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Radu-Alexandru DRAGOMAN Radu-Alexandru DRAGOMAN MATERIALITATEA EXPERIMENTULUI PITEŞTI ESEU ARHEOLOGIC DESPRE MEMORIA REPRESIUNII ŞI REZISTENŢEI ÎN ROMÂNIA COMUNISTĂ MATERIALITY OF THE PITEŞTI EXPERIMENT AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ESSAY ON THE MEMORY OF REPRESSION AND RESISTANCE IN COMMUNIST ROMANIA Editura EUROTIP Baia Mare, 2015 Dedic acest text memoriei lui Constantin Teja, care a petrecut 13 ani în închisorile comuniste, trecând şi prin xperimentul Piteşti, precum şi soţiei lui, Elpidia Teja, care l-a aşteptat tot acest timp. I dedicate this text to the memory of Constantin Teja, who spent 13 years of his life in communist prisons, also going through the Piteşti Experiment, and to his wife, Elpidia Teja, who had waited for him all these long years. CUPRINS / CONTENTS Lista ilustraţiei / List of illustrations - 7 Prefaţă şi mulţumiri - 23 / Preface and acknowledgements - 113 Capitolul 1 / Chapter 1 Dimensiunea materială a represiunii police comuniste din România ‐ 27 The material dimension of communist polical repression in Romania ‐ 117 Capitolul 2 / Chapter 2 Despre obiecte ‐ 37 On objects ‐ 129 Excurs Povestea unor obiecte - 51 Excursus The story of a few objects - 143 Capitolul 3 / Chapter 3 Materialitatea comemorării şi uitării vicmelor ‐ 59 Materiality of vicms’ commemoraon and oblivion ‐ 151 Excurs Fuhrmann - 89 Excursus Fuhrmann - 181 Capitolul 4 / Chapter 4 Cărţile memorialisce ca obiecte ‐ 91 Memor1:C1 1H books as objects ‐ 183 Excurs Urme materiale: o fotografie - 101 Excursus Material traces: a photograph - 193 Capitolul 5 / Chapter 5 Concluzii şi perspecve ‐ 105 Conclusions and perspecves ‐ 197 Anexe/ Appendices - 203 Referinţe bibliografice / References - 205 Figuri / Figures - 217 Lista ilustraiei / List of illustrations Figuri / Figures Figura 1. Hart cu centrele de detenie politic din România comunist menionate în text (harta: Mihai Florea). Figure 1. Map of the political detention centres in Communist Romania mentioned in the text (map: Mihai Florea). Figura 2. Fosta închisoare politic din Suceava (foto: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman, noiembrie 2012). Figure 2. The former polical prison in Suceava (photo: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman, November 2012). Figura 3. Una dintre intrrile în fosta închisoare politic din Piteti (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, februarie 2011). Figure 3. One of the entrances to the former political prison in Piteti (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, February 2011). Figura 4. Recipiente expuse în Memorialul Victimelor Comunismului i al Rezistenei din Sighet (foto: Sorin Oan-Marghitu, ianuarie 2009). Figure 4. Containers exhibited in the Memorial to the Victims of Communism and the Resistance in Sighet (photo: Sorin Oan-Marghitu, January 2009). Figura 5. Instrumente utilizate în timpul deteniei politice de ctre Niculae Purcrea pentru a confeciona obiecte (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, octombrie 2013). Figure 5. Tools used by Niculae Purcrea to make objects during his political detention (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, October 2013). Figura 6. Obiecte confecionate de Niculae Purcrea în timpul deteniei politice (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, octombrie 2013). Figure 6. Objects made by Niculae Purcrea during his political detention (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, October 2013). Figura 7. Icoane din locuina lui Niculae Purcrea, printre care se numr i un exemplar confecionat în timpul deteniei politice la Lteti (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, octombrie 2013). 7 Figure 7. Icons from Niculae Purcrea’s home, including an item made during his political detention at Lteti (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, October 2013). Figura 8. Notaiile lui Virgil Maxim cu privire la o cruce pe care a sculptat-o în timpul deteniei politice la Târgor. Figure 8. Virgil Maxim’s notes regarding a cross that he carved during his political detention at Târgor. Figura 9. Valeriu Gafencu (sursa: internet). Figure 9. Valeriu Gafencu (source: internet). Figura 10. Eliabeta Miron (sursa: Eliabeta Ionescu [fost Miron]). Figure 10. Eliabeta Miron (source: Eliabeta Ionescu [ex Miron]). Figura 11. Obiecte confecionate de Valeriu Gafencu în timpul deteniei politice la Aiud (foto: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman, martie 2011). Figure 11. Objects made by Valeriu Gafencu during his political detention at Aiud (photo: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman, March 2011). Figura 12. Obiecte confecionate de Traian („Mac”) Popescu în timpul deteniei politice la Vcreti (foto: Marius Amarie, februarie 2008). Figure 12. Objects made by Traian (“Mac”) Popescu, during his political detention at Vcreti (photo: Marius Amarie, February 2008). Figura 13. Obiecte confecionate de Ion I. („Nelu”) Punescu dup> eliberarea din detenia politic (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, martie 2013). Figure 13. Objects made by Ion I. (“Nelu”) Punescu after he had been released from political detention (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, March 2013). Figura 14. Madone sculptate de Ion I. („Nelu”) Punescu dup eliberarea din detenia politic (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, martie 2013). Figure 14. Madonnas carved by Ion I. (“Nelu”) Punescu after he had been released from political detention (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, March 2013). Figura 15. Madon> sculptat de Ion I. („Nelu”) P>unescu dup> eliberarea din detenia politic, în asociere cu o icoan a Sfântului Nicolae (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, martie 2013). Figure 15. Madonna carved by Ion I. (“Nelu”) Punescu after he had been released from political detention, displayed in association with an icon of Saint Nicholas (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, March 2013). 8 Figura 16. Celularul din fosta închisoare politic din Sighet (foto: Sorin Oan>-Marghitu, ianuarie 2009). Figure 16. The cells in the former political prison at Sighet (photo: Sorin Oan>-Marghitu, January 2009). Figura 17. Expoziie dedicat Experimentului Piteti, amenajat într-una din celulele fostei închisori politice din Sighet (foto: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman, iulie 2012). Figure 17. Exhibition dedicated to the Piteti Experiment, mounted in one of the cells of the former political prison at Sighet (photo: Radu- Alexandru Dragoman, July 2012). Figura 18. Camer în fosta închisoare politic din Sighet în care a fost deinut Aurel Viovan, înainte de a fi trimis spre „reeducare” la Piteti (foto: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman, iunie 2007). Figure 18. Room in the former political prison at Sighet where Aurel Viovan had been imprisoned before he was sent to Piteti for “re- education” (photo: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman, June 2007). Figura 19. Fosta închisoare politic din Piteti (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, februarie 2011). Figure 19. The former political prison in Piteti (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, February 2011). Figura 20. Cronologie: zidul fostei închisori politice din Piteti i plcue din perioada în care cldirea a fost utilizat ca sediu pentru activiti de construcie (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, februarie 2011). Figure 20. Chronology: the wall of the former political prison in Piteti and plates belonging to the period when the building was used as a headquarter for construction activities (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, February 2011). Figura 21. Transformri ale exteriorului fostei închisori politice din Piteti; „coada” T-ului (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, februarie 2011). Figure 21. Exterior alterations to the former political prison in Piteti; the end of the T (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, February 2011). Figura 22. Transformri ale interiorului fostei închisori politice din Piteti; „coada” T-ului (foto: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman, iulie 2009). Figure 22. Interior alterations to the former political prison in Piteti; the end of the T (photo: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman, July 2009). 9 Figura 23. antier de construcii din decembrie 2007 în curtea fostei închisori politice din Piteti (foto: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman). Figure 23. Construction site within the precincts of the former political prison in Piteti in December 2007 (photo: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman). Figura 24. Construcii ridicate dup 2000 în curtea fostei închisori politice din Piteti (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, februarie 2011). Figure 24. Buildings erected after 2000 within the precincts of the former political prison in Piteti (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, February 2011). Figura 25. Fosta închisoare politic din Piteti; „braul” drept al T-ului (foto: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman, decembrie 2007). Figure 25. The former political prison in Piteti; the right side of the T (photo: Radu-Alexandru Dragoman, December 2007). Figura 26. Curte interioar din fosta închisoare politic din Piteti (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, februarie 2008). Figure 26. Inner yard of the former political prison in Piteti (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, February 2008). Figura 27. Scrile care duc la subsolul fostei închisori politice din Piteti; „braul” drept al T-ului (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, februarie 2008). Figure 27. Stairs leading to the basement of the former political prison in Piteti; the right side of the T (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, February 2008). Figura 28. Subsol al fostei închisori politice din Piteti; „braul” drept al T-ului (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, februarie 2008). Figure 28. Basement of the former political prison in Piteti; the right side of the T (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, February 2008). Figura 29. Camer din subsolul fostei închisori politice din Piteti; „braul” drept al T-ului (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, februarie 2008). Figure 29. Room at the basement of the former political prison Piteti; the right side of the T (photo: Vlad Ioachimescu, February 2008). Figura 30. Paturi suprapuse depozitate într-una din camerele aflate la subsolul fostei închisori politice din Piteti; „braul” drept al T-ului (foto: Vlad Ioachimescu, februarie 2008). Figure 30. Bunk beds deposited in one of the rooms at the basement of the former political prison in Piteti;
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