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Low Power Energy Harvesting and Storage Techniques from Ambient Human Powered Energy Sources
University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Dissertations and Theses @ UNI Student Work 2008 Low power energy harvesting and storage techniques from ambient human powered energy sources Faruk Yildiz University of Northern Iowa Copyright ©2008 Faruk Yildiz Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd Part of the Power and Energy Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Recommended Citation Yildiz, Faruk, "Low power energy harvesting and storage techniques from ambient human powered energy sources" (2008). Dissertations and Theses @ UNI. 500. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd/500 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses @ UNI by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOW POWER ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE TECHNIQUES FROM AMBIENT HUMAN POWERED ENERGY SOURCES. A Dissertation Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Industrial Technology Approved: Dr. Mohammed Fahmy, Chair Dr. Recayi Pecen, Co-Chair Dr. Sue A Joseph, Committee Member Dr. John T. Fecik, Committee Member Dr. Andrew R Gilpin, Committee Member Dr. Ayhan Zora, Committee Member Faruk Yildiz University of Northern Iowa August 2008 UMI Number: 3321009 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Evaluation of Electric Energy Generation from Sound Energy Using Piezoelectric Actuator
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2014): 5.611 Evaluation of Electric Energy Generation from Sound Energy Using Piezoelectric Actuator Mohana Faroug Saeed Attia1, Afraa Ibraheim Mohmmed Abdalateef2 1Department of Physics, University of Dongola, Sudan 2Collaborator Instructor University of Khartoum, Sudan Abstract: This paper presents the work done on the conversion techniques and methodologies of converting sound energy to its electrical counterpart, and focuses on the future of this type of energy sources than wind energy, solar energy, and biogas. Also, it includes the increase in energy consumption due to ever growing number of electronic devices, and the harvesting energy from humans and using of piezoelectricity. In the experimental work, a piezoelectric generator lead zirconate titante (PZT actuator) is used to extract sound energy from the loudspeaker from various distances and then to convert this energy into electrical energy. The maximum voltage generated by the piezoelectric generator occurs when its resonant frequency is operating near the frequency of sound. The result shows that the maximum output voltage of 28.8 mVrms was obtained with the sound intensity of 80.5 dB resonant frequency of 65 Hz at 1 cm distance in the first mode. In the second mode, the maximum output voltage of 94 m Vrms was obtained with the sound intensity of 105.7 dB at resonant frequency of 378 Hz at 1 cm which is larger than that of the first mode. However, for both modes, voltage decreases as distance increases. Keywords: piezoelectric effect, sound energy, piezoelectric material, resonant frequency, PZT actuator, electricity 1. -
Energy Efficiency As a Low-Cost Resource for Achieving Carbon Emissions Reductions
Energy Effi ciency as a Low-Cost Resource for Achieving Carbon Emissions Reductions A RESOURCE OF THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY SEPTEMBER 2009 About This Document This paper, Energy Effi ciency as a Low-Cost Resource for Achieving Carbon Emissions Reductions, is provided to assist utility regulators, gas and electric utilities, and others in meeting the National Action Plan for Energy Effi ciency’s goal of achieving all cost-effective energy effi ciency by 2025. This paper summarizes the scale and economic value of energy effi - ciency for reducing carbon emissions and discusses the barriers to achieving the potential for cost-effective energy effi ciency. It also reviews current regional, state, and local approaches for including energy effi ciency in climate policy, using these approaches to inform a set of recommendations for leveraging energy effi ciency within state climate policy. The paper does not capture federal climate policy options or recommendations, discussion of tradable energy effi ciency credits, or emissions impacts of specifi c energy effi ciency measures or programs. The intended audience for the paper is any stakeholder interested in learning more about how to advance energy effi ciency as a low-cost resource to reduce carbon emissions. All stakeholders, including state policy-makers, public utility commissions, city councils, and utilities, can use this paper to understand the key issues and terminology, as well as the approaches that are being used to reduce carbon emissions by advancing energy effi ciency policies and programs. Energy Efficiency as a Low-Cost Resource for Achieving Carbon Emissions Reductions A RESOURCE OF THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY SEPTEMBER 2009 The Leadership Group of the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency is committed to taking action to increase investment in cost-effective energy efficiency. -
2018 Energy Efficiency Cost-Effectiveness Ratios
2018 Annual Report of Energy Conservation Accomplishments April 1, 2019 PSE obtained permission to use all photos and likenesses within this Report. Energy Efficiency Doc# EES0012019 Report Contents Table of Contents I. Executive Summary ................................................................................................. 1 Puget Sound Energy’s Annual Report of 2018 Conservation Accomplishments ................ 1 II. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 13 Key Portfolio Results .......................................................................................................... 13 Conservation Savings ........................................................................................................ 14 Expenditures ...................................................................................................................... 19 2018-2018 Biennial Target Progress ................................................................................. 21 Five–Year Trends ............................................................................................................... 22 Cost-Effectiveness Ratios .................................................................................................. 24 Direct Benefit to Customer as a Percent of Energy Efficiency Expenditures .................... 25 Energy Efficiency’s Customer Focus ................................................................................. 27 Measures -
The 7 Forms of Energy Directions: Read and Highlight the Following Information
The 7 Forms of Energy Directions: Read and highlight the following information. Electricity So now we have the total transformation for coal‐generated electricity. Working backwards from the generator through the turbine into the steam stopping at burning coal, we have 4 different energies that are used along the electricity generating process. Chemical Energy In Ohio, eletricity begins with burning coal. Burning coal releases chemical energy. Chemical energy is the energy given off during a chemical change. During chemical changes atoms rearrange creating new molecules and compounds. When they rearrange, they give off energy. Even just burning something as we do with coal is enough to cause the atoms to rearrange and release chemical energy. When a chemical change occurs, there are a variety of signs that help identify when the change is occurring. Indicators such as gas formation, light generation, heat creation, formation of a precipitate, permanent color change, and odor are all signs that a chemical change has occurred. When one of the signs is present during a change, chemical energy is released. The reason we use coal, oil, and natural gas is because when burned, the chemical energy released gives off lots of thermal energy (and some other energy as well). Thermal Energy When coal is burned, a chemical change occurs. We know this because coal gives off lots of thermal energy (heat). It also displays all of the signs of a chemical change (gas, light, heat, precipitate, color, and odor). In order to capture the thermal energy in a more useable form, power plants heat water. -
Power Generation Using Noise Pollution
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 POWER GENERATION USING NOISE POLLUTION Dhananjay Shendre1, Ishwar Mohan2, Snehal Shingade3, Krutika Thakare4 1-4Student, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, JSPM’s Jaywantrao Sawant College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – Electricity is one of the most important blessing reach to the speakers and then converted back to sound. The that science has given to the mankind. It has also become a electrical current generated by a micro-phone is very small part of modern life and one cannot think of a world without it. and referred to as MIC-level; this signal is typically measured The use of electricity is increasing day by day while the in mill volts. Before it can be used for any-thing serious the resources needs for production are limited and reducing signal needs to be amplified, usually to line level (typically drastically. It became necessary to find an alternate sources 0.5 -2V). Application of sound energy as the source of for production of electricity. electricity can be much beneficial for the human existence as compared to other sources. This is because the sound is In this project we are trying to research and implement one present in the environment as a noise which forms an the solution that is noise pollution. Noise is defined as essential part of the environmental pollution. unwanted sound but sound consists of vibrations and pressure. Vibrations refers the oscillating movement. Sound energy is a mechanical energy which travel in the form of wave, mechanical wave that is an oscillation of Our methodology is based on the oscillations created by the pressure which need medium to travel i.e. -
2017 Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tables and Figures
2017 Greenhouse Inventory June 2018 Prepared by: Puget Sound Energy Prepared by: Puget Sound Energy 2017 Greenhouse Inventory TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 3 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 4 1.1 Purpose ........................................................................................... 4 1.2 Inventory Organization .................................................................... 4 2.0 BACKGROUND .............................................................................. 5 2.1 Regulatory Actions .......................................................................... 5 2.2 Inventory and GHG Reporting Compliance ..................................... 6 3.0 MAJOR ACCOUNTING ISSUES .................................................... 7 4.0 BOUNDARIES AND SOURCES ..................................................... 8 4.1 Organizational Boundaries .............................................................. 8 4.1.1 Electrical Operations .............................................................................................. 8 4.1.2 Natural Gas Operations ......................................................................................... 8 4.2 Operational Boundaries .................................................................. 9 4.2.1 Scope I (Direct Emissions) .................................................................................... -
EIS-0426-DEIS Vol2-2011.Pdf
AVAILABILITY OF THE DRAFT SITE-WIDE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE CONTINUED OPERATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY/ NATIONAL NUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATION NEVADA NATIONAL SECURITY SITE AND OFF-SITE LOCATIONS IN THE STATE OF NEVADA (NNSS SWEIS) For further information on this draft SWEIS, or to request a copy of the SWEIS or references, please contact: Linda M. Cohn, SWEIS Document Manager NNSA Nevada Site Office U.S. Department of Energy P. O. Box 98518 Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-8518 Telephone: 702-295-0077 Fax: 702-295-5300 E-mail: [email protected] Printed with soy ink on recycled paper COVER SHEET Responsible Agency: U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration Cooperating Agencies: U.S. Air Force U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management Nye County, NV Title: Draft Site-Wide Environmental Impact Statement for the Continued Operation of the Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada National Security Site and Off-Site Locations in the State of Nevada (DOE/EIS-0426D) Location: Nye and Clark Counties, Nevada For additional information or for copies of this draft For general information on the DOE National site-wide environmental impact statement (SWEIS), Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process, contact: contact: Linda M. Cohn, SWEIS Document Manager Carol M. Borgstrom, Director NNSA Nevada Site Office Office of NEPA Policy and Compliance U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Energy P. O. Box 98518 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-8518 Washington, -
Intensity of Sound
01/02 Intensity - 1 INTENSITY OF SOUND The objectives of this experiment are: • To understand the concept of sound intensity and how it is measured. • To learn how to operate a Sound Level Meter APPARATUS: Radio Shack Sound Level Meter, meterstick, function generator, headphones. INTRODUCTION Sound energy is conveyed to our ears (or instruments) by means of a wave motion through some medium (gas, liquid, or solid). At any given point in the medium the energy content of the wave disturbance varies as the square of the amplitude of the wave motion. That is, if the amplitude of the oscillation is doubled the energy of the wave motion is quadrupled. The common method in gauging this energy transport is to measure the rate at which energy is passing a certain point. This concept involves sound intensity. Consider an area that is normal to the direction of the sound waves. If the area is a unit, namely one square meter, the quantity of sound energy expressed in Joules that passes through the unit area in one second defines the sound intensity. Recall the time rate of energy transfer is called "power". Thus, sound intensity is the power per square meter. The common unit of power is the watt ( 1w = 1 Joules/s). Normally, sound intensity is measured as a relative ratio to some standard intensity, Io. The response of the human ear to sound waves follows closely to a logarithmic function of the form R = k log I , where R is the response to a sound that has an intensity of I, and k is a constant of proportionality . -
S1 Topic 10 Energy
S1 Topic 10 Energy Introduction The ELA materials designed for the theme Energy consist of three parts: Part I Forms of Energy (40 minutes) Part II Energy Change (80 minutes) Part III Electricity Generation (80 minutes). Part I Forms of Energy covers basic concepts concerned with energy and the characteristics of different forms of energy. In the lesson in which this ELA is used, students are expected to learn the different forms of energy. Part II Energy Changes focuses on energy conversion. In developing understanding of energy conversion, students also learn two sentence patterns commonly used to describe energy change: “When…, …is converted/changed into…” and “When…, …is converted/changed into…” Part III Electricity Generation demonstrates to students how electricity is generated in a power station; and the impact of power generation on global warming. This ELA requires students to learn through reading a piece of text, with the aid of video clips. The classroom activities developed for this teaching package integrate the use of different English skills in a science learning context. Lesson plans for the three Parts are provided, together with teacher’s notes. Acknowledgement This set of materials was produced jointly by the teachers of King Ling College and the ELA research team. S1 Topic 10: Energy 1 ELA Lesson Plan – PART I Forms of Energy Description: This ELA material ‘Forms of Energy’ covers Section 4.1, Unit 4 of the CDC Science syllabus. It aims to introduce English terms for different forms of energy, which have been introduced in previous lessons using Chinese as the medium of instruction. -
Puget Sound Energy Service Area
Puget Sound Energy service area PSE: Washington's oldest local energy utility CANADA Electric service: WHATCOM All of Kitsap, Skagit, Thurston, and BELLINGHAM Whatcom counties; parts of Island, King (not Seattle), Kittitas, and Pierce (not SAN JUAN Tacoma) counties. ANACORTES MOUNT VERNON Natural gas service: SKAGIT OAK HARBOR Parts of King (not Enumclaw), Kittitas ISLAND (not Ellensburg), Lewis, Pierce, PORT SNOHOMISH Snohomish, and Thurston counties. PORT ANGELES TOWNSEND MARYSVILLE LANGLEY EVERETT CLALLAM INDEX CHELAN Washington state’s oldest local energy EDMONDS MONROE company, Puget Sound Energy serves JEFFERSON DUVALL approximately 1.1 million electric REDMOND BAINBRIDGE customers and more than 790,000 ISLAND BELLEVUE SEATTLE BREMERTON natural gas customers in 10 counties. A RENTON KING WENATCHEE KITSAP NORTH BEND subsidiary of Puget Energy, PSE meets KENT GIG HARBOR the energy needs of its customers, in AUBURN BLACK DIAMOND GRAYS part, through incremental, cost-effective MASON TACOMA ENUMCLAW CLE ELUM HARBOR SHELTON energy efficiency, procurement of PUYALLUP KITTITAS sustainable energy resources, and far- OLYMPIA sighted investment in the energy-deliveryABERDEEN ELLENSBURG HOQUIAM PIERCE KITTITAS infrastructure. PSE employees are THURSTON dedicated to providing great customer service and delivering energy that is CENTRALIA safe, dependable and efficient. CHEHALIS YAKIMA PACIFIC For more information, visit pse.com. LEWIS YAKIMA WAHKIAKUM CombinedCOWLITZ electric and natural gas service LONGVIEW Electric service Natural gas service pse.com 1213 08/15. -
Types of Energy
Nuclear Fission • The neutrons emitted by nuclear fission could end up hitting other nuclei, thus causing a chain reaction • There is a minimum mass that is needed in order to sustain a nuclear chain reaction • This is called critical mass Nuclear Fusion • Fuse means join together • Nuclear fusion is the joining of two smaller nuclei together to make a larger nucleus • More likely to occur with smaller-sized nuclei • Significant in the development of hydrogen bombs Robert Oppenheimer • Worked on the Manhattan Project • This project led to development of first atomic bomb • These were first nuclear weapons developed during WWII • Did not win Noble Peace Prize TYPES OF ENERGY Mechanical, Electromagnetic, Electrical, Chemical, Sound, & Thermal What is Mechanical Energy? o Energy due to a object’s motion (kinetic) or position (potential). The bowling ball has mechanical energy. When the ball strikes the pins, mechanical energy is transferred to the pins! Examples of Mechanical Energy What is Electromagnetic Energy? o Light energy o Includes energy from gamma rays, xrays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwave and radio bands What is Electrical Energy? o Energy caused by the movement of electrons o Easily transported through power lines and converted into other forms of energy What is Chemical Energy? o Energy that is available for release from chemical reactions. The chemical bonds in a matchstick store energy that is transformed into thermal energy when the match is struck. Examples of Chemical Energy What is Sound Energy? • Sound energy is the energy produced by sound vibrations as they travel through a specific medium.