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Chariot Ultra Capacitor E-Bus Chariot Ultra Capacitor e-bus Copyright © 2018 by Chariot Motors 1 Desire for zero emissions urban transport vehicles The electric buses are going to become the most preferred rolling stock to be procured by the public operators in Europe within the next couple of years All across Europe the capitals and big cities are introducing policies for promotion and purchase of electric buses. Several European countries already announced that they will completely ban the diesel buses on national level and only and electric buses are going to be purchased. From the perspective of Total Cost of Ownership the electric buses are the most economical vehicles for public transportation. 2 About the company Chariot Motors together with Aowei Technology have developed the first ever ultracapacitors electric bus (Chariot e-bus) to be used for commercial operation in Europe. Chariot e-bus is purely ultracapacitor (UC) based city e-bus that deploys the latest electric drive and world’s most advanced ultracapacitor technology by Aowei. Chariot e-bus is assembled at a special high quality production line at one of the world’s biggest bus factories, Higer bus factory, with more than 17,000 hybrid & electric buses produced per year. Chariot e-bus is a silent, low-cost vehicle with zero-emissions, which complies with the European homologation certifications, the strict market requirements in EU, including the ECE R100 standard for energy storage devices. 3 Chariot Motors’ supply chain 4 Chariot electric buses on the map 5 UC Chariot e-buses in operation by GSP Belgrade since 1st Sep 2016. 26 UC Chariot e-buses in operation by DAN, Tel Aviv as per the end of 2017 with another 100 UC buses agreed to be delivered in 2018 & 2019 2 UC Chariot e-buses in operation by Holding Graz Linien, Austria since April 2017 1 UC e-bus in operation in Italy since March 2018 1 UC e-bus in operation in Macedonia as a pilot project since April 2018 1 UC e-bus in operation in Bulgaria Bulgaria, as a pilot project in 2014-2016 various cities 5 Results from the UC e-buses operation in the quoted cities Graz, Austria There are 2 ultracapacitors e-buses in pilot operation since April 2017 • The UC e-buses performance has been evaluated with a grade 1.7 (1 is best, 5 is worst) • 91% acceptance by the passengers Belgrade, Serbia 5 ultracapacitors e-buses are in commercial operation since Sep 2016: • operational schedule from 5:30 o’clock until 23:00 o’clock, 7days per week; • operation in the temperature range from -14°C in winter up to 40°C during the summer; • availability of the ultracapacitor electric bus line over one calendar year of 97.5%. Tel Aviv, Israel 26 ultracapacitors e-buses are in commercial operation since Sep 2016. • The e-buses have proven robust operation in the Israeli high-tech environment. • another 100 UC e-buses are singed in Oct 2017 and will be delivered in 2018 & 2019. Sofia, Bulgaria • One pilot e-bus has been in pilot operation for 1.5 years. • As a result from the successful pilot Sofia is announcing a tender for 30 fast charging ebuses 6 Supercapacitor electric bus – general view . Supercapacitor location 7 General UC e-bus components Wheel hub electric motors Central electric motor DC electric heating 18 m UC e-bus 8 Examples of electric buses operated by trolleybus operators – UC Chariot e-bus, Sofia example, 2014 • Operated and maintained by the Sofia trolleybus company; • line № 11 (trolleybus line); • line length of 11.2 km, crossing; • DC/DC charging stations at terminals only, using trolleybus power supply; • Siemens electric motors, 2 x 67 kW 9 Charging station + pantograph Charging station, 660V DC to 585V DC Charging poles Ultracapacitor Pantograph during charging 10 Key Chariot UC е-bus features • capable of travelling about 25 km – 30 km on a single charge performed for 2 - 5 minutes at the terminal, based on the 40 kWh UC, 470 A charging current; • charging at terminal(s) only and not on passengers stops; • economical means of transportation with proved average consumption of about 1.1 kWh/km including AC; • low maintenance cost due to the lack of expensive-to- maintain combustion engine vehicles systems; • does not require overhead power line, thus avoiding infrastructure and maintenance costs; • not influenced by outside temperatures and capable of operating with ease in various weather conditions; • passengers load of a regular trolleybus / diesel bus. 11 Technological and operational advantages of ultracapacitors compared to the batteries • Aowei’s ultracapacitors accumulated more than 11 years / 12 million km of experience and used in electric buses since 2006 being the most matured energy technology used in for electric buses; • average energy recuperation rate of the ultracapacitor is 32.2%, reaching up to 39%; • ultracapacitor is mounted in a safety container preventing risks in case of accident; • Operational temperatures form -30°C to +60°C; • The UC contains no harmful or toxic substances leading to no pollution of hazardous disposal at no extra disposal cost; • no energy storage replacement-related costs; • Charging factor is 10C • less powerful charging infrastructure compared to batteries; 12 Comparison between UC and fast charging batteries Ultracapacitor Fast charging batteries Performance • Excellent in broader temperature • More sensitive operation in range. About 20% better broader temperature range performing than fast recharge battery. Safety • Excellent with explosive proof • Good, but there is the tank. possibility of fire. Recuperation • As per Belicon institute study the • lower recuperation levels, thus average recuperation is 32.2% higher electricity consumption reaching up to 39%. Charging time • About 3 minutes as UC could • About 5 minutes Charging factor afford 10C • LTO battery could afford 4C charging, LpCO could afford 3C charging Lifetime • Manufacturing warranty of 8 years • Replacement after 5-7 years of Warranty that could be extended to 10 years operation. • Manufacturing warranty is 5 years. Disposal • No toxic /hazardous substances • More demanding disposal costs 13 Results from an independent validation by BELICON Chariot e-bus performance 14 Charging Stations 150 kW DC/DC 340 kW AC/DC 15 One charging station – different type of electric buses Charging Charging 16 17 18 19 Remote monitoring and diagnostic system for e-bus and charging stations . Chariot e-bus is equipped with remote monitoring and diagnostic system that monitors: Commands to the bus . energy consumption of all systems (electric, air conditioning, on-board electronics, etc.), and recuperation values; . state and errors of all systems Central Report Unit (brakes, doors, suspension, GPS, etc.); . passenger load, speed, acceleration, location, driver Wi Fi / GPRS GPRS behavior. Alarm IT / Data Performance announcement Workshop Control Center 20 Remote monitoring and diagnostic system for e-bus 21 The Belgrade’s Project 22 UC e-buses operational characteristic 1 EKO line 5 E-buses in the operation Operational offered Outside Total length driving time charging time of interval turnround daily shift capacity operational of route [km] [min] time[min] [min] (places/ temperature [min] [hours] hour) 16,4 34 5-10 88 17-18 18.5 289 -14C to 35C 23 Consumption electricity per km on 2nd Sep 2016 (30 Co), AC-on Distribution of consumption electricity per kilometer Terminal SOC % Terminal SOC % kWh/km Direction ''A'' Vukov spomenik- Belvil 2.9.2016 Belvil 97 Vuk 56 0.95 12 10 Vuk 97 Belvil 67 0.77 10 Belvil 99 Vuk 52 1.09 8 8 7 7 Vuk 97 Belvil 65 0.82 6 Belvil 99 Vuk 51 1.12 SAMPLE 4 Vuk 95 Belvil 62 0.85 2 1 Belvil 97 Vuk 36 1.42 1.21 0 Vuk 97 Belvil 50 0.7-0.85 0.85-1 1-1.15 1.15-1.30 1.3-1.45 Belvil 99 Vuk 43 1.30 kWh/km Vuk 99 Belvil 52 1.21 Belvil 100 Vuk 41 1.37 Vuk 97 Belvil 50 1.21 Belvil 100 Vuk 40 1.40 Vuk 98 Belvil 50 1.23 Belvil 95 Vuk 41 1.26 Vuk 97 Belvil 56 1.05 Belvil 99 Vuk 46 1.23 Vuk 85 Belvil 51 0.87 Belvil 100 Vuk 43 1.33 Average 1.14 24 Profitability of invested assets after 6 years of operation Chariot E-bus Diesel Type of Bus bus Annual mileage (km) 80,000 Consumption of electric power (kWh/100 km) 106 - Price of electric power ( Euro/kWh) 0.07 - Consumption of diesel fuel (l / 100 km) - 44 Price of diesel fuel (Euro/l) - 1.17 Total cost of energy (Euro) 6,944 45,115 25 Total cost of ownership of Chariot e-Bus. Benchmark on the purchase of eight vehicles. Total cost of ownership over 12 years operation of Chariot e-bus compared to other alternatives such diesel buses, CNG buses and trolleybus. (trolleybuses require grid infrastructure) (trolleybuses do not require grid infrastructure) 26 Effects: • Zero emissions by e-buses at the micro location • Lower level emitted noise of 12-17 dB • High energy efficiency, 80% lower, compared to diesel-powered buses. • Unsurpassed availability of the UC e-bus fleet of 99,2%; • Regular operation at -14 C degrees during the winter time • Daily operation of the buses in Belgrade is from 5:00 am till 24:00 o’clock. • Excellently accepted by the passengers • City government is about to take a decision to turn the city center into zero emission zone through electric public transportation, decommissioning trolleybuses network and diesel buses with a main focus on the electric buses. • Based on the success of operation of the electric bus project the City government is considering to opt on further implementation of electric buses.
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