pp. 11. On the Eritts, Selenium Cells and Batteries, by C. E. Eritts, pp. 12. Transportation Eacilities of the Past and Present, by W. B. Le Yan, PP- 11- On the Modifications of Tensile Strength and Ductility which Iron and Steel undergo when heated between certain temperatures, by E. Cornut. Transl., pp. 10. A Simple Eorm of Draught Gauge, by Professor J. B. Webb, pp. 3. A General Differential Equation in the Theory of the Deformation of Surfaces, by T. Craig. Philadelphia, 1871), pp. 8. On the Illumination of Maritime Coasts, by E. A. Gieseler, C.E., pp. 21. [ 81 ] Eainfall and Water Supply, by J. Birkinbine, pp. 21. Transylvania State Weather Service. Summary for September, October, and November, 1887. Some Principles and Eesults of Harmonic Motion, by P. E. Chase, LL.D., pp. 8. Further experiments in Weather Forecast, by P. E. Chase, LL.D., pp. 2. Modern Eailroad Facilities, by W. B. Le Yan, pp. 13. The Franlclin Institute, Philadelphia, U.S.A. Eeports of the Meteorological Service of the Dominion of Canada, 188-1, 1885. Monthly Weather Beview of the same, January to August, 1888. Toronto General Meteorological Begister for 1887. The Meteorological Office, Toronto. Anuario del Observatorio de la Plata, 1888, pp. 551. The Observatory, La Plata. Bevista do Observatorio, Junho, Outoubro, Dezembro, 1887, Marco, April, Agosto, 1888. Annuario pub. Imp. Obs. do Bio de Janeiro, 1885, pp. 247, 1886, pp. 307, 1887, pp. 387. The Imperial Observatory, Hio de Janeiro. Anuario del Obs. Ast. Nacional de Tacubaya, 1888. Mexico, 1887, pp. 299. Longitud del Obs. Ast. Nacional Mexicano. Mexico, 1886, pp. 88. The Observatory, Tacubaya. Annales de TObservatoire de Nice. Tome II., Paris, 1887, pp. 431, with map and plates. .S. Bischoffsheim, Paris. Sur Quelques Points d'Astronomic et de Magnetisme Terrestre, par Prof. Ch. Andre. Lyon, 1888, pp. 19. The Author. Sur I'Aspect Physique de la Planete Mars pendant I'opposition de 1888, par L. Niesten. Bruxelles, 1888, pp. 12, with plates. The Author. Met. und Mag. Beobachtungen, am Hydrog. Amte der K. K Kriegsmarine zu Pola. Juni, 1887, to September, 1888, and Jahrsubersicht, 1887. Hydrog. Amte zu Pola. Mot. und Mag. Beobachtungen, Hohe Warte, bei Wien, Marz, 1887, to Juni, 1888. Hohe Warte, bei Wien. Christiania—Zonenbeobachtungen der Sterne Zwischen 64° 50' und 70° 110' nord declination. Fearnley and Geelmuyden, Christiania, 1888, pp. 318. The Observatory, Christiania. [ 32 ] Zusammonstollung der Cometen-Erscheinungen dcs Jahres, 1887, pp. 20, von Dr. II. Kreutz. Bericlit iiber Cometen, von II. Kreutz, pp. 5. The Author. Privat-beobachtungen der Kegenstation, Alswig., 1886, von Professor K. Weihraucli. Dorpat, 1887, pp. 7. Neue Untersucliungen liber die Bessel'sche Formel und deren Yerwendung in der Meteorologie, yon Dr. K. "Weihrauch. Dorpat, 1888, pp. 46. The Author. Angenaerlite Elemente und Epliemeride des Encke'schen Cometen fiir das Jahr 1888, von 0. Backlund und B. Seraphimoft', pp. 6 (two copies). The Authors. Dorpat Met, Beobachtungen fiir Eebruar—December, 1887, and Janner—April, 1888. Bericht die Ergebnisse, &c., 1886. The Meteorological Observatory, Dorpat. Himmel und Erde, October, 1888. The Editor. Celestial Motions, by "W. T. Lynn, B.A., &c. London, 1887, fifth edition, pp. 96. The Author. The Positions for 1750 and Proper Motions of 154i Stars south of — 29° of declination, by A. M. "W. Downing, M.A. Beprint, pp. 13. The Author. On the Double Star 2 1847, by J. E. Gore. Eeprmt, p. 1. On the Orbit of p Eridani, by J. E. Gore. Beprint, pp. 2. On the Orbit of the Binary Star 0, Struve 234, by J. E. Gore, M.R.I.A., &c. Beprint, pp. 2. The Author. Ephemeris of the Satellites of Saturn and Neptune, 1887-88, by A. Marth, Beprint, pp. 21. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of Jupiter, 1888, by A. Martb. Beprint, pp. 10. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of Mars, 1888, by A. Martb. Beprint, pp. 7. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of the Moon, April to end of 1888, by A. Marth. Beprint, pp. 10. The Author. Catalogue of Yariable Stars, 1888, by S. C. Chandler, pp. 14. The Author. Historical Sketches of Oliver Evans, Inventor and Mechanic, by Bev. G. A. Latimer. Philadelphia, U.S.A. The Author. [ 33 ] a Centauri, with a Graphic Projection of its Orbit, &c., by A. B. Biggs, pp. 4. The Comets of February, 1888, and January, 1887, by A. B. Biggs, pp. 2. The Author. Teaching of Geography in the Schools, by J. P. Thomson, M.A., &c., pp. 15. The Author. Notes on a Model showing one Form of Serpentine Progression, with diagram, by L. llargrave. Reprint, pp. 2. Autographic Instruments used in the Development of Flying Machines, with diagrams, by L. Hargrave. Beprint, pp. 4. The Author. Light Phenomena of the Atmosphere, by A. M. Cameron, pp. 13. The Author. Astronomical Bevelations. Anonymous. w^oeWeis. ETC. s %oj\ nation. (Xwkes) ' j)' >' |"',r^V^-. R E PO RT .,....,,.. .„■ ^"' ■. E.,, "■ • -- i- .iU'ili J r- i? r- . . MR. TEBBDTT'S OBSERVATORY, THE PENINSDLA, WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES, FOR THE YEAR 1889, BY JOHN TEBBUTT, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, and Corresponding Member of the Ethnographic Institute, Paris, and of the Qneensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. t [ ► Syclncy : GEO MURRAY & CO., PRINTERS, 91 CLARENCE STREET 1890. yhna^ />a' i) REPORT OF IR. TEBBDTT'S OBSERVATORY, THE PENINSULA, WINDSOR, NEW SOOTH WALES, FOR THK YEAR 1889, BY JOHN TEBBUTT, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, and Corresponding Member of the Ethnographic Institute, Paris, and of the Qneensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. clytincy: GEO. MURRAY & CO., PRINTERS, 91 CLARENCE STREET 1890. CONTENTS. PAGE. Buildings and Instruments 5 Geographical Position of the Observatory 6 Meridian "Work 6 Instrumental Errors and Chronometer Errors and Hates 10 Extra-Meridian Work 17 Meteorological Observations 18 Publications 19 The Library 20 Personal Establishment 20 Proposed "Work for the Year 1890 20 Observations Utilised since the last Eeport 21 Presents received for the Library during 1889 22 REPORT OF THE WINDSOR OBSERVATORY F'ot 188©. ❖ I have much pleasure in presenting to my readers a report of the work at my Observatory during the year 1889. This will be done under various heads, as follow:— Buildings and Instruments. No addition has been made either to the buildings or to the instruments since the report for 1888. A com¬ plete description of both will be found in the " History and Description of Mr. Tebbutt's Observatory, Windsor, New South "Wales." A general notion of the buildings can be formed from the frontispiece of the publication just referred to. It will be sufficient to state that the principal instruments are a 3-inch transit instrument, by Cooke and Sons of York; a sidereal and a mean¬ time chronometer, by Parkinson and Frodsham and by Poole, respectively; an 8-inch equatorial refractor, by Grubb of Dublin; a 4|-inch equatorial refractor, by Cooke and Sons; and a 3j-inch refractor, by Jones. [6] Geographical Position of the Observatory. No further inyestigation has been made either of the longitude or of the latitude. These co-ordinates are therefore adopted as = lOh. 3m. 20.51s. E. of Greenwich, and = — 33° 36' 30".8. (See pages 6 and 7 of the Report for 1888.) Meridian Work. This lias been done throughout with the 3-inch transit instrument, in connection with sidereal chrono¬ meter (Parkinson and Frodsham) No. 1042. The transit system consists of five wires, designated A, B, C, D, and E, in the order of transit above the pole when the clamp is easit. The equatorial distances in sidereal time of the four outer wires from the middle wire, determined from all the transits of circumpolar stars in 1887, were:—A + 19.492s. B + 9.782s. D-10.001s. E-19.656s. These values were employed throughout the year 1888. A new determina¬ tion was made from all the transits of circumpolar stars in 1888, with the following results:—A + 19.518s. B +9.804s. D-10.003s. E-19.627s. These values were employed from the beginning of 1889 till May 18, when an accident happened to the system, and a new set of wires was substituted by Mr. "VYiesener, of Sydney. Observations with this new system commenced on May 21, and on May 29 provisional values for the equatorial distances were obtained from the transits of twenty-nine circumpolar stars, as follows :—A + 20.084s. B +10.479s. D-9.470s. E-19.070s., the reduction for an equatorial star to the middle wire when all the wires were observed being + 0.405s. These values were employed in the reductions from May 21 to the close of 1889. A subsequent determination from ninety-seven transits of circumpolar stars, between May 21 and December 31, 1889, gave the following results:— A + 20.057s. B + 10.465s. D - 9.458s. E - 19.055s. These will be employed during the year 1890. The reductions during 1889 for complete observations of stars out of the equator have been taken from a MS. table having for its argument the star's declination. For incomplete m transits the reduction for an equatorial star has also been taken from a MS. table giving the algebraic means of the observed wires, and for other stars this quantity has been multiplied by the secant of the star's declina¬ tion. The observations have all been made by the eye and ear method. The level and azimuth errors of the transit instrument have been as steady as could be expected considering the smallness of the instrument and the foundation of its pier, which consists of strata of clay and loam. The level employed is a striding one of about 1130 feet radius, each division being equal to 0.8'. The inclination was determined once at least on each evening of observation by four readings of each extremity of the bubble, the level being twice reversed during the operation. On some occasions, and always when the transit instrument was reversed, two or more sets of readings were taken. When the western pivot was the higher the level error was regarded as positive. The collimation error was determined at intervals of a few days by comparing the middle wire in both positions of the axis of rotation with the corresponding wire of a two-inch transit instrument on a pier a little north of the transit-room. These comparisons were always made near the horizontal wires. As there is no micrometer in connection with the transit system the distance of the middle wire from that of the collimator was estimated for each position of the axis of rotation in terms of the diameter of one of the middle wires. The middle wire of the 3-inch instrument was employed as the standard from the beginning of the year till the accident hap¬ pened to the wires, and subsequently the middle wire of the collimator was adopted. Half the total displacement reduced to seconds of arc from the known diameter of the standard wire was regarded as the collimation error. When the axis of collimation lies between wires C and D the error of collimation of wire C is always regarded as positive. With four exceptions, this has been the case throughout the year 1889, and the corrections for the upper transit have therefore been + or -, according as the clamp was east or west. On every occasion when the instrument was reversed star transits were observed [8] in both positions of the rotation axis, and, by allowing for chronometer rate, it has been found that the estimations for collimation error were quite as reliable as the results which might be obtained by the application of the micrometer to so small an instrument. The collimation errors for dates between those on which the reversals were made are simply interpolated or assumed. The azimuth error has been determined either from opposite culminations of P Hydri and P Chamseleontis, from con¬ tacts and bi-sections of & Octantis at the middle wire and an approximate chronometer correction, or from transits of a star in high south declination found in the lists of the Greenwich Nautical Almanac or the American Ephemeris, and one near the equator. In the deter¬ minations of azimuth the help afforded by the star list of the latter publication has been invaluable. When the western pivot is too far north the azimuth error is regarded as positive; but it may be remarked that during the latter portion of 1887 and throughout 1888 and 1889 it was invariably too far south. The values of the azimuth for intermediate dates, when no azimuth stars could be observed, have been interpolated or assumed, and on these occasions stars as near the zenith as possible were observed for time. Very carefully con¬ structed MS. tables have been employed for the reduc¬ tions for level, collimation, and azimuth. For all stars north of the zenith a table has been used whose arguments are each degree of declination from - 33° to + 56°, and the values of the level, collimation, and azimuth errors for every second of arc from 1 to 15. The stars for time determinations, irrespective of the azimuth stars, have been taken from those with a declination less than 40° in the Clock Star Lists of the Greenwich Nautical Almanac and the American Ephemeris. The apparent right ascensions of both clock and azimuth stars have been corrected for daily aberration, but no systematic corrections for equinox have been applied. Where the stars have been found in both publications the right ascensions of the former have been adopted. It may here be added that all time observations out of the meridian in connection with lunar occultations, [9] phenomena of Jupiter's satellites, comets, etc., have been made with the sidereal chronometer (Parkinson and Frodsham), whose corrected indications are con¬ verted into local mean time by employing the sidereal time at Greenwich mean noon of the Nautical Almanac, corrected by the quantity-1m. 39.12s. These conver¬ sions have been checked by the use of the mean time of the preceding transit of the First Point of Aries corrected by the quantity + Im. 38.84s. In the following table will be found a statement of the errors of the transit instrument and the errors and rates of the sidereal chronometer for the year 1889. The instrumental errors in square brackets are simply interpolated or assumed. [ 10;] •dncur) jo UTjaj^ qv (M CM CM CM ^ CM Cvl CM CM CM CM CM CM Ol ^4 CM C^l C4 CM O] CM pa^Jopy ® odddddddooddddddoddoododd •lUAja^ui Suxpaoajj i^^OOr-«OCCCMOOCrHOt^COOCCOOClrf Chronometer E r—ir—IrHr-lr-t^Hr—(r—(!—Ir—It—ICMCMCMdCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM Mean o f G roup. -oiioaqo "^CM^CMCOCOCM^COO COrHlOCMr-H^^^li>OOCMG0CM Error. ^ WSrtK W W g Ig • * ^ ^ ^ O go g .^r.^r —r •§ CM -5 CM S3 Jgggggsl sj £ Stars E mployed f or A zimuth HH M H H H H E-t EH O o cS ^ i—ii—i i—i i—i i i i—i i—ii ir ■ ii i i—i i—I ^oo^)^x>qocoiqf-HCM^ocMptQ^vocooqo^cMOOt>qlO ZD Ot>Or—lOOOrH-^ OCM 00 3 " O CM O 00 ^ CO ^ d CO CO* CO CO CO CO 10 lO O CO CO CO O rji CO CO *Na < i mill 1 1 1.I.I.I.I.I.I.I.M.I.1 i^Lii co^jj^Ciqopr-JCMco^HoqoqoqoqoqorHt^ooppoqiooqi—ii—ii—i r--i i—ii—ir -ii—i i ii ii i i—ii ii ii i i ii i i— i t cm cm cm* cm c6 r—I d d d d d d d d d d r-i«-? cm cm" co" d d rH co co ++++++ ++++++++++++++ ++++ Collimation. Instrumental E rrors. r-j CO rH rH p 00 O 00 rH *0 TfJ *0 p O VO CM O O O CO CM O i> O - ci CM* CO ^ ^ d CO 00 00 t> 1> d drH diH rH CM*rH »HCM iHCO »HCM* rH diH r-(d Level. M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Clamp, E. o r W . •s^isuuij, .1T!;S JO 'Otf ^OCOCOO-^OOOIOVOOOCMCOCMOOCOCOCMCOOOOIOOCMrH rHCM^IOO00OOrHCM00t>CMC0l000C5O00C5OrHCMC0^O • rH tH rH rH iH CM CM CM CM CM CO rH rH rH rH rH rH 00a Day. rHrt ------ Mean S olar 1—5 PH f [11] y •dnoJ9 CO O CO CO CO ^ CO CO jo oco oo ^cocococo r-n ^ 06 go I ill I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Ml P p CO CO r? P rH CO r? LO r? O 10 p 00 p 10 vo 10 t? CO co" CO* CM CM* CM rH O O OddrHrH rH rH rH rH + + 4- + + + + + + + ++ ++ + + + + + + + + *0 CM CM ^ 00 P 00 10 rf< P 00 rH rH ^ 00 O rH CM *0 CM rH O CO rH CO*rH r-HTji rHT? CMrH rHlO rHiO rHiri rHr? rHTji rHCO drH co' COCM 00 00* 00rH rH* CM*rH O*rH CO* ^ O t?" Mill I Mill I MMMM+ + + + ria Ok N ££££& sj N H •S^TSUTJJX J^S JO -OH ^CO^CO^ l> V01>*00^ \0 O lOC0C01>C0 CO CO CM < 00 rH CM 00 ^ CO \o CO l> 00 COO^rHCMCMCMCM rtfi SrO© ~5 5. R -S <3g ^ - E - S- -- [12] dncut) T*H (M CM r-i o CM O CC r- r- rt CC M C1 CO O T? r-1 CM CM jo utsaj^n • 00 o oo 10 Tfj^corHOco^t^ 00 cooooq co x> 00 o ci rH d d d d d d d d d d d d odd cm' cm" cm d d + + + + + + 4" + + + + + 4* + + + + + + + + —ii 1 1 ii 11 1 CM O CO rH rH CO CM CM c^i OrH rHCO d + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + •M fe P? ^£ ^ £££ ^ W S fel « •S^ISTTCJJ, JTJJS jo 'OM CO CO CO t> ^T^^COt^OrrlCO CO xo O CO 00 CM O urt rH rH O O . ^ a rH0 rH CM 00 i-O l>» O OrH CMr—( rH^ rHCO rH00 CM CM CM e? 03_, rt>* 'u ~ ~ „ 1 3 „ 2 9 1889. 1 CjP » 3 0 1-1O P* - - 6» a s s s = s a O •dtioao rH UO O ' ^ CM CM CM CM O O 05 CM ^ rfJrfjiOlOOOOCO CM CM CM rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH CM CM* CM CM CM CM CM CM* CM* CM* .+ + + + + +4- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ^ ^ q i> co rH co q co co c: rH q i-h o cm o 10 r? o o . co co r? ^ ^ uo id id id d d id cd d. d id d d id id d id + + ++ -f* + + + + + + 4'++ +4" + + + 4- + + Bu a o' P WNb-'bl^b: p H W.pq W W H p4 •s^isuujj, JTJ^S JO -OH IOX>0 CO O OCOOlOOrHCOCOrH x> CMCMlOCMCMC0t>C0. CM CO lO t> 00 O C2 O rH CO CO X> CO O rH CMCO^UOOOOO Ci rHrHrHrHrHrHCM CM CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCO rndpoo z:© - - - ^ .p " ~ " ------[14] •dnojQ JO UTJajtf • ^CiOOl>001>C5C500rH r-J r-j r—I t-H rH rH rH »-H r—I00l>00G000C5C5Xt>OnH—lOCiOOO. r—I rH rH •—* i-H r—A r—( r—( r—I d r—( •—i r—I rH a^H^ianoH pa^dopy ®dddddddoddodooddddddddoc>dd •tTJAja^nj Suipaoaaj . rHOJOOOOOOt^OOt^QO-t^OX^OOOOOOiOCOOC^CSOOOOOc: O O GO O o O cq X-t) CVJ GO O O CO O 0 GO ^ ui iii'no ® C^i— ]l 11 iC5— iiCO— i O i(M— it>—i i00— i ^ i—iilO— i CD i—lO |irH— i o i^— ii-r>— iirH— iiLO— iic:— i O rT"!'rH O~> ^ '(N rH .' ^ rH rH ^H rH oi rH d d d d d d d d d rH rH rH (M* (M ci rH rH rH rH + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -f + + + + + + + + + + ^ (N O vq CO C5 00 o O 00 CD CO tn !> CO O 00 CO rH Cl l> 00 q Cl .dt>t>t>X>o6o6dddrHrHCOT}icO*COCO*c6cOCOCOCO^^CDO rH »—(rHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHi—IrHrH + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + . . W -r-i a9 oj- 5m- 1 : ir^S JO -OM (M'^tOOC"l*OOOlOlOC^^f •dnoj£) xo 10 £* O O ^ CO 10 ^ O O (M jo urajtf — (M rf) O CM CO (MCO CM CO : (M I 1 r II ii ii i o q q q q q • q ir-jrHcMqrHCMqoqajqqtHqor-jqqcM II II—i i ii i i—II—i i—II—i i—II—i i— i rH rH rH rH oqcMqqco^q^oq^fjTfjrHTfjoq^coqoqoqwTHcoot^cMrH t uorH rH rH 00rH 00rH rH00 iHcS CM rH rH rH ^ O \6 CO ^ ^ rp ^ \o lO lO CO d CD CD + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + & Brt Ou •s^sinjjx jo -o^ CMCOCO-^COrH CD COiO-?X>CO^GO^rHOOCO»HX>OOCD^CDCO O b- 00 C5 CO CO TH (M CM COOrHCMCO^OOOCOiOt^OOCiOt^OrHCO^ CM CM (M (M rHCMCMCO rH rH •§d o OPh - O - 62 comparisons and 14 comparison stars ; and Comet Y. (Brooks, July 6), 1889, on October 25, 28, embracing 10 comparisons and 3 comparison stars. These observations have been all reduced and sent to the Astronomische Nachrichten. Brorsen's periodical comet was carefully searched for, with the help of Dr. E. Lamp's ephemeris, on December 21, 25, 1889, and again on January 18, 20, 22, 1890, but without success. It may be remarked that on the last three occasions its apparent brilliancy was given by Dr. Lamp as 0.86 to 1.05; whereas when the comet was observed with the 44-inch equatorial at Windsor on February 26, 1879, its theoretical brilliancy was only 0.62. The ephemeris must either be greatly in error, or the comet has very much diminished in brilliancy since the last observed return. After January 22 the moon began to show in the west, so that it was useless to attempt a further search. Double Stars.—The well-known binaries, p Eridani and y Coronas Australis, were observed on several occa¬ sions. The measures of the latter star have been made at the request of Mr. Gore, of Ballisodare, Ireland, who is engaged in a re-calculation of the orbit. Variable Stars.—Comparisons have been made both of -o Argus and R Carinoe with the neighbouring stars by means of the SJ-inch refractor, and of the latter star with the naked eye also. The former star has not sensibly varied in its lustre since the announcement of its sudden increase of magnitude between April, 1887, and May, 1888. A very satisfactory determination of the maximum of the latter star was made in June, 1889. The period of this remarkable variable was given by the author as 312 days in R.A.S. Monthly Notices, vol xlvi., p. 487. Professor Chandler, of Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A., has since carefully discussed the recorded observations, and found the period to be 312.14 days, a result which agrees very closely with my own. Meteorological Observations. The usual 9h. a.m. observations have been kept up with great regularity during the year. They comprise observations of the barometer, maximum and minimum [19] temperature of the air and evaporation, maximum solar radiation, and minimum radiation on the grass, rainfall and evaporation, direction of the wind, and cloud extent, as in former years. The results for 1886, 1887, 1888, and 1889 will shortly be published. Since 1862 the rainfall results have been forwarded annually to the Government Astronomer for incorporation with similar results from the Government Meteorological Stations. Last year a self-registering tide-gauge was established on the South Creek in the meridian of the Observatory, and the times and heights of upwards of six hundred tides were duly recorded. Publications. The following is a list of the papers published by the author in journals and transactions of scientific societies since the report for 1888 : — Observations of the Phenomena op Jupiter's Satellites at "Windsor, N. S. "Wales in the Year 1888.—R.A.S. Monthly Notices, vol. xlix., p. 329. (See Report for 1888, p. 19.) Lunar Occultations op Stars Observed at Windsor, N. S. Wales in 1888.—Ast. Nachrichten, Band cxxi., No. 2887, p. 103. (See Report for 1888, p. 19.) Mean Places op Stars Compared with Comet 1886, II. (Barnard).—Ast. Nach., Band cxxi., No. 2889, p. 139. This paper contains the places for 1889,0 of three stars determined and kindly communicated by the Government Astronomer for Victoria. They were deter¬ mined at the request of Pfarrer A. Thraen, of Dingelstadt, who is engaged in a definitive investigation of the orbit of the comet. Observations op Comet 1889, I. (Barnard, 1888, Sept. 2), at Windsor, N. S. Wales, with the 8-incii Equatorial and Square Bar - Micrometer.—Ast. Nach., Band cxxi., No. 2894-, p. 221. (See Reports for 1888 and 1889, pp. 21 and 17 respectively. On the High Tides op June 15-17,1889.—Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of N.S. Wales, vol. xxiii., p 51. [ 20 ] Observations of Comet 1889 (Davidson), with the 8-iNcn Equatorial op the Windsor Observatory and Square Bar-Micrometer.—Ast. Nach, Band cxxii., No. 2924i, p. 349. These comprise observations made on the first two days only, namely, 1889—July 23, 24. Further Observations of Comet 1889, I., at Windsor, N.S. Wales.—Ast. Nach., Band cxxiii., No. 2934, p. 89, (See page 17 of this Report.) Results of Double-Star Measures at Windsor, N.S. Wales, in 1886,1887, and 1888.—R.A.S. Monthly Notices, vol. L., p. 23. These comprise measures both in position-angle and distance of forty-six southern stars. a Centauri was observed with the 4^-inch equatorial on two occasions. All the other observations were made with the 8-inch instrument. Among the data given are the hour angles between which the measures were taken. The Library. In a list at the close of this report will be found an acknowledgment of all presents received during the year 1889. For these expressions of sympathy with his work the author desires again to offer his warmest thanks. Personal Establishment. From the foundation of the Observatory to the present time the astronomical observations have been made solely by the author himself. , The same may be said of nearly the whole of the meteorological observa¬ tions. He has also to execute the greater and more difficult part of the reductions. The occasional services of an ordinary computer are required, but it has usually been found extremely difficult to get such assistance on the spot. During the Christmas vacation considerable help was alforded by Miss M. Arnold, of the Public School Department, Sydney, whose intelligence, quick¬ ness and accuracy have been thoroughly tested. Check calculations have always been applied when required. Proposed Work for the Year 1890. In consequence of his close application to work during the past few years the author finds it necessary [ 21 ] to secure partial rest. It is proposed, therefore, to observe only occultations of stars by the moon and the positions of southern comets, and to continue the meteor¬ ological work as usual. Observations Utilised since the last Keport. The observations of comet 1884, II. (Barnard), made at Windsor in that year, and those published by eighteen other observatories, have been fully made use of by Herr A. Berberich, of the Recheninstitut, Berlin, in his elaborate paper, " Bahnbestimmung des periodischen Cometen, 1884, II. (Barnard)," in Ast. Nachrichten, Band cxxiii., Nos. 2988, 2939, p. 145. The Windsor observations were made with the 4|-inch equatorial, and have turned out well. The comet proves to have a period of only 1972 days. [22] PItESENTS EECEIVED FOE THE LIBEAEY DUEING THE TEAE 1889. [Note.—The Names of the Donors are printed in Italics.] The Source of the Underground Water in the Western Districts, by H. 0. Kussell, E.E.S., &c., pp. 7. Eesults of Rain, Eiver and Evaporation Observations in N. S. Wales during 1888, by H. C. Russell, F.R.S., &c., pp. 144, with maps. Two copies. The Thunderstorm of October 26, 1888, by H. 0. Russell, E.R.S., &c., pp. 2. The Storm of September 21, 1888, by H. C. Russell, P.R.S., &c., pp. 3. On a New Self-Recording Thermometer, by H; C. Russell, E.R.S.. &c., with diagram, pp. 3. Results of Meteorological Observations in N. S. Wales, 1887, by H. C. Russell, F.R.S., &c., pp. 285, with diagrams. Proposed Method of Recording Variations in the Direction of the . Yertical, by EL C. Russell, F.R.S., &c., pp. 3. Astronomical and Meteorological Workers in ]N. S. Wales, 1778-1860, by H. C. Russell, P.R.S., &c., pp. 49. President's Address at the Pirst Meeting of the Australasian Associa¬ tion for the Advancement of Science, by H. C. Russell, P.R.S., &c., pp. 21. The Government Astronomer for N. 8. Wales. Monthly Records of Results of Observations in Meteorology, Terrestrial Magnetism, &c , at the Melbourne Observatory, with Abstracts from Various Local ties in Victoria. Monthly parts from August, 1888, to September, 1889. Results of Astronomical Observations at the Melbourne Observatory in 1881, 1882, 1883 and 1884, by R. L. J. Ellery, P.R.S., &c., pp. 131. The Government Astronomer for Victoria. Rainfall Returns for South Australia, in monthly parts, April, 1888, to September, 1889. The Government Astronomer for South Australia. Weather Reports for Hobart, Tasmania. Monthly sheets, from Novem¬ ber, 1888, to November, 1889, Pebruary missing. Rainfall Map, 1888, for Tasmania. Meteorological Observations at Hobart and other Places in Tasmania in 1888. The Government Meteorological Observer for Tasmania. [ 23 ] Proceedings and Transactions of the Queensland Branch of the l{o}ral Geographical Society of Australasia. 1887-88—Vol. III., Part II., pp. 123; 1889—Vol. IV., pp. 85 : 1889-90—Vol. V., Part L, pp. 42, with maps. Queensland Branch of the Royal Geog. Society of Australasia. Observations of Comet of July and August, 1889, at Launceston, Tasmania, by A. B. Biggs, p. 1. Recent Measures of a Centauri, by A. B. Biggs, p. 1. A New Dark-Field Micrometer for Double Star Measurement, with diagrams, by A. B. Biggs, pp. 4. On Some Tide Observations at Hobart during February and March, 1889, by A. Mault, pp. 4. The Royal Society of Tasmania The Surveyor. Monthly parts, February to December, 1889. The Survey Glub, Sydney. Meteorological Observations at Stations of the Second Order for 1884, pp. 232 ; and 1885, pp. 232. Hourly Eeadings, 1885, Part IV., October—December; and 1886, four parts. Eeport of the Meteorological Council of the Eoyal Society for the Year ending March 31, 1888, pp. 151. Eeport of the Fourth Meeting of the International Meteorological Committee, Zurich, September, 1888. Quarterly Weather Eeport, Part IV., October—December, 1879. Weekly Weather Eeports, May 14, 1888, to September 2, 1889, com¬ plete, with Summaries. The Meteorological Office, London. Eeport of the Kew Observatory for the year ending October 31,1888. The K.ew Observatory. Eesults of Astronomical and Meteorological Observations at Eadcliife Observatory for 1885, pp. 129. The Radcliffe Trustees. Eesults of Meteorological and Magnetic Observations at Stonyhurst College Observatory, by Eev. S. J. Perry, S. J., F.E.S., &c. 1887. pp. 92 ; 1888, pp. 97. Rev. S. J. Perry, S.J, F.R S., Sfc. Eeport of the Eousdon Observatory, Lyme Eegis, for 1888. Sheet. Meteorological Observations at Eousdon Observatory, Devon, for 1888, pp. 19. G. E. Reek, M.A , Sfc. Eeport of the U. S. Naval Observatory, Washington, for the year ending June 30, 1888. The U.S.N. Observatory, Washington. The American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac for 1889, pp. 52G : 1890, pp. 530; and 1891, pp. 524. Astronomical Papers for the Use of the American Ephemeris, by S. Newcomb, Ph. D., &c., Vol. I., pp. 487. Office of the American Ephemeris, Washington. [ 24 ] The Williams College Catalogue of North Polar Stari?, E.As. for 1885*0, by T. H. Safford, Ph. D., pp. 57. Williams College Observatory, U.S.A. Eeport of Yale University Observatory for 1888-89. The Observatory, Yale University, U.S.A. Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol. XVIIL, No. VI. Detection of New Nebulae by Photography, pp. 5. Harvard College Observatory, U.S.A. Monthly "Weather Review, Meteorological Service of the Dominion of Canada, September, 1888, to August, 1889 Toronto Greneral Meteorological Eegister for 1888. The Meteorological Office, Toronto. Anuario del Observatorio Astronomico Nacional de Tacubaya, 1889. pp. 377. The Observatory, Tacubaya. Annales de I'Observatoire Imperial de Eio de Janeiro, Tome III. Eevista do Imperial Observatorio do Eio de Janeiro, Jan., Pev., Mar., Junho, Julho, and Agosto, 1889. The Imperial Observatory, Rio de Janeiro. Anuario del Observatorio de la Plata, 1889, pp. 541. The Observatory, La Plata. La Periode Solaire, les Essaims d'Etoiles Pilantes et les Perturbations Magnetiques, par Ch. v. Zenger, pp. 6. Mag. und Met. Beobachtungen an der k. k. Sternwarte zu Prag in 1888, pp. 65. Observatoire Astrophysique, "Prague. Met. und Mag. Beobachtungen zu Pola, November, 1888, to September, 1889—Juli missing. Hydrographischen Amte zu Pola. Dorpat Meteorologischen Beobachtungen, Mai, 1888, to Dec., 1888. Bericht iiberdie Ergebnisse der Beobachtungen au den Eegenstationen fiir 1887, pp. 14. The Meteorological Observatory, Dorpat. Annales de TObservatoire de Tachent. Tome II., in Eusaian text. The Observatory, Tachent. Beobachtungen au der Centralanstalt fiir Meteorologie, &c., Hohe Warte, bei Wien, Juli, 1888—Jan., 1889. Hohe Warte, bei Wien. Observations des Etoiles de la Zone outre 75° et 80° N. a I'Obsorvatoiro de rilniversite Imperiale do Kasan. Tome II., pp. 135. The Imperial Observatory, Kasan. Osservazioni sulla Stella Doppie, 1875—1885 da Gh V. Schiaparelli, pp. 229, with diagrams. The Observatory, Brera, Milan. Publicationen der v^tuffner'schen Sternwarte in Wien (Ottakring) Band I., pp. 210, with plates. v} Kuffner'schen Stermvarte, Wien. [ 25 ] Annalos do TObservatoire Astronomique de Tokyo, Tome L, pp. 72. The Observatory, Tokyo, Japan. Untersuclmngen liber das CometensyBtem—1843, I.; 1880, I.; und 1882, II., Theil I. Der G-rosse September Comet, 1882, II., von Dr. Heinrich Kreutz, pp. 111. Das iEqiiinoctium fiir 1800.0, von Dr. E. Lamp, pp. 55. Zusammenstellung der Cometen-Erscheimmgen de& Jahres, 1888, pp. 9. Yon Dr. H. Kreutz. Dr. H. Kreutz, Kiel. Die Bahn des periodischen Cometen Winnecke in den Jaliren, 1858— 1886, von Dr. E. P. von Haerdtl, Theilen I. und II., pp. 96 and 38. The Author. Sur le Ligament Lumineux des Passages et Occultations des Satellites de Jupiter, Moyen de I'eviter, par M. Ch. Andre, pp. 5. The Author. Sur TOrigine des Etoiles Eilantes, par Th. Bredichin, A.E.A.S., pp. 60, with diagram. The Author. A Table of the Positions of Observatories, with Constants Useful in Correcting Extra-Meridian Observations for Parallax, by Lieut.- G-eneral Tennant, F.E.S., pp. 12. On the Determination of Normal Places, by Lieut.-Greneral Tennant, E.E.S., pp. 4. On the Orbit of Comet I. (Sawerthal), 1888, by Lieut.-General Ten¬ nant, E.R.S., pp. 3. The Author. Ephemerides of the Satellites of Saturn, 1888-89, by A. Marth, pp. 13. Ephemeris of the Satellite of Neptune, 1888-89, by A. Marth, pp. 2. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of the Moon, 1889, January 1— April 1, by A. Marth, pp. 3. Ephemerides of the Satellites of Saturn, 1888-89, by A. Marth, pp. 9. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of the Moon, 1889, April 1— June 30, by A. Marth, pp. 3. Ephemeris of the Satellites of Uranus, 1889, by A. Marth, pp. 4. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of the Moon, 1889, July —1890, Jan. 1, by A. Marth, pp. 6. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of Jupiter, 1889, by A. Marth, pp. 10. On the Close Conjunction of Mars and Saturn near Eegulus, Sept. 19, 1889, by A. Marth, pp. 4. On the Eclipse of lapetus by Saturn and its King System on Nov. 1-2, 1889, by A. Marth, pp. 3 Ephemerides of the Satellites of Saturn, 1889-90, by A. Marth, pp. 10. Ephemeris of the Satellite of Neptune, 1889-90, by A. Marth, pp. 3. The Author. The Eclipses of Jupiter's Satellites, by A. M. W. Downing, M.A., pp. 9. The Author. [ 26 ] On the Spectrum Visible and Photographic of the Great Nebula in Orion, by W. Huggins, LL.D., jF.E.S., &c., and Mrs. Hnggins, pp. 22, with diagrams. On the Wave Length of the Principal Line in the Spectrum of the Aurora, by TV. Hnggins, LL.D., F.K.S., &c., pp. 7. The Authors. Observations of the Variable Star S (10) Sagitia), by J. E. Gore, p. 1. On the Proper Motion of 85 Pegasi, by J. E. Gore, p. 1. On the Variable Star /x Cephei, by J. E. Gore, E.R.A.S., pp. 7. The Author. The Great Storm off the Atlantic Coast of the United States, March 11-14, 1888, by E. Hayden, pp. 65, with coloured plates. Lieut. G. L. Dyer, U.8.Nt Egeson's Weather System of Sunspot Causality, by C. Egeson, pp. 63, with diagrams. Meteorological Papers in the " Pastoralist" for May 10, 17, 24, 31, June 7 and 14, 1889, by C. Egeson. Climatological Charts for Australia for July and August, 1889, by C. Egeson. Daily Areas of Rainfall in New South Wales for January, February, March, September and October, 1889, by C. Egeson. The Author. Magnetic Disturbances, by Eev. G. T. Carruthers, pp. 7. The Author. Light Science for Leisure Hours, by R. A. Proctor, B.A., Lond., 1883, pp. 309. The Orbs Around Us, by R. A. Proctor, B.A., Lond., 1875, pp. 337. A New Star Atlas, for the Library, the School and the Observatory, by R. A. Proctor, B.A., Lond., 1877. Thermography, by J. E. Campbell, pp. 390. B. G. Rodd, Five Dock, Sydney. Specimens of Plants Collected at King George's Sound by Rev. R. Collie, by Rev. W. Woolls, Ph.D., &c. The Author. Plying Machine Memoranda, by L. Hargraves, pp. 5, with diagrams. The Author. Observations of Comet of July and August, 1889, at Launceston, Tasmania, by A. B. Biggs, p. 1. Recent Measures of a Centauri, by A. B. Biggs, p. 1. New Dark-Eield Micrometer for Double-Star Measurement, by A. B. Biggs, pp. 4, with diagrams. The Author. Card containing Logarithms and Anti-Logarithms, by E. J. White, E.R.A.S. The Author. His Honor Sir William MacGregor's Ascent of Mount Victoria and Explorations of the Owen Stanley Range, British New Guinea, by J. P. Thomson, E.R.S.G.S , &c., pp. 24, with maps. The Author. ^ . V ^ I tt'l' . .A + ;." ^ REPORT OF MR. TEBBUTT'S OBSERVATORY, THE PENIKSULA, WINDSOR, NEW SOOTH WALES, FOR THE YEAR 1890, BY JOHN TEBBUTT, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales; Member of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific; and Corresponding Member of the Ethnographic Institute, Paris, and of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. GEORGE MURRAY & CO., PRINTERS, 91 CLARENCE STREET. 1891. REPO RX OF MR. TEBBOTT'S OBSERVATORY, THE PENINSULA, WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES, FOR THE YEAR 1890, BY JOHN TEBBUTT, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales; Member of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific; and Corresponding Member of the Ethnographic Institute, Paris, and of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. GEORGE MURRAY & CO., PRINTERS, 91 CLARENCE STREET. 1891. SH-Z CONTENTS. PAGE Buildings and Instruments ... 5 Position of the Observatory 6 Meridian "Work .. 6 Instrumental Errors and Chronometer Errors and Eates .. 10 Extra-Meridian Work .. 17 Meteorological Observations .. 18 Publications .. 19 The Library .. 20 Conclusion .. 20 Presents received for the Library during 1890 .. 21 REPORT OF THE WINDSOR OBSERVATORY Fox 1Q©0. The following is a report of the work done at my Observatory during the year 1890:— Buildings and Instruments. No addition, has been made either to the buildings or to the instruments during the year. A complete description of both will be found in the " History and Description of Mr. Tebbutt's Observatory, Windsor, New South Wales." A general notion of the buildings can be formed from the frontispiece to the publication just referred to. The principal instruments are a 3-inch transit instrument, by Coolce and Sons of York; a sidereal and meantime chronometer, by Parkinson and Prod sham and by Poole respectively; an 8-inch equatorial refractor, by Grubb of Dublin; a 4^-inch equatorial refractor, by Cooke and Sons; and a 3^-inch refractor, by Jones. [ 6 ] Position of the Observatory. The co-ordinates of the Observatory are as follow:— Longitude from Greenwich = lOh. 3m. 20.51s. E.; astronomical latitude — — 33° 36' 30.8". (See pages 6 and 7 of the Report for 1888.) Meridian Work. This has been done throughout with the 3-inch transit instrument, in connection with sidereal chrono¬ meter Parkinson and Frodsham No. 1042. The transit system consists of five wires, designated A, B, 0, D, and E, in the order of transit above the pole when the clamp is east. The equatorial distances in sidereal time of the four outer wires from the middle wire, as determined from transits of ninety-seven circumpolar stars between May 20, 1889, and January 1,1890, are:—A -|- 20.057s. B -|- 10.465s. D — 9.458s. E — 19.055s. These give a reduction of -j- 0.402s. to the middle wire, and were employed throughout the year 1890. A subsequent deter¬ mination from all the transits of circumpolar stars in 1890 gives the following equatorial values:—A-|-20.040s. B -}- 10.466s. D — 9.468s. E — 19.019s., with a reduction of -|- 0.404s. to the middle wire. These values will be employed during the year 1891. The reductions during 1890 for complete observations of stars out of the equator have been taken from a MS. table having for its argu¬ ment the star's declination. Eor incomplete transits the reduction for an equatorial star has also been taken from a MS. table giving the algebraic means of the observed wires, and for other stars this quantity has been multi¬ plied by the secant of the star's declination. The observations have all been made by the eye and ear method. The level collimation and azimuth errors have been as steady as in former years. The level employed is a striding one of about 1130 feet radius, each division being equal to 0.8 . The inclination was determined once at least on each evening of observation by four readings of each extremity of the bubble, the level being twice reversed during the operation. On some occasions, [ 7 ] and always when the transit instrument was reversed, two or more sets of readings were taken. The western pivot has been the higher throughout the year, and the error has therefore been regarded as positive. The instru¬ ment has been lifted and reversed about once a week by means of an apparatus for that purpose, and the collima- tion error determined by comparing the middle wire in both positions of the axis of rotation with the correspond¬ ing wire of a 2-inch transit instrument on a pier in a small house a little north of the transit room. These comparisons were always made near the horizontal wires, the transit system of the collimator being illuminated by a small lamp on a shelf near its eyepiece. As there is no micrometer in connection with the 3-inch transit instrument, the distance of the middle wire from that of the collimator was estimated for each position of the axis of rotation in terms of the diameter of the middle wire of the collimator. Half the total displacement reduced to seconds of arc from the known diameter of the collimator wire was regarded as the collimation error. Throughout the year the axis of collimation lay between wires 0 and D, and the collimation error has therefore been regarded as positive. The corrections for the upper transit have therefore been -|- or —, according as the clamp was east or west. On every occasion when the instrument was reversed star transits were observed in both positions of the rotation axis, and by allowing for chronometer rate it has been found that the estimations for collimation error were quite as reliable as the results which might be obtained by the application of the micrometer to so small an instrument. The azimuth error has been determined either from opposite culmi¬ nations of P Hydri and /? Chanueleontis, from contacts and bisections of f Octantis at the middle wire and an approximate chronometer correction, from transits of a high and a low star north of the zenith, or of a star in high south declination and one near the equator. The azimuth stars have been taken either from the Greenwich Nauti¬ cal Almanac or from the American Ephemeris. I have again to acknowledge the valuable aid rendered by the latter publication in the department of circumpolar stars. L 8 ] During the year 1890 the western pivot of the transit instrument has been invariably too far south, and the azimuth error has therefore been considered negative. No adjustment of the instrument for azimuth has been made since June 24, 1887. The following table will therefore afford an idea of the steadiness of this adjust¬ ment since that date:— Number of Mean of all Period. Azimuth Deter¬ the Determina¬ Extreme Azimuth minations. tions. Determinations. // June 24 io Dec. 31, 1887... 41 —6.97 —10.46 —4.39 Year 1888 88 —5.37 —13.05 —0.28 Year 1889 ... 105 —8.09 —14.94 —1.45 Year 1890 ... 133 —9.32 —13.96 —3.92 Very carefully constructed MS. tables have been em¬ ployed for the reductions for level, collimation, and azimuth. For all stars north of the zenith a table has been used whose arguments are each degree of declina¬ tion from — 3^° to -|- 56°, and the values of the level, collimation, and azimuth errors for every second of arc from 1 to 15. The stars for time determinations, irrespec¬ tive of the azimuth stars, have been taken from those with a declination less than 40° in the Clock Star Lists of the Greenwich Nautical Almanac and the American Uphemeris. The apparent right ascensions of both clock and azimuth stars have been corrected for daily aberration, but no systematic corrections for equinox have been applied. When the stars have been found in both pub¬ lications the right ascensions of the former have been adopted. It may here be added that all time observations out of the meridian in connection with lunar occultations, phenomena of Jupiter's satellites, planets, comets, etc., have been made with the sidereal chronometer Parkinson and TYodsham, whose corrected indications have been converted into local mean times by employing the sidereal time at Greenwich mean noon of the Nautical Almanac, corrected by the quantity — 1m. 39.12s. These conver¬ sions have been checked by the use of the mean time of [ 9 3 the preceding transit of the First Point of Aries corrected by the quantity 1m. 38.84s. In the following table will be found a statement of the errors of the transit instrument and the errors and rates of the sidereal chronometer for the year 1890. The instrumental errors in square brackets are simply interpolated or assumed. The figures in the second column both of this table and of the tables in previous reports indicate the number of clock stars observed whose declination did not exceed 40°, and the letters E and W after the names of the azimuth stars in the seventh column show the position of the clamp when such stars were observed for azimuth. Finally, it will be seen that the rate of the chronometer during the past year has not been so steady as in previous years. The unsteadiness is doubtless due to the wear of the mechanism, the instrument having been in continuous use ever since the year 1864. The eight-day mean time chronometer—John Poole, No. 2962—was placed in the hands < f Messrs. Allerding of Sydney in December, 1890, in order to have its rate changed for sidereal time. This chronometer, whose rate is much better than that of Parkinson and Prodsham, will be employed in connection with the transit instrument during the year 1891. 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CO CC CO CO O j^ot^coo^r-jooocNOOT—ioo^c^oooi—ioqoi>i>-CO' " OO^^OO^OOOOOCO^I—I^J^NO^IOOO "oadodx^cSaodoocjcStfic^oorHdcS-fc^cd-fc^oo O O O 00 a — - d d d i—< i-H cvi rH I—J rH UO rH rfj «—j X>» C» rH q CO 00 f-H c: 6 CO ^ r}H r^* rfH d TjH r? CO CO* io d d d d •PJ © 0« fs •S^ISUTJJX a^s'jo OK T? ^ 00 O ^ lO CO 00 r? UO CO iO O 00 ^ 00 C5 CO *o -t> 0^1^00 Ci o CO o ra (M (M (M rH rH r—| rH r—I Extra-Meridian Work. The early part of the year was characterized by cloudy weather. The following is a resume of the work done in this department:— OcCULTATIONS OJ? STARS BY THE MOON.—The OCCul- tations of twenty-four stars were observed, chiefly with the 8-inch equatorial, comprising twenty-four disappear¬ ances and three reappearances. Sixteen of the stars have been identified. The results have been forwarded to the Astronomische Nachrichten. The total number of occultation phases observed here during the period 1864- 1890 is 433—namely, 417 disappearances and 16 reap¬ pearances. The disproportion is due to the circumstance that prediction-calculations of these phenomena have seldom been made. Phenomena of Jupiter's Satellites.—These have been observed chiefly with the 8-inch equatorial, and are classified thus:—Transit-ingress, 1.3, 11.2, III.l, IV.l; Transit-egress, 1.5, III.l, IV.l. Occultation-disappear- ances, 1.4, II.2, IV.l; Occultation-reappearance, 1.1. Eclipse-disappearances, 1.1, III.l, IV.2; Eclipse-reap¬ pearances, 1.7, II.4, 111.4. These results have been forwarded to the Royal Astronomical Society. Eclipse op the Sun, December 12, 1890.—This was observed with the 4i-inch equatorial. The first contact of the partial phase was lost in consequence of cloud, but the last contact was well observed. Minor Planets.—Pour minor planets were observed with the filar-micrometer of the 8-inoh equatorial, as follows -.—Ceres (1), on May 13, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, comprising 76 comparisons and 3 comparison stars; Juno (3), on May 19, 20, 22, 25, comprising 34 comparisons and 2 comparison stars; Ariadne (43), on July 21, 22, 23, comprising 30 comparisons and 2 com¬ parison stars; and Undina (92), on September 8, 9, 10, comprising 38 comparisons and 2 comparison stars. All the observations have been completely reduced for re¬ fraction and partallax and sent to the Astronomische Nachrichten, [18] Comets.—The following comets were observed with the square bar-micrometer on the 8-inch equatorial:— Comet Denning, on October 4, comprising 3 comparisons and 1 comparison star; and Comet d'Arrest, on October 12, 13, 14, 16,17, November 1, 5, 6, comprising 99 com¬ parisons and 8 comparison stars. Both these comets were excessively faint and difficult to observe. The results have been sent to the Astronomische Nachrichten. Double Stars.—The following interesting binaries have been observed with the 8-inch equatorial:— p Eridani, Lalande 4219, yCentauri, 11 4634, aCentauri, Brisbane 5784, and y Coronac Australis. All the measures of double stars taken in 1889 and 1890 have recently been forwarded to the Royal Astronomical Society. The distance of the last mentioned binary is certainly much greater than that given by Mr. Powell's orbit in the Monthly Notices for March, 1890. Yariable Stabs. — Comparisons have been con¬ tinued of the well - known variables v Argus and B Carinse. The former star has not sensibly varied in its lustre since the announcement of its sudden increase of magnitude between April, 1887, and May, 1888. I propose shortly to publish a careful revision of the Windsor observations from 1854 to 1890. A very satis¬ factory determination of the maximum of the latter star was made in April, 1890, and the results of the com¬ parisons of this star, extending from November, 1886, to June, 1890, appeared in the IL.A.S. Monthly Notices for November, 1890. The magnitude at maximum varies considerably. This variable has been closely watched at this Observatory from 1880 to 1890, and ten maxima have been determined. Meteorological Observations. The usual 9h. a.m. observations have been kept up with great regularity during the year. They comprise observations of the barometer, maximum and minimum temperature of the air and evaporation, maximum solar radiation, and minimum radiation on the grass, rainfall and evaporation, direction of the wind, and cloud extent, [19] as in former years. The results for 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, and 1890 are under preparation for publication. Since 1862 the rainfall results have been forwarded annually to the Government Astronomer for incorpora¬ tion with similar results from the Government Meteoro¬ logical Stations. The self-registering tide-gauge referred to in the last annual report as having been established on the South Creek has since been removed in consequence of the frequent freshes. The meteorological observations now extend over a period of twenty-eight years. Publications. The following is a list of the papers published by the author in journals and transactions of scientific societies since the report for 1889: — Observations op Comets 1889IV. (Davidson) and 1889 V. (Brooks).—These comprise observations of the former comet (continued from Ast. Nachrichten, No. 2924) from July 27 to August 15,1889, and observations of the latter on October 25, 28, 1889.—Astronomxsche Nachrichten, Band cxxiii., No. 2952, p. 409. Observations op the Phenomena op Jupiter's Satellites in the Year 1889. — B.A.S. Monthly Notices, vol. L., p. 335. Observations op the Minor Planets Pallas, Juno, Hebe, and Plora.—Ast. Nach., Band cxxiv., No. 2961, p. 141. These observations were made with the 8-incli equatorial. (See Reports for 1888 and 1889, pp. 20 and 17 respectively.) Observations op Lunar Occultations op Stars in 1889.—Ast. Nach., Band cxxiv., No. 2963, p. 181. (See Beport for 1889, p. 17.) Astronomical and Meteorological Workers in N.S. Wales.—Observatory, vol. XIII., p. 211. Determination op Position op Supposed Varia¬ ble in E.A., 12h. 18m., Declin.—48°43' (1875.0).—Ast. Nach., Band cxxv., No. 2979, p. 41. Observations op the Magnitudes op b Carin^e, November, 1886, to June, 1890. — B.A.S. Monthly Notices, vol. LI., p. 46. [20] The following communication was omitted in the Report for 1889:— Comet Nomenclature. — Observatory, vol. XII., p. 183. The Library. At the close of this Report will be found an acknow¬ ledgment of all presents received during the year 1890, for which the author tenders his best thanks. Conclusion. All the astronomical and nearly all the meteoro¬ logical observations during the past year have been made by the proprietor himself. He has also executed the greater and more difficult part of the reductions. The work for the year 1891 will be similar to that for 1890. Occultations and southern comets will be observed as far as possible, and the meteorological work continued as usual. L21] PEESENTS EECEIYED FOR THE LIBRAHY DURING THE TEAR 1890. [Note—The Names of the Donors are printed in Italics.] Results of Eain, River, and Evaporation Observations in N.S. "Wales 1889, by H. C. Russell, E.R.S., &c., pp. 183, with diagrams. Two copies. Results of Meteorological Observations in N. S. "Wales, 1888, by H. C. Russell, P.R.S., &c., pp. 142, with diagrams. The Government Astronomer for N. S. Wales. Second Melbourne G-eneral Catalogue of 1211 Stars for 1880, by R. L. J. Ellery, E.R.S., &c., pp. 63. Monthly Records oi Results of Observations in Meteorology, Terrestrial Magnetism, &c., at the Melbourne Observatory, with Abstracts from Various Localities in Victoria. Monthly parts from October, 1889, to July, 1890. The Government Astronomer for Victoria. Rainfall Results at South Australian Stations, in monthly parts, October, 1889, to August, 1890. Rainfall in South Australia and Northern Territory during 1887, by C. Todd, C.M.G., &c. Report on Telegraphic Determination of Australian Longitudes. The Government Astronomer for S. Australia. "Weather Reports for Hobart, Tasmania. Monthly sheets, January, 1890, to October, 1890. Report of the Meteorological Observer, Tasmania, for 1889. The Government Meteorological Observer, Tasmania. Proceedings and Transactions of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, Vol. V., Part II. The Society. The Surveyor for January 7, February 4, March 4, April 1, May 6, June 3, July 1, August 5, September 2, October 7, November 4, December 2, 1890. N.S. Wales Association of Surveyors. Report of the Meteorological Council of the Royal Society for the •Year ended March 31, 1889. Meteorological Observations at the Foreign and Colonial Stations of the Royal Engineers and the Army Medical Department, 1852-86, pp. 261. [22] Quarterly Weather Eeport, Part L, January—March, 1880. Weekly Weather Eeports, September 9,1889, to May 17, 1890. Quarterly Summary of Weekly Weather Eeports, 1889, and its Fourth Quarter ; and of 1890, Eirst Quarter, January—March. Monthly Summaries from April to September, 1888, and from May, 1889, to February, 1890. Weekly Weather Eeport, 1889, Vol. II., Appendices II., III., IY. Quarterly Summary, July—September, 1889. The Meteorological Office, London. Eeport of the Kew Observatory for the year ended October 31, 1889, pp. 24. The Kew Observatory Greenwich Ten-Year Catalogue of 4059 Stars for 1880. The Astronomer Royal for England. Astronomical Observations at the Observatory of Cambridge, Yol. XXII., for 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, pp. 366, with Appendices. The Cambridge Observatory, England. Photographs of the Corona during the Total Eclipse of the Sun, January 1, 1889, by D. P. Todd. The Solar Corona discussed by Spherical Harmonics, by Professor P. H. Bigelow. Annual Eeports of the Smithsonian Institution for years ending June 30,1886 and 1887, Parts I., pp. 878 and 735. The Smithsonian Institution, U.S.A. Catalogue of Stars, by Professor M. Yarnall, 3rd edition, 10964 Stars for 1860, revised by Professor Frisby, pp. 302. Eeport of the U.S.N. Observatory for year ending June 30, 1889. The TT.S.N. Observatory, Washington. American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac for 1892, pp. 521. The Office of the American Ephemeris, Washington. Eeports on the Observations of the Total Eclipse of the Sun, January 1, 1889, published by the Lick Observatory, pp. 210, with plates. The Lick Trustees. Annals of Harvard College Observatory,Yol. XYIIL, No. X.; Meridian Circle Observations of Stars near the South Pole, pp. 23. Henry Draper Memorial, 4th Annual Eeport of the Photographic Study of Stellar Spectra at Harvard College Observatory, pp. 9, with plate. Harvard Gollege Observatory. Publications of the Leander McCormick Observatory of the University of Yirginia, Yol. I., Part IY., Double Stars, 1885-86, pp. 97. Leander McCormick Observatory> U.S.A, Publications of Carleton College Observatory, U.S.A., Catalogue of 644 Comparison Stars for 1890, pp. 55, with plates. Carleton College Observatory, U.S.A. [23] Publications of the Cincinnati Observatory, Double Stars, 1882-86, pp. 70. Cincinnati Observatory, U.S.A. Publications of the "Washburn Observatory, Yol. VI., Part I., Obser¬ vations with the Meridian Circle; Part II., Observations of Double Stars, pp. 140, with plate. Washburn Observatory, U.S.A. History and "Work of the "Warner Observatory, Eochester, New York, Yol. I., 1883-86, pp. 70, with plates. The Warner Observatory. Pennsylvania State Weather Service. Monthly "Weather Eeview for June, July, and September, 1890, with map. Electricity in Warfare, by Lieut. B. A. Eiske, TT.S.N., pp. 21. Bulletin of the Franklin Institute, September and October, 1890. Precious Stones, by Gr. E. Kunz, pp. 34. The Metallurgical Arts at the Paris Exhibition, by E. Lynwood Garrison, pp. 114, with plates. On the "Use of Gralvanised Iron for Artesian Wells, &c., by E. Haines, pp-9- The Use of the Diamond Drill of the Ancient Egyptians. The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Monthly Weather Eeview of the Meteorological Service of the Dominion of Canada, September, 1889, to July, 1890. Eeport of the Service for 1886. The Meteorological Office, Toronto. Influence de TAltitude sur la Marche Diurne du Barometre, par Ch. Andre, pp. 147, with diagrams. Description du Service Horaire de la Ville de Lyon, par Ch. Andre, pp. 30, with plates. The Observatory, Lyons. Anhang zu den Zonenbeobachtungen der Sterne zwischen 55° und 65° nordlicher declination, zu Helsingfors und Grotha, pp. 30. Two copies. Tafel fiir das dritte Glied der Prsecession, von H. Kloock, pp. 34. Two copies. The Boyal Observatory, Kiel. Meteorologische und Magnetische Beobachtungen zu Pola, Oct., Nov., Dec., 1889, Jan., Eeb. April, Mai, Juli, Aug., Sept., 1890. Hydrog. Amte zu Pola. Circular zum Berliner Ast. Jahrbuch, No. 334, Ephemerides der Ariadne und Undina. Berliner Ast. Jahrbuch Office. Vade-Mecum de TAstronome, par J. C. Houzeau, pp. 1144, Bruxelles, 1882, • [24] Annales de TObservatoire Eoyal de Bruxelles. Tome lY., Obs. Ast. en 1879-81. Tome Y., 3 ieme Eascicule. Tome VI., Cat. da 10792 Etoiles pour 1865.0, par E. Quetelet, pp. 619. Exposition Critique de la Methode de Wronski pour la resolution des Problemes de Mecanique Celeste, par Ch. Lagrange, Premiere Partie, Bruxelles, 1882, pp. 70. Annuaire de FObservatoire Eoyal de Bruxelles pour 1882, pp. 367; 1883, pp. 210 ; 1884, pp. 270; 1885, pp. 374; 1886, pp. 314; 1887, pp. 577; 1888, pp. 592. The Royal Observatory, Brussels. Considerazioni sul moto rotatorio del pianeta Venere, del M. E. Gr. V. Schiaparelli, in 5 Parts, pp. 12, 15, 13, 12, and 20. Determinazione della Differenza di Longitudine tra gli Osservatorii Astronoinici di Milano e di Torino, pp. 60. The Observatory, Brer a, Milan. Dorpater Meteorologischen Beobachtungen, Jan.—Dec., 1889. "Witterungs-BeobacEtungen fiir Luftdruck, Temperatur, &c., 1881-3. Eortsetzung der Neuen Untersuchungen iiber die Bessel'sche Eormel und deren Verwendung in der Meteorologie, von Dr. K. "Weili- rauch, pp. 78. The Meteorological Observatory, Borpat. Annales de TObservatoire de Tachkent. Vol. III., in Eussian text, pp. 252, with plates. The Observatory, Tachkent. Markree Observations of Double Stars, by TV*. Doberck, Ph. D., &c. The Observatory, Hongkong. Annales de TObservatoire Astronomique de Tokyo, Tome I., 2nd Eascicule, pp. 38. The Observatory, Tokyo, Japan. Eevista do Observatorio do Eio de Janeiro, Marco—Agosto, 1890. Annales de FObservatoire Imp. de Eio de Janeiro, Tome IV., Parts I. and II., pp. 123 and 406. Annuario Imp. Obs. do Eio de Janeiro, 1888-89-90, pp. 343, 322, 386. The Imperial Observatory, Bio de Janeiro. Boletin del Observatorio Astronomico Nacional de Tacubaya, Tome I. No. I. The National Observatory, Tacubaya. Anuario del Observatorio de la Plata para el Ano 1890, pp. 512. The Observatory, La Blata. 0 bservations Astronomiques, par Baron d'Engelhardt, Deuxieme Partie, pp. 272. Baron cTEngelhardt. Influence de FAltitude sur la Temperature, par Ch. Andre, pp. 16. [25] Meteorologie Lyonnaise, par Ch. Andre, 1883-841, pp. 56; 1885-86, pp. 68; and 1886-87, pp. 68. Sur le Ligament Lumineux des Passages et Occultations des Satellites de Jupiter, Moyen de Teviter, par Ch. Andre, pp. 5. Elements Magnetiques a Lyon au Janvier 1, 1889, par Ch. Andre, pp. 2. The Author. Annales de TObservatoire de Nice, Tome III., et Atlas. R. L. Bischoffsheim. Ephemeris of the Satellites of Saturn, 1889-90 (concluded), by A. Marth. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of the Moon, January 1 to July 1, 1890, by A. Marth. Ephemeris of the Satellites of Uranus, 1890, by A. Marth. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of Mars, 1890, by A. Marth. Ephemeris of the Satellites of Mars, 1890, by A. Marth. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of Jupiter, 1890, by A. Marth. The Author. On the Orbit of Struve 228, by J. E. Grore. On the Proper Motion of the Double Star South 503, by J. E. Gore. The Author. Eeport of the Eousdon Observatory for 1889. Sheet, by C. E. Peek, M.A., &c. Meteorological Observations at Eousdon Observatory, Devon, for 1889, by C. E. Peek. The Author. Eeport on Astronomical Observatories for 1886, by G-. H. Boehmer, Wash., 1889. The Author. On the Motions of the Planetary Nebulse in the Line of Sight, by J. E. Keeler, pp. 8. The Author. Double-Star Observations made at the Lick Observatory, by S. "W. Burnham. Double-Star Observations made with the 36-inch refractor of the Lick Observatory, by S. W. Burnham. Double-Star Observations made at the Lick Observatory in May, June, and July, 1889, by S. "W. Burnham. Photograph of Solar Eclipse of December 22, 1889. Two Photographs of Lick Observatory. 8. W. Burnham. Eclipses and. Transits in Euture Years, by Eev. S. J. Johnson, M.A., &c., Lond., 1889, pp. 16. 2he Author, [26] On the Nautical Almanac, by Lieut.-Gren. J. P. Tennant, F.B.S., &c., pp. 9. The Author. Lichtwechsel von a Cassiopeia) im Jalire, 1889, von T. Plassmann, pp. 10 in M.S. The Author. Zusammenstellung der Cometen-Ersclieinungen des Jahres, 1889, von Dr. EL Kreutz, pp. 16. Bericht iiber Cometen, von Dr. H. Kreutz, pp. 6. The Author. Sur la Eotation du Soleil, par N. C. Duner, pp. 5. Two copies. The Author. Liste Grenerale des Observatoires et des Astronomes, des Societes et des Revues Astronomiques, par A. Lancaster, 3rd ed., Bruxelles, 1890, pp. 147. The Author. Daily Areas of Eainfall in N.S. "Wales for August, November, Decem¬ ber, 1889, and January, February, April, May, June, 1890, by C. Egeson. " Evening News" Eainfall Maps for April, May, June, July, 1889, by C. Egeson. Maps of N. S. "Wales Eainfall, January 1—May 13, 1890, by C. Egeson. Meteorological History of the Years 1826 to 1830, N. S. Wales. Newspaper Cuttings, by C. Egeson Map of N. S. Wales, showing Eainfall for half-year ended June 30, 1890, at 80 Stations in N. S. Wales, by C. Egeson. Diagrams of Mean Area of Eainfall in N. S. Wales during each lunar week of 7 to 8 days during the years 1879-90, &c., and of Monthly Eainfall at Sydney for same period. Cyclical Variations, in four MS. Sheets, by C. Egeson. Egeson's Weather Almanac, 1891, pp. 67. The Author. The Island of Kadavu, with map, by J. P. Thomson, F.B.S.G-.S., &c., pp 15. The Author. Social Problems, by Amicus, pp. 8. A. B. Biggs. Thir Notandums, or Literary Eecreations of Laird Canticarl of Mongrynen, with a Biographical Sketch of James Dunlop, P.E.S., by John Service, L.E.C.S. and P. Ed., &c., pp. 222. The Author. On a Compressed-Air Plying-Machine, by L. Hargrave, pp. 7, with three diagrams. The Author. [27] Meinoires de la Societe Oceanienne, Tome I., Partie I., comprenant:— Les A.borigenes de rAustralie, par John Eraser. Transl. by A. Lesouef, &c., In the History and Description of Mr. Tebbutt's Observatory, "Windsor, 'New South Wales— Page 22, line 23 from top,/or 1886 read 1866. Page 62, line 23 from top, for du read der. Page 72, line 44 from topj/br le read la. In the Eeport for 1888— Eor collimation errors opposite to May 6 and 7 on page 13, for — 0.7 and — 0.8 read -|- 0.7 and -[- 0.8 respectively. Insert azimuth error — 4.72 from a* Octantis opposite to August 18 on page 16. In the Eeport for 1889— Eemove square brackets from collimation error opposite to April 1 on page 11. For y2 Piscis Australis, opposite to April 10 on page 12, read y2 Piscis Yolantis. REPOET OF Mi1. Tebktft Ofeei'Vatoi'ij, THE PENINSULA, WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES, FOR THE YEAR 1891. BY JOHN TEBBUTT, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London ; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the British Astronomical Association ; Corresponding Member of the Societe Ethnographique of Paris, and Honorary Corresponding Member of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. SYDNEY: TURNER AND HENDERSON, PRINTERS, HUNTER STREET. 1892. CONTENTS. PAGE Buildings and Instruments ...... 3 Position of the Observatory ...... ' 4 Meridian Work ...... 4 Instrumental Errors and Chronometer Errors and Rates 6 Extra-Meridian Work ...... 15 Meteorological Observations ...... 16 Publications ...... 17 The Library ...... ,.. ... 18 Conclusion ...... 1& Presents received for the Library during 1891 ...... lO- S'VS REPORT OF THE WINDSOR OBSERVATORY, FOR 1891. At the close of the year 1887, a pamphlet of 74 pages was published, entitled a " History and Description of Mr. Tebbutt's Observatory, Windsor, New South Wales." In this little volume is presented a detailed account of the observatory buildings, and of their instrumental equipment, and a list of all the scientific papers contributed by the proprietor to astronomical institutions, and of presents received by him for the library, down to the close of August, 1887. Since the year 1887, annual reports have been published of the work done at the Observatory in 1888, 1889 and 1890, and of the progress of the library. I have now the honour to report what has been done during the year 1891. Buildings and Instruments. No addition has been made either to the buildings or to the instruments described in the History above referred to. The construction of a larger circular chamber and revolving roof for the 8-inch equatorial, is, however, contemplated. The building which has accommodated the instrument for the past six years was originally erected for the 4|-inch equatorial, and is very inconvenient in connection with the larger instrument. An accident happened on July 8th to the spider lines of the Grubb filar-micrometer belonging to the 8-inch instrument. New lines were- supplied by Mr. Wiesener, of Sydney. These were care- 4 fully examined by me for error in the perpendicularity of the position and distance threads. The distance threads were found to be accurately parallel, but it was found that when these threads were properly oriented the position thread made an angle of N. 0° 13' W. to the true meridian. Corrections of observed differences of right ascension are, of course, applied for this error. A new investigation of the screw-values of this micrometer, and of the errors of the square bar-micrometer was also made during the year. Position of the Observatory. The co-ordinates of the Observatory are still adopted as:— Longitude from Greenwich = ]0h. 3m. 20*515. E. Astronomical latitude = — 33° 36' SOS". (See pages 6 and 7 of the Report for 1888.) Meridian Work. The eight-day meantime chronometer, John Poole, No. 2962, having had its rate changed from mean to sidereal time in December, 1890, was substituted for chronometer Parkznso7i and Frodsham, No. 1042, and employed throughout the year 1891 in connection with the 3-inch transit instrument. It will be seen from the table which follows, that the behaviour of this time¬ keeper has been pretty good throughout. The method of determining the errors of the transit instrument has been already described in the Report for 1890, and a repetition of the description will here be unnecessary. It may be mentioned that the equatorial distances of the outer wires from the middle wire, adopted for the reductions of 1891, are those determined from the series of transits of circum-polar stars in 1890, namely :—A =-f 20*0405., B = 4- 10 4663., D = — 9*468s., E = — 19*019s., with a reduction of -f 0*404s. to the middle wire for the complete observation of an equatorial star. A reduction of all the transits of circum-polar stars during 1891, gives the following values for the wires:—A= -}-20*058s , B= 4-10,488s., D=—9*459s., E= — 19*0183., with a reduction of +0*414s. to the middle wire. These values will be employed for 1892. It will be seen from' the table that the errors of the transit instrument have been as steady as in former years, and no adjustment for either level, collimation, or azimuth was made during the year. The western pivot at the beginning of the year was relatively about 7" too high, but it gradually fell till the depth of winter, when the axis became level, but by the end of the year the pivot had regained its former position. The extreme azimuth determinations were —IS'IS7, — 1*29", the latter being a result from unfavourable stars. The mean of all the azimuth determinations for the year, 186 in number, is —I'&l". It must be understood that the instrumental errors in square brackets are simply interpolated. I must again record my indebtedness to the American Ephemeris for the apparent right ascensions of the southern circum-polar stars employed for azimuth. 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The early part of the year 1891, like that of 1890, was characterised by cloudy weather. The following is an abstract of the work done in this department:— OCCULTATIONS OF STARS BY THE MOON.—Forty-six occultations were observed, comprising forty-four different stars and fifty-six phases. Of the stars thirty-seven have been identi¬ fied. Of the disappearances three are at the bright and forty-two at the dark limb, and of the reappearances eight are at the bright and three at the dark limb. An unidentified star was also observed'to graze the moon's south limb. The satisfactory result in this department of observation is in a great measure due to the interest of Mr. R. T. A. Innes of Sydney, F.R.A.S., who kindly supplied me with prediction calculations of the occultations of Nautical Almanac Stars for the last eleven months of the year. The results have already appeared in the Astronomische Nachrichten. The total number of occultation phases observed here during the period 1864-1891 is 489, namely, 462 disappearances and 27 reappearances. The disproportion is due to the circumstance that prediction calculations have seldom been made. Phenomena of Jupiter's Satellites :—These have been observed chiefly with the 8-inch equatorial, and are classified thus :—Transit ingress—I.I., II.2, III.l. Transit egress—1.6., U.S., III.3 ; Occultatioxi disappearances, 1.4, II.1, III.l; Occulta¬ tion reappearance, IV.1 ; Eclipse disappearance, II.1; Eclipse reappearances, I.4., II.3, IV. 1. These observations have been sent to the Royal Astronomical Society. Physical observa¬ tions of some of the satellites were also made during their transits. Transit of Mercury, May 9-10.—This was observed in both phases with the 4i-inch equatorial, the observation of the egress being especially good. The observations have already been published in the Astronomische Nachrichten. 16 Conjunction of Venus and Jupiter, April 7, 1891.— This was well observed with the filar micrometer on the 8-inch equatorial, and the results have already appeared in the R.A.S. Monthly Notices. The Minor Planet Ceres.—An excellent series of filar micrometer comparisons was obtained with the 8-inch equatorial between the parallels of 26 and 28 degrees south declination, on August 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 30, 31, September L 2, 3, 1891, comprising 106 comparisons, and four comparison stars. The observations have been sent to the Astronomi'sche Nachrichten. COMETS.—The following comets were observed with the square bar-micrometer on the 8-inch equatorial:—68 comparisons of Comet (Barnard-Denning) 1891. between 37° and 47° south declination on June 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 29, July 2, 3, 1891, and 102 comparisons of Comet Wolf II., 1891, between declinations 10° north and 15° south, on October 9, 11, 30, 31, November 2, 3, 4, 7, December 17, 20, 21, 25, 26, 1891. The former have already appeared in the Astronomi'sche Nachrichten, and the latter have recently been sent to that Journal. DOUBLE Stars.—The following interesting double stars have been observed with the 8-inch telescope, and the results published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society :—p Eridani, Lalande 4219, a Centauri, 39 Ophiuchi, k Coronae Australis, Brisbane 6556, h 5075, and y Coronae Australis. Variable Stars.—The only variable stars attended to during the past year are t] Argus and R. Carinae. The former has been systematically watched here during the past thirty years, and the latter for the last eleven years. No change has been noticed in the former during the year. A determination of the maximum of the latter (5*5 mag.) was made in March, being the eleventh determined at this Observatory since 1879. Meteorological Observations. The 9h. a.m. observations have been taken during the year with great regularity, and the abstract results for 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889 and 1890 have been published, and many copies. 17 already distributed. The daily rainfall results have, as usual, been sent to the Government Astronomer for incorporation with similar results from the Government Meteorological Stations. The Windsor meteorological observations now extend over a period of twenty-nine years. Publications. The following is a list of the papers published by the author in journals and transactions of scientific societies since the Report for 1890 :— Observations of the Minor Planets Ceres, Juno, Ariadne, and Undina, in 1890.—See Report for 1890, p. 17. Asttonomische Nachrichten, Band CXXVL, No. 3020, p. 323. Observations of Comet VI. (Denning), 1890, and Comet V. (d'Arrest), 1890.—See Report for 1890, p. 18. Astronomische Nachrichten, Band CXXVL, No. 3022, p. 357. Double-Star Measures in 1889 and 1890.—R.A.S. Monthly Notices, Vol. LI., p. 331. Observations of Phenomena of Jupiter's Satellites in 1890.—R.AS. Monthly Notices, Vol. LL, p. 420.. On THE Colour OF r Velorum.—Journal of the British Astronomical Associqtionj Vol. L, p. 423. Star Occultations Observed in 1890.—Astronomische Nachrichten, Band CXXVIL, No. 3036, p. 193. Note on Dark Transits of Jupiter's Satellites.— Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. III., p. 221. Observation of the Tran^t^o£ Mercury, May 9-10, 1891.—Astronomische Nachrichten, CXXVIIL, No. 3050, p. 25. Ax Observations of Comet I. (Barnard-Denning), 1891.— Astronomische Nachrichten, Band CXXVIIL, No. 3059, p. 203, and Band CXXVIIL, No. 3060, p. 221. On Observing Occultations and the Misuse of Scientific Symbols.—Observatory, Vol. XIV., No. 179, p. 310. 18 Observation of the Dark Transit of Jupiter's Third Satellite, on August 20, 1891.—Publications of the Astro¬ nomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. III., p. 353. Observation of the Conjunction of Venus and Jupiter, April 7, 1891 —R.A.S. Monthly Notices,, Vol. LI., p. 561. Double-Star Measures in 1891.—R. A. S. Monthly Notices Vol. LIL, p. 386. Star Occultations Observed in 1891.—Astronomische Nachrichten, Band CXXIX., No. 3090, p. 307. Observation of Comet, 1892 (Swift, March 6), on March 10, 1892.—Astronomische Nachrichten, Band CXXIX., No. 3090, p. 309. The Library. The library has now attained considerable dimensions for a small establishment. At the end of the Report will be found a grateful acknowledgment of all the presents received during the year 1891. It will be well to notify correspondents and intending donors of publications, that the author's correct address is "The Observatory, the Peninsula, Windsor, New South Wales." Correspondence and packets have, on many occasions, been addressed to " Windsor, Australia," and have consequently been delayed in transmission, by being first sent to Windsor in the adjacent Colony of Victoria. Conclusion. The proprietor has made all the astronomical, and nearly all the meteorological observations, and has executed the greater portion of the reductions. The work for 1892 will be similar to that carried out in 1891, special attention being paid to Occultations and southern Comets, and to the meteorological observations. July 1st, 1892. 19 PRESENTS RECEIVED FOR THE LIBRARY DURING THE YEAR 1891. [Note.—The Names of the Donors are printed in Italics.] Monthly Records of Results of Observations in Meteorology, Terrestrial Magnetism, etc., at the Melbourne Observatory, with Meteorological Abstracts from various localities in Victoria. Monthly parts from August, 1890, to August, 1891. The Melbourne Observatory. Rainfall Returns of South Australia. Monthly parts from September, 1890, to September, 1891. Meteorological Observations at Adelaide Observatory and other places in South Australia, etc., during 1883 and 1888, pp. 277 and 94. Rainfall in South Australia and the Northern Territory in 1890, with Map. The Adelaide Observatory, Rainfall Map for Tasmania for 1890. Mean Rainfall Map for Tasmania previous to 1890. Rainfall in Tasmania for January, 1891. Monthly Record of Results of Meteorological Observations at Hobart, etc., from January to October, 1891. (August missing.) The Meteorological Observatory, Hobart. Proceedings and Transactions of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, Vol. VI., Parts I. and II., pp, 101. Quee?island Branch of the Society. "The Surveyor" for January 6, February 3, March 3, April 7, May 5, June 2, July 7, August 4, September 1, October 6, November 6, December 5, 1891. Institution of Surveyors, New South Wales. Catalogue of the Crawford Library of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, pp. 497. The Royal Observatory, Edinburgh. Results of Astronomical and Meteorological Observations at Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, in 1886, pp. 108 and 129. The Radcliffe Obse?'vatory, Oxford. Meteorological Observations at Sanchez (Samana Bay), St. Domingo, # 1886-1888, by the late W. Reid, M.D., pp. 64. Variability of the Temperature of the British Isles, 1869-1883, by R. H. Scott, F.R.S. 20 Report of the Meteorological Council of the Royal Society for year ending March 31, 1890, pp. 147. Meteorological Observations at Stations of the Second Order for 1886, pp. 180. Quarterly Weather Report of the Meteorological Office, Part II., April- June, 1880, pp. 70, with charts. Summary of Observations at Stations included in Daily and Weekly Weather Reports for October, November, December, 1880, and March to December, 1890. Weekly Weather Reports, May 24 to January 3, 1891. Quarterly Summary of Weekly Weather Reports, April-June, July- September, and October-December, 1890. Summary of the Weekly Weather Reports, 1890, Appendices L, II., III., IV. The Meteorological Office, London. Report of the Kew Committee for the year ending October 31, 1890. A Brief Notice respecting Photography in relation to Meteorological Work, by G. M. Whipple, B.Sc., etc., pp. 6. Appendix to the Report of the Kew Observatory for 1890, pp. 11. The Kew Observatory. Report of the Temple Observatory, Rugby, for 1^90, pp. 4. The Temple Observatory. Results of Meteorological, Magnetical, and Solar Observations at Stonyhurst College Observatory for 1889 and 1890, pp. 79 and 67. The Stonyhurst College Observatory. Report of Rousdon Observatory, Lyme Regis, for 1890. Sheet. C. E. Peek, F.R.A.S. Results of Observations of Fixed Stars with the Meridian Circle, at the Government Observatory, Madras, in 1868,1869 and 1870, pp. 266. The Madras Observatory. Annual Reports of the Smithsonian Institution to July, 1888, and July, 1889, pp. XLL, 839, and XLVL, 815. The Smithsonian Institution. Observations at the U.S. Naval Observatory in the year 1884, pp. XCII., 343, and Appendix, pp. XXV., 302. Observations at the U.S. Naval Observatory in the year 1885, pp. CVL, and 298, Appendix, pp. 354, with plates; Appendix II., pp. 22, with plates ; and Appendix III., pp. 169. The International Astrophotographic Congress, and a Visit to Certain European Observatories and Other Institutions, by A. G. Winterhalter, being Appendix I. to the Washington Observations for 1885, pp. 354, with plates. Saturn and its Ring, 1875-89, by Prof. A. Hall, being Appendix II. to Washington Observations for 1885, pp. 22, with plates. 21 -The Solar Parallax and its Related Constants, including the Figure and Density of the Earth, by Prof. W. Harkness, being Appendix III. to Washington Observations for 1885, pp. 169. Magnetic Observations at the U.S.N. Observatory, 1888 and 1889, pp. 100, with plates. Report of the U.S. Naval Observatory for year ending June 30, 1890, pp. 15. The U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, The American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac for 1893, 1st Edition, pp. 528. A New Theory of Jupiter and Saturn, by G. W. Hill, pp. 576. Discussion of Transits of Venus, 1761 and 1769, by Prof. S. Newcomb, pp. 142, two copies. Office of the American Ephemeris. Publications of the Washbum Observatory, Vol. VIL, Part 1., Meteor¬ ological Observations, 1887-88-89, pp. 87. The Washbum Observatory, U.S.A. Transactions of the Astronomical Observatory of Yale University; Vol. I., Part 1, containing Determination of the Relative Positions of the Principal Stars of the Pleiades, by W. L. Elkin, pp. 105, and Part 2, containing a Determination of the Orbit of Titan and the Mass of Saturn, by A. Hall, Jun., pp. 42. .Reports of the Yale University Observatory for the years 1889-90 and 1890-91, pp. 18 and 23. Yale University Observatory, U.S.A. The Progress of Chemical Theory, by Dr. P. Frazer, pp. 37. The Limits of Scientific Inquiry, by Dr. H. Hensoldt, pp. 18. On the Percentage of Iodine absorbed by Lard Oil, by the Hiibl Method, by R. Haines, pp. 15. Annual Report of the Director of the Drawing School of the Franklin Institute for the Sessions 1890-91, pp. 3. Report of Tests of a Compound Locomotive, built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, by George H. Barrus, M.E., pp. 55, with plates. The Utilization of the Power of Niagara Falls, &c., by C. Sellers, F.D., pp. 24. Ewing's Theory of Induced Magnetism, by Prof. H. Crew, pp. 10. Bulletins of the Franklin Institute for April, May, June, September, October, 1891.' The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Comparison of the Right Ascensions of Clock Stars in the Greenwich Ten-Year Catalogue for 1880, with the Fundamental Catalogues of the American Ephemeris, and the Astronomische Gesellschaft, by Prof. S. Newcomb, pp. 9. The Author. Publications of the Leander McCormick Observatory of the University of Virginia. Vol. 1., Part 5, Durchmusterung—23°, pp. 71. Thi Leander McCormick Observatory, U Anuario del Observatorio de la Plata, 1891, pp. 504. The Observatory, La Plata, Revista do Observatorio do Rio de Janeiro, Janeiro-Setembro, 1891. - Esbo90 de uma Climatologia do Brazil, por H. Morize, pp. 47." The Imperial Obsei'vatory, Rio de Janeiro, 23 Untersuchungen iiber das System der Cometen, 1843 I., 1880 I., und 1882 II. Theil IL, Der Grosse September-Comet 1882 II. (Forsetzung) von Dr. H. Kreutz, pp. 67. The Author. Genaherte Elemente und Ephemeride des Encke'schen Cometen fiir 1891, von O. Backlund, pp. 5. The Author. Beobachtungs - Ergebnisse der Koniglichen Sternwarte zu Berlin,. Beitrage zur Bestimmung der Mondbewegung und der Sonnen- parallaxe aus Beobachtungen von Sternbedeckungen am 6 f. Merz'schen Fernrohr der Berliner Sternwarte, von Dr. H. Battermann, pp. 42. Ihe Author. A propos de la Rotation de la Planete Venus, par L. Niesten, pp. 31r with plate. 7he Author. Jena, von Otto Knopf, pp. 6. The Author* The Stellar Cluster x Persei Micrometrically Surveyed, by O. A. L. Pihl, pp. 107, with plates. The Authorr Beschreibung der Ausstellungs-Gegenstande, von Prof. K. W. Zenger, pp. 36. The Author, Ephemeris for Physical Observations of Jupiter, 1891, by A. Marth,. pp. 17. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of the Moon, 1891, May 11 to- August 31, by A. Marth, pp. 4. The Author.- Results of Double-Star Measures at Sydney Observatory, 1882-90,- pp. 22. J. A. Pollock, The Structure of the Sidereal Universe, by T. W. Backhouse, F.R.A.S., k . pp. 21, with plates. The Author. The Zodiacal Light, by M. A. Veeder, M.D., pp. 12. The Author. A Catalogue of Rutherfurd's Photographic Plates of the Sun, the Moon,- and the Stars, by John K. Rees, pp. 8. Ihe Author. A Catalogue of Binary Stars for which Orbits have been Computed,- by J. E. Gore, M.R.I.A., &c., pp. 29. On the Orbit of the Binary Star 35 Comae Berenices = 2 1687, by J. E. Gore, M.R.I.A., &c., pp. 4. 24 Observations of the Variable Star Cephei, by J. £. Gore, F.R.A.S., pp. 2. .The Author. On the'74oz. Compressed-Air Flying-Machine, with four diagrams, by L. Hargraves, pp. 4. Nos. 13 and 14 Compressed-Air Flying-Machines, pp. 8, with plates, by L. Hargraves. On a Wave-propelled Vessel, by L. Hargraves, pp. 2, with plates. The Author. On the North-East Coast of British New Guinea, &c., by J. P. Thomson, F.R.S.G.S., &c., pp. 11. The Author. Zweites Verzeichniss von Meteorbahnen, herausg. von J. Plassmann, pp. 28. Beobachtungen Veranderlicher Sterne, von J. Plassmann, Theil 2, pp. 25. The Author. Plants Indigenous and Naturalised in the Neighbourhood of Sydney, by W. Woolls, Ph.D., &c., New Edition, pp. 71. On the Classification of Eucalypts, by W. Woolls, Ph.D., &c., pp. 18. l^he Author. Prize Essay on the Nature and Public Utility of Trigonometrical, General and Cadastral Survey, by G. H. Knibbs, pp. 43, with diagrams. The Author. Jupiter's Satellite-Shadows, by A. Freeman, p. 1. The Author. Observations of the Transit of Mercury, May 10, 1891, at Launceston, by A. B. Biggs, pp. 3. Observations of the Total Eclipse of the Moon, May 24, 1891, at Launceston, by A. B. Biggs, pp. 2. The Possibilities of the Telescope, by A. B. Biggs, pp. 7, with diagram. The Author. Proposed Railway from Richmond to Kurrajong. Report of Stanley Alexander, C.E., February, 1891, pp. 6, with map. Evidence and Appendices to the above, pp. 16. The Author. President's Address, by A. Leibius, before the Royal Society of New South Wales, May 6, 1891, pp. 45. The Author. Some Thoughts on Subjects Astronomical, by John Romanes, S.S.C., &c., pp. 58. The Author. Knowledge for August, 1891. Miss Aqnes M. Clerke. Knowledge, for May and June, 1891. The Editor. Sirius, Januar, 1891. The Editor. Turner and Henderson, Printers, Hunter Street, Sydney. EEPOET OF W. Tebbnlft ObgeflratoPjl, THE PENINSULA, \ WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES. FOR THE YESR 1892. BY JOHN TEBBTXTT. Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London : Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the British Astronomical Association ; Corresponding Member of the Societe Ethnographique of Paris, and Honorary Corresponding Member of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, SYDNEY: TURNER AND HENDERSON, PRINTERS, HUNTER STREET. 1893. CONTENTS. PAGE* Buildings and Instruments ...... 3 Position of the Observatory ...... r. ... & Meridian Work ...... 3; Instrumental Errors and Chronometer Errors and Rates 6 Extra-Meridian Work ...... 15' Meteorological Observations ...... 18 Publications ...... 18' The Library ...... 19' Personal Establishment...... 19" Observations recently Utilized ...... 20 Work Proposed for the Year 1893 ...... 21 Presents received for the Library during 1892 ...... 22 Errata ...... 31 REPOKT OF THE WINDSOR OBSERVATORY, For 1892. The following Report contains a summary of the work done at the Observatory during the year 1892, and it will be found to be about the most satisfactory yet presented. Buildings and Instruments. The buildings and instruments have not been added to during the year. An enlargement of the circular chamber which accommodates the 8-inch equatorial was contemplated, but this desirable improvement has not yet been carried out. Position of the Observatory. No further investigation of the geographical position of the Observatory has been made. The old co-ordinates are, therefore, still adopted, namely:—Longitude from Green¬ wich = lOh. 3m. 20*515. E.; Latitude = - 33° 36' 30-8". Meridian Work. The sidereal chronometer, John Poole, No. 2962, was employed throughout the year as the time-keeper of the Observatory, being regulated by means of the 3-inch transit instrument described in former reports. The customary table is given showing the errors of the transit instrument and of the chro¬ nometer, and it will be seen that the rate of the latter has been satisfactory. It will be unnecessary to repeat here the descrip¬ tion of the methods by which the errors of the transit instrument 4 are determined, and the reader is therefore referred to the report for 1890. The equatorial distances of the outer wires from the middle wire in sidereal time were adopted as : A = + 20-058s., B = + 10*4888., D = - 9-459s., E = - 19:018s. with a reduction of 4- O^Ms. to the middle wire for an equatorial star when all the wires have been observed. These values were derived from a reduction of all the transits of circumpolar stars observed in 1891. A reduction of all the transits of circumpolar stars for 1892 gives the following values :—A = 4- SO'OGOs., B = + 10-508s., D = - 9*4635., E = - 19*013s., with a reduction of + 0*418s. to the middle wire. These will be employed for 1893. It will be seen from the table that only one adjustment was made for level and that none was made, for either collimation or azimuth during the year. The number of separate determinations for level, collimation and azimuth were respectively 380, 43 and 163. To understand the steadiness of the last two adjustments it will only be necessary to inspect the following table, which gives the extreme values of the errors for each of the last five years, for it must be borne in mind that no adjustment has been made in either respect during that period :— Collimation Error. Azimuth Error. Year. No. of No. of Determina¬ Extremes. Determina¬ Extremes. Mean. tions. tions. it n II n n 1888. 54 +4*5 -1*5 89 -13*05 -0*28 —5*37 1889. 42 + 3-6 0*0 105 -14*94 -1*45 — 8*09 1890. 38 4-4*4 4-0*6 133 — 13*96 -3*92 -9.32 1891. 50 4-5*0 -0*4 186 -13*13 -1*29 -7.87 1892. 43 4-3*8 0*0 163 -10*30 4-0*24 -5*15 In the following table the errors enclosed in square brackets have been simply interpolated from preceding and following observed values. The apparent right ascensions of both clock and azimuth stars have throughout been interpolated from the American Ephemeris, and corrected for daily aberration. In this connection it will not, perhaps, be thought impertinent to 5 point out a serious defect in the Star Ephemeris of our own Nautical Almanac, and that is the almost total absence of stars useful for the determination of azimuths in the Southern Hemisphere. A few southern stars were added to the list in 1691, but they are not sufficiently south to afford good determi¬ nations of azimuth. The addition of stars of the 6th magnitude and upwards in high south declination, if only one for each hour of right ascension, would be a decided improvement in this respect; and it is hoped this suggestion may not pass unnoticed by the present worthy superintendent of the national ephemeris. 0 •SlISUBJJ, TCO CO CO oocsooocsoo o o ^ zd LO io go UE31M C0 7~' '""I rHi—lOr-Hf—I i—I O O O p o o o o o o pa^dopv 6 o o 66666666 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 CD •l^Aia^ui . 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"is O ^0cS ^ci O o cj *n *c 'ju o o ^ £ E O s n, -drt "O^ "O T3>^r, r-5 -T-SOO 3 3 3 'O cn C/3 K ~ CQ en CO "S £ CO 1^'S'S rt ^ ^•-T'cJ: c$ *00ci 'Soci 3 o 3 3 1 0 O *0 0 o ^ ^ tJD be fcfi O ^ o ^ cr 0 O CO O CJ P o o o .22 Ko T" I I I I I I 1 I I ^0^. I I I I I I I I jq I I I I I 1 A I I I I » I I I -y 1 I ' I E + ^ OO^iT^rHprHOOr^ip^pipC^-^.^PiOiprjHHH( ^ CO ^ (NCq^C CO ^CO,COr?rHOTf & §PH &:>'>-WWWwS^^>' \A \> S PHW'WWW § ^ •S^ISUBJX JO -OM 00 ^lO OCOX^rHlOOO^OrHrHtM O C0*OT?IO 00 IQ CM. rHCO rHHHlO rH X^OOOiOC^CO^lOOOOOSrHr-lrHCN(M(M(MCMCM "qjoj a t« O rH CO !M O rH CM o o rH E*5 c •-H rH CO » 0 tH rH CM p x^ p 00 rH 00 r—( HH i>. "H 6 rH CO 6 1S2 lO O rH rH rH6 CM CM CMo CO TT!6 o o C5 05 O O O O o o O o O a rH rH rH rH rH iH rH rH rH •japiu • o rH o CO -ouojq^ CO o rH -H 00CO r*lO -f00 «HCO lOCO o o asd SJISLIBJJ^ jo U'K3I\I X o rH rH rH CO CO rH CM CO rH CM 00 CM -3 rf £ = gH tfl ~ 8 § 8 CJ 3 rt >-w O £ •r- £ ort rto ._.^> Extra-Meridian Work. ALTHOUGH the year 1892 was characterised by a very large proportion of cloudy nights, an unusually large amount of good work was done in this department. It is as follows :— OCCULTATIONS OF Stars BY THE Moon.—Observations of these phenomena were made with the 8 and 44-inch equatorials comprising twenty-six disappearances at the dark and six at the bright limb, and six reappearances at the dark and seven at the bright limb, altogether forty-five phases. All the stars with the exception of one were identified from equatorial observations at the time, and nearly all of them are to be found in modern catalogues. Eleven of the stars in the occultation list of the Nautical Almanac, were observed in both phases. The observations have been forwarded to the Astronomische Nach- richten. Last year's work brings the total number of occultation phases observed here during the period 1864-92 up to 534, namely, 494 disappearances and 40 reappearances. It may be added that care is always taken ^o secure a group of star- transits for time as near as possible to the observation of an occultation. Phenomena of Jupiter's Satellites.—The 8-inch equa¬ torial was usually employed in observing these phenomena, but in consequence of the unusually heavy work in the comet department few observations have been secured. They are as follows:—Transit ingress—1.1, II.1, III.l; Transit egress—1.2, III.l ; Occultation disappearances, II.1, III.l ; Occultation reap¬ pearances, III.l ; Eclipse reappearances, 1.4, II.2. Observations were made on two or three occasions of the phenomena pre¬ sented by the third satellite in transit across the disc of its primary. These have already appeared in the publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Conjunction of Mars and Iota Aquarii.—Twenty good comparisons of the planet and star were obtained shortly after the conjunction by means of the filar micrometer on the 8-inch equatorial, and the results have been published in the R.A.S. Monthly Notices. COMETS.—Four comets have been observed during the year. The Kiel cable message announcing the discovery by Swift of a bright comet on March 6 was received here on the 9th, but the 16 comet could not be observed till the morning of the 11th, civil time. An excellent set of comparisons was obtained with the 8-inch telescope and filar micrometer. Cloudy weather then intervened, and it was not till the morning of the 22nd that another position could be secured. It was steadily followed from that time till May 3, when it had gone too far north for observation. The comet throughout the period of its visibility could be well seen in a bright field, and admitted of accurate observation. It was observed on March 10, 21, 22, 26, April 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, astronomical time, with the 8-inch, and on April 30, May 1, 2, with the 4^-inch telescope. Altogether 246 comparisons were obtained, the number of com¬ parison stars being 29. The results have long since been pub¬ lished in the Astronomische Naclwichten. The second observed comet was the well-known periodical comet of Winnecke. It was found with the 4^-inch equatorial on June 12 in the position assigned to it in Dr. von Haerdtl's ephemeris, but as it was low in the north-west, and therefore favourably situated for northern observers, no observations were then attempted. It passed conjunction with the sun on July 7, and was first observed here on July 17 as a morning object, and was well followed till September 27. The astronomical dates of observation are July 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, August 2, 3, 15, 23, 25, 26, 27, September 16. 17, 18, 20, 22, 26, 27. The comparisons were made with the square bar-micrometer in a dark field, the 4^-inch telescope being employed on July 17 and the 8-inch instrument on the other dates. The total number of comparisons is 248, and of the comparison stars 29. The results have recently appeared in the Astronomische Nachrichten, the R.A.S. Monthly Notices, and the Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales. On November 12 a cable message from London appeared in the colonial newspapers announcing that a comet had been discovered in the constellation Andromeda, and a few days after¬ wards another appeared to the effect that the comet would be within a million of miles of the earth on November 27. There was no difficulty in finding the object with an ordinary opera- glass, and it was found that both it and the Great Nebula could be embraced in the same field of view. Bearing in mind the startling announcement in the newspapers and the fact that the comet was near the radiant of the Andromeds, the author strongly 17 suspected that our new visitor might turn out to be a fragment of the lost comet of Biela. The object was accordingly followed till it was barely distinguishable. Observations, rough in their character, were secured on November 13, 15, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, with the square bar-micrometer on the 4i-inch equatorial^ embracing 50 comparisons and 5 comparison stars. The resulting positions have recently appeared in the Astronomische Nachrichten and the Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales. It was soon obvious that the comet could have no relation to that of Biela. The fourth comet observed here is that discovered by Brooks on August 28 last. After being well observed in the northern hemisphere it came south and was first seen here on the morning of November 29, civil time. It was well observed till the close of the year with a square bar-micrometer on the 4^ and 8-inch equatorials, the astronomical dates of observation being November 28, 29, December 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 23, 24, 28, 29, the number of comparisons 177 and the comparison stars 23. It has since been well followed down to June 19, 1893, but these observations will properly be accounted for in the report for that year. It may here be men¬ tioned that in accordance with a request from Professor Krueger, of the Royal Observatory, Kiel, a search was made for Comet Tempel, 1867, II., in the region indicated in Gautier's sweeping ephemeris. The sweep was carefully made on June 19, between 17h. 30m. and 18h. 50m. of R.A. and 25° and 32° of south declination, which well covers the ephemeris positions on the three assumptions of perihelion passage, but although the moon was absent and the sky brilliantly clear no trace could be found of the comet. , Double Stars.—The following southern double stars were observed with the 8-inch equatorial, and the measures have already been published by the Royal Astronomical Society:— p Eridani, h 4373, a Crucis, y Centauri, y Virginis, /? Muscae, h 4634, a Centauri, tt Lupi, Lacaille 6477, p Ophiuchi, 36 Ophiuchi, Brisbane 6556, and y Coronae Australis. Variable Stars.—A few comparisons of y Argus and R. Carinae were made with neighbouring stars. It is very much to be regretted that the author's close application to other departments of observation has prevented due attention to these two interesting variables. B 18 Meteorological Observations. These were made regularly at 9h. a.m. throughout the year, and the rainfall results have been sent to the Government Astronomer for incorporation with similar results obtained at the numerous stations in the colony under his superintendence. Last year is the thirtieth in this department of observation. Publications. The following is a list of the papers published by the author in scientific journals, being a continuation of that which appeared in previous reports:— Observations of Ceres and of Comets, 1891, II. (Wolf), and 1892, I. (Swift).—See Report for 1891, and p. 15 of the present Report. Astronomische Nachrichten, Band CXXXL, No. 3123, p. 41; Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales, Vol. XXVI., p. 335. The Conjunction of Venus and Jupiter, 1892, Feb. 6 (as a test of the power of unassisted vision).—Cloudy weather prevented the observation of this phenomenon at Windsor, but in response to the author's suggestion it was observed with the naked eye by several persons in New South Wales. The paper embodies the observations thus made, and the conclusion derived from them. Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Vol. II., p. 325. Observations of the Phenomena of Jupiter's Satellites in 1891.—See Report for 1891, p. 15. R.A.S. Monthly Notices, Vol. LII., p. 598. Observations of Winnecke's Comet in 1892.—See this Report, p. 16. R.A.S. Mojithly Notices, Vol. LIII., p. 70, and Astronomische Nachrichten, Band CXXXL, No. 3144, p. 405. Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales, Vol. XXVI., p. 335. Observations of Comet, 1892, III. (Holmes).—See this Report, p. 16. Astronomische Nachrichte7iy Band CXXXII., No. 3146, p. 25. Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales, Vol. XXVI., p. 332. Physical Observations of Jupiter's Satellites in TRANSIT.—The following transits were observed :—rSat. II., September 12, 1891; Sat. . III., October 2, 1891; Sat. I., 19 October 19, 1891; Sat. III., October 30, 1892; Sat. III., December 12, 1892. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. V., 1893, No. 28, p. 40. Observations of Maks and l Aquarii near their Conjunction, 1892, November 4.—See this Report, p. 15! R.AS. Monthly Notices, Vol. LIIL, p. 341. r1 Arietis—Is it Single, Double, or Triple?—This communication furnishes extraordinary phenomena observed during the occultation of this star at the moon's dark limb, at Windsor, on January 26, 1893, which point strongly to the probable triple character of the star. Journal of the British Astronomical Associationj Vol. III., No. 4, p. 187. Results of Double Star Measures at Windsor, N.S.W., in 1892. P.AS. Monthly Notices, Vol. OIL, p. 369. The Library. This important department of the Observatory continues to be enriched by presents from various scientific institutions and individuals. A list of all the presents during the year is presented at the close of this Report with the best acknowledg¬ ments of the proprietor. It will, perhaps, be again advisable to notify correspondents and donors of publications that the author's complete address is "The Observatory, the Peninsula, Windsor, New South Wales, Australia." It is particularly requested that the name of the Colony may be given in the address, inasmuch as Australia is a term which embraces several " Colonies " and several "Windsors." Personal Establishment. This remains the same as in former years. All the astro¬ nomical and nearly all the meteorological observations have been made by the proprietor. During an occasional absence from home, the latter observations have been made by his son. The greater portion of the astronomical reductions has been made by the former. As a computer is not permanently engaged, he has to avail himself of occasional assistance. It is, however, difficult to get the occasional services of a quick and accurate computer. Mr. Murray L. Allen, of Collectpr, has been engaged in the calculation of star reductions, parallax factors, and sundry 20 other data ; but check calculations of these results have been made by different forms by the author himself. Those calcula¬ tions which are not done in duplicate are usually made according to forms, which are themselves in their nature self-checking. The meteorological sums and means have been calculated by the author's son, and also by Mr. Victor Mayers. The latter has also been employed in some other reductions which required the use of natural numbers only. Every precaution has been taken to make both the observations and their reductions as trustworthy as possible. The author has again to acknowledge the volunteer services of Mr. R. T. A. Innes, of Sydney, F.R.A.S., in providing him with his prediction-calculations of the occul- tations of Nautical Almanac stars. Observations Recently Utilized. The Windsor measures of 7 Coronae Australis in 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890 and 1891, and of y Centauri in 1882, 1887, 1888, and 1890 have recently been employed by Mr. J. E. Gore, F.R.A.S., in redeterminations of the orbits of these interesting binaries. The measures of a Centauri in 1881, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1890 and 1891, have also been turned to account by Mr. E. B. Powell, F.R.A.S. in testing the elements published by him in the Monthly Notices for April, 1886. See R.AS.-Monthly Notices, Vol. LIL, pp. 503 to 508. The measures of y Coronae Australis have also been availed of by Mr. R. P. Sellers, B.A., of the Sydney Observatory, in a more recent investigation of the orbit of this star. See R.AS. Monthly Notices, Vol. LIIL, p. 45. In Dr. Friedrich Hayn's elaborate memoir " Bahn- bestimmung des Cometen, 1862, III.," published in 1889, but only recently received, the Windsor observations of that celebrated comet are fully discussed. This circumstance is peculiarly interesting in the history of the Observatory, because the observations referred to were made under great difficulties, and were the first ever published by the author in the astronomical journals of the northern hemisphere. The older of the two observatories had not been erected at the time, and the differential measures of the comet and stars of comparison, were made by means of a ring-micrometer adapted to the old Si-inch refractor, which was itself mounted on a tripod in the open air, and without divided circles of any kind. The time keeper was a 21 common, but excellent eight-day hall clock with seconds pendulum ; it was regulated from sextant observations, and its beats were just audible at the telescope. See " History and Description of the Observatory," pp. 5, 20, 38, and 40. The comparison stars were identified by observing their transits across the field of the telescope in connection with other stars plainly visible to the naked eye, these latter being themselves identified by sextant observations taken on the same evening. In Dr. Hayn's investigation, the residuals have turned out as satisfactory as can be expected under the circumstances thus detailed. The greatest divergences from the provisional orbit are almost wholly in the declination results, a circumstance which might be expected from the use of a simple ring-micrometer. The Windsor telescope was, moreover, the smallest employed at the twenty-seven stations from which the comet was observed. The Windsor observations of Comet, 1886, II., have just been utilized by Pfarrer A. Thraen in his "Definitive Bahnbestim- mung des Cometen, 1886, 11." in Astronomische Nachrichten, Nos. 3160 and 3161. The observations were made with a square bar-micrometer on the 4^-inch equatorial, and have turned out equal to those made with much larger instrumental means. The fifteen Windsor positions originally published have, without a single rejection, been accepted for the final correction of the orbit. Work Proposed for the Year 1893. The main work of the Observatory consists of the observations of lunar occultations of stars, southern comets and the meteorological instruments, and these three objects will be kept steadily in view. Many suggestions have been received from eminent astronomers as to work desirable to be done, but the author much regrets that he is unable to comply with them. Indeed, the time is at hand, when he will have to seek some relaxation, for the work during the past few years has been sufficient to tax his powers to the utmost. In due time, however, he trusts to take up the work again with renewed energy. July 1st, 1893. 22 PRESENTS RECEIVED FOR THE LIBRARY DURING THE YEAR 1892. [Note.—The Names of the Donors are printed in Italics.] Description of the Star Camera at the Sydney Observatory, pp. 12, with plates. Results of Double Star Measures at Sydney Observatory, pp. 22. Preparations now being made in Sydney Observatory for the Photo¬ graphic Chart of the Heavens, by H. C. Russell, B.A., etc., pp. 10, with plates. Results of Meteorological Observations in N. S. Wales, during 1889, pp. VIIL, 148, with maps. Meteorological Observations in N. S. Wales, 1880, 1881, 1882. Meteorological Observations in N. S. Wales, 1883, 1884. Results of Rain, River and Evaporation Observations in N. S. Wales, during 1890, pp. 174, with maps, two copies. Cyclonic Storm or Tornado in the Gwyder District, by H. C. Russell, B.A., etc., pp. 3. Note on the Rate of Growth of some Australian Trees, by H. C, Russell, B.A.. etc., pp. 4. Physical Geography and Climate of N. S. Wales, by H. C. Russell, B.A., etc., 2nd Ed. pp. 35, with maps and two diagrams. The Government Observatory, Sydney. Monthly Record of Results of Observations in Meteorology, Terrestrial Magnetism, etc., at the Melbourne Observatory, etc., from September, 1891, to June, 1892, both inclusive. l-he Government Observatory, Melbourne. Meteorological Observations at Adelaide Observatory and other places in South Australia, etc., in 1889. Monthly Rainfall Returns for South Australia, from October, 1891, to August, 1892, both inclusive. The Governvient Observatory, Adelaide, Standard Weather Chart of Australasia and Surrounding Regions, for 1892, March 28, 9 h. a.m. The Government Weather Bureau, Brisbane* Monthly Record of Meteorological Observations at Hobart, etc., for 1891, November and December. The Government Meteorological Observatory, Hobart. Proceedings and Transactions of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, Vol. VIL, Parts I. and II. The Queensland Branch of the R. Geograph. Society of Australasia. The Surveyor for 1892. Complete in Monthly Parts. The Institution of Surveyors, New South Wales. Report of the Trustees of the Free Public Library, Sydney, for 1891, pp. 15. The 'Free Public Library, Sydney. 23 Astronomical Explanation of a Glacial Period, by Sir R. Ball, Section A., Hobart, January 8, 1892, pp. 8, two copies. Remarks on the above Paper, by A. B. Biggs, pp. 5. Report of Committee No. 1, Seismological Phenomena in Australasia, pp. 33. On the Proposed " Leake " School of Practical Astronomy, by H. C. Russell, F.R.S., etc., pp. G. On the Application of Photography to Geological Work, by J. H. Harvey, Section C., pp. 2. On the Presence of Magnetite in certain Minerals and Rocks, by A. Liversidge, M.A., etc., pp. 8. On Iron Rust Possessing Magnetic Properties, by A. Liversidge, M.A., etc., pp. 18. The Anst. Association for the Advancement of Science, Hobart. Results of Astronomical and Meteorological Observations at Radcliffe Observatory in 1887, Vol. XLV., pp. XX., 112, XIII., 131. The Radcliffe IVustees. Second Glasgow Catalogue of 2156 Stars for 1890, by R. Grant, M.A., etc., pp. XXXVL, 182. The Glasgow Observatory. Weekly Weather Reports from January 10 to July 15, 1891, and Quarterly Summary. Weekly Weather Reports from August 1, 1891, to January 2, 1892, with Monthly Summaries for 1891. Monthly Weather Reports, May to December, 1887. Quarterly Weather Reports, Part III., July-September, 1880, and Part IV., October-December, 1880. Hourly Means of the Readings, etc., at Four Stations under the Meteoro¬ logical Council, 1887. Hourly Means at the Four Observatories under the Meteorological Council, 1888, pp. 112. Report of the Meteorological Council to the Royal Society for the year ending March 31, 1891, pp. 106. Meteorological Observations at Stations of the Second Order for 1887. Harmonic Analysis of Hourly Observations of Air Temperature and Pressure at British Observatories, pp. 92. Ten Years' Sunshine in the British Isles, 1881-1890, pp. 58, with maps. The Meteorological Office, London. Report of the Kew Committee for the Fourteen Months ending Decem¬ ber 31, 1891, pp. 34. The Kew Observatory. Results of the Meteorological and Magnetical Observations at Stony- hurst College Observatory for 1891, pp. 73. The Stofiyhurst College Observatory. Report on the Temple Observatory, Rugby, for 1891, pp. 2. The Temple Observatory. Lunar Radiant Heat, measured at Birr Castle Observatory during the Total Eclipse of January 28, 1888, by Otto Boeddicker, (Ph.D.,) pp. 17, with diagrams. Birr Castle Observatory, JBarsonstown. 24 Report of Wolsingham Observatory for 1891, pp. 2. Tfie Wolsingham Observato?'y. Results of Observations of the Fixed Stars with the Meridian Circle at the Government Observatory, Madras, in 1871, 1872 and 1873, . pp. XIX., 266, and in 1874, 1875 and 1876, pp. XXIIL, 168. Results of Meteorological Observations at Madras, 1861-1890, pp. 394. The Government Observatory, Madras. The Monthly Weather Review from August, 1891, to July, 1892, both inclusive. Toronto General Meteorological Register for 1891. Report of the Meteorological Service of the Dominion of Canada, by C. Carpmael, M.A., &c., for 1888, pp. XLIV., 293. The Meteorological Office, Toronto. Report of the U.S.N. Observatory for the year ending June 30, 1891, pp. 13. Observations made at the U.S.N. Observatory, Washington, during 1886, pp. XCIX., 221 and 100, with plates; also during 1887, pp. LXXXV., 170, with three Appendices, pp. 37, 99, 261, and 10 plates. Meteorological Observations and Results at the U.S.N. Observatory, 1883-1887, pp. 261. A Report upon some of the Magnetic Observatories of Europe, by C. C. March, U.S.N., pp. 37, with 6 plates. Magnetic Observations at the U.S.N. Observatory in 1890, by J. A. Hoogewerff, U.S.N., pp. 99, with 4 plates. Magnetic Disturbances, 75th Meridian, M.T., from January to May, 1892; sheet. Astronomical Papers for the use of the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, comprising Vol. IL, Part VI.; the N.P. Distances of the Greenwich and Washington Transit Circles, and the Constant of Nutation, by Prof. S. Newcomb, p. 407 to 490, two copies; Vol. III., Part V., Periodic Perturbations of the Four Inner Planets, by S. Newcomb, p. 391 to p. 574, two copies. The U.S.N. Observatory, Washington. The American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac for 1894, 1st. Ed. pp. 532. Office of the American Ephemeris. Reports on the Observations of the Total Eclipse of the Sun, Dec. 21-22, 1889, and of the Total Eclipse of the Moon, July 22, 1888, pp. 121, with plates, and Catalogue of the Library of the Lick Observatory, part I. to July 1, 1890, pp. 121. The Lick Observatory. Bulletin of the Franklin Institute for Nov., Dec., 1891, Jan., March, April, May, Sept., Oct., 1892. The Port of Philadelphia, by Prof. L. M. Haupt, C.E., pp. 23. The United States Life-Saving Service, by H. L. Piper, pp. 22. Joves' Autograph, by W. N. Jennings, pp. 3, with plates. Hearing Metal Alloys, by C. B. Dudley, Ph.D., pp. 23. Philadelphia as a Seaport, by Capt. F. A. Mahan, pp. 34. 25 Aluminium—Its Manufacture and Uses from an Engineering Standpoint, by A. E. Hunt, C.E., pp. 31. Annual Report of the Director of the Drawing School of the Franklin Institute for 1891-92, pp. 2. List of Duplicates recently added to the Library of the Franklin Institute, pp. 8. A Practical Consideration of Compressed Air, by W. L. Saunders, C.E., pp. 24, with diagram. Eyesight in Middle Life and Old Age, with hints for its care, &c., by L. W. Fox, M.D., pp. 16. Notes on the Blast Furnace, by J. M. Hartman, pp. 14, with plates. A Motor without Fuel, and the Second Principle of Thermo Dynamics, by Dr. H. Mahner, pp. 20. The Present Status of the Storage Battery System of Street Railway Propulsion, by P. G. Salom, pp. 10. Oleomargarin, by Prof. G. C. Caldwell, pp. 30. T/ie Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Report of the Yale University Observatory for 1891-92, pp. 26. Yale University Observatory. The Californian Illustrated Magazine for April, 1892. The Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. photograph of the Equatorial of the Warner Observatory. The Warner Observatory, U.S.A. Rapport Annuel sur TEtat de ll'Observatoire de Paris pour 1891, pp. 39. The Paris Observatory. Relations des Phdnomenes Meteorologiques deduites de leur variations diurnes et annuelles, par Ch. Andre, pp. 168, including 6 plates. .Meteorologie Lyonnaise par Ch. Andr6, 1887-88, pp. 75,- 1888-89, pp. 81, et 1889-90, pp. 85. Recherches sur TEquation Personnelle, par M. F. Gonnessiat, pp. 167. The Observatory, Lyons. Per Brorsen'sche Comet, I. Theil, Die Verbindung der Erscheinungen, 1873, und 1879, und die Vorausberechnung fiir 1890, von Prof. Dr. E. Lamp, pp. 68. The Royal Observatory, Kiel, •Gottinger Stern-Catalog fiir 1860, nach Beobachtungen von Klinkerfues. pp. XXVIIL, 77. The Royal Observatory Gottingen. Magnetische und Meteorologische Beobachtungen an der k. k. Sternwarte zu Prag im Jahre, 1891, pp. XVL, 41. The Observatory, Prague. JMeteorologische Beobachtungen angestellt am Haynald-Observatorium zu Kalocsa, 1886-88, pp. 142, with diagrams. . Archbishop Haynald's Observatory, Kalocsa. 26 Publicationen der v'Kuffner'schen Sternwarte in Wien (Ottakring), Band II. und 4 Tafeln. Abth. I., pp. 253; Abth. IL, pp. 146. von Kuffner's Observatory, Vienna. Recherches sur la Rotation du Soleil, par N. C. Duner, pp. 78, with diagrams. Om lakttagelserna vid Upsala Observatorium fiir Equinoktiats Bestam- ning varen och Hosten, 1889, af K. Bohlin och C. A. Schultz- Steinheil, pp. 58. Definitive Bahn-Elemente des Kometen, 1840, IV., von. C. A. Schultz- Steinheil, pp. 28. The Up sal Observatory. Bestamningar af polhojden for observatorium i Helsingfors, af A. Donner, pp. 84. Walbeck's Abhandlung " De Forma et magnitudine telluris/, pp. 12. The Observatory, Helsingfors. Meteorologische Beobachtungen angestellt in Dorpat, 1890, pp. 64, und 1891, pp. 64. Bericht iiber die Ergebnisse der Beobachtungen an der Regenstationen etc., fiir 1889, 1890 und 1891, pp. 34. The Meteorological Observatorv, Dorpat. Observations faites au Cercle Meridien a TObservatoire de Varsovie par I. Wostokoff. Partie I., pp. VIII., 322. The University Observatory>, Warsaw* Annales de TObservatoire de Kiew. Vol. III., pp. 237. The Observatory, Kiew. Osservazioni Meterologiche fatte neH'anno 1890, airOsservatorio della R. Universita di Torino, pp. 53. Di un Notevole Tipo Isobarico Subalpino nota del Dott. G. B. Rizzo, pp. 16, with plates. Variazioni prodotte dal Galore in alcuni Spettri d'Assorbimento nota del Dott, G. B. Rizzo, pp. 9, with plates. Azimut Assoluto del Seguale Trigonometrico di Monte Vesco su'lForri- zonte di Torino determinate negli anni 1890 e 1891 da F. Porro, pp. 52. Effemeridi del Sole e della Luna per Torrizonte di Torino, 1892, T. Aschieri, pp. 16. The Observatory, Turin. R. Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera in Milano, Osservazioni Meteoro- logiche, 1891. The Observatory, Milan. Sulla Constante della Collimaziond del Cerchio Meridiano Reichenbach- Heurteux del R. Osservatorio di Capodimonte, del Dott. F, Contarino, pp. 8. Determinazioni Assolute della Componente Orrizontale della Forza Magnetica Terrestre fatte nel R. Osservatorio di Capodimonte neH'anno 1889, del Dott. F. Contarino, p. 11. 27 Determinazioni Assolute della Inclinazione Magnetica nel R. Osserva- torio di Capodimonte, 1889-90-91, nota del Dottor F. Angelitti, pp. 6. Riassunti Decadici e Mensili delle Osservazioni Meteoriche fatte nel R. Osservatorio di Capodimonte, 1889 and 1890, del Dr. F. Contarino, pp. 6 and 6. Determinazioni Assolute della Declinazione Magnetica nel R. Osserva-- torio di Capodimonte, 1890, del Dr. F. Angelitti, pp 5. * SulFerrore di Collimazione negli strumenti Meridiani nota del E. Fergola, pp. 4. Osservazioni Meteoriche fatte nel R. Osservatorio di Capodimonte,* 1889-90-91. Posizioni Apparenti di alcune Stella delFEridano osservate nel R.- Osservatorio di Capodimonte, E. Fergola, pp. 7. The Observatory, Capodimonte, Naples* Die Triangulation von Java, Dritte Abtheilung, von Dr. J. A. C. Oudemans, pp. 180, with maps and diagrams. The Netherlands Governmentr Revista do Observatorio do Rio de Janeiro, 1891, Outubro, Novembro, 1892, Janeiro. The Imperial Observatory, Rio de Janeiro. Anuario del Observatorio Astronomico Nacional de Tacubaya, 1892, pp. 391. Boletin del Observatorio Astronomico Nacional de Tacubaya, Tomo I.,. No. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. The Observatory, Tacubaya.- Anuario del Observatorio de la Plata para el ano 1892, pp. 148. The Observatory, La Plata. Annual Report of the Central Meteorological Observatory, Tokio,. Japan, for 1890, parts I. and II. The Obse?'vatory, Tokio, Japan, Meteorological Observations at Rousdon Observatory, Devon, for 1891, by C. E. Peek, M.A., etc., pp. 31 (two copies). The Author.- The Problem of Probable Error as applied to Meteorology, by T. W. Backhouse, pp. 5. The Author. On the Application of Measuring Rods to Photographic Pictures, by J. Sidebotham. On Celestial Photography, by A. Brothers, F.R.A.S. Remarks on the Barometric Disturbances during October, November and December, 1865, by Mr. Vernon. Note on the Variable Star T Aquilae, by Mr. Baxendell, F.R.A.S., being Extracts from the Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, Vol. V., No. 8, Session 1865-G6. Observations of Comet I., 1861, by Joseph Baxendell, F.R.A.S., pp. 4. 28 •Observations of the New Variable Star T. Coronoe, by same, pp. G. Observations of the Meteoric Shower of November 13-14, 1866, by same, pp. 4. On the Relations between the Decrement of Temperature on Ascending in the Atmosphere and other Meteorological Elements, by same, pp. 14. On a Diurnal Inequality in the Direction and Velocity of the Wind, etc., by same, pp. 9. On Observations of Atmospheric Ozone, by same, pp. 12. Observations of Dr. Klein's New Lunar Crater near Hyginus, at Birk- dale, by same, pp. 11. Abstract of Results of Meteorological Observations, Borough of South- port, for 1891, by J. Baxendell, pp. 11. Joseph Baxendell. Remarks on Sir Robert Ball's Paper, entitled " The Astronomical Explanation of a Glacial Period," by A. B. Biggs. The Author. Histoire de TAstronomie a Toulouse de Torigine a la Fondation de Tobservatoire actuel, par M. X Bigourdan, pp. 46, with plate. G- The Author. Monographie de TObservatoire de Nice, par C. Gamier, with 36 large plates. Bischoffscheim, Membre de ITnstitut de France. On the Reappearance of Saturn's Ring, by the Rev. A. Freeman, pp. 4. On the Illumination of Saturn's Rings during Sunrise, and on Recent Observations of their Reappearance, by Rev. A. Freeman, M.A., pp. 7. The Author. Bulletin de la Societe Oceannienne, Tome I., 1892, No. 2 (two copies). John Fraser, B.A. On Certain Geometrical Operations, Part I., by G. Fleuri, pp. 10, with plate. The Author. On the Orbit of y Coronae Australis, pp. 2, by J. E. Gore (two copies). On the Orbit of y Centauri, by J. E. Gore, pp. 2 (two copies). On the Orbit of the Binary Star t Leonis (2 1536), by J. E. Gore, M.R.I.A., etc., pp. 4. The Pleiades, by J. E. Gore, F.R.A.S., etc., pp. 7. On the Orbit of OS 269, by J. E. Gore, p. 1. The Author. Address by the President (W. H. Hamlet) to Section B, Chemistry and and Mineralogy, of the Australasian Association for the Advance¬ ment of Science, pp. 16. The Author. Flying Machine Work and the -J- I.H.P. Steam Motor, weighing 3i lbs., by L. Hargraves, pp. 6, with 9 plates. The Author. 29 Secular Perturbations of the Earth's Orbit by Mars, by R. T. A. Innes, F.R.A.S. T/ie Author. Moore's Sixpenny Almanac—1892. Rev. S. y. Johnson, M.A. Elementary Principles Governing the Efficiency of Spectroscopes for Astronomical Purposes, by James E. Keeler, pp. 21. The Star Spectroscope of the Lick Observatory, by J. E. Keeler, pp. 5, with plates. The Author. Ephemeris of the Satellites of Neptune, 1891-92, pp. 2, by A. Marthr F.R.A.S. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of the Moon, 1891, November 9' to December 25, pp. 2, by same. Ephemeris of the Satellites of Saturn, 1891-92, pp. 10, by same. On the Conjunction of Venus and Jupiter, 1892, February 5-6, pp. 3, by same. Ephemerides of the Satellites of Saturn, 1891-92 (continued), by same. Ephemerides of the Satellites of Saturn, 1891-92 (concluded), pp. 7,. by same. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of Mars, 1892, pp. 7, by same. Ephemeris of the Satellites of Mars, 1892, pp. 4, by same. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of Jupiter, 1892, pp. 18, by same. Note on the Occultation of the Star, 73 Piscium, 6*4 mag. by Jupiter on 1892, May 23, p. 1, by same. The Author. Beobachtungen Veranderlicher Sterne, von J. Plassman, Dritter Theil,. pp. 23. The Author. The Surveyor, for May 7, 1889. A. 0. Powys* President's Address before the Royal Society of New South Wales,. May 4, 1892, pp. 51, by H. C. Russell, B.A., etc. The Author. Universal Time Measurement, pp. 11, by J. P. Thomson, F.R.S.G.S.,. etc. Practical Suggestions to Travellers, with illustrations, pp. 31, by same. The Author L'Histoire de la Decouverte de la Planete Neptune, par Em. Liaisr reproduit par A. Tischner. Le Mouvement de la Lumiere, pp. 11, par A. Tischner. The Author. , g/ ^ t TURNER AND HENDERSON, PRINTERS, SYDNEY. REPORT OF THE PENINSULA, WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES, FOH TJ1E 1893. BY TEBBUTT, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the British Astronomical Association ; Corresponding Member of the Societe Ethnographique of Paris, and Honorary Corresponding Member of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. SYDNEY: J. A. THOMPSON, PRINTER AND PUBLISHER, lA HUNTER STREET. 1894. REPORT OF Ptr. Wktt's ®(tserl)ator!}, THE PENINSULA, WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES, FOH TfiB YEH^ 1893. JOHN TEBBUTT, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the British Astronomical Association; Corresponding Member of the Societe Ethnographique of Paris, and Honorary Corresponding Member of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. SYDNEY : J. A. TIIOMrSON, PRINTER AND TUliLISIIET:, lA HUNTER STREET. 1894. OOZtTTZEjUSTTS. PAGE. Buildings and Instruments ...... 3 Position of the Observatory ...... 3 Meridian Work ...... 3 Instrumental Errors and Chronometer Errors and Rates... 6 Extra-Meridian Work ... 16 Meteorological Observations ...... 17 Publications ...... 17 THE Library ...... 18 Personal Establishment ... .. 18 Observations Recently Utilized ...... 18 Work Proposed for the Year 1894 ...... 19 Presents Received for the Library during the Year 1893 ... 20 Errata...... 25 6" 4 5* :R,:E]:po:R/T OP THE WINDSOR OBSERVATORY For 1893. It will be seen from the Report which follows, that there has been no relaxation in the work of the Observatory during the year 1893. The work done is quite equal in every respect to that of previous years. Buildings and Instruments. The proposed enlargement of the circular chamber, accommodating the 8-inch equatorial refractor, is now in progress. The old wooden structure is not only exceedingly inconvenient as regards size, but it will soon become useless in consequence of the inroads of the white ant. A substantial building of brick is now in course of erection, with an in¬ ternal diameter of eighteen feet. The telescope will be retained in its present position, and the old structure of wood will, of course, be removed as soon as the new building is completed. Position of the Observatory. The co-ordinates of the Observatory are as given in the last Report, namely:—Longitude from Greenwich = 1 Oh. 3m. 20,51s. E. ; Latitude = -33° 36' SO-S". Meridian Work. Throughout the year 1893, the sidereal chronometer, John Poole, No. 2962, was employed in connection with the 3-inch transit instrument as the time-keeper of the Observatory. It will be unnecessary to enter here into a description of the methods by which the errors of the transit instrument and the chronometer are determined, as this is fully given in the Report for 1890. It may, however, be stated that the reductions of the star transits were, from the beginning of the year to the end of 4 October, effected by means of the equatorial values of the transit wires deduced from all the transits of circumpolar stars observed in 1892, namely ;—A= +20-060s., B= + 10-508s., D = - 9*463s., - 19*013s., with a correction of +0*418s. to the middle wire when all the wires were observed. For some time it was suspected that the correction + 0'418s. was too small. At the close of October a re-determination of the equatorial values from all the transits of circumpolar stars previously observed in 1893 was made, which revealed the circumstance that a sensible change had taken place between February 14 and 17 in the distances of wires A and B from the middle wire C. The following are the resulting equatorial values before and after the change of distance: Equatorial values from circumpolar transits Jan. I to Feb. 14 :— A + 20-057s., B + 10-523s., D-9-400S., E-18-987s. Equatorial values from circumpolar transits Feb. 17 to Oct. 31 :— A + 20-550s., B + 10-381s., D-9-330s., E-19'021s. It has not been thought necessary to re-reduce the transit observations from February 17 to October 31, as the greatest error in the time can scarcely exceed a tenth of a second. The transits from October 31 to the end of the year were reduced with the second set of values just above given. A reduction of all the circumpolar transits from February 17 to December 31 gives the following values:—A= + 20,553s., B=+10-385s., D= — 9-3288., E= - 19-020s., with a correction of + 0*518s. to the middle wire. For the future it is proposed to make the reductions of the circumpolar transits keep pace with the observations themselves, for in this way any change in the equatorial values of the wires will be immediately detected. It will be seen by the following table that the instrumental errors have fluctuated about the same as usual, and that the rate of the chronometer was satisfactory. There was no instrumental adjustment during the year. The number of separate determinations of level, collimation and azimuth were, respectively, 353, 42 and 151, and the three errors fluctuated between the following extremes, respectively, + 3*3" — 8-6", -fS-O" — O-G" and - 8-29'/ + 3*83". The mean of all the azimuth determinations for the year is — 2•15,,. The total number of transits of stars, of a declination less than 40°, is 899, and these were observed on 153 nights. In the following table the errors enclosed in square brackets have been simply interpolated from preceding and following actual determinations. The apparent right ascensions of both clock and azimuth stars have been interpolated throughout from the American Ephemeris, and corrected for daily aberration. In conclusion 5 it is gratifying to find that the suggestion contained on page 5 of the last Annual Report has met with a favourable reception at the hands of Dr. A. M. W. Downing, the Superintendent of our own Nautical Almanac. 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OO O O r—I r-l CO QO C<1 o O CO ^ Cp Cp CO ^ OD ^+H | I-H o o o o C^<^r^Or^(fl(fq(fqcbcOffl I CO ci o ^ £>' ^ ^ ^ P w H w w N P ri w ^ 0w !> W l> HH •S^ISUTJiX JTJ^S JO -OK CM CO »0 IQ CO «r: 00 00 JO) CD t— (M «M Cl 1.1—'rod CO (M CO r-lCM CO I CM -rtl uo iOr—( CMCO CMCO icCM CO t— 05 as co . > „ go ^ o O - --> CDo - "- P 15 •sjisuujx t— o jo ^ O oc p p ^pnofi p pa^dopy o o o 1 CM CM lO •pA.ia^ui —CSi r— OI—" COt—1 CTi t— CO c* Suipaoaaj ui 0:2e P T1 T1 T O O p p uitio X[jnoH o o o o o O o o 1—1 Ci O »—11 oo TH oo IC) p T1 P (M p qp o O r—1 lO cn (M^ t—(M COO OOCO IG> CO CO CO CO COCM COCM COCM CMCO w W J2 £ & 2 .s"o S3 8 CO w '■+3 C3 •c ^ -I® ® s I u all- Qo ••■ K « ^ ^ m T5 "-S >> 5 Wh o <1 W << M 0^ K W 01 * S "'Ci otococo-^xoooooo r--opGOi>-popr>-i>- jCI ^ocooooococc W 3 CO CO CO lO —' -t1 '4J CO "*+' (M CO ■^loc^io ibibob • w . . > rt o ^ £ W H ^ ^ te •S^isuujx P 'OM (M 00 CO CO IO CO. co t^-r-H cor-H (M' (M Observations Recently Utilized. The Windsor measures of a Centauri have, since the last Report, been employed by Mr. Alexander W. Roberts, of South Africa, and Dr. T. J. J. See, of Chicago University, in new investigations of the orbit of this well-known binary. See Astronomische Nachrichten, Band CXXXIIL, p. 105, and R.A.S. Monthly Notices, Vol. LIV., p. 102, respectively. The local observations of Finlay's Comet made in 1886 with the 8-inch equatorial and square bar-micrometer, have been availed of by Dr. Schulhof in an investigation of the elliptic elements of this comet for the epoch of its discovery. See Bulletin Astronomique, Tome X., Nos. for Avril, Mai, Juin and Juillet, 1893. The residuals of the observations, 42 in number, are remarkably consistent, and all the positions, without exception, are adopted for the definitive correction of the elements. Of the four stations in the southern hemisphere, which contributed observations, Windsor stands second in order, both as regards the number of observations and the weight accorded to the individual * results. This is very gratifying, considering the faintness of the comet, 19 and, therefore, the difficulty which was frequently experienced in the observations. Early in June last a letter, accompanied with an ephemeris, was received from Dr. Schulhof, requesting that the comet which had just returned to perihelion and been re-discovered by Mr. Finlay, might be followed as long as possible. Circumstances, however, unfortunately prevented the author from complying with the wishes of the astronomer. Work Proposed for the Year 1894. It is already well known that the main work of the Observatory con¬ sists of the observations of lunar occultations of stars, of southern comets, and of the meteorological instruments. The meteorological observations will be carried through the year with the same regularity as heretofore, but it is proposed to make some relaxation in the astronomical work for the first half of the year. Occultations will be observed, but instead of keeping up a regular series of observations for time, the time will be determined on those nights only when occultations occur by securing a group of transits, both immediately before and after the observation of an occultation. Should a southern comet appear, it is proposed to obtain a number of positions sufficient for a fairly good determination of the orbit. The author trusts by the middle of the year to re-commence regular work. April 1st, 1894. •20 PRESENTS RECEIVED FOR THE LIBRARY DURING THE YEAR 1893. [Note—The Names of the Donors are printed in Italics.] Results of Meteorological Observations in N. S. Wales, 1890, pp. XIII, 140, with map. Results of Rain, River and Evaporation Observations in N. S. Wales, 1891, pp. XL., ISlj and 1892, pp. XL., 163, with maps and diagrams. Diagram of Isothermal Lines for N. S. Wales. Hailstorms, by H. C. Russell, C.M.G., etc., pp. 4, witli chart. Observations of the Transit of Yenus, 1874, Dec. 9, in N. S. Wales, pp. XXVIII, 43, with plates. Results of Astronomical Observations at Sydney Observatory in 1879- 80-81, pp. XVIII., 124, with maps. The Government Observatory, Sydney. Record of Results of Observations in Meteorology and Terrestrial Magnetism at Melbourne Observatory, etc., from July 1 to Dec. 31, 1892, pp. 31. The Government Observatory, Melbourne. Rainfall for South Australia in Monthly Parts, from September, 1892, to September, 1893, both inclusive. Meteorological Observations at Adelaide Observatory and other places in South Australia, 1890, pp. XIII., XV., 117, with maps, and 1884 and 1885, pp. XXVII., 240 and 238. Hie Government Observatory, Adelaide. Report of Trustees of Free Public Library, Sydney, for 1892. The Trustees. The Surveyor. Complete in Monthly Numbers for 1893. The Institution of Surveyors, iV. S. Wales. Proceedings and Transactions of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, Vol. VIII., pp. 80. The Queensland Branch of the R. G. Society of Australasia. Hourly Means at the Four Observatories under the Meteorological Council, 1889, pp. 112, and 1890. pp. 112. Weekly Weather Reports for 1892. Weekly Weather Reports from January 7, to November, 1893, both in¬ clusive. Quarterly Summaries of the Weekly Weather Reports for 1892, and the first three quarters of 1893. Monthly Summaries for 1892, and January, 1893. •21 Meteorological Observations at Stations of the Second Order for 1888, pp. 180. Report of the Meteorological Council to the Royal Society for the year ending March 31, 1892, pp. 111. Report of the International Meteorological Conference of Munich, Aug. 26-Sept. 2, 1891, pp. 93. The Meteorological Office, London. Results of Meteorological and Magnetical Observations at Stonyhurst College Observatory, 1892, pp. 80. The Stonyhurst College Observatory. Report of the Kew Observatory, Richmond, Surrey, for 1892, pp. 33. The Kew Observatory. Meteorological Department, Borough of Southport, Report of Obser¬ vations for 1892, pp. 14. Weather of 1892 at Southport, by J. Baxendell, F.R.M.S., pp. 15. Southport Meteorological Observatory. Report on the Temple Observatory, Rugby, for 1892, pp. 3. The Temple Observatory. Meteorological Observations at Rousdon Observatory, Devon, for 1892. pp. 29, by C. E. Peek, M.A. The Author. Report of the Wolsingham Observatory, Tow Law, England, for 1892, pp. 2. Rev. T. Espin, B A. Results of Observations of Fixed Stars with the Meridian Circle at the Madras Observatory, 1887, 1888 and 1889, pp. 350. Hourly Meteorological Observations at the Madras Observatory from January, 1856, to February, 1861. The Government Observatory, Madras. Monthly Weather Review, Meteorological Service of the Dominion of Canada, from August, 1892, to May, 1893, both inclusive. Toronto General Meteorological Register for 1892. The Meteorological Office, Toronto. The American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac for 1895, 1st Ed., pp. 532. Office of the American Ejihemeris. Observations of Double Stars at the U.S.N. Observatory, Washington, Part II., 1880-91, by A. Hall, pp. 203. Report of the U.S.N. Observatory for the year ending June 30, 1892, pp. 10. 22 Observations in 1888 at the TJ.S.N. Observatory, with 2 Appendices and 6 plates Meteorological Observations and Results at the U.S.N. Observatory, 1888, pp. 60. Magnetic Observations at the TJ.S N. Observatory, 1891, pp. 100, with diagrams. The U.S.N. Observatory, Washington. The Lick Astronomical Department of the University of California, pp 22, with plates. Terrestrial Atmospheric Absorption of the Photographic Rays of Light, by J. M. Schoeberle, pp. 89. The Lick Observatory. Publications of the Cincinnati Observatory (12) Catalogue of Proper Motions of Stars, by J. G. Porter, A.M.. etc., pp. 254. The Cincinnati Observatory. The Parallaxes of /x and 6 Cassiopeia from Rutherford Photo Measures, by H. Jacoby. Columbia College Observatory, Neiv York. Transactions of the Astronomical Observatory of Yale University, Vol. I., Parts III. and IV., pp. 153 to 207. Report of Yale University Observatory for 1892-93, pp. 20. Yale University Observatory. Publications of the Washburn Observatory; Vol. VL, Parts III. and IV: The Washburn Observatory. Bulletin of the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, for September, November and December, 1892. Ship Canals, by M. Haupt, pp. 15. The Road Movement, by M. L. Haupt, Consult. Engineer, pp. 16. Report of Proceedings of the 9th Annual Meeting of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington, August 25-27, 1892, by Dr. Bruno Terne, pp. 20. A New Photo-Intaglio Process, by L. E. Levy, pp. 4, with plate. A New Ballistic Galvanometer, by E. G. Willyoung, pp. 17, with diagrams. Some Principles that must be observed to make a good Closed Circuit Battery, etc., Abstract, pp. 4, 2 copies. How the Earth is measured, by Prof. J. H. Gore, pp. 19. Proceedings of the Chemical Section for November 15, 1892, and of the Electrical Section for November 22, 1892. Philadelphia's Share in the Development of Photography, by J. T. Sachee, pp. 17. 23 The Deposits of Native Soda, near Laramie, by H. Pemberton, Jim., and G. P. Tucker, pp. 6. The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Rapport Annuel sur PEtat de PObservatoire de Paris pour 1892, pp. 31. The Paris Observatory. Catalog der farbigen Sterne zwischen deni Nordpol und 23 Grad. Slid. Declin , von F. Kriiger, pp. 145, with plate. The Royal Observatory, Kiel. Sternwarte Hamburg, Bericht fiir 1892, des Direktors, Prof. Dr. G. Riimker, pp. 6. The Hamburg Observatory. Resultate der Beobachtungsreihe in Honloulu, betreffend die Yerander- lichkeit der Polhohe, mit Tafeln. Central Bureau der Internationalen Erdmessung zu Potsdam. Protuberanzen Beobachtet in Jahre, 1887, am Haynald-Observatorium. Haynald Observatory, Kalocsa. Magnfistische und Meteorologische Beobachtungen an der k.k. Sternwarte zu Prag, 1892 The Observatory, Prague. Annales de PObservatoire de Kiew, Vol. IV. pp. 216. The Observatory, Kiew. Sur les Elements de PEtoile variable Y Cygni, par N. C. Duner, pp. 14. The Upsal Observatory. Sull 'Excursione diurna della declinazione magnetica a Milano in rela- zione col Periodo delle Macchie Solari nota Dott. M Rajna, pp. 18. The Observatory, Milan. Osservazioni Meteorologiche, 1891, alPosservatorio della R. Universita di Torino, G. B. Rizzo, pp. 53. Ephemeridi del Sole e della Luna per Porrizonte di Torino, 1893, T. Aschieri, pp. 15. II Clima di Torino. Memoria del Dr. G. B. Rizzo, pp. 62, with plates. Longitudine di Torino determinata coi metodi di G. Struve de F. Porro, pp. 84. The University Observatory, Turin. Annuario publicado pelo Observatorio do Rio de Janeiro, 1892, pp. 318. 0 Clima do Rio de Janeiro. The Imperial Observatory, Rio de Janeiro. Anuario del Observatorio de la Plata para el ano 1893, pp. 502. The Observatory, La Plata. Boletin del Observatorio Astronomico Nacional de Tacubaya, Obs. Merid., Tomo I., Nos. 12, 13, 14. Descripcion del Observatorio Astronomico Nacional de Tacubaya, por G. B. T. Puga, pp. 44, with plates. The National Observatory, Tacubaya. Memorias y Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica " Antonio Alzati," Tomo YI. ISTos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, .7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and Tomo VII, Nos. 1'2- La Sociedad Cientifica, " Altonio AlzateMexico. The Orbit of y Corona Australis, by R. P. Sellers, B.A., pp. 3. The Author. Note on the Secular Perturbations of the Earth by Mars, by R. T. A. Innes, F.R.A.S., pp. 8. The Secular Perturbations of the Earth arising from the Action of Venus, by same, pp. 5. The Author. The Science of Scripture, by J. Pottie, Vet. Surgeon, pp. 8, 3 copies The Author. Flying Machine Motors and Cellular Kites, by L. Hargrave, with 4 plates. The Author. Remarkable Comets, by W. T. Lynn, F.R.A.S., pp. 40, 2 copies The Author. Galactic Longitudes and Latitudes of the Brighter Stars in a Zone con¬ taining the Milky Way, by A. Marth, F.R.A.S., Parts I. and II., pp. 37 and 38. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of Jupiter, 1893-94, by A. Marth, F.R.A.S., pp. 17. The Author. Occultations of Stars by the Eclipsed Moon, 1892, May 11, <£c., by Rev. A. Freeman, M.A., pp. 2, 2 copies. On the Sidereal Period of the New Satellite of Jupiter, by the same, pp. 3, 2 copies. Observations of the Satellites of Saturn in 1893, by the same. The Author. Weather Prediction No. 2, or Mistakes of Greenwich Observers, &c., with Weather Chart for 1893 for London, by IT. Clements, pp. 16. The Author. 25 The Spectroscope of the Allegheny Observatory, by J. E. Keeler, F.R.A.S., pp. 11, and 3 plates. Visual Observations of the Spectrum of /3 Lyne, by the same, pp. 11. Note on the Spectrum of P Cygni, by the same, pp. 2. The Author. Thunderstorms, by M. A. Veeder, pp. 18. The Relation between Sunspots and Auroras, by the same, sheet. Solar Electro-Magnetic Induction, by the same, pp. 3. The Author. A Most Pleasant Prospect into the Garden of Naturall Contemplation, etc., by W. Fulk, Doctor of Divinity, 3rd Ed. Lond. 1640, pp. 71. Rev. 8. J. Johnson, Bridjiort. On Occulting Micrometers, &c., by 0. A. L. Pihl, pp. 71. The Author. Untersuchung iiber den Gang der Hauptuhr der Bothkamper Sternwarte Inaug. Dissertation von O. Tetens, pp. 35. The Author. Die Entwickelung der Doppelstern-Systeme, von Dr. T. J. J. See, pp. 60. The Author. Bahn-bestimmung des Cometen 1802, III. Inaug. Dissertation von F. Hayn, pp. 56. Untersuchungen iiber die Bahn des Komten 1886, IX. (Barnard- Hartwig) Inaug. Dissertation von Karl Buschbaum, pp. 45. D. Heidorn, Gottingen. Zusammenstellung der Cometen Erscheinungen des Jahr 1892, von H. Kreutz. The Author. Le Systeme du Monde Electro-Dynamique par C. Y. Zenger, pp. 60 with illustrations. The Author. Le Mouvement Universel, par A. Tischner, pp. 18. Les Astronomes, par le meme, pp. 31. L'Astronomie et les Astronomes, par le memej pp. 41. The Author. ERRATA. In the Report for 1892 :— Page 12. Sept. 24, insert W after ^ Pavonis ,, 13. Nov. 19, ,, E ,, o) Piscium ,, 28. Line 19 from top, for A read G u *r ' '11 r REPUKI OF ||lr. Ccbhtt's #foabator|, THE PENINSULA, WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES, FOf* THE YBflK 1894. BY JOHN TEBBUTT, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the British Astronomical Association ; Gorresponding Member of the Society Ethnographique of Paris, and Honorary Corresponding Member of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society oj Australasia. SYDNEY : J. A. THOMPSON, PRINTER AND PUBLISHER, lA HUNTER STREET. 189 8. A.C.U-f V • * ' ^ ^v' -y-^Pl REPORT OF 3ftrt ©eMratfs THE PENINSULA, WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES, FOH TfiH 1894 BY TEBBUTT, Fdlow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the British Astronomical Association ; Corresponding Member of the Societd Ethnographique of Paris, and Honorary Corresponding Member of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society oj Australasia. SYDNEY : J. A. THOMPSON, PRINTER AND PUBLISHER. lA HUNTER STREET. 1 89S. OOZLTTZEHSTTS. PAGE. Buildings and Instruments...... 3 Position of the Observatory ...... 4 Meridian Work ...... 4 Instrumental Errors and Chronometer Errors and Rates ... 6 Extra-Meridian Work ...... 12 Meteorological Observations ...... 14 Publications ...... 14 The Library ...... 15 Personal Establishment ...... 15 Observations Recently Utilized ...... 16 Work Proposed for the Year 1895 ...... 1G Presents Received for the Library during the Year 1894 ... 17 Errata ...... 21 APPENDIX. Observations of Solar Eclipses ...... 22 Observations of Lunar Eclipses ...... 22 Observations of Lunar Occultations of Planets ...... 23 Observations of Lunar Occultations of Stars ...... 23 Observations of Eclipses of Jupiter's Satellites ...... 23 Observations of Transits, Occultations and Eclipses of Jupi¬ ter's Satellites ...... 23 Observations of Transits of the Inferior Planets across the Sun's Disk ...... 23 Micrometer Comparisons of Planets ...... 23 Observations of Comets ...... 21 Observations of Double Stars ...... 25 Observations of Variable Stars 25 Miscellaneous Observations ...... 2G 5" H k E,IDrOE,T OF THE WINDSOR OBSERVATORY For 1894. Notwithstanding that there was some relaxation in the work of observation during the year it will he seen from the following Report that a large amount of work was done :— Buildings and Instruments. With the exception of a circular chamber for the 8-inch equatorial, the erection of which had been, commenced when the last report was issued, there has been no addition to the buildings. This chamber is now completed. It is constructed of brick; has an internal diameter of 18 feet, and is surmounted by a ten-sided pyramidal roof of galvanized iron, with openings 18 inches in width, affording an uninterrupted view from horizon to horizon. The roof turns on ten wheels 13| inches in diameter, running on a circular plate of iron provided with a rail to keep the wheels in their proper track. This plan has been in use throughout at the Observatory, and is found to answer well. The new structure will add greatly to the comfort of the observer. No addition has been made to the instruments since the acquisition of the large equatorial telescope in 1886, and the list remains therefore as follows :— Transit Instrument, by Cooke and Sons, of York, of 3 inches aperture and 36 inches focal length. Two eight-day sidereal Box Chronometers, one by Parkinson and Frodsham, No. 104*2; the other by John Poole, No. 2962, beating half-seconds. Equatorial Refractor, by Grubb, of Dublin, 1882, of 8 inches aperture and 115 inches focal length, driven by clock-work^ with filar-micrometer and various eyepieces by the same maker. 4 Equatorial Refractor, by Cooke and Sons, of York, of inches aperture and 70 inches focal length, with position and distance filar-micrometer, and various eyepieces by the same makers. This micrometer is also adapted to the 8-inch instrument. Two Ring-M icrometers and a Square Bar-Micrometer, adaptable to both the equatorials. Portable Refractor, by Chas. Jones, of Liverpool, of 3^ inches aper¬ ture and 48 inches focal length. This instrument was formerly roughly mounted as an equatorial in the old Observatory. Five-inch Theodolite, 7|-inch Sextant, and other minor appliances. Position of the Observatory. The co-ordinates of the Observatory are still adopted as:—Longi¬ tude from Greenwich = I Oh. 3m. SO^s. E.; Astronomical Latitude = - 33° 36' 30-8". Meridian Work. The sidereal chronometer, John Poole, No, 2962, was employed during the year in connection with the 3-inch transit instrument, and its rate proved to be satisfactory. For an explanation of the method by which the errors of the transit instrument were determined the reader is referred to the Report for 1890. The equatorial distances in sidereal time of the outer transit wires from the middle wire were those determined from the transits of circumpolar stars from February 17 to December 31, 1893, namely—A=+20 553s., B =+ 10-3858., D=- 9*3288., E = — 19,020s., with a correction of -f O'SlSs. to the middle wire C for an equatorial star when all the wires were observed. The reductions of the circumpolar-star transits during 1894 for the equatorial distances were made to keep pace with the observations themselves, but no further sensible change was detected in the distances of the outer wires from the middle wire. The following are the equatorial distances deduced from the circumpolar transits for 1894 :—A= +20*5568., B = + 10*4398., D= — 9*335s., E= - 19*024s., with a correction of +0*527s. to the middle wire. These values will be employed for the year 1895. It will be seen from the last Report that the instrumental errors were pretty steady during the year 1893. During the year 1894, however, the level and azimuth errors have not been so steady. This will be seen from the customary table of Instrumental Errors and Chronometer Errors and Rates. Three 5 adjustments had to be made for level, though none was made for either collimation or azimuth. On reference to previous reports it will be seen that the azimuth error west gradually increased till 1890, when the angle of deviation arrived at a maximum. Since that year the angle diminished till about the close of 1893, when the axis of collimation became coincident with the north point of the horizon. The azimuth error gradually increased eastward till November last, when it arrived at a maximum. Since that time the axis of collimation moved rather rapidly westward, becoming again coincident with the north point in the beginning of December. Since the close of the year the azimuth west has increased till at the date of this Report it has attained to about 13". No cause can at present be assigned for these interesting changes of azimuth. The number of separate determinations of level, collimation and azimuth during the year were respectively 203,33 and 81. The total number of transits of stars of a declination less than 40° is 450, and these were observed on 79 nights. The following table exhibits the errors of the transit instrument and the errors and rates of the sidereal chronometer John Poole, which was also employed throughout in the extra-meridian observations. The apparent right ascensions of both clock and circumpolar stars have been interpolated from the American Ephemeris, and corrected for daily aberration :— 6 •S^ISUtJJX o 1>- t— o Ci 00 00 CO ic JO UttOTC ^"0 p p p o o o p p p o pa^dopy o o o o o o 6 o o 'lUAJD^UI CO O 00 I— 00 CO CO 00 Suipaoajji ui lO CO CD GO CD COt- o!>. jno o o o o p p p o o p 0 uitjo A H 6 o o o o 6 6 o fl w w M w w SjoT I-!oT k i a "3 • s § CO ^ co : !§« § Sfe CO 3 CO d) O Oc ! cfl >—i a) c3 ^ "S s-E3 8 tT fcH C ^rH 3a o ce 0 ci co C ^ ci ^ to CO W | 0 p ^ 10 CO p I>- CO a + ffi IO 10 r—' GO ^ T1 ^ T1 + 1 cq CM -4* + 10 + cb b- do cb q<£ H w . sJ . • S t £ w w ^ H fe H •^isuujx0 ,0 CO CO (M (M a^S J N O CO CO iO CO h— 00 . f-H^ OlO COcq cq M3J3lllOUOai[0 O -d- r-H , i—i o o GO CO I— , L— O CO CO lO lO aod S^ISU^TJ; "^1 co lO CM CO ■^ CM :o -T CO (M CM r-H CM r-H CO Tt* r—1 ^ JO UTJOK K t- L- t— CO L- I- I- t— o t- C5 CO r—1 CM O CM i1 r>» Oi r—I GO O (M OS 00 ^ I C1 (V14.T,<:ritrp4.^lLO § + t-H '—1 r—< 1—I I—( r—1 1—H I—H T-H r—H t-H 1 ^ 1 Ol 0°! ,~~t r—' r—I ,—i t;- | ^OrHCOO^cpt^cpiOep | p iO ^ | Ci O O CTi fM GO C^CO I (M (jcj (fi CO CO CO (?■! AI Al I r^H (fj r^H 6 + r^H r^H o w ^ p: ^ p: P ei P4 W P4 H P4 ^ ^ ppi 0w •RJISUUJJ, •mis JO -OM 'fl O COO^l^Orti^CO^HCO lO ^ ^ rr UO CO -rH. dr-H 'rfr-H CO,—i I—,—. O ..2^. 8 8 Is' g cS Sc3 Sc5 h-i" gS 2 £ TL ^ CO ^3 g W .2" 22 a a? c3 5 OO 0« c^cn. .s 'Sos- ■ ^ 11 S E ^ ^ oT "So ^ gp cr" Ph § w '3 < \s) "S \> 3 H -< o„ «oO ® ^© o ^ h W oT.tg ^ ?r 8 "§ "s "a '-5 § sf i a C o <-• wa aS g C «-> c3 ^ .s0 § 2 c3 eg _(Uc3 -mc8 c8 2 "o 0 IS ' ^ J jz; ^ 3 o O ~ bS,3 CC ^ CO Q-.22 a a s u g Sooo s oo 'r? o ^ OPM COO OCO OCO <0 OCO COo ^ ca ca « b ca *3 v b 1 1 i l r-H I O !>. o t— 1 CM Ot^t—COCipOO P P'-H, Pipr ^ P P r-H r-- 1 + j—H r—H r-H i—H r—H ^1 C^J Ol <>* ^ C1 (fl "• PCOOCO7-ICOCOLO p O r-H r>l 1 O lO 10 CO p O O T-H Cl 01 CH rH r-H T-H t—H !—H i-H <0 <0 <0 I <0 CO CM i^- K k" • • • Ph ^ o ^ H £ •^istiyjx Ol 't* O O O o 1— o 01 ^ 1— 10 ^ a^S jo 'OK . X) O O -—1 CM CO ^ O ^ti 1— Cl Cl O O o . • r-H »-H r-H r-H r-H r-H t-H —' (M CM •sjisutjjx Ol CM r—( CM lO o Ci Oi O CM O1 O1 i-H 00 00 I jo uuotc ^ r—i-H1 i—H r-H t-H r-H r-H r-H o o r-H r-H >— >—i i—1 p o r—o* o o;r}i A'[.inon zn pa^dopy o o o o o o o 6 6 o o o o o 6 6 6 o CO Ci '—1 r—f t>. C5 o O r-H O 05 r-H ^ CO CO '[UA.IO^U J CM CM i-H CM I-H i—H lO I-H Oi 00 CM o OS i—< Ci 00 cn>o o .oinpaoajj ui CQ r—o1 i—l i—( i-H ryl T-H 7—1 r-H O p i-H o f—H O O O uiu'o ^[jnoH o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o 6 O o \£> CO O Ci Ci o Tf- co Oi o Oi lO I-H 1—H r— o cs » GO CM O r—! Ci Ip lO t- IQ GO lO CO r—l O "TJH o o p «."tf M O ib o cb do o CM Th1 o o cb ib cb L— cb GO cb O CM CM CO co i-H i-H i-H i—I CM CMt- i—i (M CM CM CM CM c* CO CO CO co CO "d-1 (<=5 CO CO co co co co CO CO co CO CO co co CO co co co CO uo^omouo.iqo CO —H cq oo i—h O ca CO o o CO cn> o 00 o IC lad S;isuuix i—t lO CO CO I-H co IQ i-H CO co CM Id r-H CO JO UTJ3K r—1 o d CM Ci Ci lO o o O CO CM i—i CO H (M 1—1 r-H CM Ol CM CM CM oOJ CMco fM • CMCO CM w ^ p4 W i ^ C/J CO ;rH r ^ •l-H CO '-3 W a e4 w "S "S ~ o oc C3 ^ H B 3 cr > O O .-S T-m g^ £Ph oO . * ^CT- ^ cS oo I ^ops-^o <1 •73°■^6 MS e QQ_ ^ ;> , l 1 1 d 'rH 00 o O o cp cp lO Ci ip io o co o cn o co rrl'?<:1 CO o o ci % + o ^ocbcb cb co t—h ~l~o "^"ocioc CO o ci i - w . w : W • W fe: WWWW r w k:^ r. K: •g^tsutJJX .itj^S P 'OK Ci ^f^OCMCOCOlOO GO o CM r-H ?—I ^ O CO CO . W H > KT ■ a S s w w E/J^ >> - d '■3 "r^ W w W ^ w sf PHa 02. 00. c -i_>5 a i I i cSo o o s O o o «3 0 es H 00. 00. P-l oa cO r -1- -N CO lO ^ o oi x X o o ^ O Cp -- 1^ p 1^2 O 1 'M oi co -r ^ oo ! 0 , O O , Ol Ol ffi Ol ii OlO^O-HCiOOO l- 7? lr co ic Ci ^ + O OC Ol —« 00 + CO -- - O + o >h W W w .> >•W » * M•Ej,-K-- . K" K" K ' K• k H • W W 1 's^isnv.ix .iujs jo -ox CO O LTL 1- Ol C1 I- CM o ^ >C CO O (MO . ci o o i I r-H CO -f lO O O O r-H Tf r—I i-H i I CM CM CM r-H r-H CM ca o g • rH 'S "ft IS 5-73 S-i [6-1] b [5-9] rQ W.E. S-4 Ui 0W C3 a T? T? 1/3 ^ ■ >p >9 Qjf-> r~ 031 a > ►> •ti^isuujx CO ^ CM CO —o 0) oS-I £ . JT^g JO -Oil -a d Ph 03 P3 r3 EH H w £ I 03 <3 H . C-T CO ^ . C/J >> C5^ Extra-Meridian Work. Occultations of Stars by the Moon.—With the two equatorials twenty-six disappearances were observed at the moon's dark and six at the bright limb, and eight reappearances at the dark and the same number at the bright limb, altogether forty-eight phases. All the stars, with the exception of five, have been identified, and ten observations of Nautical Almanac stars were made in both phases. Among the occul¬ tations completely observed is that of Antares on October 31, the disappearance of which was observed in full sunlight and the re¬ appearance in strong twilight. The attempted observation of the daylight occultations of Spica and Antares on November 24 and December 24 respectively was unsuccessful, the former in consequence of a smoky atmosphere, and the latter in consequence of cloud. The total number of occultation phases observed here since the establishment of the Observatory in 1864 is 627, namely : 559 disappearances and 68 reappearances. The results for 1894 have been sent to the Astronomische Nachrichten. Daylight Occultation of Yenus by the Moon 1894, May 1.— The disappearance was observed under excellent conditions with the 8-inch equatorial. The reappearance at the dark limb was lost in consequence of cloud. The result has been sent to the journal just named. Transit of Mercury, 1894, November 10.—Both contacts at egress were very satisfactorily observed with the 4i-inch equatorial, and the results sent to the same journal. Conjunction of Uranus and a LiBRiE, 1894, October 5.—In consequence of cloudy weather observations could be secured on one evening only, but this, fortunately, was within twelve hours of the conjunction. Twenty excellent comparisons were made in the evening twilight with the Grubb filar-micrometer on the 8-inch equatorial, which give tabular corrections for the planet closely accordant with those obtained at Greenwich at the conjunction of April preceding. Comets.—Mr. Walter F. Gale, of Paddington, F.R.A.S., reported to the Observatory by telegraph in the forenoon of April 3, civil time, that he had discovered a comet on the 1st in the constellation Horologium. It was found on the evening of the 3rd with the 4^-inch equatorial, and observed with that instrument on April 3 and 4. Subsequently the comet, which ranks as II., 1894, was followed with the 8-inch instru¬ ment. A telegram announcing the name of the discoverer, the date of 13 the discovery, and the approximate position for the 3rd, was dispatched to the Melbourne Observatory in the afternoon of the 4th for trans¬ mission in the usual way to Kiel. The comet was observed here on April 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, May 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, the number of comparisons being 299, and the number of comparison stars 48. Approximate orbits were computed by the author from the observations of April 3, 12, 21, and of April 3, 21, May 11, and the latter has been found to agree very closely with that derived by Kohlschiitter, of Kiel, from the Windsor observation of April 6, a Cape observation of April 13, and European observations of April 28 and May 9. It will be seen that the weather was unusually favourable for the observation of this interesting body. The complete observations have been published in the Astronomische Nachrichten. A letter from Dr. Schulhof, of the Paris Observatory, enclosing an ephemeris of the periodical comet Tempel, 1873 II., for the present return was received in April. Knowing that Mr. Gale was engaged in comet seeking, I forwarded to him an extract from the ephemeris, and in the forenoon of May 12, civil time, I received from him a notification that he had found the comet on the morning of the 10th. In the afternoon of the same day, however, a Kiel cable message was received stating that the comet had been detected by Finlay at the Cape of Good Hope on the 8th. Observations were obtained here with the 8-inch equatorial on the mornings of the 13th and 14th, civil time. These on the former date were pretty consistent, and the result has since appeared in the Astronomische Nachrichten. A search for comet Edward Swift was made on several occasions, but in consequence of the imperfect ephemeris at first received, or the extreme faintness of the object, it could not be found. A short ephemeris, based on the cabled European elements, was kindly calculated and supplied to me by Mr. C. J. Merfield, of Sydney ; but notwithstanding a careful search in and near the positions indicated nothing could be seen of the comet. With the help of Dr. Backlund's ephemeris, in No. 3263 of the Astronomische Nachrichten, Encke's comet was readily detected with the 4i-inch equatorial on December 20. The comet, however, being in north declination, and on the confines of the evening twilight, was not observed with the micrometer. The observation of this interesting comet is part of the programme of morning work for the present month when it is in south declination, and not seen at northern observatories. Double Stars.—Towards the close of the year a selection of the most interesting double stars was observed with the 8-inch equatorial 14 under excellent conditions. The following is a list of the stars thus measured :—/3 and f Phamicis, k Toucani, h 3447, p Eridani, h 3592, Lacaille 2145, a Centauri, y Coronre Australis, Lacaille 8550, h 5295|. The measures have been sent to the Royal Astronomical Society. Variable Stars.—R Carinre was the only variable under observa¬ tion during 1894, and the comparisons are few and scattered in conse¬ quence of the observer's close application to other work. It is, however, satisfactory to know that Mr. A. W. Roberts, of South Africa, is also engaged on this star, so that it is hoped that a continuous record of its interesting variations will be secured. Meteorological Observations. These have been made regularly at 9h. a.m. throughout the year. In accordance with custom a return of the daily rainfall has been sent to the Government Astronomer for incorporation with the results obtained at the numerous stations under his direction. Meteorological observations have now been obtained here extending over a period of thirty-two years. The abstracts for 1891-92-93-94 will shortly be published and distributed. Publications. The following is a continuation of the list of papers which have appeared from the Observatory in various scientific journals :— Orbit Elements of Comet Gale (b 1894).—Royal Ast. Societifs Monthly Notices, Vol. LIV., p. 556. Filar-Micrometer Comparisons of Minor Planet (.6) Hebe.— Astronomische Nachrichten, Band CXXXV., p. 13. Observations of Comet 1894 (Gale, April 1).—Ast. Nach., Band CXXXV., p. 261. Star Occultationsobserved in 1893.—Ast.Nach.^B^wd CXXXV., p. 333. The Discovery of Comet 1894 II. (Gale, April 1).—Ast. JVach., Band CXXXVI., p. 95. Orbit Elements and Further Observations of Comet 1894 IL, and Observation of Comet Tempelq 1894 III. (1873 II.)—Ast. Nach., Band CXXXVI., p. 241. Observations and Orbit Elements of Comet Gale, 1894.— Journal of the Royal Society of N. S. Wales. Vol. XXVIII., p. 129. 15 A Typographical Coruection to Paper on r1 Arietis.—Journal of the British Ast. Association^ Vol. III., p. 384. Early Obseryationg of Gale's Comet, 1894.—Journal of the B. A. Association, Vol. IV., p. 307. Mr. Tebbutt and the Transit of Venus in 1874.—Observatory, Vol. XVII., p. 179. Orbit Elements of Comet Gale, 1894.—Observatory, Vol. X VII., p. 281. Observation of the Occcltation of Saturn and Titan, 1893. May 25—Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. VI., No. 34, p. 23. Correction for Astronomische Nachrichten, No. 3235 --Ast. Nach., Band CXXXVL, p. 377. Result of Micrometer Comparisons of Uranus and a Librae, 1894. Oct. 5—R. A. S. Monthly Notices, Vol. LV., p. 83. Observation of a Daylight Occultation of Antares, 1894. Oct. 31—R. A. S. Monthly Notices, Vol. LV., p. 83. Observation of the Transit of Mercury, 1894. November 10— Ast. Nach., Band CXXXVIL, p. 93. In the Appendix to this Report will be found a complete index to all the Astronomical Observations of importance which have proceeded from the Observatory from its establishment to the close of 1894. The Library. This important department of the Observatory continues to be enriched by purchases, and also by presents from kindred institutions. A list of the presents received during the year is given at the close of the Report. The author offers, at the same time, his best thanks to the various donors. Personal Establishment. This is precisely the same as that for 189^ All the astronomical and about ninety per cent, of the meteorological observations have been made by the proprietor, and by far the greater portion of the astrono¬ mical reductions has been made by him. It is extremely difficult to get the occasional assistance of a trustworthy computer. The daily meteorological observations have been made about once a fortnight by 16 the author's son, who has also computed once the monthly means and sums of the daily results. These means and sums have also been independently computed by Mr. Bruce Walker. An invaluable service has been rendered to the Observatory by Messrs. R. T. A. Innes and Joseph Brooks, Fs.R.A.S., who have kindly furnished it with prediction calculations of the occultation of Venus, and of the principal occulta- tions of stars by the moon. Observations Recently Utilized. The local observations of Comet 1891 I. (Barnard-Denning) published in Ast. Nach., Band CXXVIIL, pp. 203 and 221, find a place in the Definitive Determination of the Orbit of this Comet by Dr. E. Lamp in No. IX. of the Kiel Observatory Publications. After perihelion passage the comet was seen in the southern hemisphere only, the places of observation being the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, the Argentine National Observatory, and Windsor. Notwith¬ standing the excessive faintness of this object, and the extreme difficulty, therefore, in observing it, all the Windsor positions, nine in number, were adopted in the determination of the final elements. Work Proposed for the Year 1895. The observation of lunar occultations of stars, of southern comets, and of the meteorological instruments will be continued as heretofore. At the request of Professor R. Luther, of Diisseldorf the minor planets, Parthenope and Hebe were placed on the working list for January and March respectively; but in consequence of one of the most extraordinary periods of cloudy weather ever experienced here the former planet quite escaped observation. At the date of this Report, however, success has attended the observation of the latter. Ephemerides of minor planets in south declination, whose magnitudes are not less than 9*5, will be at any time acceptable. March 1, 1895. 17 PRESENTS RECEIVED FOR THE LIBRARY DURING THE YEAR 1894. [Note.—The names of the Donors are printed in Italics.] Pictorial Rain Maps, by H. C. Russell, B.A., (fee., pp. 4, with map. On Meteorite No. 2, from Grilgoin Station, by same, pp. 2. Moving Anticyclones in the Southern Hemisphere, by same, pp. 8, with maps. Section A of Aust. Association for Adv. of Science. President's Address on the Progress of Astronomical Photography, pp. 27. The Government Observatory, Sydney. Results of Observations in Meteorology and Terrestrial Magnetism at Melbourne Observatory for 1893, also for the period January 1 to March 31, 1894. The Government Observatory, Melbourne. Rainfall in South Australia for October, November and December, 1893. Meteorological Observations at Adelaide Observatory in 1886-87. The Government Observatory, Adelaide. The Surveyor of January 5, Feb. 9, March 7, April 7, May 7, June 7, July 9, Aug. 6, Sept. 3, Oct. 9, and Nov. 7, 1894. The Institution oj Surveyors, N. S. Wales. Report of the Free Public Library, Sydney, for 1893, pp. 8. The Trustees. Proceedings and Transactions of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, 1893-94, pp. 104. The Queensland Branch of the Society. Greenwich Five-Year Catalogue of 258 Fundamental Stars for 1890, pp. 14 and XIX. Cape Heliometer Observations for Stellar Parallax, 1881-83, pp. XVII., 167. The Astronomer Royal for England. Report of H. M. Astronomer at the Cape of Good Hope, 1879, May 26, to 1889, July 21, pp. 19. The Admiralty. Greenwich Mean Times of Superior and Inferior Conjunctions of Jupiter's Satellite Callisto) from January 1894 to February 1895, pp. 2. The Nautical Almanac Office, London. Weekly Weather Reports, Nov. 25, 1893, to Oct. 20, 1894, both included, with Title page and Preface for 1893. Summary of Observations at Stations included in the Daily and Weekly Weather Reports, Feb. 1893 to August 1894, both included, but Summaries for October 1893 and June 1894 not received Summary of Weekly Weather Report, 1893, and Quarterly Summaries of same. 18 Quarterly Summaries of Weekly Weather Reports, 1894, Jan.-March, April-Junej July-Sept. Weekly Weather Report, Table I., Yol. X., Appendix II., 3rd Series. Meteorological Observations at Stations of the Second Order for 1889. Report of the Meteorological Council to the Royal Society for Year ended March, 1893, pp. 115. The Meteorological Office, London. Report of the Incorporated Kew Committee for 1893, pp. 35. The Keiv Observatory. Results of Meteorological, Magnetical and Solar Observations at Stony- hurst College Observatory for 1893. The Stonyhurst College Observatory. Report of the Walsinghnm Observatory for 1893, pp. 2. The Distribution of Stars of Type III., of Stellar Spectra in Space, by Rev. T. E. Espin, M.A., pp. 7. The Walsingham Observatory Report of Results of Observations, 1893, with two Appendices, pp. 30. The Meteorological Department, Borongh of Southjoort. Micrometer Observations of Nebulce at Armagh Observatory, by J. L. • Dreyer, Ph.D. The Armagh Observatory. Madras Meridian Circle Observations, Yol. YII, for 1880-81-82, pp. XXYIII. and 296. The Madras Observatory. Report of the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, for 1889-92, pp. 9, and for 1893, pp. 17. The Royal Observatory, Caj)e of Good Hope. Monthly Weather Review^ June, 1893, to March, 1894, both included. Toronto General Meteorological Register for 1893. Report of the Meteorological Service of the Dominion of Canada for 1889, pp. XLYIIL, 294. The Meteorological Office, Toronto. Report of the U.S. Naval Observatory for the Year ending June 30, 1893, pp. 13. The U. S. iV. Observatory, Washington. American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac for 1896, 1st Ed., pp. 534, and for 1897, 1st Ed., pp. 534. The Office of the American Ephemeris. Methods of testing Fats and Oils, by Dr. E. Maillian, pp. 22. A Plea for the Study of Elementary Forestry in the Lower Schools, by E. J. Houston, Ph. D., pp. 21. Anthracite Coal near Perkismen Creek, by 0. C. S., Carter, pp. 5. The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. On the Capture of Comets by Planets, especially by Jupiter, by IT. A. Newton, pp. 19. . rlhe National Academy oj Sciences. 19 Publications of the Leander McCormick Observatory, Vol. ]., Pt. G, Southern Nebuke, pp. 175 to 241. The Leander McCormick Observatory. Publications of the Lick Observatory of the University of California, Vol. IL, 1894. Double Star Observations of S.W. Burnham, from Aug., 1888, to June, 1892, pp. 255. The Lick Observatory. Determination of the Latitude, Longitude, &c., of the Laws Observatory of the University of Missouri, by M. Updegraff. The Laws Observatory. Report of Yale University Observatory for the year 1893-94, pp. 20. The Yale University Observatory. Publications of the Washburn Observatory of the University of Wis# consin, Yol. YIIL, Merid. Circle Obs., 1887-1892, pp. 327. The Washburn Observatory. Rapport Annuel de 1'Observatoire de Paris pour 1893, pp. 31. The Paris Observatory. Publicationen der Sternwarte in Kiel, IX,, No. 1, Definitive Bahu-bes- timmung des Cometen, 1891 I., von Prof. Dr. E. Lamp. No. 2, Tiber die Bahn des Cometen, 1873 Y., von Prof. Dr. H. Kreutz. No. 3, Bahn-bestimmung des Planeten (226), Weringia, von Prof. Dr. H. Kreutz, pp. 55. The Royal Observatory, Kiel. Ast. Mittheilungen von der Konigl. Sternwarte zu Gottingen, Dritter Theil, L. Ambron, Triangulation der Plejadengruppe, mit 2 Tafeln and 1 Photolithographie, pp. 58. The Royal Observatory, Gottingen. Sternwarte Hamburg, Bericht des Direktors, Prof. Dr. G. Riimker. The Hamburg Observatory. Magnetische und Meteorologische Beobachtungen an der k.k. Sternwarte zu Prag, 1893, pp. XYT. and 41. The Observatory, Prague. Meteorologische Beobachtungen angestellt in Dorpat, 1892, von Dr. A. v. Oettingen, pp. 81. The Meteorological Observatory, Dorpat. Publication der Charkower Universitats Sternwarte, Heft No. 2, pp. 69 and 23. The Observatory, Charkow. Work in Russian Text, containing Observations made with the Transit Instrument in the Prime Yertical at the Astronomical Observatory of the Imperial University of Kasan, pp. LIIL and 210. The Observatory, Kasan. Anuario del Observatorio Astronomico Nacional de Tacubaya, XIY., 1893. Boletin del Observatorio Astronomico Nacional de Tacubaya, Obs. Merid., Tomo I., Nos. 15, 17, 18. The National Observatory, Tacubaya. 20 Anuario del Observatorio de la Plata para el ano 1894, pp. 514. The Observatory, La Plata. Memorias y Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica " Antonio Alzate," Tomo VII. (1893-4), Nos. 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10. Sociedad Cientifica, " Altonio Alzate Aimuario publicado pelo Observatorio do Rio de Janeiro, 1893, pp. 336. The Observatory, Rio de Janeiro. The Orbit of the Double Star h 5014, by R. P. Sellers, B.A., &c., pp. 2. Observations of Double Stars at Sydney Observatory, by same. Recent Measures of Double Stars at Sydney, by same. The Author. Tables to facilitate the application of Gauss's Method of Computing Secular Variations, by R. T. A. Innes, F.R.A.S. The Author. On Stokes' Theorem, by G. Fleuri, pp. 5, with diagrams. From Number to Quaternion, by same, pp. 29. The Author. On a New Form of Telemeter, by G. H. Knibbs, pp. 6. The Author. Photographs of Gale's Comet, by E. E. Barnard. W. F. Gale, F.R.A.S. Tide Tables for the Port of Brisbane, Moreton Bay, for 1893, by E. A. Cullen, pp. 16. The Land of Viti, by J. P. Thomson, F.R.S.G.S., pp. 21. J. P.. Thomson, ^.^.$.6?.$., c&c. Meteorological Work in Australia, a Review by Sir C. Todd, K.C.M.G., &c.j pp. 25, with charts. The Author. Two Almanacs for 1640, and one for 1667, in one volume. Rev. S. J, Johnson^ M.A. Observed Conjunctions of Satellite IV. with Jupiter, pp. 2, by Rev. A. Freeman, M.A. Method of finding the Latitude of Saturn's Belts, pp. 4, by same. The Author. The Distance of the Nebulse, by Miss A. M. Clerke, pp. 7, 2 copies. Stellar Numbers and Distances—the Sun's Motion in Space—and a Southern Observatory, by same, pp. 26. The Author. Tellustria : A Method of determining astronomically the Variations in Temperature and Pressure of the Atmosphere, by Jenkins, F.R.A.S., pp 22, with diagrams. TJie Author. Meteorological Observations at Rousdon Observatory, Vol. X., for 1893, by 0. E. Peek, M.A., pp. 30. The Author. Prospectus and Instructions for using Tate's Improved Calculating Machine, pp. 16. The Publishers. 21 Epliemeris of the Satellites of Mars, 1894, and Ephemeris for Physical Observation of Jupiter. 1894-5, by A. Marth. The Author. Physical Observations of Mars at the Allegheny Observatory in 1892, by J. E. Keeler, D.Sc., pp. 8, with plates. On the Spectra of the Orion Nebula and the Orion Stars, by J. E. Keeler, pp. 18. The Author. On the Orbit of a Centauri, by T. J. J. See, A.M., Ph.D., pp. 19. The Author. Solar Electrical Energy not transmitted by Radiation, by M. A. Yeeder, M.D., pp. 10. The Hills of Wayne : Their Story of Tidal Waves, &c., by same, sheet. The Author. On the Magnitude of the Solar System, by William Harkness, pp. 22. The Author. Theses (2) presentees a la Faculte des Sciences de Paris, tfec., par M. L. Fabry, pp. 214. The Author. Beobachtungen von Oometen und kleinen Planeten zu Hamburg von Ende April, 1892, bis Ende December, 1893, von Dr. R. Schorr, pp. 16. The Author. Untersuchungen iiber die warscheinlichste Bahn des Cometen 1825 I., und iiber seine Identitat mit dem Cometen 1790 III., von Paul Martin, pp. 82. The Author. Die Schmidt \sche Sonnentheorie, &c., von Otto Knopf, pp. 44. The Author. II Pianeta Marte, par Giov. Schiaparelli, pp. 25, with plates. The Author. Agrandissements de Photographies Lunaires, Planches I., II., III., par W. Prinz. The Author. Le Systeme Solaire se mouvant, par A. Tischner, pp. 19. The Author. ERRATA. In the Report for 1888 :— Page 24. Line 21 from top, for p. 18 read p. 20. 24 - 24 „ „ „ p. 17 „ p. 19. Index to the Windsor Astronomical Observations, 1857 to 1894. The Titles of the various Publications in which the Observations appear are in Italics, and are abbreviated thus :— H. denotes Sydney Morning Herald"] E. „ Empire N. S. Wales Daily Newspapers. E.N. ,, Evening News J M.N. ,j Monthly Xotices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Meins. R.A.S. denotes Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. A.N. denotes Astronomische Nachrichten. B.A.A. ,, Journal of the British Astronomical Association. A.S.P. ,, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Ph.S. ,, Transactions of the Philosophical Society of Ar. S. Wales. R.S. ,, Journal of the Royal Society of N. S. Wales. 0. „ Observatory. A.R. ,, Astronomical Register. Observations of Solar Eclipses. 1857, March 26—7/., 1857, April 1. 1857, September 18—77., 1857, October 2. 1861, January 11—77., 1861, January 15. 1868, August 18—E., 1868, August 22; M.N.. XXIX., 2; A.N., LXXIL, 335. 1870, June 28—M.N, XXXI., 83 ; A.N, LXXVL, 283. 1871, December 12—17., 1871, December 29; M.N, XXXII., 243 ; A.N, LXXIX., 197. 1876, September 17—77., 1876, September 20; M.N, XXXVIL, 11 ; A.N, LXXXVIIL, 365. 1878, February 2— 77., 1878, February 6. 1882, November 10—M.N, XLIII., 280. Observations of Lunar Eclipses. 1866, September 24—77., 1866, September 28; M.N, XXVII., 84; A.N, LXVIIL, 203. 1869, July 23—M.N, XXX., 26; A.N, LXXIY., 381. 1870, January 17—77., 1870, January 21; M.A'., XXX., 159; A.N, LXXV., 379. 1873, May 12—M.N, XXXIV., 72. 1877, February 27—77., 1877, March 5. 1879, December 28— 77., 1879, December 31. 1880, Jmio 22—^.7i\, XIX., 20. 1880, December 16—A.R.y XIX., 89. 23 Observations of Lunar Occultations of Planets. Mars, 1875, August 12—M.N., XXXVL, 43. Jupiter and Satellites, 1886, April 16—A.N., CXIV., 411, Venus, 1888, March 9 M.N., XLVIII., 340. Saturn and Titan, 1888, June 13, and 1893, May 25—M.N., XLVIIL, 396 ; and A.S.P., VI., 23, respectively. Observations of Lunar Occultations of Stars. 1864-1870—M.S., XXXII., 58; A.N., LXXVIIL, 373. 1873, M.N., XXXIV., 421. 1873-74-75—A.S., LXXXVIL, 377. 1876— A.N., LXXXVIII., 287 ; M.AT., XXXVII., 434. Stars of First Mag¬ nitude, 1875-1878—0., III., 317. 1877-1885—A.N., CXIIL, 341. 1885-1886—A. 'V., CXVII, 143. 1887—A.N., CXIX., 77; 0., X., 391. 1888—;l.i\r..CXXL, 103. 1889—A .iW.CXXIV., 181. 1890—A.N., OXXVIL, 193. 1891—A.N CXXIX., 307. 1892—A.N., UXXXIIL, 95. 1893— A.N., CXXXV., 333 ; B.A.A., III., 187, 384. Antares, 1894, October 31— M.N., LV., 83. Observations of Eclipses of Jupiter's Satellites. 1866-67—M. A7., XXVIIL, 215; A.R., LXXL, 169. 1868-69-70 M.X., XXXII., 58 ; A.N., LXXVIIL, 373. 1873—M.N., XXXIV., 421. 1873-74—A.N., LXXXVL, 11. 1875—M.S., XXXVL, 100 ; A.ST., LXXXVIL, 91. 1876—LiV'., LXXXIX., 57. 1877—4.^., XCIL, 75. 1878—A.N., XCV., 119. 1879-80—XCVIL, 37. 1880-82—A.N., CVI, 323. 1885—A.N., CXIII., 387. Observations of Transits, Occultations and Eclipses of Jupiter's Satellites. 1886—M.N., XLVIL, 30. 1887— M.N., XLVIIL, 129. 1888— M.N., XLDL, 329. 1889—M.N., L., 335. 1890—M.S., LL, 420. 1891, M.N., LIL, 598. 1892—M.N., LIV., 32. Observations of Transits of the Inferior Planets across the Sun's Disk. Venus, 1874, December 8-9—A.N., LXXXV., 173; Mems B.A.S., XLVIL, 89; A.R., XIIL, 222. Mercury, 1878, May b—A.N., XCIIL, 61 ; U.S., XII., 226. Mercury, 1881, November 7-8—M.N., XLIL, 103; A.N., 01., 173. Mercury, 1891, May 9-10—A.N., OXXVIIL, 25. Micrometer Comparisons of Planets. Ceres (1), 1882, August 10 to September 15,10 days—A.N., CVI., 157 ; 1885, March 14 to April 1, 5 days-AA'., CXIL, 125; 1890 May 13 to 29, 10 days—A.N., CXXVL, 323 ; 1891, August 15 to September 3. 11 days—A.N., CXXXL, 41. Pallas (2), 1879, December 24 8, to 1880, January 21, 8 days—A.IV., XCVIL, 269 ; 1885, February 10 to March 18, 5 days—A.A7:, CXIL, 125; 1888, November 12 to December 23, 17 daya—A.tf., CXXIV., 141. Juno (3), 1887, October 14 to 16, 3 days—A.iV., CXIX., 157 ; 1889, February 22 to April 2, 11 days—A.N., CXXIV., 141 ; 1890, May 19 to May 25, 4 days— A.JV.j CXXVL, 323. Vesta (4), 1887, March 25 to May 1, 9 days— yl.iV., CXIX., 157. Hebe (6), 1889, September 1 to 9, 5 days—AiV., CXXIV., 141 ; 1893, October 27 to November 5, 6 days—A^., CXXXV., 13. Flora (8), 1889, August 10 to 23, 8 days—A.AT., CXXIV., 141. Parthenope (11), 1893, September 20 to 29, 7 days— A.A1., CXXXIV., 241. Ariadne (43), 1890, July 21 to 23, 3 days — A.A:, CXXVI,, 323. Undina (92), 1890, September 8 to 10, 3 days— A.AT., CXXVL, 323. Mars, 1892, November 4—MM, LIIL, 341. Jupiter, 1880, November 20—/l.iT., XCIX., 205; 1887, April 21—0., X., 273; 1888, May 14 to 25, 12 days—J/.iV, XLIX., 40. Saturn, r 1886, January 10—Jf.A .9 XLVL, 304 ; 1887, January 30 to February 14, 5 days—J/.V., XLVIL, 431 ; 1893, April 3 to 11, 7 days—M.M, LIIL, 500. Uranus, 1881, March 8 to 15, 6 days—A.JV., CL, 223 ; 1894, October 5—M.N., LV., 83. Venus and Jupiter, 1891, April 7— M.N., LL, 561. Observations of Comets. 1858, VI. (Donati), 1858, October 12 to 25—H., 1858, October 14, 19, 29. 1861, II. (Tebbutt), May 13—#., 1861, May 25; LIX., 158. 1862, III. (Swift), 1862, August 31 to October 14, 14 days —Ph. S., 146; A.N., LIX., 157, 183 ; M.tf., XXIIL, 95. 1864, II. (Tempel), 1864, August 14 to September 25, 23 days—M.N., XXV., 43, 194 ; A.A.9 LXIIL, 141, 237, LXIV., 79. 1865, L, 1865, January 30 to March 23, 18 days—il/.iV, XXV., 195, 258 ; A.IV., LXIV, 221, 269, LXVIL, 139. 1865, II. (Encke), 1865, June 24 to 29, 2 days— M.N., XXVI., 29; A.N., LXV., 237. 1874, III. (Coggia), 1874, August 1 to October 7, 22 days— M.N., XXXV., 59,110,313,406; A.N., LXXXIV., 341, LXXXV., 49, 253, LXXXVL, 119,239. 1875, 11. (Encke), 1875, May 7 to 9, 2 days—A.JV., LXXXVL, 223. 1878 II. (Encke), 1878, August 3 to 17, 14 days—B.N., 1878, August 6 ; //., 1878, August 7; M.N., XXXIX., 75, 321; A.JST., XCIIL, 223, XCIV., 71. 1879, I. (Brorsen), 1879, February 22 to March 11, 3 days—M.N., XXXIX., 430,486 ; A.N.,XCV., 123. 1881, III. (Tebbutt), 1881, May 22 to June 11, 11 days—J/.A7., XLL, 442 ; A.N., C., 171,333 ; 0., IV., 239 ; RS., XV., 87. 1881, IV. (Schseberle), 1881, September 17 to October 15, 16 days—M.N., XLIL, 263 ; CL, 31, 301; 0., V., 20. 1882, 1. (Wells), 1882, June 19 to July 25, 30 days—M.N.,. XLIIL, 58 ; A.N., CIV., 41 ; 0., V., 272, VL, 302. 1882, IL, 1882, September 8 to 1883, March 2, 55 days; J/.A7., XLIIL, 31, 62, 383 ; A.N., CIIL, 311, CV., 117,263; 0., V., 367, VL, 302. 1882, III. (Barnard), 1882, December 2 to 8, 2 days—A.N., CIV., 317. 1883, II. (Ross), 1884, January 19 to February 2, 9 days—M.N., XLIV., 283, 444 ; A.N., CVI1L, 309, CIX., 251; 0., VII., 116. 1884 I. (Pons- Brooks), 1884, January 13 to April 21, 26 days—M.N., XLIV., 445 ; 25 A.N., ex., n5. 1884, II. (Barnard), 1884, July 24 to August 22, 17 days—M. lY., XLV., 50 ; A.N., GX., 39,125; 0., VII., 294. 1885, II. (Barnard), 1885, July 17, 1 day—.-I.A'., CXIIL, 263. 1886, 1. (Fal.ry), 1886, May 2 to June 7, 21 days—A. A'., CXV., 393 ; XX., 219. 1886 II. (Barnard), 1886, May 31 to July 1, 8 days—A .■x., OXVI., 123, CXXL, 139; XX., 219. 1886, V. (Brooks), 1886, July 3 to 21, 5 days—/).A'., CXVL, 123 ; R.S., XX., 219. 1886, VI. (Winnecke), 1886, August 25 to October 29, 32 days—il/..V., XLVIL, 293; Ji.S., XXI, 159. 1886, VII. (Finlay), 1886, October 8 to December 30, 23 days—A. X., CXVIL, 109 ; Jl.S., XXI., 159. 1887, I., 1887, January 28 to 30, 2 days—0., X., 166 ; OXVL, 319. 1888, I. (Sawerthal), 1888, February 27 to April 2, 23 days—M.N., XLVIIL, 312,376; A.\., CXIX., 41,89, 169; B.S., XXII., 284. 1888, II. (Encke), 1888, July 8 to August 1, 10 days—A.N., CXIX., 349, CXX., 219 ; 0., XL, 338 ; R.S., XXII., 284. 1889,1. (Barnard), 1888, November 5, to 1889, July 1, 24 days—A.N., CXXL, 221, CXXIIL, 89. 1889, IV. (Davidson), 1889, July 23 to August 15, 8 days—A.N., CXXIL, 349, CXXIIL, 409. 1889, V. (Brooks), 1889, October 25 to 28, 2 days—A.N., CXXIIL, 409. 1890, V. (d'Arrest), 1890, October 12 to November 6, 8 days—A. A7., CXXVL, 357. 1890, VI. (Denning), 1S90, October 4, 1 day—A.N., CXXVL, 357. 1891, I. (Barnard-Denning), 1891, June 4 to July 3, 8 days—A. \., CXXVIjJ., 203,221. 1891, II. (Wolf), 1891, October 9 to December 26, 13 days —A. .v., CXXXL, 41; U.S., XXVL, 335. 1892, I. (Swift), 1892, March 10 to May 2, 17 days— A. A'., CXXIX., 309, CXXXL, 41; R.S., XXVI., 335. 1892, III. (Holmes), 1892, November 13 to 24, 8 days—A. A7., CXXXIL, 25; U.S., XXVL, 332. 1892, IV. (Winnecke), 1892, July 17 to September 27, 24 days—M. A'., LIIL, 70; J.A'., CXXXL, 405; R.S., XXVL, 335. 1892, VI. (Brooks), 1892, Novem¬ ber 28, to 1893, June 19, 62 days—^l.i\7., CXXXIIL, 125, 195, 347 ; R.S., XXVIL, 348. 1893, 11. (Rordame-Quenisset), 1893. July 29 to August 13, 11 days—A. A'., CXXXIV., 241. 1894, 11. (Gale), 1894, April 3 to May 11, 27 days—A. A'., CXXXV., 261, CXXXVL, 241, 377 ; B.A.A., IV., 307 ; R.S., XXVIII., 129. 1894, III. (TempeU), May 12, 1 day—A.N., CXXXVL, 241. Observations of Double Stars. 1880-1885—M. A'., XLVL, 50. 1880—0., III., 514, V., 52. 1881 —0., IV., 211, V., 52 ; R.S., XV., 379. 1884—0., VIL, 295. 1885 0., VIII., 382. 1886-87-88—M.N., L., 23; 0., XL, 136. 1889-90— M.N., LL, 331. 1891 LIT., 386. 1892—M.N., LIIL, 369. 1893—M. X., LIV., 123. Observations of Variable Stars. ■7 Argus—M.N., XXVI., 83, XXVI1L, 266, XXXL, 210, XXXVIL, 280; A.X., LXXVIIL, 297, CXIX., 269; Ph.S., 130, 131; 0., IX., 194, XI., 299. R Carinse—M.N., XLIV., 14, XLVL, 487, 26 LI., 46 ; U.S., XV., 380. Supposed Variable in Monoceros—A.JV., LXXXVL, 223, 239 ; A.E., XIII., 223. Variable in Ara.—M.M, XXXVIIL, 330; J.N., XCL, 279 ; U.S., XL, 197. B.A.C., 2472— ilf.JV"., XL., 437. 19 Leporis—0., VI., 154. Lalande 19034 and 19093—A.E., XXL, 39. Supposed Variable, 1875-0, a =12h. 18-0m. S= -48° 43'— ;i.N., CXXV., 41. Miscellaneous Observations. Observation of the Aurora Australis, 1859, August 29—//., 1859, September 1. Measures of Difference of R.A. and N.P.D. of rj Argus and 'Neighbouring Stars—J/ iV., XXIX., 296. Physical Observations of Jupiter's Satellites in Transit—M.N., XXXIV., 73, XXXVIIL, 73 ; A.S.P.j III., 221, 353, V., 40. Probable Disappearance of Two Stars from Cluster near B.A.C. 2694—M.M, XXXV., 126. Brisbane 6183 found to be missing—A.A7., XCIIL, 141; JR.S., X1L, 228. Occultation of a Fixed Star by Jupiter's First Satellite, 1878, October 5—AiV., XCIIL, 379. Observations of the Red Spot on Jupiter at transit over the planet's central meridian—i/.iV., XLL, 331. Proper Motion of Lalande 18069 ; 0., X., 273. Comparisons of Magnitudes of Uranus— E.S., XIL, 220, XIV., 23. Ocjultation of 47 Librae by Jupiter, 1888, June 10—A.JV., CXLX, 377. Observation of the Colour of /'Velorum —B.A.A., L, 423. Latitude of Mr. Tebbutt's Observatory, Windsor, N.S.Wales—J/.iV., XLIV., 101. Difference of Longitude between Mr. Tebbutt's Observatory and the Government Observatories at Sydney and Melbourne—M.NXLVIIL, 313. ". \; ,■ •• :•••.•'' '• ' • • ':.'*.* J-^-' '"^-.>'•?•<•■■'■ ^ ■ •■■:''' -m-vp ^ vi^ "f M ::■ ^■;■; '•?.■■ ■•.■•> ■:■ "■■■>■; "' ■ ■' t'',".! OF Mi1. Tebfriift Ob^eMtoi'iJ, THE PENINSULA, WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES, FOR THE YEAR 1895, JOHN TEBBUTT, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London ; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the British Astronomical Association; Corresponding Member of the Alliance Scientifique of Paris ; and Honorary Corres- ^ ponding Member of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. Stjdnet!; TURNER AND HENDERSON, Printers and Publishers, HUNTER STREET. 1896. REPORT Of Mr1. Tebbutft Qb^eMoriJ, THE PENINSULA, WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES, . FOR THE YEAR 1895, BY JOHN TEBBUTT, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London ; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the British Astronomical Association; Corresponding Member of the Alliance Scientifique of Paris; and Honorary Corres¬ ponding Member of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. : TURNER AND HENDERSON, Printers and Publishers, HUNTER STREET. 1896. CONTENTS. :o: PAGE Buildings and Instruments ...... 3 Position of the Observatory ...... 3 Meridian Work ...... 3 Instrumental Errors and Chronometer Errors and Rates ...... 5-13 Extra-Meridian Work ...... 14 Meteorological Observations ...... 17 Publications ...... 17 The Library 18 Personal Establishment ...... ' 18 Work proposed for the Year 189»3 ...... 18 Presents received for the Library during the Year 1895 ...... 19-24? Errata 24 SHI REPORT OF THE WINDSOR OBSERVATORY For 1895. It will be seen from the following report, which is given under the usual heads, that a considerable amount of good work was done during the year :— Buildings and Instruments. These remain the same as at the close of the year 1894. Position of the Observatory. This is adopted as in the previous report, namely:— Longitude from Greenwich = lOh. 3m. 20.5s. E.; astronomical latitude =-33° 36' 30.8". Meridian Work. The rate of sidereal chronometer John Poole, No. 2962, which was employed as the timekeeper during the year, proved to be satisfactory. The mean daily gaining rate for the year was 3.05 seconds. A full explanation of the methods adopted for the de¬ termination of the errors of the transit instrument is given in the report for 1890. The equatorial distances in sidereal time of the outer wires of the instrument from the middle wire were adopted as A = + 20.556s., B= + 10.439s., D = -9.335s., E=-19.024s., with a correction of +0.527s. to the middle wire for the upper culmination with the clamp east. These values were derived from a reduction of the transits of all the circumpolar stars observed in 1894. In accordance with the plan adopted in 1894, the transits of circumpolar stars in 1895 were similarly reduced 4 as they were made, but no sensible change was detected in the equatorial distances of the wires. The distances resulting from the observations of 1895 are:—A= 4-20.527s., B= + 10.508s., D=— 9.327s., E= —19.092s., with a correction of 4-0.523s. to the middle wire. These new values will serve for the year 1896. It will be seen from the report for 1894 that the level and azimuth errors wrere not so steady as they had been for some years. This unsteadiness continued through 1895. The eastern pivot fell relatively till towards the close of February. From that time it gradually rose till about March 23, but subsequently it fell continuously till the end of the year, and it was found necessary to make repeated adjustments. The north end of the axis of collimation moved persistently westward till the close of August, but did not change much during the last four months of the year. During the year there were 454, 52, and 159 separate determinations of the level collimation and azimuth errors respectively. The total number of transits of stars of a declina¬ tion less than 40° was 957, and these were observed on 184 nights. It will thus be seen that the meridian work has been heavier than usual. The usual table follows, exhibiting the errors of the transit instrument, and the errors and rates of the chronometer Poole, which was also employed in the extra- meridian observations. The apparent right ascensions of both clock and circumpolar stars have been interpolated from the American Ephemeris, the co-ordinate for ^Ceti in December having been increased by 1.00s. Daily aberration was applied to all the right ascensions. In the case of extra-meridian observations, the observed sidereal times have been converted into the corresponding mean times by check operations, namely, once by employing the Greenwich sidereal time at mean noon for the date diminished by 1m. 39.12s., and once by employing the Greenwich mean time of the preceding transit of the First Point of Aries increased by 1m. 38.84s. 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SJ 4-. ? Cu'tn P3 OC o^c oM o ^-^.5c c c 53 •SJISUEJX '5.52 e o o « C j^SP'OM (M VOOOCO-^^CO ^ VO CO VO t> VQ TF^HCO „ucxol>^-iUw°2 . ^ W^3 g « V Vio! ^ 2 Sj E^^^T.SO , rrt t^.. 5•- U *-' J! ^ GOOC^COCiCl 00 OrH^CD 00 o rH rH ,ur^ Extra-Meridian Work. OCCULTATIONS OF Stars by THE Moon.—Notwith¬ standing the prevalence of cloudy weather, particularly at the beginning and the end of the year, no fewer than sixty-five phases were observed, namely, thirty-six disappearances at the dark and five reappearances at the bright limb, and ten dis¬ appearances at the bright and fourteen reappearances at the dark limb. The stars for fifty-nine of the phases have been identified by means of the catalogues in the Observatory library. Twelve Nautical Almanac stars were observed in both phases, and among them Antares on May 10. What may perhaps be regarded as a feat in occultation observation was accomplished on August 29. This was the observation of both phases of B.A.C. 6127, a star of the 5th magnitude, in full sunlight. A detailed account of the observation is given in the Observatory for November, 1895. The total number of occultation-phases observed here from 1864 inclusive to the end of 1895 is 692, comprising 605 disappearances and 87 reappearances. The results for 1895 have been forwarded to the Astronomische Nachrichten) and they present the greatest number obtained for any one year during the period just referred to. The occultation- series 1873-1876 was availed of by Professor Auwers in 1884 for the determination of a fundamental meridian for Australia. The series for 1864-70 is at present in the hands of another German astronomer, and the results are likely to be very satisfactory. It is hoped that the much longer series 1876-95, observed under better instrumental conditions, may soon be turned to similar account. Mr. Joseph Brooks, F.R.A.S., has kindly furnished the Observatory with predictions of occultations during the year and thus rendered it an important service. Conjunction of Jupiter and 1 Geminorum.—Filar- micrometer measures were made on the 8-inch equatorial on January 5 and 10 with satisfactory results. In consequence of cloudy weather there was no other opportunity for comparisons. Conjunctions of Saturn with * and 96 Virginis.— These were observed in May and August respectively. Filar- micrometer comparisons on the 8-inch equatorial under good conditions were made on May 6, 7, 9, 13, 15, 16, and August 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and the resulting corrections of the Nautical Almanac ephemeris were found to be very consistent. 15 Conjunction of Venus and e Geminorum.—Com¬ parisons of these objects were made by means of the same telescope and micrometer in full sunlight on May 19 and 20, but in consequence of the unsteadiness and bad definition of the planet, the results are unsatisfactory and not worth publication. Minor Planets.—Dr. Luther of Diisseldorf kindly pro¬ vided the Observatory with ephemerides of Hebe and Parthenope for the oppositions of February and January respectively. Coiv tinuous cloudy weather prevented any observation of the latter, but of the former a good series of comparisons with the filar- micrometer of the 8-inch equatorial was obtained on February 24, 25, 26, 27, March 4, 12, 13, 14, 24, 25, 28. A fine series of measures of Ceres with the same instrument was obtained on June 28, 29, 30, July 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, between the parallels of 27° and 29° south declination. The corrections for the ephemeris of this planet*in the Appendix to the Nautical Almanac for 1895 are very satisfactory throughout the series. COMETS.—There are no observations to record in this department. Owing to much cloudy weather in March Encke^ comet could not be observed in the morning sky. A long period of cloudy weather in December also prevented any observation of the bright comets discovered by Perrine and Brooks. The telegrams announcing the discoveries of these comets were received respectively on November 19 and 26, with the respective positions for the 17th and 21st, but without any indication of the direction of motion. An opportunity did not present itself till the morning of December 2, civil time, and I then swept for Brooks, comet between 5° and 17° south declination and in strong moonlight, but without success. On the evening of the same day, in answer to enquiries, a telegram was received from the Melbourne Observatory giving the position for November 25, 644 G.M.T., from which it was quite obvious that the search was made too far south. Cloudy weather again set in and continued for some days. Towards the close of December a very brilliant comet was reported to have been seen low down on the south¬ west horizon at various places in New South Wales and Victoria. From an ephemeris by the Rev. G. M. Searle in Nq. 360 of the Astronomical Journal, received on the 9th instant, it is obvious that this brilliant object was no other than the comet discovered 16 by Perrine. It is much to be regretted that beyond the original announcement of the discovery of this comet no further particu¬ lars were cabled to Australia. Had the elements or a few ephemeris positions been furnished in time, it is probable that some positions might have been secured. Phenomena of Jupiter's Satellites.—These were ob¬ served in February, March, April, and May, and are classified thus:—Transit ingress, 1.3; Transit egress, 1.2, III.1 ; Occulta- tion disappearances, 1.2, II.1; Occultation reappearances, III.l, IV.1 ; Eclipse disappearance, III.l; Eclipse reappearances, 1.7, II.2, III.2, IV,1. The last mentioned phase occurred on April ] 1, and was an early eclipse of the present cycle for the fourth satellite. The apparent error of the Nautical Almanac was found to be +13m. 17s. DOUBLE Stars.—The following southern double stars, all of which are of peculiar interest, were measured with the 8-inch equatorial:—p Eridani, Lacaille 2145, Stone 4019, $ Argus, a CruciSj y Centauri, y Virgin is, 13 Muscce, a Centauri, tt Lupi, P Ophiuchij 36 Ophiuchi, Brisbane 6556, Lacaille 7924, y Cor once Australis, 0 Indi, and 0 Gruis. Forty-five nights were partially occupied with this department of work, and the measures involve 815 settings for position angle and 348 for distance. The results for a and y Centauri and y Coronce Australis have been forwarded in advance of. publication to Dr. See of Chicago, and those of a Centauri to Dr. Doberck of Hongkong, in accordance with applications from those astronomers. Variable Stars.—77 Argus was compared on two or three occasions and a connected series of comparisons of R Carince was obtained, from which it appears that the maximum of this interesting variable was attained on May 13=5.1 of the scale of the Uranometria Argentina. This exceeded the maximum of the preceding year by half a magnitude, and is the eleventh satisfactorily determined at Windsor since 1879. A comparison of the Cordoba observations in 1871 with those at Windsor in 1895 gives a mean period of about 311 days from maximum to maximum. This is a day less than that deduced from the comparisons down to 1886. 17 Meteorological Observations. These observations have been carried on with great regu¬ larity at 9h. a.m., and comprise readings of the barometer, maximum and minimum dry and wet thermometers, black bulb sun thermometer in vacuo and grass radiation thermometer, also the indications of two rain-gauges and two evaporation-gauges at different heights. The direction of the wind is also continuously recorded by an anemograph constructed by the author, whose motive power for the cylinder carrying the register-sheet is an old English eight-day clock beating seconds. It may be interesting to note here that this timekeeper, which has been doing the work for the past sixteen years, was once the old family-clock by which the author of these pages learned to tell the time about fifty-five years ago. The abstracts of the meteorological observa¬ tions for 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894 and 1895 are now nearly ready for the printer. The daily rainfall return has been forwarded in accordance with custom to the Government Astronomer. The winter of 1895 proved to be the severest experienced at Windsor since observations were commenced in 1863. Publications. The following papers have appeared in various scientific journals since the publication of the last report:— Results of Double-Star Measures in 1894.—Royal Astronomical Society's Monthly Notices, vol. Iv., p. 308. Equatorial Comparisons of Jupiter and 1 Geminorum, 1895, Jan. 5, 10.—R.A.S. Monthly Notices, vol. ly., p. 341. Observations of Phenomena of Jupiter's Satellites IN 1895.—R.A.S. Monthly Notices, vol. Iv., p. 517. Results of Micrometer Comparisons of Saturn and k Virginis, 1895, May.—R.A.S. Monthly Notices, vol. Iv., p. 519. Observations of the Occultation of Venus, 1894, May 1, AND OF OCCULTATIONS OF STARS DURING 1894.— Astronomische Nachrichten, Band cxxxvii., p. 397. Observations of Minor Planet (6) Hebe, 1895, February and March.—Ast. Nach., Band cxxxviii., p. 283. 18 Note on Mr. C. J. Merfield's Predicted Occultation OF B.A.C. 5255 FOR 1895, July 3.—British Astronomical Association Journal, vol v., p. 510. Observation of the Occultation of Antares, 1895, May 10.—B. Ast. Assoc. Journal, vol. v., p. 511. Observation of the Eclipse of Jupiter's Fourth Satellite, 1895, April 11.—Publicatio7is of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, vol. vii., No. 43, p. 218. Results of Filar-Micrometer Comparisons of Saturn with 96 Virginis, 1895, August, and of Ceres with Neighbouring Stars, 1895, June and July.—R.AS. Monthly Notices, vol. Ivi., p. 38. Observation of a Daylight Occultation of B.A.C. 6127, 1895, AUGUST 29.—Observatory, vol. xviii., p. 396. The Library, A considerable number of books and pamphlets have been received during the year, for which the author tenders his best thanks to the various donors. A complete list of the presents for 1895 is appended to this report. Personal Establishment. All the astronomical and nearly all the meteorological ob¬ servations have been made by the proprietor. During a day's absence from home, about once a fortnight, the latter observations have been made by his son. The astronomical reductions have been made by the author, and the sums and means of the meteorological observations have been computed independently by two other persons and finally examined by him. Work Proposed for tlie Year 1896. The observations of occultations and of the meteorological instruments, together with the author's attention to business of a private nature will probably occupy the first three months of the year. The programme for work after March is not yet settled, but it will probably be similar to that adhered to in former years. 1896, January 31. 19 PRESENTS RECEIVED FOR THE LIBRARY DURING THE YEAR 1895. [Note.—The names of the donors are printed in italics.] Results of Rain, River, and Evaporation Observations in New South Wales during 1893; pp. 1. and 176, with diagrams. Two copies. Magnetic Storms and Sunspots, by M. A. Veeder. Sheet. The Government Observatory, Sydney. Record of Results of Observations in Meteorology and Terrestrial Magnetism at the Melbourne Observatory, &c., from April 1 to June 30, 1894; pp. 19. Record of Results of Observations in Meteorology and Terrestrial Magnetism at Melbourne Observatory, &c.,from July 1 to Sept. 30, and from October 1 to December 31, 1894;; pp. 35. The Government Observatory, Melbourne. Sixth International Congress of Geographical Societies. Invitation Circular; pp. 33. Proceedings and Transactions of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, 1894-1895; vol. X., pp. 144. The Queensland Branch of the Society. "The Surveyor" for December 4, 1894, January 7, February4, March 6, April 18, May 8, June 5, July 5, August 8, September 6, October 5, November 11, December 9, 1895. The Institution of Surveyors, N. S. Wales. Report of the Trustees of the Sydney Free Public Library for 1894; pp. 8. The Trustees. Catalogue of 1713 stars for 1885.0 from Observations at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, 1879 to 1885, with two appen¬ dices ; pp. 1 and 115. Results of Meridian Observations of Stars at the Royal Observatory Cape of Good Hope from 1885 August to 1887 December; pp. xviii. and 412. Ihe Astronomer Royal for England. Cambridge Astronomical Observations, Vols. 1. to XXIL, 1828-1869. The Cambridge University Observatory. Catalogue of 6424 Stars for 1890.0 from Observations at the RadclifTe Observatory, Oxford, during 1880-1893; pp. xv. and 287. The Radcliffe Trusteesi Weekly Weather Reports, October 27th, 1894, to November 23rd, 1895, both included with Title Page and Preface for 1894; Vol, XL, 3rd Series. 20 Summary of Observations at Stations included in the Daily and Weekly Weather Reports, September, 1894 to September, 1895, both included. Quarterly Summary of Weekly Weather Reports, 1894 October-Decem¬ ber, and 1895 January-March, April-June, and July-September. Year's Summary of the Weekly Weather Report, 1894. Appendix II., Vol. XL, Weekly Weather Report, Tables I. to VI. Meteorological Observations at Stations of the Second Order for 1890. Report of the Meteorological Council to the Royal Society for the Year ended March 31, 1894; pp. 102. Report of the International Meteorological Committee, Upsala, 1894; pp. 48. The Meteorological Office, London+ Extracts from the Report of the Liverpool Observatory, Bidston, Birken- head, with Meteorological Results during 1892 and 1893; pp. 60. The Liverpool Observatory► Results of Meteorological and Magnetical Observations at Stonyhurst College Observatory, 1894; pp. 84. Sto7iyhurst College Observatory. Report of the Incorporated Kew Committee for 1894 ; pp. 33. The Kew Observatory. Report on the Temple Observatory, Rugby, for 1894; pp. 2. The Temple Observatory. Walsingham Observatory Report, 1894; pp. 2. The Walsingham Observatory. Meteorological Department, Borough of Southport. Report and Results of Observations for 1894, with two Appendices ; pp. 32. Fernley Observatory, Southport. Meteorological Observations at Rousdon Observatory, Devon, for 1894; pp. 34. The Rousdon Observatory. Report of H.M. Astronomer at the Cape of Good Hope for 1894; pp. 20. The Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. Madras Meridian Circle Observations, 1883-84-85-86-87; Vol. VIIL, pp. xxii. and 150. List of Errata in Vols. I. to VI. Madras Meridian Circle Observations. The Madras Observatory. Monthly Weather Review, Meteorological Service, Dominion of Canada, April. May, June, July, September, October, November, December, 1894, and January, February, March, April, 1895. Toronto General Meteorological Register for 1894 ; pp. 11. The Meteorological Office, Toronto. Observations and Researches at Hongkong Observatory in 1894; pp. 44 and 108. The Hongkong Observatory. 21 Extract from the Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Nautical Almanac for 1894 ; pp. 7. The Elements of the Four Inner Planets, and the Fundamental Constants of Astronomy, by S. Newcomb ; pp. 202. Office of the American Ephemeris. A Brief Account of the Lick Observatory of the University of California, by E. S. Holden; 2nd Edition, pp. 29, with plates. Report on the Total Eclipse of the Sun at Mina Bronces, Chili, 1893, April 16, by J. M. Schaeberle; pp. 126, with plates. The Lick Observatory. Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College, Vol. XXXII., Part I. Investigations of Astronomical Photography, by Prof. W. H. Pickering; pp. 115 and 7 plates. Harvard College Observatory. Observations during 1889 at the U .S. Naval Observatory; pp. Ixvii., Ill, 51, with an appendix, pp. 73. Meteorological Observations and Results at the U. S. N. Observatory, 1889; pp. 57. Magnetic Observations at the U. S. N. Observatory, 1892 ; pp. 73. The U\ S. Naval Observatory. Report of the Yale University Observatory for 1894-95 ; pp. 21. The Yale University Observatory. Publications of the Washburn Observatory, Vol. VII., Part 2. Meteor¬ ological Observations, 1890-91-92-93 ; pp. 105. The Washburn Observatory. Publications of the Cincinnati Observatory (No. 13). Catalogue of 2000 Stars for 1890 ; pp. 51. The Cincinnati Observatory. Proceedings of the Section of Engineers and Naval Architects of the Franklin Institute, 1894; pp. 145, with plates. The Natural Soda Deposits of the United States, by Dr. T. M. Chatard; pp. 22. The City Avenue Bridge over the Schuylkill River, Philadelphia, by J. V. Merrick; pp. 6, with diagrams. The Theory of the Air-lift Pump, by E. G. Harris; pp. 21. Reasons for Predicting the Existence of Argon, by C. J. Reed ; pp. 9, with illustrations. Investigation of Utah Gilsonite, a Variety of Asphalt, by W. C. Day; pp. 17. Asphalts and Bitumens, by S. P. Sadtler, Ph.D.; pp. 15. A n Apparatus for Experimenting with the Law of Flexure of Beams ; pp. 5. The Jfranklin Institute, Philadelphia. The Parallax of 77 Cassiopeia, deduced from the Rutherford Photo¬ graphic Measures, by H. S. Davis; pp. 25. Columbia College Observatory. 22 Rapport Annuel sur TEtat de TObservatoire de Paris, pour 1894; pp.30 The Paris Observatory. Annales de TObservatoire de Nice, Tomes IV. & V. The Nice Observatory. Mittheilungen der Hamburger Sternwarte, Nos. 1 and 2; pp. 62 and 41. Sternwarte Hamburg bericht des Direktors, Prof. G. Riimker; pp. 7. The Hamburg Observatory. Publicationen der v'Kuffner'schen Sternwarte in Wien, III.Band; pp. xvi., 307, with Appendices ; pp. xcvi. v'Kuffner1 s Observatory, Vienna. Meteorologische und Magnetische Beobachtungen zu Pola, Jan.—Sept., 1895. Hydrog. Amte zu Pola Magnetische und Meteorologische Beobachtungen an derk. k. Sternwarte zu Prag, 1894. The Prague Observatory. Az Utolso 15 ev Az Ustokosok torlenetebol (1880-1895), &c.; pp. 25 and 11, with diagrams. Kiskartel Observatory. SullaTeoria dei Cicloni recherche di Luigi de Marchi; pp. 44, with plates. The Observatory, Brer a, Milan, Concours International de Reglage pour Chronometres de Poche de haute precision en 1896 ; pp. 7. The Geneva Observatory. Publication der Charkower Universitats-Sternwarte, Heft No. 3; pp. 72 and 23, with diagrams. The Charkow Observatory. Resultate der Beobachtungen in Kazan betreffend der Veranderlichkeit der Polhohe; pp. 85, with diagram. The Observatory, Kasan. Redogorelse for fortgangen af de astrofotografiska arbetena a observa- torieti Helsingfors under tidenjuni, 1893—Maj, 1894 (pp. 10), and Juni, 1894, till Maj, 1895 (pp. 8), af Anders Donner. The Observatory, Helsingfors. DieTriangulation von Java, Vierte-Abtheilurig, von Dr. J. A.C.Oudemans; pp. 224, with plates. Die Niederlandischen Regierung. Annuario del Observatorio Ast. Nacional de Tacubaya, 1895 ; pp. 414. Boletin del Observatorio Ast. Nacional de Tacubaya, Obs. Merid., Tomo I., Nos. 19, 20, 21, 22. Tempestades del Fin del Invierno por Guillermo, B. Y. Puga; pp. 30, with diagrams The Observatory, Tacubaya. Boletin del Observatorio Meteorologico Central del Estado de Vera Cruz, Xalapa, Mexico, Resumen de Enero & Febrero, Api de 1895, Resumen, etc., en cle Ano de 1894, April, Majo, Junio, 1895. The Central Meteorological Observatory, Vera Cruz% Annuario publicado pelo Observatorio do Rio de Janeiro, 1894; pp. 350. The Imperial Observatory, Rio de Janeiro. 23 Memorias y Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica " Antonio Alzate," Tomo VIL, Nos. 11, 12, Tomo VIII., 1894-95, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4. Sociedad Cietitifica, " Antonio Alzate A Survey of Recent Exploration in British New Guinea, by J. P. Thomson, F.R.S.G.S.; pp. 17. The Physical Geography of Australia, by the same ; pp. 47. The Author. A List of Probably New Double Stars, by R. T. A. Innes, F.R.A.S. The Author. Chairman's Address, by B. C. Simpson, M.Inst.C.E., before Engineering Section of the Royal Society of N. S. Wales, May 15th, 1895 ; pp.7. The Author. Light as the Interpretation of the Law of Gravity, by A. M. Cameron ; pp. 54. J'he Author. Paper on Aeronautical Work, pp. 8, with plates, i.-ix., by Lawrence Hargrave. The Author. The Cubic Parabola as Applied to the Easing of Circular Curve^ on Railway Lines, by C. J. Merfield ; pp. 26, with plate. The Author. The History, Theory, and Determination of the Viscosity of Water by the Efflux Method, by G. H. Knibbs; pp. 70, with plate. The Author. Note on Stars Suitable for the -Determination of Clock Errors, by A. M. W. Downing, M. A.; pp. 3, with plate. The Author. Data for Computing the Positions of the Satellites of Jupiter, 1894-95 ; pp. 7, by A. Marth. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of Jupiter, 1894-95 (concluded); pp. 9, by A. Marth. Ephemerides of the Five Inner Satellites of Saturn, 1895, by A. Marth; pp. 9. Ephemeris for Physical Observations of Jupiter, 1895-96, by A. Marth ; pp. 9 and 15. Data for Computing the Positions of the Satellites of Jupiter, 1895-96, by A. Marth; pp. 8. The Author. Remarkable Comets, by W. T. Lynn, F.R.A.S., 3rd ed. The Author. Spectroscopic Binary Stars, by J. E. Gore, F.R.A.S.; pp. 4. Two copies. The Author. The Brunsviga Calculating Machine. The Publishers. On a Method of Photographing the Corona during a Total Eclipse, &c., by C. Burckhalter; pp. 5. The Author. The Rutherfurd Photographic Measures of Sixty-two Stars about f] Cassiopeia?, by H. S. Davis ; pp. 40. The Author. Magnetic Storms and Sunspots, by M. A. Veeder, sheet. Three copies. The Author. 24 Mesures Micrometriques d'Etoiles-Double faites a TObservatoire de Paris, 1890 a 1894, par M. G. Bigourdan. The Author. Determination des Constantes Necessaires pour la Reduction des Cliches pris a Helsingfors pour la construction de Catalogue Photographique des Etoiles jusqu'a la Onzieme grandeur,par Anders Donner; pp.68. The Author. Le Service Chronometrique a TObservatoire de Geneve, etc., par Raoul Gautier ; pp. 171. The Author. Elemente und Ephemeride des Planeten Geraldina (300) fiir die Opposition, 1895, von A Rodin ; pp. 6. The Author. Beobachtung heller Linien in den Spektren einiger Sterne, von G. Gruss und W. Laska ; pp. 2. Untersuchungen iiber den Lichtwechsel von veranderlichen Sternen, von G. Gruss und W. Laska; pp. 6. The Authors. Im Reiche des Lichtes, Sonnen, Zodiakallichte, Kometen, etc., von Hermann Gruson, pp. 263, with coloured and other plates. The Author. Beobachtungen Veranderlichen Sterne angestellt von J. Plassman, Vierter Teil; pp. 52, with diagrams. The Author Jena, Sonder-Abdruck aus VJ.S. der Ast. Gesellschaft, Jahrgung 27, Heft 2 und Jahrgung 28, Heft 3. Otto Knopf, L^Phenomene Fondamental du Systeme Solaire, par A. Tischner; pp. 48. The Author. ERRATA. In the Report for 1894— Page 15, line 6 from bottom, for 1894 read 1893. Page 20, line 9 from bottom, for G. B. Jenkins read B. G. Jenkins. Turner and Henderson, Printers, Sydney—3112. 3-Z.Z/ft Tc1 / 'history '^irORTS, ET'/.. REPORT OF W, Tebbutft Ob^eMtoj, THE PENINSULA WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES, FOR THE YEAR 1896, BY JOHN TEBBUTT Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, London ; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the British Astronomical Association; Corresponding Member of the Alliance Scientifique of Paris ; and Honorary Corres¬ ponding Member of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. SyCnicy; TURNER AND HENDERSON, Printers and Publishers, HUNTER STREET. 1897. REPORT OF W. Tebbutft Ob^eMtoi'iJ, THE PENINSULA, WINDSOR, NEW SOUTH WALES, FOR THE YEAR 1896, BY JOHN TEBBUTT, Fellow' of the Royal Astronomical Society, London; Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the British Astronomical Association; Corresponding Member of the Alliance Scientifique of Paris; and Honorary Corres¬ ponding Member of the Queensland Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. Stj&itct!: TURNER AND HENDERSON, Printers and Publishers, HUNTER STREET. 1897. CONTENTS. PAGE Buildings and Instruments ...... ••• 3 Position of the Observatory...... 3 Meridian Work ...... ••• ^ Instrumental Errors and Chronometer Errors and Rates ...... 6-17 Extra-Meridian Work ...... ••• 18 Meteorological Observations...... 20 Publications ...... ••• ••• — 20 The Library ...... ••• ••• 21 Personal Establishment ...... ••• 21 Observations recently utilized ...... ••• ... ••• 21 Presents received for the Library during the Year 1896 ...... 24-30 Errata (1895) ...... ••• ••• 31 REPORT OF THE WINDSOR OBSERVATORY For 1896. The year 1896 having been characterised by a very large number of clear nights, I am enabled to present an unusually good report of work done. Buildings and Instruments. No additions have been made either to the buildings or to the instruments during the year. Position of the Observatory. The longitude of the Observatory hitherto adopted is lOh. 3m. 20*53. E. of Greenwich, and is derived in the manner described on pages 6 and 7 of the Report for 1888. The following is a summary of the best values obtained for this element h. m. s. The Author's determination in 1880 from"^ 23 occultation-phases during the period f jQ g 21*81 1866-76. R.A.S. Monthly Notices, C Vol. XL , p. 440. ^ Longitude of Sydney Observatory by Russell from moon-culminations in 1863, 1871- 72-73-74 (See Sydney Obs. iSjj and 1A /oyoj—lOh. 4m.I 50*81s.t^Qi E.T7 minus y 10 3 21-42 difference of longitude by telegraph in 3885 and 1887 = Jm. 29'39s. 4 Longitude of Melbourne Observatory by Ellery from moon-culminations at Williamstovvn in 1860-61-62 (See Intro¬ duction to Melbourne ObsVol. III., ^ 10 3 20*67 p. vi.)=9h. 39m. 54*80 plus difference of longitude by telegraph in 1887 = 23m. 25*87s. Longitude of Sydney Observatory from telegraphic determinations in 1883= ^ 10 3 20*15 lOh. 4m. 49,54s. E. minus 1m. 29.39s. referred to on page 3. Longitude of Melbourne Observatory from"") telegraphic determinations in 1883 = 9h. C io 3 20 01 39m. 54*14s. plus 23m. 25'87s. above \ referred to. Dr. Auwers' determination in 1884 from 751 occuhation-phases observed at Windsor (, [q 3 21*25 during 1873-76. See AsL Nach.s \ Band ] 10, p. 339. Dr. Auvvers, determination in 1884 of the longitude of Melbourne Observatory from 12 occultation-phases observed at \ 10 3 18*99 Melbourne in 1874-75 (See Ast. Nach., Band 110, p. 339) =9h. 39m. 53*12s. E plus 23m. 25*87s. Dr. H. Clemens, determination in 1896 from") 66 occultation-phases observed at L 10 3 20*60 Windsor during 1864-70. Inaugural \ dissertation. The astronomical latitude is still adopted as—33° 36' 30*8", the value derived from prime vertical observations in 1881. Meridian Work. Sidereal chronometer John Poole, No. 2962, was employed as the timekeeper during the year and was regulated by means of the 3-inch transit instrument. A full explanation of the mejthods adopted for the determination of the errors of the transit instrument is given in the Report for 1890. In the early part of the year the equatorial distances in sidereal time of the outer wires of the instrument from the middle wire C were 5 adopted as:—A= + 20*527s., B= + 10,508s., D = —9*3278., E= —19,092s., with a correction of +0,523s. to the middle wire for the upper culmination, clamp east. These values were derived from a reduction of the circumpolar transits observed in 1895, and all the transits from the beginning of the year to April 22 were reduced to the middle wire by means of tables founded on them. It was found, however, on a reduction of the transits of circumpolar stars for this period that a change had taken place between January 11 and 27 in the distance of wire A from the middle wire. A provisional determination of the equatorial values of the wires was then made from the circumpolar transits from January 27 to April 22 with the following results:— A=+2(H92sM B= + 10-521s., D=- 9*315s., E=-19014s., with a correction of +0,477s. to the middle wire. These values were employed from April 22 to the end of the year. The reductions of the circumpolar transits were subsequently made to keep pace with the observations, but no further change occurred in the distances of the wires. The reductions from January 27 to the end of the year yielded the following values :— A=+20T91s., B= + 10,502s., D = —9*319s., E= —19 014s., with a correction of +0*4725. to the middle wire. These will be employed for the current year. The fall observed in the eastern pivot during the year 1895 continued till about the middle of February, and from that time the pivot rose till May 7. It subsequently fell slowly till about June 25, when a very large and sudden fall occurred, with a large corresponding change in the azimuth. It then rose till the close of the year. With the exception of the sudden change of azimuth about June 25, this error did not vary much. After June 25 the north end of the axis of collimation moved very slowly eastward. During the year there were 536, 54 and 237 separate determinations of the level, collimation, and azimuth errors respectively. The local sidereal time was determined on 221 nights and for this purpose 1495 transits of stars were observed. Of these transits 1230 were of stars with a declination not exceeding 40° and 265 of stars in high declination for azimuth. The following table exhibits the errors of the transit instrument and the errors and rates of the chronometer John Poole, which was also employed in the extra-meridian observations. The apparent right ascensions of both clock and azimuth stars have been taken from the American Ephemeris. 6 •S}isui»JX o ue^ivj O rH O 00 rH o 00 OOOOOrHrHiO^CMJ^t^ CO CO-t^ 3je>] ^ijuoh 1—1 i—1 <—1 o rH o o OOOi—li-ir-H^-l»-HOO O OO pajdopy d d d d d d d dddddddddd d do •IBAia^UJ o CM Suipaoajj o o 00i—1 {^»rH CO 00Ci CO OOl^OOrHrHi—lOC^OOf—IGO^COOO^Tfll^-t^ COo YOco o UI UlUQ i—i o i—1 o 1—1 o rHo OOOr—IrHr—Ir—'i—IOO o o o XjanoH d d d d 6 d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d CO 00 CO CO « B oo CO G G 'n cJ O < G 'S s o. .2 .2 S VMo • 3 ■g U •c^ rt TS TJ TSK^« rj(JJ U 2 13 r CJUC J« E- CJ CJ z s |w t-ri^ O5rJ a ffi l-l }-l "a* t-l-l O Mji co f^oo to co" wT O O WB 60 ^3 -a • r; §O *n ±* a5 d 1 i—i 1—lO IIo—1 1—1lO to'io CO CO iiO— i TpOr^COCCCOlOlOt^CO GO O^O CM CM CM CM CM* CM CM rH rHrHrHt—Ir—^rHr-HrHOd O rH rH ++ + ++ i + i +4* i4"4- i + + + + + + + + +4- + +4- oo i^T?^i^i>oiOTf uIs ^ ^ W w'^»'Pw'w'wN ^ u- •S^isubj^ jb;S JO -ON lOCO IO lOOO ^ VO (M rf . CO CO O O CO C5 r-l CN(M (MC0t>000—'W^IOCOOO ^4 C^l CO CO rH rH rHO (MO c/o« W W CO w SU ^ W pq 'I p S .22 aT'c "S S . o - d ^ « a w "n c m o o OG w « < o e -a -c 6-S'.v s«1° s g a oo o3 ^^1— I T3 O O o ^CJ rrj P-j • COCOCM^COCO^CD^IO'J^rr\ oo r ^ ^ ^ j ! fM CMCMCMCM^CM^MCMCMCMCM CM CM CM •+ + +++ I I I I I I I _ I II II II II | | 1| 1| I | 1 | 1 CDA COCMpoqi>ppX>05 CO O p 00 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ '"J CM CMCMCMrHrHrHrHrHrH CM CM CO CM CM CM CM CM r-i rH rH + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + ^ r-JprHCOCOiOppt> VOX>CD rH rH lO CM !>. rH O CO iO 03 GO QOOirHCMCMO^io't^CDdcO; t—I O rH rH CMlodi^OO rHrHrHrHrHrHrHCM I I I I I I I I I I I I I I + + I I I I I | | w w > w w w w w ^ ^ ^ ^ > W •S1ISU12JX JO -ON Ci QOlO^lOCOOOCD-^rfl CM CM -fH ^ *0 CM 'D rH O CM 05 rH CO ^ *0 CD CD 00 O CM CO CD 00 u._ a>> rH CM CM CM CM CM CM rt O ^ VhCJ CO rH 3jb>I Ajjuoh (A O o rH rH i-H rH rH rH pa^dopy d O d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d '[CAiaui Ci O rH 00 CO CO 00 r? TJH CO GO O rH CM CM Sui p303J(J 00 G CO rH rH or CM O r? Ci 00 rH o lO io o Ul UlEQ (A o rH rH O r—1 rH tH rH rH rH rH rH CM rH rH rH rH rH rH X[in'oH d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d ^ a c rH VO 00 CM rH rH lO CO CO CM lo CM CO CM Ci co CO rH VO CM 00 CO CM T? CO rH CO O i>» Ci CO CO 00 CO oq S2S-5 TfH CO CO* d CO CO T? cm d rH id d ^ rH CO ic«e IQ o rH rH CM CM CO CO TH ^ O lO lO lO o o CO CO CO CO O CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO UrtP 0 •J3J3UX g CO CO rH O CO o O rH Tfl o O aad-ouoaq^) S^isuejjl r—i CO O lO 1 1 1 1 1—1CM CO CO iq— i CM" CM irH— iiCi— i oq *>.i— i CD_ i—ii00— IIO— IIrH 1 CM CO CO rH — rH rH CM CM CM* Ci rH rH rH rH rH rH CM CM CM > CM CM* +] + + + + + + i+ ii + i i+ i ++++++ + ++ 00 00 00 rH. CM IQ CM q pC0CMqrHt>T^T?0505 oq oqio 1 rH rHd rH X>Ir- rHO ci CO rH COCOCOT^COOOI>COCM"i-H rH t-H rH rH O OCM 1 1 1 + 4- + 4- 4- I I I +-♦- + + + 4- + 4- I I rtf? O w w ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ w w w ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ w w Sw- •S};subjx jujS jo 'ON CO CM O *0 t^COOOOO^COrHCOCOTf COCMCO. O O rH CM ^i0l0C000OOrHCMC0Tf ^ O 00 CO i\q 1 iCO— II!>- ii00 IIp 1 O rH CO *0 CO CM CM CM rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH CM* CM CM CM CM + i+ i + + + + + + + + + oscoojcqcqrHoqco rH O CM O 00 ^H lO CM CM !>. O CO rH ^^i^rHlOt^^CM d w£ CO rH d d cm lO \6 CO rjn I I I I I I++ + + + + + + ++ I I I I I I | f? W w rt o w w w w 5M W £ w •SJTSUBJX ^ISJO -ON CO CO CO CO CM lO lO^lOCO O 00iOI> O iOlOt>>OI:^ • O O SM CO Tj< CO rH CM CM CM CM VOCM CMCO CM CM00 COO rH CM CMCO^l iOCOX>OOC5 00CS _^ rH ^ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ^ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 •s;isubjx CO ZD Tj< o O o o C5 r-i o a I** JO UT23IM w rH rH rH rH r—> rH rH O o orH aO Oco r—1 r—I O O O pa^dopv d o d d d d d d d d odd d ddddd •p3AJ3}UI Suipaoajj (MOfMt^COOO rfi !>. Tji rH GO OT3H 00 O O00 rH O OO-t^O —I CO O CM(M OCO 00 05 CO iii uibq rH rH rH pH r—t O rH O O O rH r—I i—I O O rH rH O O O ^ljaoH ddddddddd d dddd d ddddd lO o 00 00 rH CM C5 CO Ci 00 rH coo oqO t>00 t>iq TfH o coo OS LO Tf< CO O CM 1^. rH 00 CM Ci lO 00 Tj? d rH CO o 00 CM* CM d o d oo i—I T—I (M CO CO CO CO T? ci o o^ ooo od j—I CM CM £c c rtojH w ^ 00 00 X 00 00 00 00 00 00 oo oooooo o oc:oo5C5 riu «c« 0 •jspiu O O O O O C5 CM CO T? O CO CM lO CO ^ o -ouoaq^) —i rri ^ co O T? T—I rH 00 rH CO CO rH J3d s^isubjx O00CMl>r-IO O rH CM CM O CM o rH 'Ti t—I CM CM jo uieaju rH CM CM •Sw-n ■»w o-c-a ffi « CO E w c3 <35 ^^ ^ 2 ffi S s (yT .co a a jc 'S '5 CO % O - JU O O T3 G5 t>» O CO rH r—| 00 CM O COOOO P pppOrH OrHCMCMCOCO CO CM CM rH rH rH rH CM CM CM CM CM CM + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CM 00 VO lO O iq iq o CM CM rH t?H CO rH O CO CM O rH CM* CO CO co co CO ^ CO CO rH* d d d d I I i I I I I M I I I II I M I + + dSu o ^ ^ p: ^ ^ ^ W W W ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ W W W ^ ^ Gw- •S;]subjx auis jo'ON cmtPcmcoi^o c: co oo i> ^ o oo o ^ co o co OrHrHrHrHrHrHr-HCMCM. O CM CO ^ t> CO O O CM toCM CMCMCMCMCOCO CO C: O rH CM uo rH O rH 00O -' a ~' G2 ^~ ~^ ~^ ~_ 11 •s;isubjx CM CO rH rH a> OrHCOiO^COCO O 00 J>- JO UE3IM . o tH rH o rH rH r—1 orH rH o r—I r—I i-H rH rH r—I rH r—i rH r—I 1/3 d d d d d d d d d d ddddddd d do pajdopy •lUAjajui O) O 00 C5 CO CS lO 00 CO rH T? CO CO a lO as o lO Suipaoajj 00 r—1 05 00 rH a o o 00 rH CM lO CM CM CO OS U! UIB0 in O o rH O O rH rH o rH rH o rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH X[jnoH d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d . rt rtc CO 00 lO CO Oi Ci CM Ci rH GO CO C5 CM o CM CO C5 CO S £ OT p p o TjHo lO CO 00 COo r—I O CO x>- CO Ci rH CO p O 00 (A CM ZD d rH rfi i>^ d CM CO -t> d rH lO d O cW CO 00 00 00 *o lO rH ^-! 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