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The Viking Age
Laval University From the SelectedWorks of Fathi Habashi March, 2020 The iV king Age Fathi Habashi Available at: https://works.bepress.com/fathi_habashi/615/ The Viking Age INTRODUCTION The Viking Age (793-1066) is a period in history during which the Scandinavians expanded and built settlements throughout Europe. They are sometimes referred to as Norsemen and known to the Greek as Varangians. They took two routes: the East - - the present-day Ukraine and Russia, and the West mainly in the present-day Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland, Normandy, Italy, and the British Isles. The Viking were competent sailors, adept in land warfare as well as at sea. Their ships were light enough to be carried over land from one river system to another. Viking ships The motivation of the Viking to invade East and West is a problem to historians. Many theories were given none was the answer. For example, retaliation against forced conversion to Christianity by Charlemagne by killing any who refused to become baptized, seeking centers of wealth, kidnapping slaves, and a decline in the profitability of old trade routes. Viking ship in Oslo Museum The Vikings raids in the East and the West of Europe VIKINGS IN THE EAST The Dnieber The Vikings of Scandinavia came by way of the Gulf of Finland and sailed up the Dvina River as far as they could go, and then carried their ships across land to the Dnieper River, which flows south to the Black Sea. They raided villages then they became interested in trading with the Slavs. Using the Dnieper, they carried shiploads of furs, honey, and wax south to markets on the Black Sea, or sailed across that sea trade in Constantinople. -
Ancient, Islamic, British and World Coins Historical Medals and Banknotes
Ancient, Islamic, British and World Coins Historical Medals and Banknotes To be sold by auction at: Sotheby’s, in the Upper Grosvenor Gallery The Aeolian Hall, Bloomfield Place New Bond Street London W1 Day of Sale: Tuesday 9 June 2009 at 10.00 am and 2.00 pm Public viewing: 45 Maddox Street, London W1S 2PE Thursday 4 June 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Friday 5 June 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Monday 8 June 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Or by previous appointment. Catalogue no. 37 Price £10 Enquiries: James Morton, Tom Eden, Paul Wood, Jeremy Cheek or Stephen Lloyd Cover illustrations: Lots 1-57 (front); Lot 367 (back); Lot 335 (inside front cover); Lot 270 (inside back cover) in association with 45 Maddox Street, London W1S 2PE Tel.: +44 (0)20 7493 5344 Fax: +44 (0)20 7495 6325 Email: [email protected] Website: www.mortonandeden.com This auction is conducted by Morton & Eden Ltd. in accordance with our Conditions of Business printed at the back of this catalogue. All questions and comments relating to the operation of this sale or to its content should be addressed to Morton & Eden Ltd. and not to Sotheby’s. Important Information for Buyers All lots are offered subject to Morton & Eden Ltd.’s Conditions of Business and to reserves. Estimates are published as a guide only and are subject to review. The actual hammer price of a lot may well be higher or lower than the range of figures given and there are no fixed “starting prices”. -
February 14Th 10.00 Sedov Vladimir Valentinovich (Moscow IA RAS
February 14th 10.00 Sedov Vladimir Valentinovich (Moscow IA RAS) Principal outcomes of the excavation of the church of the Annunciation at Gorodishche near Novgorod in 2016-2017: archeology and architecture The paper presents the main results of the extensive architectural and archaeological excavation of the stone church of the Annunciation at Gorodishche, built in 1103 by Prince Mstislav the Great and rebuilt in 1342-1343. This latter church, having survived in part, was conserved, and the current plans for the museumification of the 1103 church allowed for its complete excavation, which provided an opportunity to assess the architecture of this second oldest stone church building of Novgorod (the Sophia of Novgorod being the earliest). We now see this monument as a transitive point in local architectural history. Its large size, common type and architectural details firmly link it to the south Russian tradition of Kiev. At the same time, it stands at the very beginning of the Novgorod architectural tradition. The paper also covers some of the most vivid details of the monument and the traces of its rebuilding, as well as information on the pre- church layers unearthed during the excavation. Gippius Alexey Alexeevich (Moscow, HSE, ISS RAS), Mikheev Savva Mikhailovich (Moscow, ISS RAS) Complex of the Glagolitic graffiti of the church of the Annunciation at Gorodishche The paper discusses ten 12th- century Glagolitic graffiti, one of them being the longest old Russian Glagolitic text. The inscriptions are of interest both in terms of their content and of their paleography, which has allowed us to presume the existence of a specific Novgorod school of Glagolitic writing in the 11th and 12th centuries. -
Russia and Siberia: the Beginning of the Penetration of Russian People Into Siberia, the Campaign of Ataman Yermak and It’S Consequences
The Aoyama Journal of International Politics, Economics and Communication, No. 106, May 2021 CCCCCCCCC Article CCCCCCCCC Russia and Siberia: The Beginning of the Penetration of Russian People into Siberia, the Campaign of Ataman Yermak and it’s Consequences Aleksandr A. Brodnikov* Petr E. Podalko** The penetration of the Russian people into Siberia probably began more than a thousand years ago. Old Russian chronicles mention that already in the 11th century, the northwestern part of Siberia, then known as Yugra1), was a “volost”2) of the Novgorod Land3). The Novgorod ush- * Associate Professor, Novosibirsk State University ** Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University 1) Initially, Yugra was the name of the territory between the mouth of the river Pechora and the Ural Mountains, where the Finno-Ugric tribes historically lived. Gradually, with the advancement of the Russian people to the East, this territorial name spread across the north of Western Siberia to the river Taz. Since 2003, Yugra has been part of the offi cial name of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug: Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug—Yugra. 2) Volost—from the Old Russian “power, country, district”—means here the territo- rial-administrative unit of the aboriginal population with the most authoritative leader, the chief, from whom a certain amount of furs was collected. 3) Novgorod Land (literally “New City”) refers to a land, also known as “Gospodin (Lord) Veliky (Great) Novgorod”, or “Novgorod Republic”, with its administrative center in Veliky Novgorod, which had from the 10th century a tendency towards autonomy from Kiev, the capital of Ancient Kievan Rus. From the end of the 11th century, Novgorod de-facto became an independent city-state that subdued the entire north of Eastern Europe. -
Does Belarusian-Ukrainian Civilization Belong to the Western Or the Latin Civilization? Piotra Murzionak
Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 78 | Number 78 Article 5 4-2018 Does Belarusian-Ukrainian Civilization Belong to the Western or the Latin Civilization? Piotra Murzionak Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, International and Area Studies Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Murzionak, Piotra (2018) "Does Belarusian-Ukrainian Civilization Belong to the Western or the Latin Civilization?," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 78 : No. 78 , Article 5. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol78/iss78/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the All Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Murzionak: Does Belarusian-Ukrainian Civilization Belong to the Western or t Comparative Civilizations Review 41 Does Belarusian-Ukrainian Civilization Belong to the Western or the Latin Civilization? Piotra Murzionak Abstract The aim of this article is to further develop the idea of the existence of a distinct Belarusian-Ukrainian/Western-Ruthenian civilization, to define its place among Western sub-civilizations, as well as to argue against the designation of Belarus and Ukraine as belonging to the Eurasian civilization. Most of the provided evidence will be related to Belarus; however, it also applies to Ukraine, the country that has had much in common with Belarus in its historical and cultural inheritance since the 9th and 10th centuries. Key words: designation, Belarus, Europe, civilization Introduction The designation of a modern country or group of countries to one or another civilization bears two aspects. -
Russian Viking and Royal Ancestry
GRANHOLM GENEALOGY RUSSIAN/VIKING ANCESTRY Direct Lineage from: Rurik Ruler of Kievan Rus to: Lars Erik Granholm 1 Rurik Ruler of Kievan Rus b. 830 d. 879 m. Efenda (Edvina) Novgorod m. ABT 876 b. ABT 850 2 Igor Grand Prince of Kiev b. ABT 835 Kiev,Ukraine,Russia d. 945 Kiev,Ukraine,Russia m. Olga Prekrasa of Kiev b. ABT 890 d. 11 Jul 969 Kiev 3 Sviatoslav I Grand Prince of Kiev b. ABT 942 d. MAR 972 m. Malusha of Lybeck b. ABT 944 4 Vladimir I the Great Grand Prince of Kiev b. 960 Kiev, Ukraine d. 15 Jul 1015 Berestovo, Kiev m. Rogneda Princess of Polotsk b. 962 Polotsk, Byelorussia d. 1002 [daughter of Ragnvald Olafsson Count of Polatsk] m. Kunosdotter Countess of Oehningen [Child of Vladimir I the Great Grand Prince of Kiev and Rogneda Princess of Polotsk] 5 Yaroslav I the Wise Grand Duke of Kiew b. 978 Kiev d. 20 Feb 1054 Kiev m. Ingegerd Olofsdotter Princess of Sweden m. 1019 Russia b. 1001 Sigtuna, Sweden d. 10 Feb 1050 [daughter of Olof Skötkonung King of Sweden and Estrid (Ingerid) Princess of Sweden] 6 Vsevolod I Yaroslavich Grand Prince of Kiev b. 1030 d. 13 Apr 1093 m. Irene Maria Princess of Byzantium b. ABT 1032 Konstantinopel, Turkey d. NOV 1067 [daughter of Constantine IX Emperor of Byzantium and Sclerina Empress of Byzantium] 7 Vladimir II "Monomach" Grand Duke of Kiev b. 1053 d. 19 May 1125 m. Gytha Haraldsdotter Princess of England m. 1074 b. ABT 1053 d. 1 May 1107 [daughter of Harold II Godwinson King of England and Ealdgyth Swan-neck] m. -
Scandinavian Influence in Kievan Rus
Katie Lane HST 499 Spring 2005 VIKINGS IN THE EAST: SCANDINAVIAN INFLUENCE IN KIEVAN RUS The Vikings, referred to as Varangians in Eastern Europe, were known throughout Europe as traders and raiders, and perhaps the creators or instigators of the first organized Russian state: Kievan Rus. It is the intention of this paper to explore the evidence of the Viking or Varangian presence in Kievan Rus, more specifically the areas that are now the Ukraine and Western Russia. There is not an argument over whether the Vikings were present in the region, but rather over the effect their presence had on the native Slavic people and their government. This paper will explore and explain the research of several scholars, who generally ascribe to one of the rival Norman and Anti- Norman Theories, as well as looking at the evidence that appears in the Russian Primary Chronicle, some of the laws in place in the eleventh century, and two of the Icelandic Sagas that take place in modern Russia. The state of Kievan Rus was the dominant political entity in the modern country the Ukraine and western Russia beginning in the tenth century and lasting until Ivan IV's death in 1584.1 The region "extended from Novgorod on the Volkhov River southward across the divide where the Volga, the West Dvina, and the Dnieper Rivers all had their origins, and down the Dnieper just past Kiev."2 It was during this period that the Slavs of the region converted to Christianity, under the ruler Vladimir in 988 C.E.3 The princes that ruled Kievan Rus collected tribute from the Slavic people in the form of local products, which were then traded in the foreign markets, as Janet Martin explains: "The Lane/ 2 fur, wax, and honey that the princes collected from the Slav tribes had limited domestic use. -
CREATING SOCIAL CAPITAL in RUSSIA: the Novgorod Model
CREATING SOCIAL CAPITAL IN RUSSIA: The Novgorod Model Nicolai N . Petro University of Rhode Island The National Council for Eurasian and East European Researc h 910 17th Street, N .W. Suite 300 Washington, D .C. 2000 6 TITLE VIII PROGRAM Project Information* Contractor: University of Rhode Island Principal Investigator : Nicolai N . Petro Council Contract Number : 814-10g Date : October 18, 199 9 Copyright Informatio n Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funde d through a contract or grant from the National Council for Eurasian and East European Researc h (NCEEER). However, the NCEEER and the United States Government have the right to duplicat e and disseminate, in written and electronic form, reports submitted to NCEEER to fulfill Contract or Grant Agreements either (a) for NCEEER's own internal use, or (b) for use by the United States Government, and as follows: (1) for further dissemination to domestic, international, and foreign governments, entities and/or individuals to serve official United States Government purposes or (2) for dissemination in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of the United States Government granting the public access to documents held by the United State s Government. Neither NCEEER nor the United States Government nor any recipient of thi s Report may use it for commercial sale . The work leading to this report was supported in part by contract or grant funds provided by th e National Council for Eurasian and East European Research, funds which were made available b y the U.S. -
History of Russia
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Irkutsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation Department of Social Psychology and Humanities A. V. Zavialov, О. V. Antipina HISTORY OF RUSSIA Study guide Irkutsk ISMU 2019 1 УДК 94(470)(075.8)=111 ББК 63.3(2)я73 Z 39 Recommended by the CCMС of FSBEI HE ISMU MOH Russia as a study guide for foreign students, mastering educational programs of higher education by the educational program of the specialty of General Medicine for mastering the discipline “History” (Protocol № 4 of 11.06.2019) Authors: A. V. Zavialov – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Senior teacher, Department of Social Psychology and Humanities, FSBEI HE ISMU MOH Russia O. V. Antipina – Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Languages with Latin and “Russian for Foreigners” Programs, FSBEI HE ISMU MOH Russia Reviewers: P. A. Novikov – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of History and Philosophy, FSBEI HE INRTU R. V. Ivanov – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of State and Municipal Administration, FSBEI HE ISU Zavialov, A. V. Z 39 History of Russia : study guide / A. V. Zavialov, О. V. Antipina ; FSBEI HE ISMU MOH Russia, Department of Social Psychology and Humanities. – Irkutsk : ISMU, 2019. – 148 p. The study guide covers the key concepts and events of Russian history, beginning from the times of Rus’ up to the present days, and helps a student develop his/her reading and presentation skills. The educational material is presented as texts of four main sections of the course, where the term in English is accompanied with its Russian equivalent, while the explanation is given in English. -
Just Peace Diplomacy Journal International Peace Studies Centre (IPSC) ISSN 2043-9016 (Print) ISSN 2043-9024 (Online)
Number 6, Spring 2012 Just Peace Diplomacy Journal International Peace Studies Centre (IPSC) www.peace-ipsc.org ISSN 2043-9016 (Print) ISSN 2043-9024 (Online) English Articles 1-78 Persian Articles 79-254 Editor in Chief Just Peace Diplomacy Journal is a peer Dr Seyed G Safavi, IPSC, UK reviewed journal published by the International Peace Studies Centre (IPSC). Editorial Board The journal aims to create constructive dialogue and offer in-depth analysis on the Dr Talal Atrissi, Lebanese University, political and security situation in the Middle Lebanon East and Central Asia, with the objective of furthering ‘just peace’ in the region. The Prof Judith Blau, University of North journal contains articles in English and Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA Persian. Contributions to Just Peace Diplomacy Journal do not necessarily reflect Prof Peter Fosl, Transylvania University, the views of the editorial board or the USA International Peace Studies Centre. Just Peace Diplomacy Journal’s primary areas Dr Shireen Hunter, CSIS, USA of interest are peace, security and stability, militarism, energy and international presence Prof Israr Ahmad Khan, International in the Middle East and Central Asia. Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Malaysia Contributors are invited to submit papers to the Journal by emailing a digital version of Dr Oleg V. Kuznetsov, Chita State their paper to the Executive Manager University, Russia ([email protected]). Prof S. Kazem Sajjadpour, School of International Relations, Iran The Mailing Address of the journal: 121 Royal Langford, 2 Greville Rd, Prof Yoginder Singh Sikand, National London, NW6 5HT, Law School, Bangalore, India. UK Prof Peter Slinn, SOAS, UK Email: [email protected] Executive Manager and Assistant Subscription: Editor of English section Individual subscription is £20 per issue Seyed Sadreddin Safavi Organisational Subscription is £60 per issue. -
Rurik Or Riurik (Old East Norse: Rørik, Meaning "Famous Ruler"; C. 830 – C
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurik Rurik . The Varangians in Kievan Rus Rurik or Riurik (Old East Norse: Rørik, meaning "famous ruler"; c. 830 – c. 879) was a Varangian chieftain who gained control of Ladoga in 862, built the Holmgard settlement near Novgorod, and founded the Rurik Dynasty which ruled Kievan Rus and then Russia until the 16th century The runes ruRikr representing the Old Norse name Hrœrekr on the Viking Age runestone U 413 in the church of Norrsunda, Uppland, Sweden. A monument celebrating the millennium of Rurik's arrival to Novgorod There is a debate over how Rurik came to control Ladoga and Novgorod. The only information about him is contained in the 12th-century Russian Primary Chronicle, which states that Chuds, Slavs, Merias, Veses and Krivichs "…drove the Varangians back beyond the sea, refused to pay them tribute, and set out to govern themselves". Afterwards the tribes started fighting each other and decided to invite Rurik to reestablish order. Rurik remained in power until his death in 879. His successors (the Rurik Dynasty), however, moved the capital to Kiev and founded the state of Kievan Rus, which persisted until 1240, the time of Mongol invasion. A number of extant princely families are patrilineally descended from Rurik, although the last Rurikid to rule Russia, Vasily IV, died in 1612. There is a large 9th-century funerary barrow in Novgorod Oblast, reminiscent of the mounds at Old Uppsala. Intricately defended against looting, it remains to be excavated. The local inhabitants refer to it as Rurik's Grave. Disputed origin According to the Primary Chronicle Rurik was one of the Rus, a Varangian tribe likened by the chronicler to Danes, Swedes, English and Gotlanders. -
Electronic Library of Ukrainian Literature
Electronic Library of Ukrainian Literature THE BOOKS OF GENESIS OF THE UKRAINIAN NATION by Mykola Kostomarov Translated by B. Yanivs'kyi § 1. God created the world: the heaven and the earth, and populated it with all the creatures and appointed man to have domination over all earthly things, and commanded him to be fruitful and multiply and ordained that the human race be divided into generations and tribes; and to each generation and tribe He bestowed a land so that each generation and tribe might seek God, who is near man, and thus all people might worship and believe in Him and love Him, and all people would be happy. § 2. But the human race forgot God and gave itself to the devil, and each tribe invented its own gods and in each tribe the peoples invented their own gods and they waged war for these gods and the earth became soaked with blood and bestrewn with ashes and bones and in all the world there was grief, poverty, sickness, calamity and discord. § 3. So the just Lord punished the people with floods, wars, plagues and that which is the worst of all—slavery. § 4. For there is one true God, and He is the sole King of the human race, but the people, as soon as they had created gods for themselves, in the same way created kings for themselves; for just as in every corner there was their own god, like-, wise in every corner there was their own king, and the people began to fight for their own kings and the earth became even more soaked with blood and bestrewn with ashes and bones, and in all the world grief and poverty and sickness and calamity and discord were multiplied.