Sustainable Transport and Ghg Emissions in Belgrade

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Sustainable Transport and Ghg Emissions in Belgrade REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection Empowered lives. Resilient nations. United Nations Development Programme ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT AND GHG EMISSIONS IN BELGRADE FINAL REPORT SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT AND GHG EMISSIONS IN BELGRADE October, 2014 This report has been prepared under the GEF-UNDP project “Support to Sustainable Transport in the City of Belgrade”, with the technical support of the United Nations Development Programme and financial support by Global Environment Facility. Project team: Miroslav Tadic, Aleksandar Jovanovic and Snezana Ostojic-Paunovic. The overall objective of the project is to reduce the metropolitan emissions in the City of Belgrade by improving the public transport scheme, reinforce the participation of cyclists in the traffic and provide the policy framework for sustainable urban transport development of the city of Belgrade. The project was implemented in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection and the City of Belgrade, through its Land Development Agency and Secretariat for Transport. The author of the report is Elena Gavrilova. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or UN Member States. 4 Sustainable Transport and GHG emissions in Belgrade Sustainable Transport and GHG emissions in Belgrade 5 CONTENTS CONTENTS List of Figures .................................................................................4 List of Tables ..................................................................................5 List of Abbreviations ..........................................................................6 Executive summary ...........................................................................7 1. Introduction .........................................................................10 1.1. Cities and Climate Change. .10 1.2. Overview of the climate change mainstreaming in R. Serbia ...........................11 1.2.1. National circumstances. 11 1.2.2. National aspirations ..................................................................11 1.2.3. National GHG emissions trends and transport sector emissions drivers .................12 1.3. City of Belgrade development strategy ................................................14 2. Estimation of the GHG impact of the city of Belgrade road transport emissions .........16 2.1. Overall evaluation of the city transport system and the vehicle fleet ....................16 2.2. GHG emissions estimation principles ..................................................18 2.2.1. Accounting and reporting principles ..................................................18 2.2.2. Definition of the assessment boundary ...............................................19 2.2.3. Overview of data sources used. .20 2.2.4. Calculation methodologies ...........................................................21 2.3. City of Belgrade road transport sector emissions for the period 2006 – 2012 ............22 2.4. Baseline emissions under Business as Usual scenario for the period 2013 – 2024 ........29 3. Outline of the project Support to Sustainable Transport in the city of Belgrade .........33 3.1. Project components and activities ....................................................33 3.1.1. Provision of basis for development of Sustainable Urban Plan of Belgrade ..............33 3.1.2. Promotion of the cycling in the city ...................................................35 3.1.3. Greener modes of transport to school .................................................35 3.1.4. Eco-driving modes in the public companies ...........................................36 3.2. Relation and integration with other initiatives and expansions plans ...................36 4. Assessment of the GHG impact of the project activities ................................38 4.1. Overview of the GHG mitigation potential estimation methodology ...................38 4.2. Quantification of the mitigation impact of the project by project component ..........38 4.2.1. Mitigation assessment of the Component 1 - Provision of basis for development of Sustainable Urban Plan of the city of Belgrade .........................................39 4.2.2. Mitigation assessment of the Component 2 -Promotion of the cycling mlitigation potential assessment .................................................................40 4.2.3. Mitigation assessment of the Component 3 - Greener modes of transport to school mitigation potential assessment ......................................................43 4.2.4. Mitigation assessment of the Component 4 – Assessment of the mitigation potential of the Eco-driving modes in the public transport companies .................44 4.3. Quantification of the overall GHG mitigation potential of the project activities .........58 4.4. Estimation of the potential indirect GHG mitigation potential of the project ............61 5. Recommendations for further development of the sustainable transport system of the city of Belgrade ................................................................63 6. Conclusion ...........................................................................65 Sustainable Transport and GHG emissions in Belgrade 5 LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 0.1. City of Belgrade road transport sector GHG emissions by vehicle class for the period 2006 - 2012 and estimated baseline emissions under BAU scenario for the period 2013 – 2024 [kt CO2-eq] ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 0.2. Estimated GHG mitigation potential of the sustainable transport interventions done in the project framework for the period 2012 – 2024 [kt CO2-eq] .............................................................................. 8 Figure 2.1. Trend of the registered vehicles in R. Serbia and registered vehicle on the territory of the city of Belgrade for the period 2006 – 2012; Source SSO of R. Serbia and MOI of R. Serbia .........................17 Figure 2.2. Average share of the registered vehicles, national and city of Belgrade, period 2006 - 2012 .............17 Figure 2.3. The administrative territory of the city of Belgrade with its infrastructural road transport network, source Master Plan of Belgrade to 2021 ..................................................................................................................20 Figure 2.4. COPERT IV model annual emissions of city of Belgrade Road transport by vehicle categories (excluding emissions from electricity consumption), in kt CO2-eq. .......................................24 Figure 2.5. Estimated GHG emissions of the city of Belgrade road transport sector for the period 2006 – 2012, in kt CO2-eq. ...........................................................................................................................................29 Figure 2.6. The City of Belgrade primary transport network development plan, source Beoland ..........................30 Figure 2.7. Baseline GHG emissions of the City of Belgrade road transport sector for the period 2006 – 2024, in kt of CO2-eq. ......................................................................................................................................32 Figure 4.1. GSP Belgrade annual fuel consumption, in litters, 2006 – 2012 .....................................................................45 Figure 4.2. GSP Belgrade annual consumption of electrical energy for trams and trolleys, in kWh, 2006 – 2012 .......................................................................................................................................................................45 6 Sustainable Transport and GHG emissions in Belgrade Sustainable Transport and GHG emissions in Belgrade 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.3. GSP Belgrade number of lines, 2007 – 2012 ..........................................................................................................46 Figure 4.4. GSP Belgrade total length of the lines in km, 2007 – 2012 ..............................................................................46 Figure 4.5. GSP Belgrade average driving speed of the vehicle fleet, 2006 – 2012 .......................................................47 Figure 4.6. GSP Belgrade, number of transported passengers, in millions, 2006 – 2012 ............................................47 Figure 4.7. BAU and Mitigation Scenario emissions of the road transport sector of the city of Belgrade, 2013 – 2024, in kt-CO2 eq. ..........................................................................................................61 Sustainable Transport and GHG emissions in Belgrade 7 LIST OF TABLES LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1. National GHG emissions of R. Serbia for the years 1990 and 1998 [kt of CO2-eq.]; Source: Initial National Communication of the Republic of Serbia ...........................................................................................12 Table 2.1. Registered vehicles in R. Serbia and registered vehicle on the territory of the city of Belgrade for the period 2006 – 2012; Source SSO of R. Serbia and MOI of R. Serbia .......................................................16 Table 2.2. COPERT IV model output GHG emissions by the road transport of the city of Belgrade, by vehicle type, 2006 – 2012, in kt CO2-eq ............................................................................................................................................23
Recommended publications
  • State of the Art of Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Belgrade (Serbia)
    STATE OF THE ART OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION IN BELGRADE (SERBIA) a data collection template by AMU Content: Introduction 2 Glossary – key definitions 4 Identification of state of the art of climate change adaptation and mitigation in Belgrade (Serbia) 5 www.terrifica.eu @TeRRIFICA_ Introduction This template is a tool created for identification of the state of the art of climate change adaptation and mitigation in pilot regions of TeRRIFICA and is linked to Work Package 3 (WP3). It will allow to achieve the following main objectives of WP3: • to create a comprehensive overview on the state of the art of climate change adaptation research and innovation strategies, tangible climate change adaptation examples and communication strategies and methods at different levels of complexity, • to create an overview and corresponding information and exchange structures between science, civil society and local government, • to highlight areas that TeRRIFICA can address and improve, • to identify useful content for TeRRIFICA from recent and current projects about climate action and climate change, • to reflect on climate change adaptation ideas and strengths and weaknesses (co- creation), • to define and adapt supporting innovative outreach and dialogue actions and formats for general public, education, policy makers and the virtual platform, ready for implementation in partner institutions and collaborating organisations, • to develop common methodologies and recommendations of implementation for Pilots with special focus on social innovation corresponding to SDGs. Recognition of the current state in the field of climate change adaptation and mitigation activities undertaken by academia & education, local government, civil society and business in each pilot region will be helpful to select the relevant case studies for the purpose of accomplishing tasks 3.1 and 3.2 and achieving deliverables 3.2 and 3.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Гласник Српског Географског Друшта Bulletin of the Serbian Geographical Society Година 2013
    ГЛАСНИК СРПСКОГ ГЕОГРАФСКОГ ДРУШТА BULLETIN OF THE SERBIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY ГОДИНА 2013. СВЕСКА XCIII- Бр. 3 YEAR 2013 TOME XCIII- Nо 3 Original scientific paper UDC: 711.453(497.11) DOI: 10.2298/GSGD1303035J THE CHALLENGES OF THE URBAN TRANSPORT STRATEGY OF BELGRADE 1* MIOMIR JOVANOVIĆ 1University of Belgrade - Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/3, 11000 Belgarde, Serbia Abstract: Belgrade’s main characteristics are: a) high densities, b) extremely high concentration of jobs in CBD and its central zone, c) very high level of usage of urban public transport and of pedestrian movements. According to the Newman - Kenworthy classification, Belgrade is a typical “public transport city”, while due to its transport strategy Belgrade can be best described as a hybrid of the Thomson’s “low cost strategy” (very high usage of buses) and “strong centre strategy” (high concentration of jobs in it’s CBD). This type of spatial development and urban transport strategy is extremely sensitive to the rise of personal motorization and automobile usage. Since in Belgrade: a) main mode of transport are buses, b) streets are very narrow, c) although public transport oriented, Belgrade doesn’t have rail systems with separated, “exclusive” right of way (metros, and light rail systems - traffic jams at Belgrade’s streets are extremely pronounced – number of vehicles per 1 km of streets is – 277 vehicles/km. Hence, Belgrade has four times more vehicles per 1 km of street network than Australian cities, two times more than metropolises of the USA and Canada, and 25% more than the West European and wealthy Asian cities.
    [Show full text]
  • CEEPUS National Office in Serbia
    CEEPUS National Office in Serbia http://erasmusplus.rs/ceepus-2/ ABOUT THE UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE The University of Belgrade is the oldest and the largest university in Serbia. All state universities in Serbia and several universities in the region were founded by the University of Belgrade. Nowadays, the University of Belgrade consists of 31 schools, 11 research institutes, and 8 centers in the fields of vital importance to the functioning of the University, such as: career development, technology transfer, quality assurance, strategic management and planning, work with physically challenged students and Computer Center. The University Library “Svetozar Marković”, with more than 3,500.000 volumes, is also a member of the University. The University disposes of 11 endowments provided by affluent citizens of Serbia and 7 funds for supporting 200 best students of the University of Belgrade. The organization of former students of the University of Belgrade – Alumni of the University of Belgrade – was founded in 2008. The University of Belgrade provides training in traditional and some new emerging disciplines. Its schools are divided into four groups: - Sciences and Mathematics - Technology and Engineering Sciences - Medical Sciences - Social Sciences and Humanities. As the largest learning community in this part of Europe, with 310 study programs, of which: 88 undergraduate, 134 master, 67 doctoral studies, 17 academic and 4 applied specializations, 85,762 students and 3,032 academic and research staff, 2,265 papers on SCI, SSCI and AHCI lists, numerous publications and scientific and research projects, the University of Belgrade has unique responsibilities and opportunities toward the society. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION It has a very long tradition in academic and cultural exchange, as well as inter-university and international cooperation with universities within the country and abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • Disillusioned Serbians Head for China's Promised Land
    Serbians now live and work in China, mostly in large cities like Beijing andShanghai(pictured). cities like inlarge inChina,mostly andwork live Serbians now 1,000 thataround andsomeSerbianmedia suggest by manyexpats offered Unofficial numbers +381 11 4030 306 114030 +381 Belgrade in Concern Sparks Boom Estate Real Page 7 Issue No. No. Issue [email protected] 260 Friday, October 12 - Thursday, October 25,2018 October 12-Thursday, October Friday, Photo: Pixabay/shanghaibowen Photo: Skilled, adventurous young Serbians young adventurous Skilled, China – lured by the attractive wages wages attractive the by –lured China enough money for a decent life? She She life? adecent for money enough earning of incapable she was herself: adds. she reality,” of colour the got BIRN. told Education, Physical and Sports of ulty Fac Belgrade’s a MAfrom holds who Sparovic, didn’t,” they –but world real the change glasses would rose-tinted my thought and inlove Ifell then But out. tryit to abroad going Serbia and emigrate. to plan her about forget her made almost things These two liked. A Ivana Ivana Sparovic soon started questioning questioning soonstarted Sparovic glasses the –but remained “The love leaving about thought long “I had PROMISED LAND PROMISED SERBIANS HEAD HEAD SERBIANS NIKOLIC are increasingly going to work in in towork going increasingly are place apretty just than more Ljubljana: Page 10 offered in Asia’s economic giant. economic Asia’s in offered DISILLUSIONED love and had a job she ajobshe had and love in madly was She thing. every had she vinced con was Ana Sparovic 26-year-old point, t one FOR CHINA’S CHINA’S FOR - - - BELGRADE INSIGHT IS PUBLISHED BY INSIGHTISPUBLISHED BELGRADE for China.
    [Show full text]
  • Specificity of Exploitation and Maintenance of Electric Busses in CTC Belgrade
    Specificity of exploitation and maintenance of electric busses in CTC Belgrade Željko Milković,MSc.M.E Director of the company Slobodan Mišanović, MSc.T.E. Project manger Dušan Savković,MSc.M.E Tehnical director Pavle Krstić,MSc.E.E Slobodan Stević, MSc.E.E Specificity of the exploitation of the Ebus in Belgrade - Introduction - Line EKO 1 - Electric buses '' Higer '' - Charging system - Maintenance, safety measures, day care, parking - Exploitation indicators - Environmental benefits - Economy About public transport in Belgrade City Public Transport Company “Belgrade” Modal split (JKP GSP “Beograd’’) Motorcyclists is the carrier of the public transportation function in 0,10% Cyclists Other Belgrade 0,55% 0,53% Passenger cars Tram subsystem (150 trams operating on 11 routes), 21,55% Trolley subsystem (94 trolleys operating on 8 routes), Bus subsystem (609 buses operating on 119 routes). Urban transport 52,86% EKO 1 – e.bus line ( 5 E.buses) Daily CPTC “Belgrade” transports about 1,580,000 passengers Pedestrians Participation of bus subsystem in achieved transport 24,41% work is about 70 % 2014-2015-2016-2017-2018… year E-bus a new concept of environmentally clean and energy efficient public transport in Belgrade Start of regular exploitation 1/9/2016 Our activities: GSP Belgrade is a leader in Southeast Europe in monitoring and the implementation of the bus concept on pure electric drive Cooperation and exchange of experiences with E-bus manufacturers (BYD, Siemens Rampini, Chariot bus-HIGER, Solaris, ) Testing E-bus BYD E12, on lines no.26 and 41 (April 2014) Case Study - Simulation of E-bus, Solaris E12, on line no.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Is Serbia an Economic Growth Underachiever?
    ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER UDK: 338.12(497.11)"2010/2017" DOI: 10.5937/EKOPRE1808017P Date of Receipt: January 9, 2019 Pavle Petrović WHY IS SERBIA AN ECONOMIC GROWTH Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Fiscal Council of the Republic of Serbia UNDERACHIEVER? Danko Brčerević Fiscal Council of the Republic of Serbia Zašto privredni rast Srbije zaostaje? Mirjana Gligorić University of Belgrade Faculty of Economics Department of Economic Policy and Development Abstract Sažetak In a nutshell, Serbia is an economic growth laggard due to deficient Empirijski rezultati u ovom radu pokazuju da je privredni rast Srbije ispod institutions, specifically lacking rule of law and control of corruption, and svog potencijalnog nivoa pre svega zbog slabih institucija – posebno due to low investment, which itself is curbed by corruption and poor rule vladavine prava i kontrole korupcije. Sledeći činilac koji koči privredni of law. The gap in education achievement also hinders Serbia’s long-term rast su niske investicije, ali pokazujemo da su i one, naročito privatne, growth. We asses that Serbia is currently growing 2 percentage points nedovoljne dobrim delom usled slabe vladavine prava i korupcije. Najzad, below its potential: above 3% instead of around 5%. Roughly one half nedostaci obrazovnog sistema su takođe faktor koji usporava rast privrede of the growth gap could be explained by underperforming institutions Srbije. U radu pokazujemo da privreda Srbije trenutno raste gotovo 2 (1 p.p.), and the other half by low investment (0.7 p.p.) and education procentna poena ispod svog potencijala, tj. trenutno nešto iznad 3% (0.2 p.p.). These results are obtained by estimating the empirical growth umesto potencijalnih 5%.
    [Show full text]
  • Dear Exco and GA Delegats, Welcome to the Republic of Serbia, A
    EUISG session – March 8-10, 2018 Belgrade, SERBIA Practical information Dear EUISG members, Welcome to the Belgrade (meaning ‘white city’), the capitol of the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија), a European country (candidate for EU membership), located in Southeastern and Central Europe on Balkan Peninsula in Western Balkans. Serbia has a population of above 7 mil people. Time zone is central European, CET (GMT + 1 hour), international dialing code is +381, and national Internet domain is .rs. Electricity voltage is: 220 ~ 230V, 50 Hz. Water from public mains is safe to drink. Official script is Cyrillic (ћирилица). Street names, public transport and many other signs are in Cyrillic. Official currency: the dinar (RSD). In most of the shops, restaurants and other you can only pay in dinars. Exchange rate is (at the time of writing of this info): 1 EUR = 118 RSD. You can check the rates before you come at http://www.nbs.rs/internet/english/scripts/ondate.html, but the fluctuation of the exchange rate are usually not very significant (within 1 - 1,5 dinars). You can buy dinars in one of many currency exchange points marked with: МЕЊАЧНИЦА- МENJAČNICA-EXCHANGE at the airport or in the city (there is one to the left as you exit the arrival gate to the airport hall). No commission is charged, but you should ask in advance in any case. Weather forecast (March 07-10): around 10-110 C with rain on Thursday and Friday. You can learn more about Serbia on http://www.serbia.travel/. ******* Belgrade (Београд, Beograd) is European metropolis with more than 1,7 mil inhabitants.
    [Show full text]
  • Chariot Ultra Capacitor E-Bus
    Chariot Ultra Capacitor e-bus Copyright © 2018 by Chariot Motors 1 Desire for zero emissions urban transport vehicles The electric buses are going to become the most preferred rolling stock to be procured by the public operators in Europe within the next couple of years All across Europe the capitals and big cities are introducing policies for promotion and purchase of electric buses. Several European countries already announced that they will completely ban the diesel buses on national level and only and electric buses are going to be purchased. From the perspective of Total Cost of Ownership the electric buses are the most economical vehicles for public transportation. 2 About the company Chariot Motors together with Aowei Technology have developed the first ever ultracapacitors electric bus (Chariot e-bus) to be used for commercial operation in Europe. Chariot e-bus is purely ultracapacitor (UC) based city e-bus that deploys the latest electric drive and world’s most advanced ultracapacitor technology by Aowei. Chariot e-bus is assembled at a special high quality production line at one of the world’s biggest bus factories, Higer bus factory, with more than 17,000 hybrid & electric buses produced per year. Chariot e-bus is a silent, low-cost vehicle with zero-emissions, which complies with the European homologation certifications, the strict market requirements in EU, including the ECE R100 standard for energy storage devices. 3 Chariot Motors’ supply chain 4 Chariot electric buses on the map 5 UC Chariot e-buses in operation by GSP
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Background of the Project
    CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT 1.1 Background of the Project While supporting countries organized by 24 leading developed nations in the world made the decision that the former Yugoslavia would be a subject country for assistance in July, 1990, they decided to suspend economic cooperation in November, 1991 in view of the subsequent developments in Yugoslavia. Japan also suspended its aid except for that through international organizations and grassroots grant aid cooperation provided from a humanitarian viewpoint. The present Project forms part of the components of the grant aid cooperation totaling US$ 50 million which Japan pledged at the international donor conference to assist Yugoslavia held in June, 2000. Although the Public Transport Company “Belgrade” (hereinafter referred to as GSP Belgrade), the implementation body for the Project, did not suffer any direct damage due to the bombing campaign of the NATO in 1999, it is finding the procurement of new buses, spare parts and repair equipment, etc. extremely difficult because of its financial difficulties caused by the economic sanctions since 1992. Major public transportation systems of Belgrade consist of buses, street cars and trolley buses. Although, because bus transportation runs 87% of total operating length of public transportation systems, it holds 75 % of numbers of the passengers transportation, and, more over, it’s service network covers whole area of the city, it is positioned as the only public transportation in Belgrade. The number of operable buses has decreased by more than 50%, from 913 in 1991 to 417 in 2001. Moreover, the buses currently in service are experiencing considerable deterioration, making public transportation in Belgrade near breaking point.
    [Show full text]
  • CIVITAS FORUM 2015, Sesion 7 FULLY ELECTIC BUS- A
    CIVITAS FORUM 2015, Sesion 7 FULLY ELECTIC BUS- A FORTHCOMING CONCEPT OF CLEAN AND ENERGY EFFICIENT CITY BUS IN BELGRADE 08.10.2015, Ljubljana Slobodan Misanovic, M.Sc, JKP GSP’’Beograd’’ Slaven Tica, PhD, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering,Belgrade Predrag Zivanovic, M.Sc, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering,Belgrade About public transport in Belgrade CITY OF BELGRADE -12 city communities - area of - with app. 133.5 ha 1.466.177 PT •JKP OPERATGSP inhabitants • Private operaters:ORS 387 buses Modal split •Belgrade’s Train–Beograd ‘’Beovoz’’: :9 trains . • During a work day, the whole system transports app. - 876 vehicles •The share of Motorcyclists Passenger cars Cyclists0, 10% 0, 21, 55% Other 55% 2.100.000 0,53 PT % in total mobility is 53% passengers City Public Transport Company “Belgrade” 73 BATAJNI CA 704 ZEMUN POQ E 705 NASEQ E "13 MAJ" 706 BATAJNI CA 706 BATAJNI CA 708 Е ZEMUN POQ E (@EL . ST.) 702 BATAJNI CA - BUSI JE 703 BATAJNI CA - UGRI NOVCI . (JKP GSP “Beograd’’) is the carrier 707 ZEMUNN POQOVA E GALENI KA 84 17 ZEMUN GO WI G . R RAD of the public transportation ALTI NA 81 81 Ugr i nova~ka ZEMUN Car a Du{ ana a } i 8 0 w DUNAV 7 ZEMUN BA^KA { i 18 V 81 a p i 83 l i Pedestrians 3 F a 8 k 708 , s function in Belgrade ZEMUN 15 5 d 4 1 a a ,8 r NOVI GRAD r g 5 a Urban transport o 45 4 3 , ~ v • 78 8 8 n o , 5 15,78 1 o N 709 PLAVI HORI ZONTI K 4 709 a d a 1 24 45 R 7 , 611 DOBANOVCI 4 5 , 612 (KVANTA[ KA PI JACA) MEGA MARKET , 41 7 3 , 5 8 4 15,18,78,81 % 3 52 , Pr vomajska 8 Tram subsystem (150 trams operating G 4 , , l 7 86 711 NOVO BE@.
    [Show full text]
  • Belgrade Insight
    Issue No. 188 Friday, July 10 - Thursday, July 23, 2015 ORDER DELIVERY TO Belgrade’s "The The YOUR DOOR +381 11 4030 303 public sector European ultimate [email protected] - - - - - - - ISSN 1820-8339 1 drivers slam Dream" EXIT survival BELGRADE INSIGHT IS PUBLISHED BY 0 1 working at Palić Lake guide conditions Page 6 Page 9 Page 10 9 7 7 1 8 2 0 8 3 3 0 0 0 Even when the Democrats longas continue to likely is This also are negotiations Drawn-out Surely the situation is urgent Many of us who have experi We feel in-the-know because bia has shown us that (a.) no single no (a.) that us shown has bia party or coalition will ever gain the governa form to required majority negotiations political (b.) and ment, will never be quickly concluded. achieved their surprising result at last month’s general election, quickly itbecame clear that the re sult was actually more-or-less the result election other every as same in Serbia, i.e. inconclusive. as Serbia’s politicians form new political parties every time disagree with they their current party reg 342 currently are (there leader political parties in Serbia). istered the norm. One Ambassador Belgrade-based recently told me he was also alarmed by the distinct lack of urgency among politicians. Serbian “The country is standstill at and a I don’t understand their logic. If they are so eager to progress towards the EU and en theycome how investors, courage go home at 5pm sharp and don’t work weekends?” overtime.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Impact of Ambient Air Pollution in Serbia a CALL to ACTION
    Health impact of ambient air pollution in Serbia A CALL TO ACTION РЕПУБЛИКА СРБИJA Министарство заштите животне средине REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Ministry of Environmental Protection Republic of Serbia MINISTRY OF HEALTH Abstract This report, on a comprehensive investigation on the impact of air quality on health in Serbia, assesses the effects of air pollution on health in major cities. The results show that long-term exposure to air pollution leads to premature death for a relevant percentage of the population, and short-term exposure to air pollution increases mortality risk. The investigation collected data on air quality, the population and its health in 2010–2015. Levels of pollutants exceeding the values of the WHO air quality guidelines and the limits set by European Union legislation on air quality were recorded in several Serbian cities. The WHO AirQ+ software was used to calculate the proportion of deaths due to air pollution for the main Serbian cities. The analysis of the national data shows that nearly 3600 premature deaths every year are attributable to exposure to fine particulate matter measuring ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) in 11 studied cities in Serbia. Simulations of progressive reductions in current PM2.5 concentrations point towards major health benefits from improving air quality in the country. The results of this analysis indicate the importance of a reliable monitoring of air quality and the need for interventions to reduce the burden of air pollution in Serbia. Keywords AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE HEALTH IMPACTS URBAN HEALTH SERBIA Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office website (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest).
    [Show full text]