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Qikiqtani Region Geology To the west and the far north, the region is made up of thick The Qikiqtani region, which consists mainly of the islands in Paleozoic sedimentary rock, originally deposited on the the Canadian Arctic archipelago of Nunavut, includes some ancient seabed and continental margin. The layered rock of the oldest rocks in Canada. These are granitic, volcanic, units occasionally contain coal seams and preserve many sedimentary and metamorphic rocks that formed during types of fossils, from marine shells and fish to terrestrial the Precambrian Eon, the time from when the Earth was mammals and trees. Rocks that make up the Arctic platform formed (about 4.5 billion years ago) until the beginning of the have been gently folded and tilted. They are exposed on many Cambrian period (540 million years ago). The metamorphic of the Arctic islands and rise up to form the rugged mountains rocks in the region are highly deformed, faulted, and deeply of Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands. The widening of the eroded. These rocks are mainly exposed on Baffin Island and ocean basin between Greenland and Nunavut is in part the Melville Peninsula, and form the bedrock of eastern Devon responsible for this mountain building and is one of the most Island and parts of Ellesmere Island. Spectacular folds, large recent tectonic events to affect Nunavut. enough to be seen from space, outline the present day shape of the Belcher Islands. The rocks of the Qikiqtani region host The Qikiqtani region hosts all of Nunavut’s glaciers and ice many kinds of metal deposits, including iron, gold, nickel, caps. Long ago, glaciers covered the entire territory and copper, lead or platinum. Some diamond occurrences also created the steep-walled fiords located on east Baffin Island exist. Clues about the location of these various deposits can and Ellesmere Island. Minerals left behind by the glaciers’ be found using ground and airborne geophysical surveys, erosion of the landscape help prospectors and geologists by prospecting for minerals found in association with quartz locate possible metal or diamond deposits. veins, or by looking for rusty weathered sulphide-rich rocks.

Number Project Operator Status Base Metals 700 Storm Aston Bay Holdings Active 701 West Melville Vale Canada Limited Active 727 Anik Advanced Explorations Inc. Inactive 728 Nanisivik Mine Canzinco Ltd. Inactive (Breakwater Resources Ltd.) 729 Polaris Mine Teck Resources Limited Inactive COAL 730, 731 nunavut Coal (Fosheim Peninsula – 730, canada Coal Inc. Active Vesle Fiord – 731) DIAMONDS 760 Chidliak Peregrine Diamonds Ltd. Active 761 Mel North Arrow Minerals Inc. Active 788 Aviat Stornoway Diamond Corporation inactive 789 Qilaq Peregrine Diamonds Ltd. Inactive GOLD 848, 849 Baffin Island Gold (Bravo Lake – 848, commander Resources Ltd. Inactive Qimmiq – 849) IRON 850 Fraser Bay West Melville Metals Inc. Active 851 Haig Inlet Canadian Orebodies Inc. Active 852 Mary River Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation active 853, 854 roche Bay, Tuktu Advanced Explorations Inc. Active

Please refer to the map on the cover for the location of active and inactive projects in the Qikiqtani region. Bold text signifies a major project. Qikiqtani Region

Selected Mining and Exploration Highlights The Mary River iron project is located south of Pond Inlet and In 2013, Aston Bay Holdings was active on the Storm copper operated by Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation. The project project, a joint venture with Commander Resources Ltd. that consists of five high-grade iron ore deposits and several is located on the northwest coast of Somerset Island. The additional prospects. In January 2013, Baffinland announced 64,301 hectare (ha) property contains four copper showings, that the Mary River project would be scaled back and the hosted in carbonate rocks. Aston Bay’s field program company would move to a phased approach to developing the included soil sampling, resampling of historical drill core, and project. The changes to the project were presented to NIRB identification of targets for a future drill program on the Storm in January 2014, and while they are under consideration, Copper prospect. The company also collected a 200 kg mini- construction at the mine site continues. bulk sample from the Seal Zinc prospect, but has not released any results from the sample to date. During the 2013 field season an extensive geology and geophysical exploration program took place, including Vale Canada Limited’s exploration program on the West prospecting, surface sampling, portable XRF traverses, and Melville project, located on the Melville Peninsula, included ground geophysical surveys. Work done on the Eqe Bay drilling and ground geophysical surveys. Five drill holes were claims included evaluation of the claims for base and precious completed on two ultramafic targets for a total of 1,308 m of metal potential. core. A 21 line-kilometre electromagnetic ground geophysical survey was also conducted. No results from the 2013 field The Qikiqtani Inuit Association and Baffinland signed an program have been released to date. Inuit Impact Benefit Agreement for the Mary River project in September 2013, which covers education and training, The Chidliak diamond project is owned by Peregrine Inuit employment, community support, and a commercial Diamonds. The company collected a 508 wet tonne bulk production lease. The formal agreement was published by the sample of kimberlite material from the CH-6 kimberlite QIA in late December 2013. between February and April 2013. Under the terms of an agreement signed September 2012, De Beers Canada Inc. Programs and Studies conducted a $2 million summer field program at Chidliak Carving Stone Deposit Evaluation which included ground geophysical surveys, geologic The Nunavut Carving Stone Deposit Evaluation Program is mapping, and ground-penetrating radar surveys. Six new a territory-wide collaborative project, led by the Government kimberlites were discovered during this program. of Nunavut, Department of Economic Development & Transportation, to locate and evaluate carving stone deposits In October 2013, De Beers notified Peregrine that it would and assess their artisanal suitability and potential to supply not exercise its right to enter into a joint venture on the nearby communities. The program is now in its final year. project, but under the terms of their agreement would In 2013, fieldwork in the Qikiqtani was mostly focused continue to fund the bulk sample processing. Final results in and around the Korok Inlet quarry near Cape Dorset, from the processing were announced in January 2014. The with additional work taking place on Sanikiluaq. In total, sample produced a total of 1,124 carats of commercial- 30 carving stone deposits have been identified in the sized diamonds, with a total grade for CH-6 of 2.78 carats Qikiqtani region, including two large, previously undeveloped per tonne. The parcel includes a portion of yellow diamonds. deposits – one near the Mary River iron project and one Eleven of the diamonds recovered were larger than three south of Pangnirtung. carats, with 27 greater than two carats and 90 more than one carat in size. The largest diamond is an 8.87 carat white/ Nunavut Prospectors’ Program & Prospector Training colourless octahedron with minor inclusions. Results from an The Government of Nunavut’s Department of Economic independent valuation of the diamond parcel are expected to Development and Transportation offered a six-day prospecting be announced in spring of 2014. course in Clyde River, Iqaluit, Kimmirut, Igloolik, and Pond Inlet in 2013. Course participants were introduced to basic North Arrow Minerals Inc. ran a short program on the rock identification and prospecting skills. Graduates of the Mel diamond project, south of Hall Beach, to follow up course can apply for financial and technical assistance on two trains of kimberlite indicator minerals that had through the Nunavut Prospectors’ Program to pursue their Please refer to the map on the cover for the location of active and inactive projects in the Qikiqtani region. Bold text signifies a major project. been discovered by previous operators in the area. The own projects, and often find work as field assistants on program consisted of an airborne magnetic survey of the mineral exploration projects. In 2014, this course will be property. Data collected during the geophysical survey offered in Hall Beach and Sanikiluaq. will be used to plan a sampling and mapping program for the summer of 2014. Qikiqtani Region

Geoscience Studies Geologists study the drill core or rock chip material after it is The CNGO conducted its second field season of the extracted,in order to map rock types below the surface and Hall Peninsula Integrated Geoscience Project. Work to understand geological structures with the goal of finding in 2013 included bedrock geological mapping, glacial mineral deposits or oil and gas reserves. feature mapping, microdiamond studies, and sampling for geochronology, the study of the age of rocks. Highlights Geophysical Survey – The collection of information associated from the program include the discovery of a kimberlite with bedrock using sensors employed from the air or the dyke, identifying new carving stone occurrences and ground. These sensors record electric, gravity, magnetic, identifying layered mafic igneous intrusions with potential seismic, or thermal data. This type of study is used by mineral for nickel-copper-platinum group element mineralization. exploration companies to detect physical properties of rocks The project will continue in 2014. such as magnetism, gravity or conductivity.

Glossary of Terminology Inclusion – Fragments of minerals that are trapped inside Deposit – A natural concentration of a metal, gemstone other minerals during crystal growth. The presence of or other mineral substance, which may be economically inclusions in a gemstone can affect its value. extracted but whose traits need a more detailed study to be classified as a resource. Also commonly referred to Kimberlite – A type of igneous rock that sometimes contains as a mineral deposit. diamonds. Kimberlites can be composed of intrusive and extrusive rock. Exploration – The range of activities used to search for deposits of useful, economically valuable minerals or oil Prospecting – The search for outcrops or surface exposures and gas. of mineral occurrences with economic potential. Prospecting takes place by walking on the land and observing it for Drilling – The operation of making holes with a drill to evidence of mineral occurrences. Once an occurrence is sample bedrock or other surface material such as glacial found, further work is necessary to determine if a deposit is till or clay. Diamond drilling produces a cylindrical core of present at the location. rock, while reverse circulation drilling produces rock chips.

Canada-Nunavut Government of Nunavut Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada Nunavut Tunngavik Geoscience Office Incorporated Department of Economic Development Nunavut Regional Office 867 975 4412 and Transportation Minerals and Resource Management Division Lands, Minerals, Oil and Gas 867 979 0708 Petroleum Resources Division 867 975 4500 867 983 5600 [email protected] 867 975 7800 867 975 4276 867 983 5624 867 975 7870 www.cngo.ca [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.ntilands.tunngavik.com www.edt.gov.nu.ca www.aandc-aadnc.gc.ca/nu

Check Out The Nunavut Exploration Overview on-line: www.NunavutGeoscience.ca The most authoritative stop for Nunavut geoscience information.