The March 1916 Cascade
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Great Britain. Foreign Office. Wellington House Publications
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c86m3dcm No online items Inventory of the Great Britain. Foreign Office. Wellington House publications Finding aid prepared by Trevor Wood Hoover Institution Library and Archives © 2008, 2014 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6003 [email protected] URL: http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives Inventory of the Great Britain. XX230 1 Foreign Office. Wellington House publications Title: Great Britain. Foreign Office. Wellington House publications Date (inclusive): 1914-1918 Collection Number: XX230 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 13 manuscript boxes, 5 card file boxes, 1 cubic foot box(6.2 Linear Feet) Abstract: Books, pamphlets, and miscellany, relating to World War I and British participation in it. Card file drawers at the Hoover Institution Library & Archives describe this collection. Hoover Institution Library & Archives Access The collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Great Britain. Foreign Office. Wellington House publications, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Historical Note Propaganda section of the British Foreign Office. Scope and Content of Collection Books, pamphlets, and miscellany, relating to World War I and British participation in it. Subjects and Indexing Terms World War, 1914-1918 -- Propaganda Propaganda, British World War, 1914-1918 -- Great Britain box 1 "The Achievements of the Zeppelins." By a Swede. -
THE WRITINGS of BRITISH CONSCRIPT SOLDIERS, 1916-1918 Ilana Ruth Bet-El Submitted for the Degree of Ph
EXPERIENCE INTO IDENTITY: THE WRITINGS OF BRITISH CONSCRIPT SOLDIERS, 1916-1918 Ilana Ruth Bet-El Submitted for the degree of PhD University College London AB STRACT Between January 1916 and March 1919 2,504,183 men were conscripted into the British army -- representing as such over half the wartime enlistments. Yet to date, the conscripts and their contribution to the Great War have not been acknowledged or studied. This is mainly due to the image of the war in England, which is focused upon the heroic plight of the volunteer soldiers on the Western Front. Historiography, literary studies and popular culture all evoke this image, which is based largely upon the volumes of poems and memoirs written by young volunteer officers, of middle and upper class background, such as Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon. But the British wartime army was not a society of poets and authors who knew how to distil experience into words; nor, as mentioned, were all the soldiers volunteers. This dissertation therefore attempts to explore the cultural identity of this unknown population through a collection of diaries, letters and unpublished accounts of some conscripts; and to do so with the aid of a novel methodological approach. In Part I the concept of this research is explained, as a qualitative examination of all the chosen writings, with emphasis upon eliciting the attitudes of the writers to the factual events they recount. Each text -- e.g. letter or diary -- was read literally, and also in light of the entire collection, thus allowing for the emergence of personal and collective narratives concurrently. -
A Most Thankless Job: Augustine Birrell As Irish
A MOST THANKLESS JOB: AUGUSTINE BIRRELL AS IRISH CHIEF SECRETARY, 1907-1916 A Dissertation by KEVIN JOSEPH MCGLONE Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, R. J. Q. Adams Committee Members, David Hudson Adam Seipp Brian Rouleau Peter Hugill Head of Department, David Vaught December 2016 Major Subject: History Copyright 2016 Kevin McGlone ABSTRACT Augustine Birrell was a man who held dear the classical liberal principles of representative democracy, political freedom and civil liberties. During his time as Irish Chief Secretary from 1907-1916, he fostered a friendly working relationship with the leaders of the Irish Party, whom he believed would be the men to lead the country once it was conferred with the responsibility of self-government. Hundreds of years of religious and political strife between Ireland’s Nationalist and Unionist communities meant that Birrell, like his predecessors, took administrative charge of a deeply polarized country. His friendship with Irish Party leader John Redmond quickly alienated him from the Irish Unionist community, which was adamantly opposed to a Dublin parliament under Nationalist control. Augustine Birrell’s legacy has been both tarnished and neglected because of the watershed Easter Rising of 1916, which shifted the focus of the historiography of the period towards militant nationalism at the expense of constitutional politics. Although Birrell’s flaws as Irish Chief Secretary have been well-documented, this paper helps to rehabilitate his image by underscoring the importance of his economic, social and political reforms for a country he grew to love. -
The Utah National Guard's Role in the Punitive Expedition, 1916-1917
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Plan B and other Reports Graduate Studies 5-2012 Reinforcements on the Border: The Utah National Guard's Role in the Punitive Expedition, 1916-1917 Thomas Reese Dubach Jr. Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Dubach, Thomas Reese Jr., "Reinforcements on the Border: The Utah National Guard's Role in the Punitive Expedition, 1916-1917" (2012). All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 137. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports/137 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Plan B and other Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REINFORCEMENTS ON THE BORDER: THE UTAH NATIONAL GUARD’S ROLE IN THE PUNITIVE EXPEDITION, 1916-1917. by Thomas Reese Dubach Jr. A paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: ____________________ ____________________ Lawrence Culver Chris Conte Major Professor Committee Member ____________________ Colleen O’Neill Committee Member UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2011 1 In June 2006, in a plan to mitigate illicit border crossings, President George W. Bush called the National Guard to the border to build a fence. Almost ninety years to the day earlier, President Woodrow Wilson mobilized the National Guard to the border to protect it from raiders and smugglers who were part of the Mexican Revolution. Most Utahns are aware that the Utah National Guard spent time on the border to construct the fence. -
Processes of Tactical Learning in a WWI German Infantry Division1
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 13, ISSUE 4, Summer 2011 Studies Strategy "in a microcosm": Processes of tactical learning in a WWI German Infantry Division1 Christian Stachelbeck Despite the defeat of 1918, the tactical warfare of German forces on the battlefields against a superior enemy coalition was often very effective. The heavy losses suffered by the allies until well into the last months of the war are evidence of this.2 The tactical level of military action comprises the field of direct battle with forces up to division size. Tactics – according to Clausewitz, the “theory of the use of military forces in combat” – is the art of commanding troops and their organized interaction in combined arms combat in the types of combat which characterized the world war era – attack, defense and delaying engagement.3 1 This paper is based on my book Militärische Effektivität im Ersten Weltkrieg. Die 11. Bayerische Infanteriedivision 1915-1918, Paderborn et al. 2010 (=Zeitalter der Weltkriege, 6). It is also a revised version of my paper: “Autrefois à la guerre, tout était simple“. La modernisation du combat interarmes à partir de l’exemple d’une division d’infanterie allemande sur le front de l’Ouest entre 1916 et 1918. In: Revue Historique des Armées, 256 (2009), pp. 14-31. 2 See Niall Ferguson, The Pity of War (New York: Basic Books, 1999). 3 See Gerhard P. Groß, Das Dogma der Beweglichkeit. Überlegungen zur Genese der deutschen Heerestaktik im Zeitalter der Weltkriege. In: Erster Weltkrieg - Zweiter Weltkrieg. Ein Vergleich. Krieg, Kriegserlebnis, Kriegserfahrung in Deutschland, on behalf of Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt (Military History Research Institute) edited by Bruno Thoß and Hans-Erich Volkmann, Paderborn et al. -
The Battle of the St. Eloi Craters
Canadian Military History Volume 5 Issue 2 Article 4 1996 The Blind Leading the Blind: The Battle of the St. Eloi Craters Tim Cook Canadian War Museum, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Recommended Citation Cook, Tim "The Blind Leading the Blind: The Battle of the St. Eloi Craters." Canadian Military History 5, 2 (1996) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cook: The Battle of the St. Eloi Craters Tim Cook Published by Scholars Commons @ Laurier, 1996 1 Canadian Military History, Vol. 5 [1996], Iss. 2, Art. 4 he battle at St. Eloi between 27 March and German assault against the British held position T19 April 1916 was a minor side-show called "The Bluff in February, Plumer ordered V compared to the armageddon raging between the Corps to attack and cut off the enemy-held salient Germans and French at Verdun. Yet, it was an at St. Eloi, where 33 mines had been blown to important event for the 2nd Canadian Division produce a shell-pocked wasteland of mud.3 as it was their first set-piece battle on the Western Front. It was also an unmitigated disaster. In August 1915, B'ritish sappers had skilfully sunk three deep shafts beneatb the German lines. The Battle of the St. Eloi Craters is one of The British set three mines beneath the "Mound" those battles which has been forgotten, perhaps and the German front line in preparation for an conveniently, by Canadian military historians. -
Edgar Wynn Williams: Experiences of the War 2 – March 1916 to July 1916
Edgar Wynn Williams: Experiences of the War 2 – March 1916 to July 1916 Edgar Wynn Williams 5A Market St Llanelly, S Wales Great Britain A Diary (continued) of My Experiences in The Army during The Great European War Aug 1914 to ____________ Serving with The Motor Transport Army Service Corps st Attached to 1 South African Field Ambulance rd March 23 1916 ––– The first instalment of Edgar Wynn Williams’ diary of war experiences traced his career from his decision to join the army (8 December 1915) through to 22 March 1916, by which time he had been stationed in Egypt for two months, and had seen some action as a driver with the Army Service Corps. The diary continues from 23 March 1916 in this second instalment, in which we gain further insight into his time and experiences while attached to the South African Expeditionary Force in Egypt, and then in France. We read about his activities and daily routine, with many detailed descriptions of his duties. As with the first instalment of the diary, there are numerous references to correspondence with home – for example, on 1 April 1916, ‘Today I had a parcel from Olga [Bevan, his fiancée] containing sugar tea etc.’ On 15 May Edgar noted that his mail consisted of 11 letters, 6 (belated) birthday cards and 19 newspapers. 1 At the start of the period covered in the diary he was at Sollum (now usually written Sallum), a port in western Egypt: he sailed from there aboard S.S Borulos on 29 March, arriving at Alexandria two days later. -
Llewellyn James Jones Died of Wounds 16 March 1916 Age 34 Years
Llewellyn James Jones died of wounds 16 March 1916 age 34 years Llewellyn James Jones was born in Herriard on the 22nd June 1881. He was the fourth and youngest son of the Reverend George Jones M.A., who became Rector of All Saints’ Dummer in 1882, and his wife Rosamond Alice Ward. Llewellyn’s mother Rosamond died on 13th March 1896 when he was 14 and 8 months. She was 44 years old. Llewellyn attended Lancing College in 1895 and in 1896, following his older brother Walter’s example, joined the army. Initially in the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, by 1905 he was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Lancashire Fusiliers. The same year he was seconded to the West India Regiment. Four years later, in 1909, he was promoted to Lieutenant and transferred permanently to the West India Regiment. On the outbreak of WW1 he was made a Temporary Captain in the East Surrey Regiment and fifteen months later was confirmed as Captain on 27th January 1916. He embarked for France in June/July 1915. On the 10th March 1916 his battalion, the 7th, went into the trenches opposite Hohenzollern redoubt near Loos. They were relieving the 6th Battalion Royal West Surrey Regiment (the Queen’s). It is not clear from the war diary how Llewellyn Jones was wounded on the 12th March, though it seems likely it was during the destruction of the German galleries at Hohenzollern. However, four days later on the 16th March 1916 he died from those wounds. Hohenzollern Redoubt March 1916 The Hohenzollern Redoubt was a German defensive position on the Loos front, which was fought over by the British and German armies from the Battle of Loos (25 September – 14 October 1915) to the beginning of the Battle of the Somme (1 July – 18 November 1916), changing hands several times. -
The Mcmahon-Hussein Correspondence 14 July 1915 - 10 March 1916
The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence 14 July 1915 - 10 March 1916 McMahon was British High Commissioner in Egypt and Ali Ibn Husain was the Sherif of Mecca during the First World War. In a series of ten letters from 1915 to 1916 McMahon tried to attract Arab support against the Ottoman Empire. The following excerpt is from a letter from October 24, 1915. The implied promise is of British support of an independent Arab state. 1. From Sharif Hussein, 14 July 1915 Whereas the whole of the Arab nation without any exception have decided in these last years to accomplish their freedom, and grasp the reins of their administration both in theory and practice; and whereas they have found and felt that it is in the interest of the Government of Great Britain to support them and aid them in the attainment of their firm and lawful intentions (which are based upon the maintenance of the honour and dignity of their life) without any ulterior motives whatsoever unconnected with this object; And whereas it is to their (the Arabs') interest also to prefer the assistance of the Government of Great Britain in consideration of their geographic position and economic interests, and also of the attitude of the above-mentioned Government, which is known to both nations and therefore need not be emphasized; For these reasons the Arab nation sees fit to limit themselves, as time is short, to asking the Government of Great Britain, if it should think fit, for the approval, through her deputy or representative, of the following fundamental propositions, leaving out -
M2089 Selected German Documents from the Records of the Naval
M2089 SELECTED GERMAN DOCUMENTS FROM THE RECORDS OF THE NAVAL RECORDS COLLECTION OF THE OFFICE OF NAVAL RECORDS AND LIBRARY, 1897–1917 Timothy P. Mulligan prepared the Introduction and arranged these records for microfilming. National Archives and Records Administration Washington, DC 2006 INTRODUCTION On the four rolls of this microfilm publication, M2089, are reproduced the contents of 34 logbooks and other bound volumes of original German Navy and merchant marine records located among the Naval Records Collection of the Office of Naval Records and Library, 1897–1917, Record Group (RG) 45. The materials reproduced here constitute a part of those original German documents approved for restitution to the Bundesarchiv following the latter’s request and subsequent negotiations with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For these German documents, microfilm publication M2089 represents the record copy retained by NARA. BACKGROUND President John Adams authorized the establishment of the Navy Department Library on March 31, 1800. Originally a component of the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, the Navy Department Library was transferred by Navy Department General Order 292 on March 23, 1882, to the newly established Office of Naval Intelligence. There an unofficial adjunct staff to the Library, designated the Naval War Records Office, came into being in 1882 to compile for publication selected documents on naval aspects of the Civil War. On July 7, 1884, the Naval War Records Office and the Navy Department Library were formally consolidated by the Naval Appropriation Act (23. Stat. 185) into the Office of Library and Naval War Records. In October 1889 the Office was returned to the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, and assumed custody of the pre-1886 office files of the Secretary of the Navy. -
Claremen Who Fought in the Battle of the Somme July-November 1916
ClaremenClaremen who who Fought Fought in The in Battle The of the Somme Battle of the Somme July-November 1916 By Ger Browne July-November 1916 1 Claremen who fought at The Somme in 1916 The Battle of the Somme started on July 1st 1916 and lasted until November 18th 1916. For many people, it was the battle that symbolised the horrors of warfare in World War One. The Battle Of the Somme was a series of 13 battles in 3 phases that raged from July to November. Claremen fought in all 13 Battles. Claremen fought in 28 of the 51 British and Commonwealth Divisions, and one of the French Divisions that fought at the Somme. The Irish Regiments that Claremen fought in at the Somme were The Royal Munster Fusiliers, The Royal Irish Regiment, The Royal Irish Fusiliers, The Royal Irish Rifles, The Connaught Rangers, The Leinster Regiment, The Royal Dublin Fusiliers and The Irish Guards. Claremen also fought at the Somme with the Australian Infantry, The New Zealand Infantry, The South African Infantry, The Grenadier Guards, The King’s (Liverpool Regiment), The Machine Gun Corps, The Royal Artillery, The Royal Army Medical Corps, The Royal Engineers, The Lancashire Fusiliers, The Bedfordshire Regiment, The London Regiment, The Manchester Regiment, The Cameronians, The Norfolk Regiment, The Gloucestershire Regiment, The Westminister Rifles Officer Training Corps, The South Lancashire Regiment, The Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment). At least 77 Claremen were killed in action or died from wounds at the Somme in 1916. Hundred’s of Claremen fought in the Battle. -
The First World War
The First World War (Outline) Many different opinions on some questions (for example): - Why did it start? - Why couldn’t they stop it? - Who was to blame? - Why did the pre-war plans all fail? - How important was the American contribution? - Were the generals (generally) dumb? - Was the German Army actually defeated? - Could the war have been continued after Nov. 1918? - Should the Allies have pressed on into Germany? Part 1: The War Begins, 1914 (The Tinderbox Explodes) I. Set up and causes 1. FEAR!!! 2. Ism’s a. Nationalism (Jingoism) b. Imperialism (Colonialism) c. Militarism (War Plans: Schlieffen Plan, Plan XVII, etc:) d. Pan-Slavism and Pan-Germanism 3. Other general factors a. Arms race (specifically the Naval Arms Race) b. Population pressure in Germany (Lebensraum) II. Individual Countries and where they stood 1. Italy (to be treated as a great power) 2. Turkey (Regain N. Africa, Balkans, and long-standing enemy of Russia) 3. Austria-Hungary (To survive as an empire and fear of Russia) 4. Germany (To hold a “place in the sun” + fear of two front war) 5. Russia (Pan-Slavism, Lebensraum, and to regain lost prestige) 6. France (Regain Alsace & Lorraine + fear of Germany) 7. England (Maintain her empire, supremacy of the RN & integrity of international rule of law; channel ports) III. The spark initiates an inferno (“some damn foolish thing in the Balkans”) 1. Assassination of the Arch-Duke (ho-hum) 2. Austria decides to punish Serbia 3. Gets a “BLANK CHECK” from Germany 4. Austria issues ultimatum and mobilizes 5. Willie/Nicky telegrams 6.