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Resource Development and Its Implications in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine Proceedings of the 8th BoFEP Bay of Fundy Science Workshop, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia 26–29th May 2009 Editors A. M. Redden, J. A. Percy, P. G. Wells and S. J. Rolston BoFEP Technical Report No. 4 September 2009 Acknowledgements This publication should be cited as: A. M. Redden, J. A. Percy, P. G.Wells, and S. J. Rolston (Eds). 2009. Resource Development and its Implications in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine. Proceedings of the 8th BoFEP Bay of Fundy Sci- ence Workshop, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, 26–29th May 2009. Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership Technical Report No. 4. Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership, Wolfville, NS. 392 p. For further information and copies on CD-ROM, contact: Secretariat, Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership Acadia Centre for Estuarine Research Box 115 Acadia University Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 © Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership, 2009 ISBN 978-0-9783120-1-5 ii Acknowledgements Tribute to George C. Baker The Proceedings are dedicated to George C. Baker of Kentville, Nova Scotia, to record our respect and appreciation for his contributions to the understanding of the environmental implications of tidal power generation from the Bay of Fundy. Born in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia in 1918, George Baker graduated with a diploma from the Royal Military Col- lege in 1936 and served with the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals. He resigned his commission in 1946 and proceeded to the University of Toronto where he obtained a degree in applied science. Mr. Baker’s fi rst post-war job, from 1946 to 1947, was with the Canadian General Electric Company. In 1948, he joined the Kentville (Nova Scotia) Publishing Company, becoming president and serving until 1981. From 1960 until 1981, he was an engineer with the Kentville Electric Commission and, also in 1960, began an even longer association with the Hiltz & Seamone Company Ltd. as an electrical consultant. Between 1968 and 1974, he served as a member and vice-chairman of the Nova Scotia Medical Care Insurance Commission. He was a director of the Tidal Power Corporation from 1971 to 1989 and executive vice-president from 1976. In 1989, Mr. Baker was elected to the Canadian Academy of Engineering, the same year that he was elected a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada. He was also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers of Nova Scotia, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, and the Canadian Society for Electrical Engineering (now IEEE Canada). He has received honorary doctoral degrees from the Royal Military College, the Technical University of Nova Scotia, and Acadia University. He was awarded a Centennial Gold Medal by IEEE, and became a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE). It was at George Baker’s recommendation that we convened the fi rst broad examination of the environ- mental implications of Fundy tidal power at Acadia University in 1976. That led to the creation of the Fundy Environmental Studies Committee (1977–1984), which oversaw the fi rst multidisciplinary, multi-institutional study of the whole Bay of Fundy, and substantially increased our knowledge of that rich and diverse ecosystem. Throughout, even though he was optimistic that tidal power could be safely developed in the Bay, George Baker was a strong advocate for objective, science-based investigations of the tidal power issue, including use of the pilot plant at Annapolis Royal to examine issues of fi sh passage. It is no exaggeration to say that without his leadership and support, the Bay of Fundy science community would know much less about the Bay, and would be far less prepared to address the contemporary challenges of tidal power development. At its banquet on Thursday, 28th May 2009, George Baker was presented with a BoFEP Special Community Service Award in recognition of his “inspired leadership” on the tidal power issue. Photo courtesy of the Kentville Advertiser and the Acadia University Archives iii Acknowledgements iv Acknowledgements Contents Preface xv Acknowledgements xvi Workshop Organizers xvii Partners and Sponsors xviii Awards Presented at the Workshop xix About the Key Sponsors of BoFEP xxi The Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership Acadia Centre for Estuarine Research Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment Environment Canada KEYNOTE ADDRESSES The Seabed of Minas Passage and Its Relationship to Tidal Power Development G. B. J. Fader 3 Using Multi-Species Electronic Tagging and Tracking Technology to Better Understand Animal Behaviour and Ocean Physics M. Stokesbury, P. Smith, T. Dick, and F. Whoriskey 4 Parks Canada’s National Marine Conservation Area Program: An Overview R. H. Thompson 5 Tourism and the Bay of Fundy T. McCulloch 6 PAPER PRESENTATIONS Session A. Tidal Power Introduction to Session A: Tidal Power G. R. Daborn 9 Insight into the Glacial History of the Bay of Fundy Revealed through Sea Floor Mapping using Multibeam Sonar B. J. Todd, J. Shaw, D. R. Parrott, and V. E. Kostylev 12 Multibeam Bathymetry and LiDAR Surveys of the Bay of Fundy, Canada – Progress to November 2008 D. R. Parrott, B. J. Todd, J. Shaw, V. E. Kostylev, J. E. Hughes Clarke, J. Griffi n, M. Lamplugh, and T. Webster 13 v Contents Integrating Multibeam Bathymetry and LiDAR Surveys of the Bay of Fundy, using Isle Haute as an Example T. Webster, D. R. Parrott, D. Colville, and N. Crowell 14 A Review of a Recent Assessment of Tidal Current Energy in the Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy R. H. Karsten, J. M. McMillan, M. J. Lickley, and R. D. Haynes 15 Currents in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia, Canada S. Melrose, J. Bobbitt, and W. Peng 23 Catastrophic Expansion of Tidal Range in the Bay of Fundy J. Shaw, C. L. Amos, D. A. Greenberg, C. T. O’Reilly, D. R. Parrott, B. J. Todd, V. E. Kostylev, and E. Patton 43 Hard Bottom Sublittoral Benthic Communities in Areas Proposed for In-stream Tidal Power Development, Northern Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy P. L. Stewart 44 Distribution and Morphology of Horse Mussel Beds in the Bay of Fundy identifi ed using Multibeam Sonar V. E. Kostylev, C. Dickson, D. R. Parrott, and B. J. Todd 58 The Atlantic Mud Piddock (Barnea truncata : Family Pholadidae) a Relic Warm-water Species in the Minas Basin A. Hebda 59 The Unknown Sediment Budget of Minas Basin (Nova Scotia, Canada): Implications for Changing Environmental Conditions as a Result of Tidal Power Extraction E. C. Kosters 60 The Characterization and Tracking of Sediment-Laden Ice in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia K. Smith, J. Woods, A. Long, W. B. MacDonald, G. Fader, R. Bishop, and S. Melrose 63 FERN (Fundy Energy Research Network): Facilitating Cooperation in Fundy Tidal Power Research G. R. Daborn and A. M. Redden 75 B. Salt Marsh Research And Restoration Comparison of Vertical and Temporal Variations in Hydrodynamics on Macro-Tidal Salt Marsh and Mudfl at Surfaces in the Bay of Fundy C. O’Laughlin and D. van Proosdij 85 The Infl uence of Vegetation on Sedimentary Processes in a Macro-tidal Salt Marsh A. Silver and D. van Proosdij 94 vi Contents Macro-Tidal Salt Marsh Ecosystem Response to Culvert Expansion T. M. Bowron, N. C. Neatt, D. van Proosdij, J. Lundholm, and J. Graham 103 A Tale of Two Macro Tidal Estuaries: Differential Morphodynamic Response of the Intertidal Zone to Causeway Construction D. van Proosdij, T. Milligan, G. Bugden, and K. Butler 104 Sea-Level Rise and Salt Marsh Restoration in the Bay of Fundy, Canada J. Ollerhead and R. Smith 105 Restoration of Ecosystem Services in Salt Marshes G. L. Chmura, D. M. Burdick and G. E. Moore 106 C. Indicators And Decision Support Tools Coastal Ecosystem Health and Integrity - Selecting a Core Set of Indicators for Long-term Monitoring and Reporting P. G. Wells 109 Ecosystem Indicators and Tools in the Gulf of Maine C. M. Tilburg, S. Russell-Robinson, and K. Parlee 110 Understanding Ecosystem Changes in the Gulf of Maine Marine Environment Through Climate Change Indicators K. McKenzie, C. M. Tilburg, and L. Vescovi 112 Bay of Fundy Near-shore Biodiversity: Now Part of the ‘Big Picture’ G. Pohle and L. Van Guelpen 118 Habitat Mapping for Species at Risk in the Bay of Fundy M. D. K. Baldwin, J. Grant, J. A. Manriquez, A. Dorey, and J. Crocker 119 Bay of Fundy Species-at-Risk Mapping Tool: A Compilation of Aquatic Species-at-Risk Distribution Data for the Purpose of Predicting Suitable Habitat J. Crocker 120 D. Coastal Zone Information Management The Atlantic Coastal Zone Information Steering Committee’s Role as a Catalyst and Incubator M. J. A. Butler and C. LeBlanc 123 COINAtlantic: An Initiative of the ACZISC to Facilitate and Promote the Application of Available On-Line Information to Coastalshed Management P. R. Boudreau, M. J. A. Butler, and C. LeBlanc 128 vii Contents WWF-Canada’s Information Products in the Scotian Shelf and Gulf of Maine G. Bondt and J. Smith 131 Enhancing the Use and Infl uence of Bay of Fundy Information: Results and Insights from Recent Studies of the BoFEP Fundy Informatics Working Group P. G. Wells, B. H. Macdonald, E. G. Toms, J. A. Percy, R. E. Cordes, G. R. G. Hutton, D. M. Cossarini, P. R. Hinch, and S. J. Rolston 132 Nova Scotia’s Sustainable Coastal Development Strategy: What, When, How, and What’s Next? J. A. Graham 140 Coastal CURA – Community Involvement in Coastal Management M. S. Landry 141 Calling for Integrated Management of Saint John Harbour M. Wiber and M. Recchia 152 Reviewing Climate Change Impacts on Coastal Habitats, Marine Invasive Species, and Water Quality in the Gulf of Maine S.

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