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Archaeological Monitoring of the Installation of a Storm Water Outflow and Water Line Along Cheatham Street, San Marcos, Hays County, Texas

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Archaeological Monitoring of the Installation of a Storm Water Outflow and Water Line Along Cheatham Street, San Marcos, Hays County, Texas Archaeological Monitoring of the Installation of a Storm Water Outflow and Water Line Along Cheatham Street, San Marcos, Hays County, Texas Center for ArChAeological StudieS Texas State University-San Marcos 601 University Dr. by David M. Yelacic and Carole A. Leezer San Marcos, TX 78666 www.txstate.edu/anthropology/cas/ Principal Investigator: Carole A. Leezer Technical Report No. 49 Center for ArChAeological StudieS Texas State University-San Marcos A member of the Texas State University System 2012 Archaeological Monitoring of the Installation of a Storm Water Outflow and Water Line Along Cheatham Street, San Marcos, Hays County, Texas by David M. Yelacic and Carole A. Leezer Principal Investigator: Carole A. Leezer Texas Antiquities Permit No. 5943 Technical Report No. 49 Center for ArChAeological StudieS texas StAte univerSity-SAn MArCoS 2012 The following information is provided in accordance with the General Rules of Practice and Procedures, Title 13, Chapter 26, Texas Administrative Code: 1. Type of investigation: Emergency archaeological monitoring 2. Project name: Emergency Cheatham Street Monitoring 3. County: Hays 4. Principal Investigator: Carole A. Leezer 5. Name and location of sponsoring agency: Capitol Improvements Deptartment, City of San Marcos 6. Published by the Center for Archaeological Studies, Texas State University-San Marcos, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas, 78666-4616 (2012) Texas State University-San Marcos is a member of the Texas State University System Copyright © 2012 by the Center for Archaeological Studies at Texas State University-San Marcos All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing. For further information on this and other publications by the Center for Archaeological Studies, please contact: Center for ArChAeological StudieS Texas State University-San Marcos 601 University Drive San Marcos, TX 78666-4616 www.txstate.edu/anthropology/cas/ Editor: Maggie McClain Cover photograph: Barber point recovered from surface of 41HY261. Printed in the United States of America by Ginny’s Printing Inc., Austin ManageMent Summary Project Title: Emergency Cheatham Street Monitoring Project Description: Monitoring of trench excavations Local Sponsor: City of San Marcos Institution: Center for Archaeological Studies, Texas State University-San Marcos Principal Investigator: Carole Leezer Project Archaeologist: David Yelacic Crew Members: Jacob Hooge, Veronica Suarez, and John Campbell Texas Antiquities Permit: 5943 Dates of Work: May 5 to December 15, 2011 Total Volume of Monitored Excavated Sediment: 3,800 m3 Purpose of Work: Emergency monitoring investigations of trench excavations. Number of Sites: 1 (41HY261) Curation: Center for Archaeological Studies, Texas State University-San Marcos Comments: Investigations confirmed the presence of a deeply stratified prehistoric component of archaeological site 41HY261. This site is recommended as eligible for listing on the NRHP and for SAL status. Mitigation to offset the loss of important information resulting from the infrastructure project is also recommended. iii abStract From May to September, 2011, the Center for Archaeological Studies (CAS) at Texas State University-San Marcos conducted archaeological monitoring of trench excavations associated with the upgrade of infrastructure for the Rio Vista Neighborhood in central San Marcos, Hays County, Texas. Work was conducted on behalf of the City of San Marcos (City). The location of construction traversed site 41HY261, which is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), and as a result has been adversely impacted. Site 41HY261 contains a historic mill race and associated engineered structures and machinery, in addition to prehistoric archaeological deposits. To date, only the prehistoric component of the site has been disturbed. This construction project, being City- sponsored, currently falls under the purview of the Antiquities Code of Texas, and archaeological monitoring was conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit 5943, an emergency permit assigned to Carole Leezer by the Texas Historical Commission. Auger test excavations were conducted northeasterly along Cheatham Street to delineate the extent of 41HY261. As a result of auger test excavations, the boundary of the site was extended to the intersection of Cheatham and Sycamore Streets. All subsequent trenching that took place within 41HY261’s boundary was monitored by CAS archaeologists. Hundreds of prehistoric and historic artifacts were encountered in the approximately 3800 m3 of mechanically excavated sediment. Of these artifacts, six were temporally diagnostic projectile points, indicating human occupation of the site during the Late Paleoindian, late Middle Archaic, and Late Archaic cultural periods. Data gleaned from the current project compliment previous investigations of the site, and reinforce prior conclusions that the site has the potential to contain intact cultural deposits of prehistoric age. In consideration of current and previous datasets and conclusions, CAS recommends that this site be considered eligible for NRHP and State Archeological Landmark nomination and be afforded the legal protection of these statuses. Due to the negative impacts to the site resulting from the current and previous infrastructure projects, CAS also recommends that these disturbances be offset, or mitigated, through an archaeological data recovery plan. iv table of contentS Management Summary ..........................................................................................................................iii Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................viii Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Project Setting ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Geology and Soils ........................................................................................................................... 2 Climate and Weather ...................................................................................................................... 2 Flora and Fauna .............................................................................................................................. 3 Central Texas Cultural Chronology ........................................................................................................ 3 Prehistoric ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Paleoindian ............................................................................................................................... 4 Archaic ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Late Prehistoric ........................................................................................................................ 5 Protohistoric (Spanish Entrada Period) .......................................................................................... 6 Historic ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Previous Archaeological Investigations .................................................................................................. 7 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Auger Investigations ....................................................................................................................... 9 Trench Monitoring ........................................................................................................................ 10 Alleyway Trench Monitoring ........................................................................................................11 Results ................................................................................................................................................... 13 Cheatham Street and Riverside Drive Auger Monitoring ............................................................ 13 Cheatham Street Trench Monitoring ............................................................................................ 14 Alleyway Trench Monitoring ....................................................................................................... 17 Riverside Drive Trench Monitoring ............................................................................................. 18 Discussion and Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 19 Appendix A ............................................................................................................................ Back Cover v liSt of figureS Figure 1. Project location. ..........................................................................................................1
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