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Archaeological Survey of Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar County, Texas

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Archaeological Survey of Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar County, Texas Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State Volume 1997 Article 16 1997 Archaeological Survey of Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar County, Texas David L. Nickels [email protected] David W. Pease Center for Archaeological Research C. Britt Bousman Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Nickels, David L.; Pease, David W.; and Bousman, C. Britt (1997) "Archaeological Survey of Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar County, Texas," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 1997 , Article 16. https://doi.org/10.21112/ita.1997.1.16 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol1997/iss1/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Archaeological Survey of Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar County, Texas Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol1997/iss1/16 Archaeological Survey of Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar County, Texas David L. Nickels, David W. Pease, and C. Britt Bousman with contributions by Jeffrey Durst, James o. Jones, Lee C. Nordt, Gerry R. Raymond, Robert R. Rector, and Anna Jean Taylor Robert J. Hard and C. Britt Bousman Principal Investigators ©copyright Archaeological Survey Report, No. 248 Center for Archaeological Research The University of Texas at San Antonio 1997 The following information is provided in accordance with the General Rules of Practice and Procedure, Chapter 41.11 (Investigative Reports), Texas Antiquities Committee: 1. Type of investigation: Survey and testing 2. Project name: Lackland Air Force Base Survey 3. County: Bexar 4. Principal investigators: Robert J. Hard and C. Britt Bousman 5. Name and location of sponsoring agency: National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Denver, Colorado 80225-0287 6. Texas Antiquities Committee Permit No.: n/a 7. Published by the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0658, 1997 A list of publications offered by the Center for Archaeological Research is available. Call (210) 458-4378; write to the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 N. Loop 1604 W., San Antonio, Texas 78249-0658; e-mail to [email protected]; or visit CAR's Web site at http://www.csbs.utsa.edu/research/car/index.htm. Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0788 Public ~port,"g b.urd~n. for this cotlection of information is estll'nated to average 1 ho.ur per. respc;m5~. including the time for reviewing instructjon5~ searching existing data sources, gather:mg an~ mamta!nlnQ th~ d.ata needed: and completi.ng an~ reviewing the col.lealon of informatIon. Send comments r~ardin9 this burden estimate or any other aspect of this coU~,?n of mfor,!,atlon. md~dJng 5uggt!Stlons for reduCIng thiS bur~en. to Washington Headquarters Services. Direaorate or Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson DavIS Highway. SUite 1204. Arhngton. VA 22202-4302. and to the OffICe of Management and Budget. Paperwork Reduction Project (0704·0188). Washington. DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) ,2. REPORT DATE 13. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED . 1998 Final Survey Report; 7-8-96 to 12-20-97 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS .r. Archaeological Survey of Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar County, Texas 1443-CX-1200-94-005 6. AUTHOR(S) David L. Nickels, David W. Pease,and C. Britt Bousman 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Center for Archaeological Research REPORT NUMBER The University of Texas at San Antonio Archaeological Survey Report, 6900 North Loop 1604 West No. 248 San Antonio, Texas 78249 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING / MONITORING National Park Service AGENCY REPORT NUMBER Rocky Mountain Regional Office P. O. Box 25287 Denver. Co. 80225-287 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) . The Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a pedestrian cultural resources survey on 3,860 acres of land at Lackland Air Force Base and Medina Base Annex in Bexar County, Texas. Limited surveys and shovel testing began in the spring of 1994 in areas slated for development. These were followed by a 100-percent-pedestrian survey with limited shovel testing of the remaining undisturbed and undeveloped areas during the fall of 1994 and spring of 1995. Selective paleontological and geomorphological evaluations also were made . The project recorded 71 archaeological sites. Sixty-four sites had only prehistoric components, four had both historic and prehistoric components, and three had only a historic component. Additionally, two previously recorded prehistoric sites were revisited. Prehistoric site types are open campsites and/or lithic quarries. Diagnostic projectile points and tools indicate this area was used from the Early Archaic through the Late Prehistoric periods. The historic sites were classified as farmsteads dating to the late-nineteenth and early- to mid-twentieth centuries. Seventy-one of the 73 sites are deemed eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES Archaeology, survey and testing phase, prehistoric, historic, geoarchaeology, 271 Section 106, Section 110 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMIT A TlON OF ABSTRACT OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UL ~ NSN 7540-01-280-5500 S,andard. l"orm 298 (Rev. 2- 89) ?rescnbed by ':<NSI Std. Z39·18 298·102 Abstract The Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a pedestrian cultural resources survey on 3,860 acres ofland at Lackland Air Force Base and Medina Base Annex in Bexar County, Texas. Base boundaries contain parts of three tributaries of the Medina River: Leon Creek, Medio Creek, and the upper reaches of Long Hollow. Limited surveys and shovel testing began in the spring of 1994 in areas slated for development. These were followed by a 100-percent-pedestrian survey with limited shovel testing of the remaining undisturbed and undeveloped areas during the fall of 1994 and spring of 1995. Selective paleontological and geomorphological evaluations also were made. The project recorded 71 archaeological sites. Sixty-four sites had only prehistoric components, four had both historic and prehistoric components, and three had only a historic component. Additionally, three previously recorded prehistoric sites were revisited. Prehistoric site types are open campsites and/or lithic quarries. Fortunately, some of the prehistoric sites yielded diagnostic projectile points and tools. These indicate human presence in the survey area from the Early Archaic through the Late Prehistoric periods. The historic sites were classified as farmsteads dating to the late-nineteenth and early to mid-twentieth centuries. Seventy-one of the 74 sites are deemed eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. Contents Abstract ............................................................... i List of Figures . .. iv List of Tables . vii Acknowledgments ....................................................... ix Part I. Project Background Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................. 1 Chapter 2. The Project Area . 5 Chapter 3. Fluvial Geomorphology and Geoarchaeology of Medio and Leon Creek Lee C. Nordt .................................................... 9 Chapter 4. Paleontology and Stratigraphy James O. Jones .................................................. 20 Chapter 5. Previous Archaeological Research .................................. 27 Chapter 6. Methodology ................................................. 41 Part ll. Prehistoric Sites Chapter 7. Theoretical Background and Research Design for Prehistoric Sites . 49 Chapter 8. Archaeological Sites ............................................ 59 Leon Creek Prehistoric Sites . 59 Medio Creek Terrace Prehistoric Sites ................................... 62 Long Hollow Prehistoric Sites . 80 The Upland Periphery Prehistoric Sites . 98 Chapter 9. Isolated Finds .................. .. 117 Chapter 10. Analysis of the Prehistoric Survey Data ............................. 118 Part ill. Historic Sites Chapter 11. Historical Background and Research Design for Historic Sites . .. 136 Chapter 12. Historic Sites. .. 144 Chapter 13. Analysis of the Historic Data .................................... 150 Part IV.
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