BSJ Dec 2008 4.Indd

December 2008

Caucasus School of Journalism and Media Management

Inside: Read more stories in Georgian and English Merry Christmas! Happy NewYear! INSIDE

Village of abandoned children is limited to 78 inhabitants

Page 5

saTamaSoebis fasi erTidan 50,000 laramde meryeobs

gverdi15

photo by Leli Blagonravova Costs of Childbirth Beyond Reality Birth-rate in Georgia keeps declining Salome Jashi: a filmmaker’s lense Irina VELSKA Twenty-four-year-old Sara Ja- Tsira GVASALIA Natia ANASTASIADI farova just had her second child. Now She loved collecting pins as a little “I want to challenge conventional- Vahagn ANTONYAN one-day-old baby girl lies in a cot ity and suggest something new, see next to mother’s bed. Her fi rst child girl. Strangely enough, she never something absurd. I will try my best GM products are — three-year-old Riat — stays with to provoke breaking this kind of (con- Up to 50,000 children are born used them for fastening or joining imported to Georgia grandparents while the young mother things together. Pins were a some- ventional) ‘agreement’ in society,” she in Georgia every year. Dr. Akaki is recovering after the delivery in the says. Disapproving consensus and Bakradze, Clinical Director of St. Maternity Hospital. Jafarova says she what irrational obsession. conventions, as she puts it, is not so does not think she will have a third easy. More than that, it is struggle. She Page 10 Jacobs and St. Anna Maternity Hos- child. “One needs lots of money to give “Something in them attracted me,” struggles against dogma. But some- pital in Tbilisi, says it means an av- birth to a child,” she says adding that she says. Th us, the 27-year-old Geor- times the attempt proves to be prolifi c. erage of 2-3 children per family. In one needs at least GEL 1,000 (more gian documentary fi lmmaker Salome To interpret reality in her own way, she than US $ 700) to cover the expenses of Jashi perceived pins through a special settled down in Gldani for a month to his opinion, this ratio is nothing in delivering and supporting a child dur- lens. And not only pins. Reality for her explore this outskirt of Tbilisi. She had comparison to the birthrate 30 years ing the fi rst month. “I paid 700 lari (US is very individual and never totally ob- heard that this part of the city was, in ago, when an rural family had up to $ 500) for the delivery as I wanted to jective. her own words, “dark and dangerous” 8 children. have an opportunity to choose a doc- “I perceive reality as I observe it and and people bore the brunt of social tor,” says Jafarova. She and her new- shoot it as I want. Reality goes through hardship there. Th rough Jashi’s fi lter Dr. Bakradze says there are mul- born daughter stay at comfortable my ‘fi lter’ and I put it into visual im- Gldani turned out not so “dark” as tiple reasons for the baby bust. Immi- ward designed for four women. If she ages. Th e reality may be quite diff erent they said. Th us she created her version gration of the population, changes of had asked for a single ward, it would from what I show. No one knows what of Gldani. social behavior among men and wom- have cost GEL 100 (approximately US actual reality is,” she says. After graduating Caucasus School en and an unstable economic situation $ 70) more. Documentary fi lm for her is a of Journalism and Media Manage- are the most crucial factors why birth- For Jafarova’s family, this additional “tool” for interpreting the world in ment in 2003, she started her career as profesia — rate in Georgia keeps declining. “We, cost would mean a hardship. She does her own way. It means manipulating a news reporter on Rustavi 2. Just after Georgians, like a comfortable life,” says not work and lives with her parents, reality. But what is reality in Georgia her fi rst news story, she came home jariskaci Dr. Bakradze. “And children demand while her husband works abroad and for Jashi? People here have more ste- with a strong sense of remorse; she did some attention. Th at’s why children sends her GEL 100-140 (US $ 70-100) reotypes that almost everyone agrees not even sleep at night, as she recalls. are great, but it’s also great to go out at every month. are right — almost everyone, but not gverdi17 night, or go away for a weekend.” Continued on page 7 Jashi. She always asks questions. Continued on page 13 2 CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT BSJ

CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT

Reporters Irina Velska Natia Anastasiadi Vahagn Antonyan Nino Natsvaladze Giorgi Aptsiauri EkaChitanava Ketevan Vashagashvili Ketevan Aptsiauri Marinka Gharibashvili Elene Chakhunashvili Gvantsa Barbakadze Rusudan Panozishvili Tsira Gvasalia Seymur Kazimov Natalie Nozadze Harut Petrosyan Gvantsa Barbakadze Tsisana Kiguradze Nino Kakhishvili Akaki Kipshidze Natia Rusadze Suzi Kalashyan Natia Sukhiashvili Malkhaz Chkadua Kamila Mamedova Tamuna Bubashvili Temo Bardzimashvili Marika Kochiashvili

Editors Margie Freaney Pamela Renner William Dunbar Ana Keshelashvili Leli Blagonravova Tiko Tsomaia Lika Katcharava

Dean Maia Mikashavidze

Special thanks to Irina Velska Goga Davtyan

The Brosse Street Journal

welcomes letters to the editor

Please make submissions to:

2 Brosset St., Tbilisi Georgia [email protected] tel: (+995 32) 923952 fax:(+995 32) 931466

BSJ reserves the right to edit submissions for length and clarity

All material copyrighted 2008 BSJ CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT 3 Expectations and Wishes for the New Year 2009 Kent Logsdon, Deputy US Ambassador Holidays in Georgia are a celebration of friends and family

“I am very happy to be in Geor- have two small children and we want We hope it will be very prosperous, gia this year. We have two holidays: very much to be in our new home in happy and peaceful year most of all, Christmas, that is an earlier holiday Georgia. And we are excited about and I think that the US and Georgia than in Georgia, when it comes later, that, and for the New Year we are go- working together, will fi nd good ways and than the New Year. My family and ing to Th ailand. We used to live there to make it happen! So I’m optimistic. I will be here for western Christmas, before. Our expectations for the New What is the same for my fam- & American Christmas on the 25th, we Year are like everyone else in Georgia. ily here is how much Georgians care Q A about family and friends, that’s very important for us as well, so on holidays we will be together, the whole family. It’s very characteristic how Georgians How do look at holidays. It’s a celebration of friends and family.

We have a special holy Christmas you celebrate night dinner at home, we put our chil- dren to bed and wake up expecting the visit of Santa Clause, ‘Tovlis Papa’ in New Year? the case in Georgia, in the morning of the Christmas, 25th, we will wake up, GELA MUMLADZE, 26 open up our presents, and then, prob- is always in good cheer for the New Year’s holiday. He spends ably, go to church as well. New Year’s eve with friends, but always buys gifts for his par- ents and wife. “I want to congratulate all of Georgia on this day, We have already prepared for Christmas. Th ere are very nice things and most of all I wish you peace,” Mumladze says. in Georgia to buy, particularly, we found very nice wooden hand-carved toys for our children.” NUNU JANASHIA, 69 has two children and fi ve grandchildren. As a traditional Geor- gian family, they celebrate New Year’s Day traditionally. Classic Inga Grigolia, Georgian dishes Satsivi, Khachapuri, Churchkhela, Gozinaki popular journalist and red wine are always in abundance on the holiday table. and talk show host Th ey begin preparing for New Year two weeks in advance, and the whole family gathers for New Year’s Eve. Th ose, who off er their best wishes for the New Year at the Janashia household are I start preparing called Mekvle, and is given bread wet with red wine—a symbol of plenty. “I want to say happy 2009 to my country. I wish you for the New Year health, victory, and the grace of God,” she added. just few hours earlier

Inga Grigolia is so busy with work that LEVAN GAGNIDZE, 40 she barely notices that 2009 is coming soon. is married and has two children. He always celebrates the New She plans to celebrate this New Year with her Year with his family, and then either visits friends, or receives family. Because of her busy schedule, she only guests at home. He doesn’t get involved in preparing the festivi- gets a few hours to prepare for the big event, ties, he lets his wife take care of the food while his children dec- and each year her wish is the same, for her orate the tree. “I want to congratulate all Georgians this New program to be on air, and for her to be able to Year and to wish them the peaceful life” says Gagnidze. discuss the most important events and issues in Georgia. NINO ARABULI, 42 doesn’t have any special traditions for New Year. Hers is a reli- Robert Sturua, gious family, and she, her husband and three children, keep to prominent Georgian the Christmas fast, which ends on Orthodox Christmas, cel- theatre director ebrated on January 7th. Th at means the traditional Georgian New Year foods like turkey and fried pig have to wait a little, but I prefer the kids still let off fi reworks to mark the old year’s passage.

Christmas MAKA CHKVANAVA, 34 to New Year is a big fan of the festive season. She starts to prepare for New Year’s Eve weeks in advance. Maka buys presents and decora- World famous theatre director Robert tions, and insists that all the members of her family must wear Sturua is not someone who gets carried new clothes on the 31st of December. Usually, Maka and her away with the festive season. “New Year family greet New Year in the street, at one of the many open air is like ordinary Sunday for me, you know concerts in Tbilisi. “New Year is a great occasion for me. I look Monday will arrive tomorrow,” he says, “I forward to this day with great happiness and hope. I want to prefer Christmas to New Year”. In Georgia, congratulate everybody on this wonderful holiday” says Maka. New Year, rather than Christmas, is the main holiday, but Sturua doesn’t see what all the fuss is about. He greets the New Year at home, and occasionally visits friends KETEVAN KHVISTANI, 32 later. Th e one holiday tradition he makes a is a head physician of Tbilisi medical aid service. Despite being concession to is the Christmas tree. Sturua’s full of the festive spirit, she and her team usually have to work is artifi cial, but he says he’ll buy a real one through the holidays. Last year they got a call from the village of if he comes across it. Unsurprisingly for a Tskneti, just outside Tbilisi, and Ketevan met 2008 driving up a man who takes yuletide with a pinch of salt, mountain road. Th is New Year’s Eve, she’s on duty again. Sturua has few Christmas wishes. In fact, he has just one “Peace, peace and only peace.” 4 CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT BSJ Domestic Violence – a Silent Problem 3.4% 2.4% Family abuse is tied to macho mistique 6.1% Elene CHAKHUNASHVILI Main forms of domestic violence in Napareuli and Akhmeta in East- Gvantsa BARBAKADZE ern Georgia. According to Tabaghua, women apply for help fi rst to the Pub- More than 50 % of the women incar- lic Defender’s offi ce, or to the Georgian cerated for murder in the women’s Young Lawyers Association. Th ese or- 62.4% - psychological violence ganizations direct them to Safari. 24.3% - physical violence prison in Tbilisi killed their husbands “Previously, it was shameful for to escape domestic violence. women to reveal domestic violence, 6.1% - sexual violence Th at’s according to the NGO Sa- but this has changed, and it indicates 3.4% - isolation 24.3% fari, which deals with the problems that society has become more civi- 2.4% - financial control of the domestic violence in Georgia. lized” Tabaghua says. She thinks the 62.4% Established in 2000, its main goal is to new law on domestic violence has sup- play an active part in overcoming this ported this tendency. problem and to give the psychologi- In May 2006, parliament adopted a cal, medical and legal help to victims new law on domestic violence. Before of violence. this, there was no legislation that regu- Data by Sakhli - Sopho Tabaghua is a psychothera- lated this sphere. Advice Center for Women pist who works in the NGO. She ex- Baia Pataraia, a lawyer from Safari plains that they cover diff erent target who works with the victims of vio- groups — including both the victims lence, calls the new law a “giant step.” and the perpetrators of abuse. Th ey “It is the most eff ective law in Georgia is the biggest hindrance for women gressive behavior from the male is ac- records can be opened any time. also conduct regular trainings for po- ever,” she says. coming forward. “Most women think cepted, because he is the man and he is “Another problem is that doctors licemen and school teachers, inform- Pataraia is particularly happy with that it only happens in their family, powerful,” Khoshtaria says. are not trained to treat or diagnose the ing them about how to deal with the the establishment of the detention they are ashamed because it happened Khoshtaria’s organization, Sakhli, victims of domestic violence,” Cheish- victims, and the members of their order, which is given to police. If con- to them. Th ere is also a second factor: tries to help women cope with trauma. vili says. families. fi rmed by a court, it’s an eff ective tool victims are afraid of the abuser, who Th ey provide a shelter where women Opinions about domestic violence “At fi rst we observe the victim and to protect the victim from their abuser. doesn’t want anyone to know about can recover. Th e organization also diff er in Georgian society. While al- consult with her. If there is no other It will also help the compilation of sta- what is happening in their family,” helps women fi nd jobs. most everyone acknowledges its exis- option, if she can’t go home or to some tistics on these crimes. Khoshtaria says. “Now we work mainly for internally tence, people tend to say they have not relatives, we place her in a shelter, but Currently there is no offi cial sta- Sakhli was founded with help from displaced people, because the war has encountered it themselves. the British charitable organization Ox- increased violence. Many women were Economist Tsismari Gomurashvili, fam in 1997. Since 2000, approximate- raped during the war,’’ Khoshtaria 59, says people don’t understand that Unfortunately in our society ly 3,500 benefi ciaries have applied says. they have character traits that make it for support. According to their data, Th e organization works to increase impossible for them to live together. aggressive behavior from the male is 62.4 percent of all applicants were the the public awareness of the issue. When Giorgi Abuladze, 35, a lawyer, thinks accepted, as he is the man and he is victims of psychological violence. violence occurs, the victim should ap- that stress caused by unemployment is Khoshtaria says psychological vio- ply for help urgently. According to a major contributing factor. powerful lence traumatizes its victims. It causes Madona Cheishvili, medical director “I think that they should overcome post-traumatic stress syndrome, a con- of the 033 emergency paramedic re- this problem themselves and also ap- we only have space for four women tistical data on domestic violence in dition that is observed among hostages sponse service, they do receive calls ply to psychologist for help,” he says. with their children,” she says. Th e loca- Georgia. Th is is because most women and victims of the torture. Symptoms from victims of domestic violence, but Sopho Kopadze, 32, also an econo- tion of the shelter is kept in secret for are still unwilling to reveal cases of vio- such as fear and anxiety are common, an insignifi cant amount. She says they mist, thinks the main problem is Geor- reasons of anonymity. lence. According to psychologist Nana and can signifi cantly infl uence people, don’t record the exact number, as they gian mentality and traditions. Th ose Safari also works outside the capi- Khoshtaria from the women’s advice undermining self-esteem. aren’t obliged to offi cially. Confi den- working at organization like Sakhli and tal, in Zugdidi in western Georgia and center Sakhli, the fear of public shame “Unfortunately, in our society ag- tiality is also a problem, and patient Safari are seeking to change all that.

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The students will have ac- cess to journalism and communication book collection in the GIPA library. beginners For additional details contact Nino Danelia, program coordinator and mid-career [email protected] 93-14-66, 92-39-52 (tel), 93-14-66 (fax). professionals The deadline for submission of applications is February 15, 2009. BSJ CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT 5 SOS: Alternative to Orphanages Village of abandoned children is limited to 78 inhabitants Ketevan VASHAGASHVILI Tiko Piranishvili is studying for the entrance exams for Tbilisi State Uni- versity, and has little time to read the books of her favorite writer, Stefan Zweig. She lives in a flat on Kazbegi Avenue with her six broth- ers and four sisters. Tiko misses her home village, 12 red houses set among green trees, the SOS Chil- dren’s Village. She found herself at SOS Children’s Village when she was eight. Tiko is 18 now and is on the second phase of the SOS Children’s Village program. SOS Kinderdorf International is an independent non-governmental social development organization. Th e fi rst SOS Children’s Village was founded by Hermann Gmeiner in 1949 in Imst, Austria. He was committed to helping orphan children who lost their fami- photos by Ketevan Vashagashvili lies in the World War II. SOS Kinderdorf International has as well as women. Th e organization is called Leaving Care. Th ey rent a fl at is attention and warmth. “Children SOS Children’s Villages exist in recently developed a policy on disabil- developing full family based care, in- independently with a sister or brother, should not grow up in warehouses,” 132 countries, and the organization ity, designed to overcome challenges cluding SOS fathers, and this scheme and without any teachers. SOS Chil- he says. works in the spirit of the United Na- related to accommodation of disabled has already been rolled out Austria, dren’s Village assists with part of the State Reform of Deinstitutionaliza- tions Convention on the Rights of the children who need a specialized type France and Norway. Zviad Berdzen- rent and utility costs, until they turn tion was launched in Georgia in 2005. Child, it promotes these rights around of care. “We are not a specialized or- ishvili, Director of the National Coor- 23. If they are students, all costs are As part of the reform process, 2,500 the world. ganization. In this situation we believe dination Organization of SOS Kinder- paid, but if they are working only half children were removed from institu- SOS Kinderdorf International be- that children with disabilities can be dorf in Georgia, says there are plans of the bills are paid by the organisa- tions. Some have gone back to their gan working in Georgia in 1996, two cared for best interest by specialized to begin the fathering program here tion. own families, some live in foster fami- years after Georgia joined the UN organizations,”- says Raluca Verwei- as well. Afrter completing each phase of lies and small group homes. Convention of Children’s Rights. Th ey jen-Slamnescu, Adviser at SOS Kin- At Youth Facility children have SOS life, young people recieve money “We are carrying out the State built a traditional Austrian village, 12 derdorf International in Vienna. to study or fi nd work. Th e idea is to that has been gathered during their Reform of deinstitutionalization and two storey-houses with 78 inhabitants SOS Kinderdorf children study teach them to learn to manage their life at the SOS Children’s Village. we have already taken 2,500 children and 12 SOS mothers. Another SOS at public school #170. Education is a own money and get used to indepen- Sponsors all around the world receive from institutions. I confess that SOS Children’s Village was constructed in priority for SOS Kinderdorf Interna- dent life. pictures of the children and often Kindersdorf is high quality, but still it Kutaisi eight years ago. tional, and teachers at the school are Tiko Piranishvili studies all day transfer money to them. Th is money is an institution,” – says Tamar Golu- SOS villages are based on four trained in order to handle the chil- long, she wants to become a student is the last gift from the organization, biani, Head of the Child Welfare Divi- principles: each child needs a mother, dren. and live independently after leaving but the family ties grown in the village sion at the Ministry of Education. brothers and sisters, house and a sup- When children turn 15, they move Youth Facility. last forever. portive village environment. Each to the second phase of the program. “I hope to receive a grant from the “Th ere is the fourth phase,” SOS house belongs to one family. Th e fam- Moving out of the village, they go to government for my studies, but if I teacher Temur Sikharulidze declares. Children ily and village build ties that last a life- SOS Youth Facilities, in fl ats rented in don’t get it, SOS Children’s Village will “We hug them and say: you are free should not grow up time. Th e SOS mothers are trained for the centre of the city. Th ey live with fi nance my studies, so I have to study,” my son, go ahead.” two years to build close relationships SOS sisters and brothers (8-10 in she says. SOS Children’s Village recognizes in warehouses with every child entrusted to them. each fl at) and teachers. While in the After four years, at the age of 18 the family as the best place for bring- In the process of acceptance, pri- SOS Children’s Village the head of the people in the program have to leave ing up children. Th erefore it promotes According to Golubiani, the Mi- ority is given to orphaned and aban- household is always a SOS mother, in the fl at and move to the third and fi nal policies and practices supporting nistry has good relations with SOS doned children, then to those whose the Youth Facilities teachers are men phase of Village life. Th e last phase is biological families and family re-uni- Kinderdof International, but she sees families are unable to care for them. fi cation, as well as preventing family two problems, fi rst is the problem of Children between one and ten are ac- breakdown and child abandonment. integration, as the participants live as cepted into the village. Boys and girls At present they have 200 benefi cia- a village, together, and the second is of diff erent ages live together, and bio- ries in Tbilisi and 200 in Kutaisi. Th ey the current lack of SOS fathers. logical siblings are never parted. Sib- train parents in order to prevent chil- UNICEF research about children lings are either all accepted into the dren from leaving the family. in institutions does not include in- village, or none of them are. “We try to avoid abandonment, but formation about SOS Kinderdorf Meri Maglaperidze, Head of the if there is no way out, we try to have International. Nino Partskhaladze, Children’s Rights Centre at the Public good relations with the biological par- independent expert, says people who Defender’s Offi ce, says brothers and ents of the children,” says Ia Metreveli, think that SOS Kinderdorf is institu- sisters sometimes have no other living SOS senior teacher. tion, are mistaken. “In 132 countries relatives, so parting them would not Half of the 150 young people who in the world SOS Kinderdorf’s work is be fair. grew up in SOS Village over the past assessed as family based care. Among Disabled children are not admit- 12 years, study at universities (3 en- them are developed countries like the ted to the village. “Our goal is to in- tered this year, 4 last year). Th ere have USA, Canada and Austria,” says Nino tegrate the children into society,” says been only two criminal convictions Partskhaladze. Ia Metreveli, senior teacher at the SOS amongst the group. SOS Kinderdorf International in Children’s Village. “We don’t take dis- Th ese 150 youngsters, who have Georgia has large ambitions. Accord- abled children because we don’t have been integrated into society, repre- ing to their action plan, by 2016 the facilities for them. What we should do sent only three percent of the 5,200 organization hopes to take care of all with them when the program ends, abandoned and vulnerable children of of the 5,200 abandoned and vulner- they become 23, and we drop them in Georgia, many of whom earn a living able children in Georgia. the street?” begging in the streets. Eighteen-year-old Tiko Piranish- Andro Dadiani, Country Direc- Andro Dadiani, Country Director vili is pleased that she’s about to take tor of Every Child, admits that caring of Every Child, blames this on lack of independent steps into the outside for disabled children needs a large family care. A single teacher at an or- world as she enters SOS Leaving Care, amount of resources and facilities. phanage just can’t handle 15 children. but she’s also glad of the fact that she Georgia seems unable to cope with Th ey go onto the street and start earn- has a place to call home, and she hopes disabled children at the present time. ing money. He thinks the best cure every child will have one too. 6 CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT BSJ Epidural Anesthesia Causes Uneasy Reactions Are benefits worth the risk? Ketevan APTSIAURI Epidural anesthesia is injected into the lower back, in the area surrounding Despite twelve years of experience in the patient’s spine. It causes a woman using epidural anesthesia to prevent to lose feeling in the lower half of the body. pain during childbirth in Georgia, Irakli Gelagutashvili has worked as this procedure is still controversial an anesthesiologist for 30 years. Dur- among doctors and patients. ing his recent years at Chachava Scien- tifi c Research Institute of Obstetrics- Arguments exist as to its safety and Gynecology, and at the Hera Maternity utility. According to Davit Gagua, the House, the number of women who gynecologist who introduced epidurals want to use epidural anesthesia is in- in Georgia, the anesthetic has a proven creasing. At Chachava Institute, 10-15 track record. “From 1996, more than percent of all pregnant women choose 1,300 women delivered their children epidural anesthesia, the fi gures are in my hospital and 60-70 percent of even higher at Hera. Th e cost fl uctu- them had epidural anesthesia.” ates, but generally it’s about US $100 Gagua, the Chief Doctor of Tbilisi’s for the injection. Orioni Maternity Hospital, is known According to Gelagutashvili, side as an advocate of epidural anesthesia eff ects of epidural anesthesia have not in Georgia, while many gynecologists been recorded so far during his medi- and anesthesiologists are still argu- cal practice. All types of anesthesia photo by Temo Bardzimashvili ing about it. One of the claims about carry some risk. Risks from any type relief, auto training, and thus be much are not so eff ective as epidural, but thesia is a safe method, but anyway,” epidural anesthesia is that after labor, of anesthesia include allergic reaction more prepared for natural delivery. help pregnant woman stand the pain, she says, “I’d rather do without.” women’s legs remain numb. Gagua to the medicines used and breathing “We can numb delivery pain, but which is normal.” Tata Matikashvili, 23, a journalist, says that the women should not be problems. Risks from regional anes- for what?” says Antelava. “We have to Dr Punnet Bedi, consultant obste- has already delivered her fi rst child by afraid of it. “Epidural anesthesia is the thesia include long-term damage and explain to the pregnant woman that trician and gynecologist at Indrapr- the epidural anesthesia. “I have a fear of safest method of painless delivery, but temporary weakness or paralyses in the delivery with the epidural anes- astha Apillo Hospital in New Delhi, any pain, and when doctors explained as any other medication, it has side ef- the area that received the anesthesia. thesia is already pathologic childbirth; said that the epidural signifi cantly re- epidural anesthesia to me, I decided to fects.” Tamar Antelava, a gynecologist at that it may slow down labor and in- duces labor pains in about 70 percent use this method without hesitation,” Anesthesia prevents pain during the Chachava Institute, thinks that crease the odds for caesarian sections. of women. “Painless delivery is a myth, she said. She was attentive during the surgery. Th ere are three main types of the best method of delivery is natural Some medical research shows that the though in most cases the pain is re- labor and had no symptoms after the anesthesia: local, regional and general. childbirth. She says that women can re- medication that is used in epidural duced signifi cantly,” explains Dr Bedi. childbirth. “My son and I feel ourselves Local anesthesia numbs only part of ceive appropriate knowledge and skills anesthesia remains in the baby’s body Th ere are diff erent attitudes and very healthy and happy,” she added. the body. Regional anesthesia numbs from diff erent literature or at training and causes longer-term problems in opinions about painless delivery “Th e safest way to make a good a large area, such as an entire arm, leg courses for pregnant women. Th ey can the development of the infant’s respi- among pregnant women themselves. decision is to have full information or the entire lower half of the body. receive both theoretical and practical ratory system,” she adds. “Th ere are Ana Bakhia, 21, is in the sixth month about every case, especially when we Epidural and spinal anesthesia are two information: learn system of breathing many non-medical methods of pain of her fi rst pregnancy. “I prefer natural are talking about a mother’s and child’s common types of regional anesthesia. gymnastics, various methods of pain relief,” says Antelava, adding, “yes, they childbirth. I know that epidural anes- life,” suggested Dr. Gelagutashvili Vaccine Troubles Scarce information leads to low turnout Ia GAVASHELI bella, she says nine people died from expect to see in between fi ve and fi f- November 2nd should have seen these preventable diseases. teen percent of those vaccinated. the end of a mass immunization UNICEF supported the campaign Doctor and immunologist Diana campaign. The plan was for every- by supplying vaccines, cold storage Lashkhia led the immunization cam- and safe containers for the vaccine, paign at children’s polyclinic #20. She one between the ages of 6 and 27 and led communication and social had four teams working on the cam- to be immunized against measles mobilization eff orts to inform society paign, and insists that all of the vac- and rubella. Posters on the walls about the campaign. “In total 1,922 cine was stored safely. She says all the of Tbilisi polyclinics warned people vaccination centers and mobile immu- side eff ects were routine. “3,000 were nization teams were set up and 4,000 immunized in this polyclinic. Th ere that vaccination was the only way to skilled immunization workers were were some mild cases of post-vaccine avoid these viruses. “Vaccine is safe, re-trained for the campaign, a million complications, one child was taken vaccination is free”, they stated. Un- doses of measles and rubella vaccines to hospital for two hours,” said Diana about other children becoming sick, I doubt of the security of this vaccina- have been purchased and delivered all Lashkhia. changed my mind. I think vaccinations tion,” he announced. fortunately, not everyone agreed. across the country,” the UNICEF web- Tamar Ugulava of UNICEF also are important for children, but I am Mass immunization campaigns are site says. blames the media. “Negative informa- not sure of the safety of this specifi c only considered successful when 95 Tamar Manjavidze is the public re- Vaccination started on October 20. tion on the television caused panic in vaccine and I could not risk exposing percent of the target group has been lations offi cer of the Ministry of Labor, Th e target group consisted of 1,200,000 the population. Believe me, not a single my children’s health to danger. vaccinated. Th is campaign has fallen Health and Social Aff airs. She explains people, and in three days 18 percent child needed intensive care, only mild Paata Imnadze, the director of the far short of the goal. that the mass immunization campaign of total amount were vaccinated, but symptoms were appearing,” she said. National Centre of Disease Control, “In Tbilisi we have 15 percent cov- aimed at covering the entire country, while by the end of October this num- Teona Korchilava, vaccinated both claims this vaccine is used in almost erage, and this low turnout is seen and that it was part of an internation- ber grew only to 31 percent. her children. Afterwards, her 15-year- every country of Europe, in central in other big cities as well. But in the ally planned campaign taking place Th e Ministry of Health says this old son Giga became ill. Although it Asian countries and in Armenia and provinces, for example in Samtskhe- across the world. “If we are a part of low take-up rate is due to the media. was not necessary for him to be hos- Azerbaijan, but problems only arose Javakheti, in Khulo district in Adjara, Europe we must settle the questions A couple of days after the vaccinations pitalized, he was confi ned to his bed in Georgia and in Ukraine. “One man Tsalenjikha and Martvili districts in of health in the same way as Europe”, began, national television ran stories with a strong headache and high tem- died in Ukraine during vaccination, Samegrelo, almost hundred percent of she said. about children who had become ill perature for three days. “I was very and this caused panic, but according the target group was vaccinated,” de- UNICEF was one of the campaign’s after having the vaccine administered, scared, Giga was so weak. Th e doc- to the diagnosis of every international clared Imnadze. According to his fi g- supporting organizations. According often blaming the incident on the sup- tor told us that it was normal in some expert, his death was not connected to ures, approximately 46 percent of the to Tamar Ugulava, head of UNICEF’s posedly low-quality serum, which was cases after the injection, but it was not the vaccination. As for Georgia, about total was vaccinated across Georgia. health programs, the Georgian gov- manufactured in India. Th e Ministry’s much comfort. I have vaccinated all my 350 people fainted, that’s all,” he said. Th e immunization campaign ernment, World Health Organization, press offi cer Manjavidze says this in- children and nothing like this has ever On November 18, Imnadze vac- should have fi nished on November UNICEF and the Georgian Red Cross formation was misleading, she says all happened before,” said Korchilava. cinated his children publicly, to try to 2, but the low turnout ment it would signed a memorandum, under which of the symptoms reported, including Nino Sikharulidze didn’t vaccinate persuade people of the safety of the continue. Anyone wanting to avoid Georgia joined European countries in giddiness, trembling and headaches, her children. “I was going to immunize vaccine. “Naturally I would not do measles or rubella can be vaccinated an eff ort to eradicate measles and ru- are normal, mild side eff ects, that you them, but after I heard information something like that if I had even a little free of charge on an ongoing basis. BSJ CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT 7

born premature, she spent one month Costs of Childbirth with them at the hospital. “It cost us almost 1,400 lari (US $ 1,000) as the (Continued from page one) Ambroliani says that she was taking babies needed special treatment and Jafarova’s mother is a school teach- care of 100-120 children every month medicines,” recollects Dr. Jashi. er and makes GEL 200 (US $ 140) per a decade ago, while now the number Clinical Director Dr. Bakradze says month. Her father works at a Turkish decreased to 52. costs of delivery at St. Jacobs and St. company, and his earnings depend on Dr. Ambroliani thinks that eco- Anna Maternity Hospital vary from day-work. Sara estimates the total in- nomic situation is now better than 10 450 to 910 lari (US $ 320-650). come of the family of four as not more years ago, and insurance policies help However, Dr. Bakradze says that than GEL 800 (US $ 570) per month. a lot young parents, but: “Th e main a woman may deliver a child for free “We need at least 10 lari (US $ 7) every reason why the birth rate decreases if she applies to participate in State week only for baby diapers for my son,” every month is young people’s atti- Program of Maternity Protection. In she says. tude towards family. Th ey prefer liv- this case, all expenses connected with Th e expenditures of a family with ing separately, and it makes life very pregnancy and delivery of a child will a newborn child go beyond the costs diffi cult for a young family to earn be covered from the state budget. Dr. of delivery itself. A child needs a bed, enough money to have more than two Bakradze says the Program applies to bath, pram, clothes, diapers, bottles, children.” all women. To be eligible for this Pro- toys, cream, powder, and many other gram, a woman needs to get registered things. Jafarova says it costs from GEL in her district. At the same time, any 560 to 700 (US $ 400-500) to buy the We need at least woman, regardless of her income, may most necessary things. “It may cost apply to the maternity welfare center even more if you buy more expensive 10 lari every week for a free delivery, paid by the State things, but 560 lari (US $ 400) is a min- Program. imum,” she says. Jafarova remembers only for diapers In this case, the state pays to the her parents paid GEL 140 (US $ 100) hospital GEL 200 (US $ 140) to cover for a pram for her fi rst son. Ambroliani says that government the delivery expenditures. But being a Mzia Ambroliani, a pediatrician does its best to help young families. the pediatrician also agrees that the trician-gynecologist, has worked at St. participant of the Program, a woman who has worked in Tbilisi clinics for 38 Th e children under three can make high price for diapers and baby food Jacobs and St. Anna Hospital for 16 has no opportunity to choose a doctor, years, says that situation has changed vaccination for free. Th ere are also aff ects the birth rate in the country. years. Six years ago, Dr. Jashi delivered and she sacrifi ces some comforts of a a lot for the last 10 years. Pediatrician some free medicines for children. But Sophia Jashi, a 38-year-old obste- her twins here. But as the twins were privately fi nanced delivery. Cigarettes – Friends and Killers

Marinka GHARIBASHVILI Healthcare and social issues commit- nonsmoking areas, but for about six places. “Sometimes we tee, Temur Toidze, says there’s just months it has been forbidden to smoke don’t have money for Anuka Tavartkiladze is a non-smok- no point for banning smoking every- in one of them till seven o’clock, we did drinks, and the cigarettes er; she is 24 years old, single, and where, because the public will protest this because in the evenings there are are our only friends, spends every weekend at night- and ignore the law “I know, people will many more smokers in our cafe than smoking and dancing is have lots of diff erent complaints: ‘Th ey nonsmokers, and clients used to ask us the best combination”, clubs. She frequents the music bar could not think of anything cleverer,’ to add seats for smokers.” says Tinano. “Kubik Rubik,” or Rubic’s Cube, on ‘It’s not time for it,’ ‘let us smoke’ and Nearby Donuts Cafe has two sec- “However, there Baratashvili Avenue. so on. Th at’s why I argue that Georgian tions for smokers and one for non- should be places for non- society is not ready for a total ban at smokers. “We have many foreign smokers in bars, people Every night when she returns this time. Th ere should be tables for customers, also children, and that’s are hurt because of us, I home, her clothes are saturated with smokers and nonsmokers in every bar, why our cafe has a large nonsmoking know,” adds Anka. the smell of the bar — her coat, her cafe or restaurant,” says Toidze. section, but smokers do not like this “Smokers have their rights trousers, even her underwear smell Tobacco Control Alliance in Geor- place, and when there are only seats for ,but they face larger ones — non- unmistakably of cigarettes. gia is working on the draft law together nonsmokers they regret eating our do- smokers’ rights,” declares committee Th e Parliamentary Healthcare and with Toidze’s committee. Deputy chief nuts and leave our cafe”, says waitress chairman Toidze. Government, he the metro patrol. Controller of metro social issues committee is now work- of the alliance, Giorgi Magradze, says Ia Inasaridze. However, she thinks that says, has to defend the rights and the station Delisi2, Marina Razmadze says ing on a draft law about tobacco con- that according to international stan- even if the whole place were smoke health of people who do not smoke, they do not permit smoking, but don’t trol in Georgia. Th e draft law suggests dards, smoking areas should be sepa- free, people would still come “people but at the same time, he says, he is fi ne those who do light up in the sta- limiting smoking in every public place, rated from non smoking areas, and love donuts too much: they will come not sure that this law will work. “I do tion. One metro patrol offi cer, who including bars, restaurants and discos not visible from outside. “We are try- and endure”. not know who will control smoking refused to be identifi ed, tells a similar more strictly. It’s already been ap- ing to achieve international standards Natia Bukia and Giorgi Ortoidze in bars and clubs, maybe the owners tale. “Th ere are no fi nes, only warn- proved by parliament in its fi rst hear- with this law. It does not make sense to are the owners of Kubik Rubik. It is themselves. Th ere are some adminis- ings,” he said. ing, and if it is approved at the second put smoking and nonsmoking tables permitted to smoke everywhere in the trative fi nes for smoking on transport, Th e second hearing of the draft-law and third hearings it will come into together, the smoke will still harm establishment. Th ere are two other at the metro station and so on, but no is planned in December, and it will force. Similar legislation has already nonsmokers, we are trying to make owners of the bar, and all four of them one controls them, I think in this case come to force starting next year, after been passed in several European coun- changes in the draft law, but there is are heavy smokers, like almost all their it will be the same”. the third hearing, ushering in a new tries in recent years. a serious problem because the govern- clients. Th at’s one of the reasons pa- “Th e Patrol Police should control era for both smokers and nonsmokers From January 1st of 2008, cigarettes ment is being lobbied by industry and trons go home with a certain aroma. the issue,” says Magradze, representa- in Georgia. are forbidden in every public place, in- does not want to tighten the law about “I would not be happy if smoking tive of the Tobacco control Alliance in Th e Tobacco Control Alliance says cluding restaurants, bars and discos in tobacco control,” he says. is restricted in bars in Georgia. We Georgia. “Th e control system should their research shows that the regula- France. In England smoking has been Committee chairman Toidze says do not have enough space to separate be organized like the system of traffi c tions will be a success. Despite fears prohibited in all work places since July control. Today, if the Patrol Police gives of protests from heavy-smoking Ital- 2007; in Spain — from January, 2006; a fi ne for smoking, the person who has ians, café and bar owners there are de- and since January 2005 smoking has Smokers have their rights, but they been fi ned must go to court, and it is lighted, claiming patrons eat and drink been banned from cafes, bars and very long process, only the will of gov- much more without a cigarette in their metro stations. face larger ones — nonsmokers’ rights ernment will solve the problem”. hands. And in France, the nation that Smoking in Georgia is already According to the Administrative gave the world Gauloise, the smoking banned in public buildings, in institu- that any tobacco control legislation a smoking area, I think if they did re- Violations Code of Georgia, those who ban has led to a whole new means of tions of education and healthcare, on must not hurt business. “We can total- strict smoking, we’d have to forbid it in smoke on public transport should be communication: smokers huddling in public transport and at cafes where it ly prohibit smoking in Georgia, every- the whole space, and it would seriously fi ned fi ve lari, for a second violation, doorways are now getting to know one is forbidden to sell alcohol, such as Mc body will be healthy, but the economy harm our business”, says Bukia while GEL 50. Meanwhile, the administra- another. Who knows how many Pa- Donald’s. would be harmed seriously, the to- lighting another cigarette. tion of the public transport service risien romances have started like this: If the new law is passed, buildings bacco business brings a huge amount According to data from the Tobac- will be fi ned GEL 200. All this is the — It’s pretty cold here open to the public will have to have of money into the country’s budget,” co Control Alliance, there are almost responsibility of the Patrol Police, — Yeah, I’m freezing smoking areas, which cannot be larger he says. two million smokers in Georgia, some but policemen Dato Abramidze says — My name is Francois than 50 % of the whole space. Some cafes in Tbilisi have already of whom are dancing and smoking in he has never fi ned a smoker. “We are — I’m Chantalle, nice to meet you Th e draft law is still in the process tried to separate smoking and non- this bar today. patrolling in cars, we never travel on here of development, and it has not been smoking areas. Tinano Javakhishvili and Anka buses or in mini buses, and therefore — You don’t have a spare cigarette, decided whether smoking areas will Manager of the Vake hangout Cafe Jgenti oppose banning smoking we have never encountered smoking do you?.. be in a central hall, or if they must be COFFEE GE, Lika Chlaidze says: “We in bars, and clubs, as they spend on public transport.” Perhaps, the same will happen in physically separated. Chairman of the have four rooms, and two of them are almost every evening in such As for the metro, it is controlled by Georgia. 8 CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT BSJ Unmet Needs of Autistic Youth Rising Number of Autistic Children In Georgia Lack Treatment

Eka CHITANAVA ganization, on average one out of hun- such as treatment of these children or dred children in the world is autistic. forming special centers for them.” Five-year-old Nika never speaks. On the basis of this data there are an Maisuradze said she made frantic When he is hungry he holds his estimated 900-1,300 autistic children calls, not knowing where to go, when mother’s hand and takes her into in Georgia. her son Nika was diagnosed with au- “Nowadays in Georgia we have tism. Doctors concluded that he con- the kitchen, pointing to the food he no capacity to diagnose autism,” said tracted the disease on the basis of a would like to eat. Nana Tatishvili, the head of Georgia’s metabolic disorder. Later Maisuradze Lachkebiani Association for Neurolo- discovered that there were no special gists and Neurosurgeons, “mostly doc- clinics or treatment centers for chil- In kindergarten, Nika likes turn- tors are like fortunetellers; they have dren like Nika. ing round objects and playing with only doubts and no information about A year ago she visited La Maison puzzles. Sometimes he avoids eye con- such kind of disorders.” Verte in Tbilisi, the so-called Green tact and hides his blue eyes behind his She stressed the signifi cance of House, a French NGO that operates raised elbow. early detection of the disease for treat- on the basis of psychoanalytical school Nika is autistic. ment. “When a child is already grown founded by Françoise Dolto. It’s a kin- Eka Maisuradze, 40, Nika’s mother, up with various impairments and can’t dergarten for emotionally disturbed is a biologist by profession, and she communicate or go to school, only af- children ages one to four, intended sensed something was wrong with her terwards do therapists label the disor- to prepare them for their pre-school son. She went into a period of mourn- der ‘autism’,” Tatishvili said. period. Th ere are approximately 30 ing when doctors diagnosed her Th e therapists involved in the pro- children enrolled, with various mental three-year-old son with autism. gram have obtained screening tests disorders, including ten with autism. “I felt I’d completely lost my son,” that are necessary to spot particular Marina Tarasashvili, the head of La Maisuradze said, “he quit talking with impairments. Th ose might be speech Maison Verte in Tbilisi, said that par- us and started watching TV commer- or other mental health problems. ents here can talk to psychologists and cials and musical clips all day long, Selected children with doubts about explain symptoms they observe in their alienated from his environment. He autistic spectrum disorders are due to children’s behavior. “Children come didn’t play with me, his father or with undergo further checking for fi nal di- here diagnosed with autism but some his peers.” agnosis. Th ere are two kinds of tests of them aren’t autistic at all,” she said, Th ere are no statistics on how many used at the fi nal stage that are adopted “as there are no methods of screening autistic children live in Georgia, nor in worldwide practice: diagnostic in- this disease. We have a common ap- are there special centers where par- terviews and diagnostic observations. proach to involve children into com- ents can get a diagnosis or treatment Th ese are questionnaires for children munication process by playing games for their children. made up by psychiatrists and neurolo- with them, talking and teaching.” In 2008, the Georgian A. Lachkebi- gists. Tarasashvili and other two psy- ani Association of Child Neurologists “For our primary stage, that is all chologists teach children how to build and Neurosurgeons obtained a grant we can do,” Tatishvili said, “scientists towers with multiple play-cubes and identify subjects by pictures. “Th is is a ball,” Tarasashvili showed Everybody agrees that these children a paper-replica of a ball. She asked Nika to bring the same subject of a dif- are ill, they need special treatment and ferent size on recent May afternoon. photos by Eka Chitanava Nika wheeled around and rushed ea- dren are ill,” she said, “they need spe- other room, where children together special treatment is special education gerly towards a shelf cluttered with a cial education.” with psychologists, gingerly build up heap of toys. Nana Tatishvili doesn’t agree with towers with cubes and learn language of GEL 100,000 ($ 69,000) from the involved in the project are going to “Some of them can’t talk but they the treatment methodology that La skills at their own pace. government for two-year program to screen 3,000 children in two Tbilisi speak through their body language,” Maison Verte pursues. She says it is Taduli Kekenadze, the head of NGO research the diagnostic and epidemio- districts, Dighomi and Vake and cal- Tarasashvili said. “Th ey look like not comprehensive, because this dis- said Nika developed many imitative logical issues associated with autism culate the percentage of children with plants. Th ey breathe, get nutrition, ease requires many specialists includ- skills since he had come to kindergar- in Georgia. Th e program includes pur- autistic disorders.” but don’t respond. One can only guess ing neurologists, psychoanalysts, psy- ten. He has made progress in identify- chasing psychological tools for identi- Th is research will enable therapists what they imply.” chiatrists, occupational therapists and ing shapes by using three-dimensional fi cation and detection of autism’s spec- to diagnose autism in children, and to Tarasashvili added the Green House speech therapists. Th e resources avail- objects. Th e kindergarten pursues an trum of disorders. get statistics of how many autistic chil- isn’t enough for autistic children. able are insuffi cient. inclusive method of learning. At the Autism is a life-long brain disorder dren need to get treatment. Claude Bovkobza, a child psy- Apart from La Maison Verte, there end of the day children join their peers that is normally diagnosed in early Maia Gabunia, the general secre- chologist and the president of Espace is the Child And Environment Kinder- from a regular kindergarten, which is childhood. People with autism have tary of the Lachkebiani Association, Analytique (French school of psycho- garten, an NGO sponsored by UNI- located in the same building. diffi culties communicating and form- said the number of autistic children analysts), during her recent fi ve-day CEF (the United Nations Children’s However, parents of autistic chil- ing relationships. Th e syndrome is revealed in Tbilisi couldn’t necessar- visit to Georgia, compared the situa- Fund) and World Vision, an interna- dren say they face the problem of characterized by repetitive behaviors. ily be generalized to other regions of tion here with France in terms of au- tional Christian relief and develop- stigma. “Generally families in Georgia Individuals with autism vary in their Georgia as well. However, in the wake tism detection and treatment. ment organization. Its a kindergarten tend to hide if they have such kind of functional abilities: from those with of the research there are supposed to “We complain that we haven’t for disabled children with various problems because they are stigmatized no speech and limited cognitive ability be screening tests in each region. But enough places for autistic children,” mental health problems. from society, Maisuradze said. Doctors to those of high IQ and highly focused fi nal diagnostic screening should be she said, “but we have many designated Th ere are two rooms in the kin- say socializing with regular children is interests and abilities. preferably taken at M. Iashvili Child schools, with a specialized teacher and dergarten. Th e walls are decorated crucial so that children like Nika can Th e causes of autistic spectrum dis- Central Hospital. a head of the school who is a trained with drawings and paintings made by develop imitative skills, and become orders are unknown and hotly debat- “Th is research is essential because psychoanalyst.” Money is allocated by children. Th ere is special equipment: better able to communicate. ed. Some experts believe that genetics after its completion, we can get an the French State, through social insur- a wheelchair, triangles, cubes, rectan- “No one can be sure that his or her are a component, making a child pre- actual number of autistic children, so ance. As Bovkobza said, there are also gles, balls of diff erent colors are scat- children won’t have such kind of dis- disposed to autism or responsive to an that our government will confront the separate kindergartens exclusively for tered on crimson carpet. Th is room order,” Maisuradze said, “as for me, environmental trigger. obvious problem. But until it has been autistic children. is used mostly for morning exercises. I have never thought that my child According to the World Health Or- done we can’t talk about further steps, “Everybody agrees that these chil- Ten desks stand in the center of an- would have it.”

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The Caucasus School of Journalism and Media Management - the first western-style graduate school of journalism in the Caucasus z Master’s degree programs in journalism, media and communication management z Classes taught by Georgian, American and French journalism professionals z International student body z Proven record of employment z www.gipa.ge BSJ CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT 9

a personal relationship because people hard to get journalists to talk about More than Just Journalism have needs on both sides of a rela- their own PTSD or to acknowledge tionship.” their own post-traumatic stress.” But Mckiernan was in Iraq for ABC sometimes their mental state gets to On the verge of consciousness News in 2003 and in 2004. After he the point that is so bad that it affects Rusudan PANOZISHVILI went the second time, he says, he beca- their work. They go to see a thera- Tsira GVASALIA me more adjusted to the distressing pist.” scenes he witnessed in the war. But The Dart Center is an American he says he is still vulnerable to human organization, which collaborates Journalist Margarita Akhvlediani tragedies and contradicts the idea that with journalists who cover conflicts heard how the Ossetian soldier the journalists are beyond shocks, that and other traumatic situations. They they “can see loss, death, suffering, send teams to newsrooms, and help cocked the gun against her fore- wounds, widows, orphans, families Journalists handle PTSD and instruct head. He held the gun there for 15 blown up, buildings destroyed, piles of them how to cover traumatic events minutes. fresh skulls on the ground, and we can and how to talk to victims. Journalist look at all them and we can just say for the Georgian newspaper Rezonansi “His eyes were gray blue, the same well, it’s just a way of life,” Mckiernan Tamta Karchava has experienced this color as the gun,” Akhvlediani says, “I says, adding, that indeed, it is “some- first hand: not only has she had to talk still cannot understand why he didn’t thing that tells you that it is the awful, to the victims of war when covering just kill me.” awful world that we live in. I am still conflicts, but she has also been a vic- Akhvlediani, who has covered con- affected by seeing people killed.” tim herself. flicts for 15 years, says she was not Mckiernan turned to a psychologist Sixteen years ago Karchava fled afraid at the time. But now, months to help him recover from PTSD, and from the bombardment of her nati- later, that gun reappears in her life is now in a good mental health. But ve city of Sokhumi, in breakaway once in a while. 22-year-old Temo Kighuradze does Abkhazia. She was 14 years old then. “I may have a very usual dream, not think he needs a psychologist. He Stepping over dead bodies on the that I’m sitting in my office, writing saw his two fellow journalists killed road, she was lucky to escape the an article and suddenly this gun is by his side when they were trying to shelling. Her two brothers died in the gazing at my forehead,” Akhvlediani escape the bullets of Ossetian troops. Abkhazian war, and Karchava’s chil- says, “sometimes when I lean over to They were covering Georgian-Russian dhood trauma surfaced again during throw a piece of paper into the trash conflict, and trying to enter the town the war this August. Her experiences can, from there a gun is ‘looking’ at of Tskhinvali, the South Ossetian have left her with two lasting phobias: me.” separatist capital. Entering Tskhinvali, crossing bridges and hearing planes. Dreaming of past negative events Kighuradze, who was covering the “As soon as it gets dark, I become is one of the symptoms of the Post conflict for the Georgian newspaper scared that someone will come and Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. The Messenger, and his friends appro- shoot me,” Karchava says, “that’s why Other symptoms include hypersensi- ached one block post and said “Hello” our security man sees me off every tivity and phobias relating to negative to the soldiers there in Georgian. But evening.” For her, car engines seem to experiences connected to the trau- they had mistaken separatist fighters resemble the sound of a plan. “When I matic incident. Commonly, PTSD for Georgian troops, who immediately cross bridges, I have the feeling that it affects people who have lived through began to shoot. As Kighuradze recalls, might explode,” Karchava adds. a war or conflict, natural disasters it all happened in about ten seconds, Journalists like Akhvlediani and or violence. It changes one’s life, says then “Giga Chikhladze was the first to Karchava both think that they have Jana Javakhishvili, a psychologist for tion without warning. The separatist ning home had difficulties readjus- die; he got a bullet right in his heart. suffered from the effects of Post the non-governmental organization soldiers held them at gunpoint for 15 ting to normal life. However it can Sasha Klimchuk had a bullet in his Traumatic Stress Disorder. But althou- Global Initiative of Psychiatry (GIP). minutes before taking the car and the affect anyone who has undergone a heart and limbs. He was lying one gh they acknowledge this, they have “A traumatic event must exist to camera. Despite the life-threatening traumatic experience, and journalists meter in front of me. When I got shot, not sought any professional help. develop this syndrome,” Javakhishvili experience, Japaridze does not regret covering wars and conflicts are at risk. I fell down and lay on the ground. The Temo Kighuradze, despite having says, adding, “the traumatic event is his decision to go to the conflict area Kevin Mackiernan, an American jour- Ossetians came and beat us and took undergone an immensely traumatic something unexpected, that interferes with his wife; on the contrary, he says nalist, has covered Iraqi war exten- us for questioning.” event, says is not experiencing any with a person’s life, is very intensive, it has benefited their relationship. sively. He says that upon his return he After that the soldiers took difficulties. In fact, according to GIP threatens it, and not only changes the “I do respect her more,” Japaridze found he couldn’t do ordinary things Kighuradze and his colleague, The psychologist Jana Javakhishvili, not a way of living but also one’s perception says, “I’m not sorry it happened, with his family. After coming home, Messenger’s editor, American citizen single Georgian journalist interviewed of the world, and even oneself.” it made us closer. She is doing all Mckiernan needed time to realize that Winston Featherly, to a hospital in here, has approached for help with The incident with the Ossetian right I guess. I hope she is telling me he was suffering from posttraumatic Tskhinvali, and then to Vladikavkaz, PTSD, or related disorders. Soldiers caused a sense of remorse for everything she is feeling. I do not stress, and that it was caused by his in the Russian Federation, where they “It is partly because going to Akhvlediani, as she recalls. She trave- spent about two weeks. Months after psychologist is stigmatized: they say led to the conflict with her husband, the incident, Kighuradze says he’s not to themselves ‘only crazy people go to 46-year-old doctor Sergo Japaridze. I still don’t remember why he did suffering from PTSD, and has not psychologists,’” Javakhishvili says. “It was awful… for me it was ok, sought professional help. Even so, he However, there are signs things because I was on assignment, but what not kill me. It was normal from logical admits that certain things have chan- might be changing. On October 17th about my husband?” she says, “they ged about him. and 18th Tbilisi hosted a conferen- might kill us both. He had nothing to point of view. He had green blue eyes, “When I was a kid, I liked weapons ce concerning psychological trauma. do with that.” as maybe all boys like playing a lot Along with Jana Javikhishvili and Akhvlediani and her husband were the same color as the gun of weapons,” Kighuradze says, adding her colleagues from Global Initiative on holiday on the coast when war that now he cannot understand a lot of Psychiatry, journalists Temo broke out in August, and she was sent think that it will ever go completely time covering the war in Iraq. of his friends talking enthusiastically Kighuradze, Margarita Akhvlediani to Gori — at the center of the conflict. and it has been two months. Let’s talk “I did not want to go to the movies; about weapons. and Kevin Mckiernan participated. Akhvlediani had to write a story about in a year. This kind of situation is too I did not want to go to parties,” Not acknowledging PTSD is com- Jana Javakhishvilin hopes such kind of the war for American newspaper The difficult to handle and to completely Mckiernan says, “why go to the movies mon among journalists all over the conferences will help circulate expe- Nation. She and her husband were forget or to completely put aside.” and watch silliness when I had seen world, as Dart Center journalist riences among journalists and psycho- about 20 miles from Gori when they PTSD was first diagnosed after the real things? I became somewhat anti- Arnessa Garrett says. logists that can be helpful for the both saw soldiers shooting in their direc- Vietnam War, when soldiers retur- social I think. I think it is very hard in According to Garrett, it is very sides.

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catch the right wave 10 CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT BSJ GM Food Challenges Regulators Seymur KAZIMOV ary 2008 Georgia still had not ratifi ed Georgia does not grow genetically Cartagena Protocol. In 2006 it was twice presented to the Parliament, but modified food, but consumers re- did not pass either time. “Th is ratifi ca- ceive products with genetically tion plays very important role to pro- changed structures from the out- tect biosafety and people. Th e buyers should know what kind of food they side of the country. are buying,” said Magradze. Generally these products are im- Labeling of GM foods and prod- ported from the the USA, Argentina, ucts is also a controversial issue. On Canada, China, France, Brazil, Spain, the whole, agribusiness industries be- as well as Ukraine and Russia. lieve that labeling should be voluntary Th e Green Movement of Georgia, and infl uenced by the demands of the established in 1989, monitors geneti- free market. If consumers show pref- cally modifi ed (GM) products. Ac- erence for labeled foods over non-la- cording to Giorgi Magradze, chief of beled foods, then industry will have the Green Movement of Georgia, to- the incentive to regulate itself. day in Georgia there is no legislation According to Lia Zhorzholiani, a related to regulation of GM products. therapist, it should be written on the Th e only document is the decree of products whether they are genetically Parliament of Georgia prohibiting the modifi ed or not. GM products grow import and cultivation of GM potatos very fast, look attractive, but have no in Georgia, adopted in 1997. taste and contain substances with free “In this situation, when there is no radicals that might cause cancer, al- legislation to control GM products lergy reaction, immune reaction, liver and the government does not under- and lung disease. take any steps to resolve the problem, Magrazde said, there are no ways the unique biodiversity of the country of fi nding out the ingredients of prod- and interest of the consumers become Some members of parliament think fi ed or not. Without the law, export In 1994 Georgia signed the Con- ucts in Georgia. Th e Greens of Geor- especially vulnerable,” said Magradze. that Georgia should declare a ban and import of food is unregulated in vention on Biological Diversity. By gia occasionally check diff erent prod- Nia Giuashvili, the Senior Spe- on GM food as in Europe’s case; oth- Georgia. Th ere is no control on GM 2005 Georgia should have prepared ucts and send samples for analyses cialist who deals with health issues ers feel that it would be impossible to products,” Giuashvili said. None of for ratifi cation of Cartagena Protocol in laboratories of Germany. “But we within the Department at the Minis- regulate. the laws which the Green Party has on Biosafety, an addition to the Con- cannot aff ord it very often. It is very try of Labor, Health and Social Aff airs, “All products should be labeled helped to draft have been adopted by vention aimed at regulation of GM expensive. In this case government mentioned that there is no consensus. whether they are genetically modi- Parliament yet. food world-wide. However, by Febru- should support us,” he said. Georgians Buy More Online Natalie NOZADZE Victoria’s Secret. I am so taken with money, cash on delivery, check, postal 45-year-old Maia Zhgenti. climber David Chantladze uses inter- internet shopping that I can’t stop,” orders and so on. Some Internet shops, such as Vic- net shopping for his professional gear: Three weeks ago, strolling down on said 32-year-old journalist Keti Ni- George Bekarashvili founded toria’s Secret and Urban Original, have “I think it is very convenient. Ten Chavchavadze Avenue 26-year-old zharadze. Luckyshop.GE in March of 2008. It their own representations in Tbilisi. years ago I couldn’t have imagined football player Irakli Sikharulidze Nineteen-year-old singer Gvanca is a mediator site between Georgian A consumer visits the website and that I could buy mountain climbing Zakareishvili uses Amazon very often. consumers and American Internet chooses an item, the cost plus ship- equipment over the internet.” noticed a nice coat in a shop win- But while she buys clothes over inter- shops. With the help of this website ping is automatically charged onto the One of the hardest areas to deal dow. net, she doesn’t risk buying shoes. you can buy anything online, even customer’s credit card, and then a rep- with in online shopping is the delivery “It’s hard to buy shoes only by see- without a bank account or credit resentative delivers the parcel within of the products. Most companies off er Entering the shop, he found out ing a photo. Once I did, and I received card. two weeks to the customer’s address. shipping insurance in case the prod- that the Calvin Klein coat coast a a pair of lovely pumps, but I couldn’t uct is lost or damaged; however, if the whopping $800. But just a few days wear them, because they were very buyer opts not to purchase insurance later, Sikharulidze found the same uncomfortable. I prefer to buy pull- While in Europe and America the on their products, they are not always coat on Zappos website for a much overs, t-shirts, dresses and accesso- most purchased items on the internet are lucky. lower price. ries,” she said. “I’ve been buying clothes online “I heard about internet shopping Every day millions of people all books, here in Georgia clothes, shoes and for years. A month ago I decided to from a friend. She told me that I could around the world buy diff erent goods buy beautiful dishes. When the par- fi nd many famous brands online, and without going to any physical store. accessories are in demand cel arrived, two plates were broken. I I started searching for Calvin Klein. Th is convenient service has been emailed a complaint to the company, When I found the same coat that I’d available since the early 1990s, when “Many users of internet shops think Shipping a small number of items, but they responded that my purchase seen in the shop, it was just $450, I was Charles Stack created the fi rst online that the procedure connected with especially from foreign country, is was not insured,” said 56-year-old pretty surprised,” said Sikharulidze. book store, Book Stacks Unlimited (in buying certain goods is very compli- more expensive than domestic one. Nana Mghebrishvili. He decided to buy coat straight 1992). cated. Th at’s why I created Luckyshop. “I paid $15 for pumps at Urban Some shipping companies will from the website, cutting out the mid- Internet shopping has become in- GE. All the customer has to do is to Original. As I bought only one pair, off er refunds or compensation for dleman. Two weeks later, and he re- creasingly popular in recent years. fi nd the thing that he wants to buy the shipping was $25, so it turned out damage, but it is up to their discre- ceived his coat, paying just $450, plus More than 85 percent of the world’s on a website, then come to our offi ce those pumps were actually cheaper tion. $63 for shipping. online population has used the in- and show me the item. Th e buyer pays than shipping. Next time my col- Online shopping is relatively novel ternet to buy something, increasing cash before arrival of the parcel. We leagues and I have decided to buy in Georgia. the market for online shopping by 40 take plus 14 percent of shipping per things together on one credit card. In Tbilisi, the trend took off just a percent in the past two years — ac- item for our service,” said George Bek- Eight of us bought 14 pairs of shoes, Shopping websites: couple of years ago. But while in Eu- cording to the latest Nielsen Global arashvili. this time shipping was $8 per pair of rope and America, the most purchased Online Survey on internet shopping 14 percent of shipping for one item shoes,” said 20-year-old Tamar Chant- www.zappos.com items on the internet are books, here habits cited by the Earth Times On- may seem a little expensive, but still, ladze. www.victoriassecret.com in Georgia clothes, shoes and accesso- line Newspaper. compared to the prices at stores in DJ Kakha Kekoshvili goes for inter- ries are in demand. Amazon, EBay, Zappos, Victoria’s Tbilisi, it’s often a bargain. net shopping for goods he can’t fi nd www.amazon.com “I became interested in internet Secret, Best Buy are the trendiest and “At online shops, clothes and shoes here. shopping two years ago. My friend some of the most visited online shops of famous brands, Armani, Hugo Boss “It’s almost impossible to buy a www.earthtimes.org lives in America, and she advised in the world. Christian Lacroix and Missoni, are modern tape-recorder of a good qual- me to visit the Victoria’s Secret web- Online shoppers commonly use expensive too, but in Tbilisi prices are ity in Tbilisi. Even if you fi nd one, it www.ebay.com site. At fi rst I was skeptical, I couldn’t credit cards to make payments, but really crazy. A year ago I bought an coasts ten times more than abroad, www.bestbuy.com imagine buying clothes or shoes with- there are other ways. Some systems Armani leather bag from an internet that’s why I prefer to buy equipment out trying them on. Today 80 percent enable users to create accounts and shop for $300, a few months ago I saw online,” he said. www.luckyshop.ge of my clothes and shoes are from pay by various types of electronic the same bag in Tbilisi, for $500,” said Fourty-three-year-old mountain- BSJ CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT 11 Disabled Take a Crack at Job Readiness But are employers ready to give them a fair shake? Irina VELSKA 65 lari (US $40) Natia ANASTASIADI tion and subways are also no go areas disability pension for the disabled of Georgia. “Without since October 2008 140,000 disabled citizens of Georgia primary and secondary education, have to live on GEL 65 per month. there is no chance to go on to higher education, and fewer chances to get a Underdeveloped infrastructure does job,” says Ionatamishvili. not allow them to get proper edu- But disabled people do want to cation and compete for jobs with an work. “Out of 10 disabled people I know personally, 11 want to work,” able-bodied population. Ionatamishvili quips. “No one wants to sit at home. It’s a tragedy Twenty-six-year-old Merab Du- for them.” But far from just being a kashvili lives with his parents and personal issue for the disabled, Ionat- 18-year-old sister in Samgori district amishvili says it is a tragedy for society in Tbilisi. In many ways he’s typical of at large, which “does not appreciate young men of his age: he listens to the potential of people with disabilities.” same music, writes hip-hop lyrics, has Natalia Sadradze is 27 years old. Beef 8 lari for 1 kg a girlfriend and is a sports fan. But Du- Like Merab Dukashidze, Sadradze is Chicken 10 lari kashvili is diff erent. He doesn’t work disabled: when she was 24, she was Bread 3.50 lari for 5 items or study. Except for rare occasions, he involved in a car accident and suff ered Oil 4 lari for 1 bottle spends his days at home, confi ned to a spinal trauma. Now, she too is only a wheelchair. able to move in a wheelchair. But un- Milk 6 lari for 2 liters When Dukashvili was in the 8th like Dukashvili, Sadradze is one of the Eggs 6 lari for 2 dozens grade, he started experiencing back small minority of disabled Georgians Sugar 1.50 for 1 kg pain. In June 1997, an operation was who live independently, and have performed on his spine, and since then found employment. She works as a Salt 1 lari for 1 pack he hasn’t been able to move without trainer for Coalition for Independent Tea bags 2 lari for 1 pack assistance. He never fi nished school Living, and as an assistant to the head Pasta 2 lari for 1 pack or attended university. Without a of the marketing department of the proper education, Dukashvili has no Public Register Agency, receiving and fi gures, the GEL 65 they provide is a Buckwheat 2 lari for 1 pack chance to get a job and earn money. answering telephone calls. Th is job mere 58 percent of the minimal sum Soft cheese 16 lari for 2 kg Now he has to live on disability allow- does not require being in the offi ce, so needed to support a person in today’s Soap and toothpaste 4 lari ance provided by the government, an Sadradze can work from home. Georgia. allowance that has just increased to Her total income is about GEL But Amiran Dateshidze, a chief GEL 65 a month, or about $40. 1,100 ($670) per month — enough specialist of the Social Department of For Dukashvili, this money is not to live independently from her par- the Ministry of Health Care and Social enough to live independently. “65 lari ents. She rents an apartment for $300 Aff airs, says the living wage is not con- is not enough even to buy my toilet- a month, and pays almost GEL 150 sidered while calculating allowances ries,” he says. for gas, electricity and water. “Today or pensions. “Normally, pensions are calculated on the basis of sums depos- ited by a person to his or her personal pension fund,” Dateshidze explains. In While the allowances prevent Georgia, pension funds do not exist, disabled people from falling into and therefore all state benefi ts, in- cluding the disability allowance, are destitution, they don’t help them into set by the government. “In fact, these are not pen- work sions, but a social allow- ance, and it is calculated Dukashvili needs to rely on the sup- no one can live for 65 lari a month, by the government on the port of his family. “It is hard for Merab whether you have disabilities or not,” basis of available funds to see that we need to buy clothes and she says. “With current prices, one’s allocated for social needs shoes for him, and sometimes we can- minimum income should be about from the state budget,” not aff ord it,” his mother, Manana, 1,000-1,500 lari.” says Dateshidze. says. She and her husband both work, But Sadradze agrees that it is next Dateshidze explains but their total monthly income does to impossible for a disabled person to that the level of infl ation not exceed GEL 300 ($180). Th e par- fi nd a job in Georgia. She found both is not taken into account, ents also support a younger daughter, her current jobs by chance, and says either. “Th ere is no index- who studies German in the Goethe In- that if she had to search for a job now, ation of pensions, the govern- stitute. “Without our support, Merab she’d be unsuccessful. First of all, in her ment simply raises pensions from would have to beg,” says the mother. opinion, employers simply don’t want time to time,” he says. Th e amount Dukashvili’s situation is all too to hire disable people. Secondly, public of increase and its frequency depend typical for disabled people in Geor- transportation and buildings are not on free funds in the state budget. Th e With 65 lari you cannot buy: gia. According to data provided by adapted for disabled people, prevent- disability pension increased from the Social Department of the Minis- ing them from taking offi ce jobs. GEL 55 to 65 in October 2008, and z Clothes and foot-wear z Medical services and z Entertainment (cable TV, try of Health and Social Policy, about “For me, 65 lari is a dinner with a required an additional GEL 17 million z Gas, water and electricity medicines books, media) 140,000 people in Georgia receive the friend in a restaurant,” says Natalia. ($10.5 million), to be allocated from z Fruit and vegetables z Education z Communication (post, disability allowance. Rati Ionatamish- She says the government should pro- the state budget. vili, a board member and PR offi cer of vide disabled people with possibilities Current legislation does not envis- z Transportation z Recreation Internet, telephone) the Coalition for Independent Living, for self-fulfi llment through improving age additional compensation for dis- says from 40 to 50 percent of all dis- the country’s infrastructure, instead of abled people. Th e Law on Socio-Med- to the tune of GEL 30. If a household is trying to learn English, and dreams abled people are of working age, be- trying to compensate for their inabil- ical Expertise, adopted in December consists of more than one person, all of becoming a professional trainer. A tween 18 and 60. ity to work. “It’s better for a person to 2001, says that disabled people have other family members receive GEL 12 keen body builder in spite of his dis- According to Ionatamishvili, the work and get money for his or her la- the right to free medical and social each, and members of the household ability, in March 2008 he won a city two main problems are Georgia’s bour, than to receive charity from the care. Ionatamishvili, of the Coalition receive an insurance voucher that arm-wrestling championship. His underdeveloped infrastructure and Government — this is the only word for Independent Living, mentions that gives them the right to free medical mother says that if her son received a lack of educational opportunities I can fi nd for a 65-lari-allowance,” Sa- people with minor disabilities have the services. 65-lari-pension and had a job with at for disabled people in the country. dradze says. right to free use of public transporta- While these allowances prevent least a 100-lari-salary, he could be an Ionatamishvili explains that disabled According to the National Bank tion. Disabled people in Georgia are disabled people from falling into des- independent young man. “If he were people cannot obtain secondary edu- of Georgia, in September 2008 a liv- also eligible for the government’s pov- titution, they don’t help them into healthy, he would become a profes- cation as school buildings in Georgia ing wage for an adult man of working erty reduction program. As a partici- work, but that doesn’t stop disabled sional athlete. But even now there are are not adapted for children with re- age in Georgia is GEL 125.2 ($76). So pant of the program, a single-person people in Georgia from trying to en- so many jobs he could do without be- stricted abilities. Public transporta- according to the government’s own household receives social allowances ter the job market. Merab Dukashvili ing able to walk.” 12 CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT BSJ Jazz at the Sunset Levan Oganezov and his friends rock Chardeni Irina VELSKA for my own pleasure, I cannot stay at education. Instead of education, he and blues is impossible to stand the story every jazz composition home when I have got a chance to go had passion for music. “My love for confuse with anything tells, a person needs to have enough life Ten round tables covered with white somewhere and play jazz,” he says. music started in a circus located else. Still, all jazz experience, the right setting and the linen cloths, bottles of red and white Jazz has been Levan’s passion and next to my house,” recalls he. As styles have got at right mood. “It’s impossible to listen to calling for more than half a century. a child, Oganezov went to every least one thing jazz like dance music, one needs to feel wine, glasses and candles – all these He remembers very well when he fell show, and then at home, he tried in common, it,” Levan explains. Giga Paitchadze, a create an elegant atmosphere of a in love with it. “In the fi fties there was to repeat circus melodies at an and this thing 29-year-old lawyer, is fond of jazz. He a daily radio jazz show on the Voice of old Soviet piano. “When I was is improvisa- says jazz is not the kind of music that Saturday night. America, recollects Oganezov now. “It six, my mother brought me to a tion within a brings a person into a good mood. It Talk and low laughter of two dozen started late at night, at about 11 p.m., piano teacher, but I ran away af- given musical is better suited for meditating at night, people interlace with clinking of glass- and lasted one hour. My friends and ter the second lesson and never theme. Musi- refl ecting pictures from the past, or es. Suddenly lights go down, and all I gathered at someone’s place at the came back,” laughs Oganezov. cians choose a thinking about the future. eyes turn to a piano in the left corner radio set, and listened to all composi- At the age of 12, he entered topic, which may Jazz is the music of mood not only and to four elderly men in tweed suits tions.” Th ey could not record it, and musical school to learn be a famous com- for those who listen to it, but also for who have come to the piano from no- clarinet, then he switched position, or a melody, those who play it. However, there is where. Th ey greet some people from to saxophone and, fi nally, but then instead of read- no obligatory mood to play jazz. Th e the public, one sits down to the piano, Jazz is a Oganezov mastered both. ing music, they are creat- main thing is to feel it. Oganezov com- others take a saxophone, a guitar and woman. If you do In 1955, at the age of 16, ing their own versions of pares jazz with a woman: “Music is a a pipe in their hands. Th e saxophonist he was invited to play at it. Th e same applies to a woman. If you do not like a woman, smiles to the audience for the last time, not like a woman, Rustaveli Th eater Or- person’s life. A person you cannot caress her.” For him, the someone claps his hands unsurely, and chestra and Rero State is born with some given same rule is true to playing music: if a miracle begins. Th is miracle is jazz. you cannot caress Orchestra, formed from “theme” – conditions you do not like music, you do not feel Music does not know age, or gen- her leading musicians of So- created by family back- it. No money can substitute for this der, or color of skin. It speaks a uni- viet countries. ground, historical epoch, coun- feeling of music. versal language, and the only thing one there were no discs with jazz music It might seem strange that a try of birth, etc. But then the Each phrase in a jazz composition needs to understand the language is to available in the Soviet Georgia. So conductor of the traditional or- person starts improvising, and is full of meaning. Every musician keep an open heart. Levan Oganezov the next day four or fi ve of the young chestra calls jazz his real call- thus creates his or her unique tells his or her own story in his or her is 69 years old now. He is the conduc- men gathered in a band and tried to ing. But jazz, like life itself, is life story. own way. Th is night, when the day has tor at Rustaveli Th eater Orchestra, and play compositions from their memory. full of unexpected improvisa- Th e similarity may be the come to its end, the old saxophonist is gave many concerts in Europe, USA, “Most of us did not have any train- tions and styles. Blues, swing, reason why the majority of telling two dozens of strangers a story Mexico and all post-Soviet countries. ing, so we had to rely on our ears and bebop, cool and even acid jazz-lovers are in their late of his life that also comes to its end. But every Saturday night Levan comes pitch,” says Oganezov. jazz – all these are vari- twenties and older. “Young And everyone sitting in the club hears with three of his old friends to Chard- First he, like many of famous ous styles and trends in people do not understand his or her own story in sounds of his eni 12 club to play jazz. “I play mostly jazzmen, did not have formal musical jazz. Th ey do diff er much, jazz,” Oganezov says. To under- old saxophone. Eternal Confrontation of the Two Worlds Harut PETROSYAN main the tiger of her Asian deserts. East and West. Nearly everyone knows what Asiadeh often pretends to be a European woman, but at heart she feels that she is a Muslim these two words mean in our modern time. and, as she herself thinks, a savage. East and West And I’m not going to explain how fatal these are always fi ghting a bitter war inside her fragile two opposite directions can be in their ex- and savage Muslim woman’s heart. treme manifestation. At one point she loves and caresses her West- ern husband and then she longs for the prince, who is also a refugee somewhere in America, Th e clash between East and West is apparent dreaming of being his virtuous and “veiled” wife. in the novel by Kurban Said, “Th e Girl from the Th rough the feelings of his character, the au- Golden Horn.” Th is mysterious author emerged thor sends us a message about the eternal prob- from nowhere in the last century to turn upside lems of the world we live in. Asiadeh lacks a sense down our feelings and to make us think again of belonging within this world. As the author of our miserable existence. He has done it most puts it in the book “… there was an abyss between compellingly. her world and Hassa’s, and there was no bridge In his fi rst novel “Ali and Nino” he showed us across.” the “adolescence” of this clash. But in the “Th e Th e other hero, the prince, is also a fi erce fi ght- Girl from the Golden Horn” one witnesses the er to reclaim his lost world. A script writer and a more grown-up, Said with his implied “man- drunkard who becomes a refugee, John Rolland, hood.” drifts about like a boat without direction. Once Th e heroine, Asiadeh Anbari, is a refugee girl, a prince, now he is a naked man in this foreign who found shelter in 1928 Germany with her fa- world, begging for clothing. He tries to forget his ther. In this part of the world no one cares that past with the help of alcohol, but the past can’t once she was a princess of one of the great empires be forgotten, because the present is built from of the world — the Ottoman Empire. Having once the ruins of that past. Every feeling of the new, Western world brings back the memories of his old world, of lost glory, torturing him with un- photo by Harut Petrosyan The world is different. bearable pain. An Eastern prince is helpless in can. People always put very fi erce borderlines home or a soul can ever lose it.” the world of Western mortals. between East and West — one person considers One of the diff erences between East and West, But no one can say that East is bad and West himself the progressive and educated citizen of according to the author, is the power of word and It’s different because it is good, or vice versa. Th e world is diff erent. It’s the West, another: the knowledgeable and savage sacred knowledge in the East, whereas in the West diff erent because this world is individual for ev- warrior of the desert. the word has lost its meaning. “In the conscious- is individual for ery one of us. Asiadeh clearly sees the diff erence Th e eternal confrontation of East and West ness of the West, the individual is of primary im- between the worlds. She senses that the world of in Said’s book assumes the same stance. If you portance. In ours (East) it is the knowledge that everyone West is secure and good. But she lives with diff er- are veiled or eat sitting on the ground, you are we are irrevocably united with the universe…” ent feelings and desires. And on top of that is the savage. If you have numerous skyscrapers or you Whatever the result of this confrontation will lived a luxurious life in a palace near Bosphorus, castaway prince, who may be waiting for her. But conquered nature-you are civilized: the spiritual be, there is only one thing that remains in the end. now Asiadeh lives in a ground fl oor apartment, it’s hard at the same time to leave Hassa, who is East against the materialistic West. As the heroine of the book refl ects: “we are walk- often recalling her homeland, the crimson dawns enclosed in his pride. From the book we sense that everyone feels ing one road together, the short road from birth of her beloved country, the sweetest modulations It’s not so easy to decide to which world — comfortable and secure in his own world. As Said to death, the road God has made for man to walk, of her native language. She tries to cope with her East or West — one belongs. Life is a one-time says: “A Turk goes to New York, and his room on which a foolish one travels with fear, a strong new life, but try as she might, she will always re- pleasure, so you should live it the best way you in Manhattan is Turkey. Only he who never had one with pride, and a wise one with a smile.” BSJ CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT 13 Not Junk... Not Pop Art... But something in the middle Eka CHITANAVA He calls himself “nearly a garbage collector”. Others name him an art- ist.

On the prowl for a junk on Tbilisi streets he hauls cigarette packages, gears from old vehicles, shards of vari- ous glasses, boxes of chocolate, com- puter keyboards, empty perfume fl asks and metal drums. All these articles in new outlines soon appear on canvases hanging on the walls of his apartment. Some people designate the fi nal prod- uct as Pop Art. photos by Eka Chitanava Sixty-fi ve-year-old Rezo Sekhniash- things to visible and naturally existed historical monuments and temples. “I called it a Pop Art,” Sekhniashvili says, Sekhniashvili says making collages vili is an architect by profession. At an ones,” Sekhniashvili says, “for instance, hated communists because there was a surprisingly reticent during the inter- is time-consuming. Although, he tends earlier age he used to make paintings I don’t take a stick and make a horse, I deceit all around me, I felt myself im- view. to stick the whole process of making a as well. Th en he decided not to resem- prefer displaying an abstract world.” prisoned,” Sekhniashvili remembers. Earlier, there had been the 60s, the new piece to the end, until he gets the ble others any longer and to express Sekhniashvili doesn’t like talking Th e rebellious youth used to ex- period of breaking the gap of isolation. fi nal product. He also happens to have his individualism in a quirky structure much about his collages, but they are press protest through the language of Together with his friend Sekhniashvili a favorite one. Sekhniashvili dedicated of handcraft. “I found my niche here, talking instead of him. It’s an abstract art. “I wouldn’t make what I was told to listened to Radio Liberty, read Euro- it to his mother’s reminiscence after I hit smack the target,” Sekhniashvili image of reality imprinted in illogical do in the communists’ era… that’s why pean forbidden literature. “It’s was a she had passed away. Th e collage is says. way and sometimes creates the sense I called them crazy and vise versa, they cultural Revolution,” he remembers, called “Requiem” and depicts a forgot- What his fellow painters call “Pop of chaos, sometimes the sense of beau- called me nuts.” “we have never been familiar with rock ten mirror made from metal plates and Art” he perceives that as just “a collage ty and sometimes the sense of mean- Sekhniashvili was a close friend of music before, it provoked rebelion in artifi cial synthetic cobwebs gingerly of miscellaneous things.” “Andy War- ingless blend of fl amboyant materials. Avto Varazi, a painter and an artist our souls, we let our hair grow that tangled over it. hol! — Th at is Pop Art, not me.” Sekh- Sekhniashvili’s fi rst handcraft dates who depicted Niko Pirosmanashvili, reached our shoulders.” Decades ago for Sekhniashvili art niashvili says. back to 1969. It’s a gray wooden plate a famous Georgian painter in the fi lm In 1986 together with Otar Chkhar- was one of the revelations of protest; He takes slivers of metal, scraps with a gray glossy surface featuring “Pirosmani.” Avto Varazi became one tishvili, Amir Kakabadze and fi ve other now it merely remains as “an abstract from a clock mechanism, colorful clock gears and fi gures “6”, “9” painted of his inspirations. Th ey used to pur- colleagues he exhibited his handcrafts reality.” He underwent heart surgery palm-sized balls, seashells, DVD disks, in red. sue a bohemian way of life, drink, have for the fi rst time in Blue Gallery in three months ago and hasn’t made toys and strings of guitar and fi ts them Sekhniashvili was raised in a com- wakeful nights and at the same time Tbilisi. As Sekhniashvili says people anything since then. While talking, a into a common surface. It could be ei- munist family. Father was engineer serve art. fl ocked to exhibitions perceived as a smile breaks into his pale wrinkles. He ther a wooden board, a clock set or a and mother was a doctor. He began Sekhniashvili remembers that window cut through a fl edgling mod- raises a glass of Champagne and speaks canvass. In result, we get fl owers and painting at the age of 14. Basically, he once Varazi woke up with a hangover, ern art. Th e same group of painters about his future intentions. “My son guitars etched into metal plates or portrayed friends and also a teacher looked at his pants lying on a fl oor, repeated the exhibition in 2005 in the is reproaching me when he sees me simply an intricate combination of un- whom he had a crush on. spread glue over it and pasted pants gallery Vernisage. Th e project was idle… I try gradually to get back to my related things. After graduating from the faculty onto a wooden plate, later named as called “Repressed Art After Seventeen ‘job’ which is not only my ‘job,’ but also “I don’t like resembling created of architecture he went on to fi x up Th e Head of Buff alo. “At the time we Years: — Collage, Object.” a part of my daily life.” Beyond Reality (Continued from page one)

Even then, as a 22-year-old report- piece of the helicopter, while hens lay er, she realized objectivity is somewhat eggs nearby. Children play inside, and unattainable for her. jump outside. It’s a playground for the “When you create a story by means kids deprived of a kindergarten in a of the details, that is only a tiny part god-forsaken place in the Khevsureti of the huge reality. Telling that whole Mountains. “Finally the helicopter in- huge reality is impossible anyway. tegrates into the unfamiliar society. Choosing one thing from among oth- Th at is what the fi lm is all about,” the ers, you are subjective,” she says. So director says. she honestly escaped from journalism. Th e year spent in London was a She found shelter within the world of period for her to think and analyze. documentary fi lmmaking. Analyses condensed into questions. Her fi nal project at Royal Holloway She asked abstract questions to no University of London, Th eir Helicop- one and everyone at the same time in photo from archive of Salome Jashi ter, is a prizewinner of 2007 Interna- a documentary project called “One of tional Documentary Film Festival of Me.” 10-minute pieces centering on their Jashi is not alone in bearing the bur- session with pins found new ways: She Mexico (DOCSDF), in the category of conception of democracy. den of being a documentary fi lmmaker became attached to a laptop. Best Short Documentary. Jashi based Give me a place to start from. Jashi says being a documentary in Georgia. A love for cinematography “She called her laptop ‘my brain’ her fi lm on the aftermath of a 1995 Give me a place to look from. fi lmmaker is not easy in Georgia where united her with Anna Dziapshipa. Th e and I was even jealous,” Dziapshipa event: the crash of a Chechen heli- Give me a place to understand from. the government off ers little in the way two friends and colleagues met seven says. copter, which was transporting cheese Are you able to give me that place? of fi nancial support for documentary years ago. Dziashipa says, “Since then, About a year ago they established when it crashed in Upper Khevsureti. Are you able to give fi lm. If there’s extra money, it goes ei- she impressed me with her indepen- a fi lm production company, “Sakdoc No one died. Th e helicopter plummet- yourself that place? ther to elections or to building a new dence, quality of thinking and extrav- Film.” Dziapshipa says she is happy to ed to earth near the Ardoteli family Can I give myself that place? church. agance. I was always charmed by the have a chance to work with her friend. yard. Its remains are still there today. It means not only work, but also, in her Th e family decided to take a chance “Having free time is very important. words, “sitting in a nice cafe to drink a and “fi t” the helicopter to their lives. Time to think. Time to stay at home The reality may be quite different glass of wine and chat about diff erent Now they plan to make it into a tourist and relax. Time to walk. One can use from what I show. No one knows what things.” guesthouse. this time for inspiration. Inspiration Th e object of her exploration re- Kotetishivili`s camera leads us in- is very important.” Inspiration may be actual reality is mains the same. In the last scene side the ramshackle machine and we “the weather, light outside, or a news- of “One of Me,” her impressionistic see the outside world through the he- paper that we read,” she says. self-portrait, Jashi, with red gloves, licopter. Th ere’s a living cosmos inside: Now Jashi is working on a project “We resemble a country like Iran, way she acted in diff erent situations, knocks on the black door looking for excellent close-ups show the spider’s called “10 Minutes of Democracy” when religion takes precedence. Our with her taste and way of life. By now, something….‘Is love there?’ she asks. webs where a fl y shakes convulsively. where Georgian, Armenian and Azeri government does nothing at all to de- we are close friends.” “Sounds pathetic, but it is so,” Jashi A dog is having his royal den in one documentary fi lmmakers are creating velop art.” In maturity Jashi’s childhood ob- admits. 14 CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT BSJ Increasing Pollution in Tbilisi More and more cars – leave pedestrians gasping for breath

Seymur KAZIMOV tion of the dust in the air has increased cused on raising awareness of the pop- number of meetings. Th e issues of Economic Development, Health). Elene CHAKHUNASHVILI by 2.7 and of the carbon and carbonic ulation and aiming to improve existing the current fuel standards and public Keti Samadashvili of REC-Caucasus Gvantsa BARBAKADZE dioxide has increased 1.7 times com- legislation,” says Magradze monitoring of the fuel at gas stations, says: “all the petrol imported in Geor- pared to 1998. He adds that another problem be- as well as the overview of technical gia is insured with the quality certifi - As the number of the cars is increas- Giorgi Magradze, the head of the sides the rising number of the cars is regulations developed by the Trans- cate. Th is is the only way to check the Green Movement of Georgia, says that the low quality petrol. port Administration of Georgia, were petrol since then there is no organiza- ing in Tbilisi, it gets more and more the general situation is very alarm- Non-governmental environmental discussed at the meeting. Among the tion here which controls regularly the difficult for Tbilisi inhabitants to ing in Tbilisi. Th ere are many old cars organization REC-Caucasus created members of the working group were petrol quality.” breath fresh air. which cause excessive pollution; plus, a project to investigate clean fuel and the representatives of various minis- Th e air pollution can cause a num- due to active construction works many vehicles. Within the framework of the tries of Georgia (Environmental Pro- ber of diff erent diseases, such as lung According to the latest offi cial sta- green areas are being destroyed. So, air project during the 2008, they held a tection and Natural Resources, Justice, cancer, blood diseases, asthma and al- tistics, compared to 1998, in 2005, the quality in Tbilisi is very bad, especially lergies. number of the cars has increased by 22 on those streets where there are many Allergist Eka Chkhartishvili says, percent. traffi c jams. The technical characteristics of most that the number of the patients who Th e worst situation is in the streets “Th e projects which are accom- suff er from the allergies has increased where there are traffi c jams during the plished by our NGO are mostly fo- of the cars in Tbilisi is very low a lot over the past three-fi ve years and rush hours, such as Kostava Street, the main cause of the outdoor allergy Agmashenebeli, Gamsakhurdia and is the polluted air in the city. Th ere are Chavchavadze avenues. almost no factories in Tbilisi now. “Th e Janri Karchava, the chief special- air pollution spawns the hyper-sensi- ist in air protection at the Ministry of tivity of bronchi, the increased sensi- Environment Protection and Natural tivity of the nose, rhinitis, and asthma. Resources of Georgia, says: “Th e tech- Th is kind of allergy can lead to chronic nical characteristics of most of the diseases,” says Chkhartishvili. cars in Tbilisi is very low, because they Th e air pollution can also cause far are second-hand, or Soviet-era cars. more serious diseases. Th e oncologist Purchasing this kind of car is cheap, Mikhail Shavdia says the air pollu- so most of the people choose to buy tion is the source of lung cancer. “It is them.” He also says that the European the common problem of the big cities automobiles are made for high-qua- where there is heavy traffi c. People who lity petrol, and come equipped with live near the crossroads suff er, espe- converters that prevent the use of low- cially, because there is a high amount quality petrol. In Georgia, car owners of the cars concentrating there. Th e remove the converters so they can use lung cancer is in the second place after any kind of petrol in their car. the breast cancer in Georgia,” he says. All vehicles were inspected by the Tbilisi citizens think that the pollu- government to meet safety and pollu- tion is one of their most serious qual- tion guidelines until 2004, when the ity-of-life problems: inspections were abolished as a source Manana Urushadze, an economist, of corruption. No alternative ways sums up a general sentiment: “Such a were suggested. large number of vehicles are horrible; As Marina Arabidze, the head of there are too many cars in Tbilisi. It the department of monitoring of en- is the fact that we must do something vironmental pollution in Tbilisi, says, about it, but where is the solution, I the growing number of cars has wors- don’t know. I live in the center of capi- ened the situation. Th at is confi rmed tal and I cannot open the window to by the fact that in 2007 the concentra- breath fresh air.” photo by Seymur Kazimov First Green Architecture Blooms in Georgia Tsisana KIGHURADZE for instance, is going to be built us- Ukleba, “it costs ten times less to warm and we use our Georgian ground tem- founded Tbilisi centuries ago, he chose ing the same methods. Th is is only place with our system than with gas.” perature. Th e territory of Tbilisi allows this spot for his capital because of Georgia’s first eco-friendly building beginning for projects like this,” says Th ermal systems engineer of Delisi us to use natural resources.” the numerous hot water springs. Th e project is under construction. Niba marketing manager of Niba Invest, project Giorgi Mandaria explains: “We Of course the exploitation of Tbili- green project of the 21st century uses Th ea Ukleba. use thermal water and underground si’s thermal resources is nothing new. the same idea for thoroughly modern Invest, along with renowned Ital- Th e Delisi Metrocity project uses temperature, which is +14 Celsius When the King Vakhtang Gorgasali constructions. ian architect, are soon to unveil the the slogan “Here, because here is ev- Degrees, to warm the building. Con- Metrocity Center just outside Delisi erything”. Niba Invest’s Public Re- struction companies in Georgia now Metro station. lations offi cer Ani Dvali says the are using simple equipment, metalo- multi-purpose construction will fea- plastic doors and windows for thermal What distinguishes the Delisi proj- ture “trade and entertainment center, isolation.“ ect from other new-builds in the city movies, cafes, hotel, offi ces and apart- George Abramishvli, director of is its ecological concept. Th is is the ments, things that can give more life to development company Dutch House, fi rst “Green Project” in Georgia, and central Vake-Saburtalo’s linking-road who recently attended an interna- will cost the company $75 million to — the Delisi area.” tional property expo in Munich, notes complete. Th e building will use eco- Th e project, which will cover 4,500 that a lot of discussion was devoted to logically clean heating and cooling square meters, consists of two build- “green projects”, and is confi dent that systems, which will emit zero carbon ings. A trade center will be built four these ideas have a future in Georgia. dioxide — the gas that contributes to stories underground, fl anked by a His company is currently involved in a global warming. business center with a glass façade. project Bagebi, due to be fi nished next Green architecture’s proponents Th e trade center will be capped with year, which uses a modern system of claim the concept could signifi cantly an iceberg-shaped glass construc- thermal isolation that involves creat- contribute to mitigating climate change tion, which will allow daylight to fl ood ing wooden façades. “Th is is a small by using local natural resources. down to the subterranean levels. step from us toward green architec- “Th e land under Tbilisi is rich in Green projects such as this are not ture,” he says. natural hot water, which can be used in only ecologically advanced, but they Th ere are also political reasons why ecologically clean building construc- also are economically eff ective for cus- green architecture might become a hit tion. We are the fi rst company using tomers. Th e buildings’ heating system in Georgia. Sopho Lekishvili, director this technique, but already others are relies on underground water, and ac- of Niba Invest says, “with this project following suit. Th e Lisi Lake project, cording to marketing manager Th ea we declare a boycott to Russian gas photo courtesy of www.niba.com.ge December 2008

Caucasus School of Journalism and Media Management saTamaSoebi ganvadebiT xaTuna noniaSvili

xuTi wlis vato CitiSvils dedam da saTamaSo atraqcionebi (TveSi saSualod 10 mamam dabadebis dReze manqana aCuqes. saTa- cali), romelTa Rirebulebac 10-15 aTasi maSo 800 lari Rirda da mSoblebma is laria. aseve didi raodenobiT iyideba ganvadebiT SeiZines. vato ambobs, rom Zraviani manqanebi, saqanelebi, Tojinis mas Zalian undoda didi saTamaSo manqana. saxlebi, romelTa fasi 500-dan 1000 ocnebobda masSi Cajdomasa da gatarebaze. laramde meryeobs. Cven ,,pilsanis~ qarxnis natvra marTlac ausrulda, misi axali man- distributorebi varT. es qarxana stam- qana swored aseTia. bolSia, saidanac saTamaSoebi Semogvaqvs. ,,15 noembers vato xuTi wlis gaxda. gvaqvs Cinuri warmoebis produqciac~. bavSvma saCuqrad saTamaSo manqana airCia. alibegaSvili miiCnevs, rom maTi produq- marTalia, cota Zviri, 800 lari, Rirda, cia sazogadoebis yvela fenazea gaTvlili. magram 6-Tviani ganvadebiT gamovitane. ,,maRazia absoluturad yvela momxmareb- bavSvisTvis uaris Tqma ar mindoda~,-aRniS- lis iteresebs iTvaliswinebs. mSoblebi na vatos dedam, ia nadiraZem. TavianTi SvilebisTvis aqtiurad yidulo- TbilisSi saTamaSoebis ganvadebiT ben saTamaSoebs~,-ambobs alibegaSvili. SeZena bolo erTi welia, rac SesaZlebeli sabavSvo saTamaSoebis SeZena gacilebiT gaxda. aseTi momsaxureba saTamaSoebis maR- iafad bazrobebze SeiZleba. aq maTi fasi 1 azias - `Exim Park and Toys~ - aqvs. aRniSnul laridan iwyeba da 200 laramde adis. neli maRaziaSi ganvadebiT im saTamaSos yidva gadelia, romelic savaWro centr ,,pasaJis~ SeiZleba, romelic oras larze Zviri mimdebare teritoriaze sami welia saTama- Rirs. amis saSualebas ,,Ti bi si~ banki iZl- Soebs yidis, ambobs, rom yvelaze metad mas eva. ganvadebis xangrZlivoba minimum eqvsi rbili saTamaSoebi eyideba. gansakuTrebiT Tve da maqsimum ori welia, xolo Tviuri ki winasaaxalwlod, radgan mosaxleoba saprocento ganakveTi 2,9%-s Seadgens. Cinuri kalendris tradiciisamebr, dam- ,,Ti bi si~ bankis ganvadebis menejeris, deg weliwadTan dakavSirebul cxovelebs maia JRentis TqmiT, ,,saTamaSoebis gan- yidulobs. vadebis msurveli bevria, TveSi saSualod saerTod, TbilisSi sabavSvo maRa- daaxloebiT 60 kaci. maT saTamaSoebis ziebSi ZiriTadad ucxouri saTamaSoebi maRaziidan invoisi unda aiRon da Semdeg iyideba. produqcia amerikidan, poloneTi- SeuZliaT ganvadebis Taobaze bankis nebis- dan, CineTidan da TurqeTidan Semodis. mier filials mimarTon~. saTamaSoebis adgilobrivi warmoeba Tumca, rogorc JRentma aRniSna, agvis- SezRudulia. saqarTveloSi Tojinebis tos movlenebis Semdeg bankebma kreditebis fabrika didi xania aRar muSaobs. qveyanaSi gacema SezRudes, amitom ganvadebis msurve- ZiriTadad xeliT nakeT eTnoTojinebs, lebs xSirad uariT istumreben. erovnul tansacmelSi gamowyobil mocek- maRazia `Exim Park and Toys~-Si saTama- vaveebs qmnian, romlebic umetesad ucxoel Soebis farTo arCevania, daaxloebiT turistebzea gaTvlili. qarTul eTnoTo- 130-mde dasaxelebis saTamaSoa. aq fasebi jinebs ZiriTadad suvenirebad iyeneben da erTi laridan iwyeba da 50,000 laramde maTi fasi 15-dan 150 laramdea. meryeobs. ZiriTadad swored aqedan marag- eTnoTojinebis fass misi Semqmnelebi deba bavSvTa samyaro, lilos bazroba da imis mixedviT gansazRvraven, Tu ra Tanxa Tbilisis sxva maRaziebi. dajda erTi Tojinis gakeTeba. eTnoTo- maRaziis menejeris, nikoloz alibegaSvi- jinebis mwarmoeblis, manana gigauris lis TqmiT, ,,50,000 lariani saTamaSo kom- TqmiT, ,,xSirad qarTul nacionalur pleqsi jer-jerobiT ar gayidula. “es tansacmelSi gamowyobili Cixtikopiani aris didi saTamaSo atraqcioni, romelic Tojina saxeSecvlili amerikuli barbia, sabavSvo-gasarTobi centrebisTvisaa gan- romelsac Tmas uRebaven da uwnaven, samoss kuTvnili. samagierod kargad iyideba is ucvlian~. foto: xaTuna noniaSvili

...APPLY TO GIPA ... APPLY TO GIPA ... APPLY TO GIPA ... APPLY TO GIPA ... APPLY TO GIPA ... APPLY TO GIPA ... APPLY TO GIPA ... www.gipa.ge swavla daiwyeba 2009 wlis 15 martidan. leqciebi Catardeba saRamos saaTebSi. swavleba mimdinareobs qarTul enaze. Jurnalistikisa da sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samagistro programa studentebs saSualebas miscems SeiZinon aucilebeli profesiuli codna da media menejmentis praqtikuli unar-Cvevebi sazogadoebasTan urTierTobisa da politikuri komunikaciis sferoebSi warmatebis misaRwevad rogorc saxelmwifo, ise komerciul an arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi. kavkasiuri skola leqciebsa da seminarebs qarTveli da amerikeli specialistebi gauZRvebian. acxadebs miRebas swavlis periodSi studentebs SeeZlebaT kompiuteruli da samontaJo laboratoriebiT, uaxlesi foto, video da audio aparaturiT, aseve, sazogadoebasTan saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa institutis biblioTekiT sargebloba.

urTierTobis damatebiTi informaciisTvis daukavSirdiT nino danelias, programis koordinators, samagistro [email protected] 93-14-66, 92-39-52 (tel), 93-14-66 (faqsi). programaze sabuTebis miRebis bolo vadaa 15 Tebervali, 2009. 16 CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT BSJ ga i Re sis x li, ga da ar Ci ne si cocx le ni no ka xiS vi li la bo ra to ri u li Se mow me bis dros Cans. Tu same di ci no univer si te tis stu den ti, 22 la bo ra to ri u li kvlevis Se de gad sisx l- wlis, sulxan abuse ri Ze “do nor Ta klu- Si antis xe u lebi aR moC n da, ma Sin sisx lis bis” wevria. man ukve orjer ga i Ro sis x li gamok v le va ki dev sxva, ufro mgrZnobi a re sxva ada mi a ne bis sicocx lis ga dasar Ce nad me To di Tac xdeba. “aseTi sis x liT infi ci re- da mo ma val Sic api rebs, rogorc Tvi Ton bis Sansi nulis tolia”, ambobs Co koS vi li, am bobs, am sa a mayo saq mis gag r Ze le bas. mag ram orga niz m Si antis xe u le bis gamo mu Sa- “do nor Ta klubi” same di ci no univer si- ve bas da ax lo e biT 3 Tve sWir de ba, Tum ca te tis rva stu den t ma Ca mo a ya li ba. idea ze zog jer 4-8 kvi rac sak ma ri sia. am pe ri ods, ma Sin daiwyes fiq ri, ro ca, pir ve lad, qveya- ro de sac jer ar Cans antis xe u li, magram na Si sis x lis de fi ci tis prob le mis Se sa xeb in feq cia ukve orga niz m Sia, “fan ja ra” pe ri- Se ity ves. dRes klub Si 200 ka camdea ga wev- ods uwode ben. “Tu adami an ma nar ko ti ki 1 ri a ne bu li. ian vars gai ke Ta da dain fi cir da, sa mi Tvis Tbi li sis jo enis sis x lis ga das x mis cen- gas v lamde, ma gali Tad, 7 ian vars mis sisx l- t ris eqim-tran s fuzi o lo gis, ma ri na aba Si- Si an tis xe u lebi, SesaZ loa, ar aRmoCndes. Zis TqmiT, aris SemTx ve ve bi, roca yvela ze aseT sisxls Tu sxva pa ci ents gada us xa men, gav r ce le bu li, pir ve li dade bi Ti jgu fis isic aucileb lad infi cir deba.” eqs per- sis x li, ro me lic mo sax le o bis daax lo e biT te bis azriT, ami tom eniWe ba upi ra te so- 40 %-s aqvs, cent r Si ar aris. ba uan garo do no ro bas, rad gan uangaro qvey nis sis x lis ma rag ze gans xva ve bu li do nors mxolod dax ma re bis survi li aqvs Se xe du le ba aqvs he ma to lo gi is in s ti tu tis da ar malavs eqimTan konsul ta ci is dros tran s fu zi u li samsa xu ris xelm ZR va nels, jan m r Te lo bas Tan dakav Si re bul yvela ze ge na di iosavas. misi TqmiT, qve ya na Si sisx- um niS v ne lo de ta leb sac ki. “uanga ro do no- foto: redaqciis arqividan lis de fi ci ti ar aris: “sisx l ze moTxovna ri usafr Txo sisx lis ga ran tia. Cven maT mi wo debas gana pi ro bebs, amitom sisx lis ax sov des, rom es mniS v ne lo va ni sa kiTxia da bo los dono ro bis msur ve li xelmo we riT vux s niT, rom arse bobs fa ru li pe ri o di, Ca ba re bis msurve li im de ni vea, ramde nic ar ar se bobs adami a ni, vi si ojaxis wevrs an adas tu rebs Ta vis pa su xebs, ri Tac aRia- ro ca Se iZ leba ar ga moC n des daa va de ba da — ga das x mi sa”. ro gorc iosa va am bobs, qve- ax lo bels sisx li odesme ar das Wir deba”, rebs, rom eqvem de ba re ba sis x lis samar T- Tu rames dama la ven sis x lis sa mar T lis ya na Si sisx lis mara gi erT Tvezea gaT v li- — am bobs eqimi. lis pasu xis m geb lo bas si mar T lis da mal vis pa su xis mgeb lo biT dais je bi an. iyo SemTx ve- li. er Ta derT proble mad, iosa va uan garo Tbi lis Si dRes sisx lis Caba re ba qala qis Sem Tx ve va Si da iZle va xel we rils, rom ar ve bi, rom ganmar te bis Sem deg uari uTq vamT do no re bis sim ci res asa xe lebs. “Tu qveya na- sis x lis gadas x mis sad gur Si, he ma to lo gi is aris daa va de bu li Sid siT, he pa ti tiT da sis x lis Caba re ba ze”,— ambobs aba Si Ze. Si wliu ri dona cia 30 aTa sia, aqedan mxo- in s ti tut Si, prepa ra te bis cen t r Si, jo enis si fi li siT. me o re etapi eqi mis mier dono- eqim Ta az riT, paci ents sisx li mxo lod lod 10 Se iZ le ba iyos uan ga ro do no ri”, sis x lis ga das x mis sad gur sa da res pub li- ris su bi eq tur gasin j vas iTva lis wi nebs. uki du res Sem Tx ve va Si sWir de ba da Tu – am bobs iosa va. kur saa vad m yo fo Si Se iZ le ba. sisx lis ga Re- eqi mi do nors usin javs tempe ra turas, wne- ar se bobs Sansi, rom mas sxvisi sis x li ar marina aba Si Zis TqmiT, jo enis cent ri, ba we li wad Si 2-jer, 18-dan 65 wlam de da vas. bo lo etap ze ki, dono ris sis x li la bo- gada es xas, ar unda ga da us xan. “es rTuli mxo lod ugasam r je lo do no rebs em sa xu re- 50 kg-ze me ti wonis ne bis mi er adami ans SeuZ- ra to ri ul Se mow me bas gadis infeq ci eb ze ope ra ciaa, rome lic konk re tu li da zus ti ba. ma Ti yovel T vi u ri ricx vi, da ax lo e biT, lia. pirve li etapi, romel sac dono ro bis — Sid s ze, B he pa ti t sa da si fi lisze. daniS nu le biT unda ga keT des”,— aRniS navs 200 ka cia da Zi ri Tadad isini ari an, vinc msur ve li gadis, speci a lu rad do no re bis T- in feq ci u ri paTo lo gi is, Sidsis da kli- iosa va. pa ci en tis ax lob lebs mo yavT. misi TqmiT, vis Se mu Sa ve bu li kiTxva ris, sisx lis do no- ni ku ri imuno lo gi is cen t ris eqim-epide- do na ci is dros ada mi a ni 250-450 ml. ar se bobs dono ris sami tipi: kadris, rac ris Tan x mo bis for mis, Sev se baa. kiTxva ri mi o lo gis, oTar Co koS vi lis TqmiT, Tu sisxls ga i Rebs. am SemTx ve va Si mniS v ne lo va- sis te ma tur do no ro bas niS navs, na Te sa vi afa sebs ada mi a nis jan m r Te lo bis saer To ada mi ans dabin Zu re bu l sis x ls ga daus xa men, nia mi si fi zi ku ri mona ce me bi. do no ri da erT je ra di do no ri. “Tu weli- mdgo mare o bas ukanas k ne li 6 Tvis man Zil- is 100 %-iT in fi cir de ba. ami tom di di mniS- “do nor Ta klubis” erT-erTi dam fuZneb - wad Si erTxel ma inc Caa ba rebs adami a ni ze. kiTxve bis mixed viT adge nen do no ris v ne lo ba aqvs la bo ra to ri ul testebs, rom- lis, gior gi gafrin daS vi lis TqmiT, sisx- sisxls, sis x lis de fi ci ti aRar iar se bebs. sqe sob riv kav Si reb sa da sis x lis ga das x mis le bi Tac sis x lis srulyo fi li gamok v leva lis ga Re ba do no ris T vis im mxri vac sasar- sa er Tod, xSi rad uT q vamT, ra dros sis- is to ri as Tan da kav Si re bul sa kiTxebs. kiTx- xde ba. Tu or ganiz m Si vi ru sia, ada mi a nis geb loa, rom saqar T ve los ka non m deb lo biT, x lis uan garod Caba re baa, ro ca qveya na var Si mi Ti Te bu lia da ma te bi Ti kiTxve bi imu nu ri siste ma mis wi na aR m deg antis xe- pirs, romel mac sisx li Caa ba ra, im dRes da si Ra ri bis zRvarzeao, magram yvelas unda or su lo bas Tan dakav Si re bi Tac. kiTx va ris u lebs ga mo i mu Sa vebs, rom le bic sis x lis me o re dResac das ve ne ba ekuT v nis. saubrebi kanonze religiis Sesaxeb grZeldeba su zi ka la Si a ni uf ro daba li rangis iyos, vidre kons ti tu- bis in te re se bis gaT va liswi ne ba. “saub re bi ju ze pe. ciu ri Se Tan x me baa. re li gi is ka no nis Se sa xeb sa qar T ve lo Si sa mo qa la qo ko deq s Si cvli le be bis Se ta- reli gi u ri mrav lfe rov ne ba sa qarT ve lo- “sa xel m wifom unda gadawy vi tos, Tu ra di di xa nia mi di o da, miT umetes, mas Semdeg, nis Semdeg ramde ni me re li gi ur ma gaer Ti a- Si 23 konfe si iT aris warmod ge ni li. maTi sa xis ur Ti er To ba surs Cven Tan. Cven ar rac marT l ma di debel ek le si a sa da sa xel- ne bam re gis t ra cia ara sam Tav ro bo or ga ni- wevre bi qveynis mosax le o bis mexu Teds war- viTxovT, dai dos kons ti tu ci u ri Se Tan x- m wifos So ris kons ti tu ciu ri SeTan x me ba za ci is sa xiT ma inc ga i a ra. es, Ziri Tadad, is moad ge nen. Tumca, konfe si e bis umrav le so ba me ba. itali aSi, maga li Tad, saxel m wifos dai do. konkor da tis miRe bam de Cven kon- gaer Ti a ne be bia, ro mel Ta arse bo ba aT w le- saqar T ve lo Si de faq tod arse bobs, radgan yve la re li gi ur ga er Ti a ne beb Tan Ti To sul ta ci e bi gvqonda sxvadas x va re li gi ur u lebs iT v lis, xo lo mrev lis ra o de no ba saxel m wi fos ar aqvs ka noni, rome lic maT kon kor dati aqvs gafor me bu li. amave dros, kon fe si as Tan, gar da ra di ka lu ri seqte bi- 200 kacs ar aRema te ba. statuss gansazR v rav da. ro mis ka To li ku ri ek le sia gar k ve u li pri- sa. isini mxars uWerd nen am Se Tan x me bis evan ge lis tu ri ekle si is pas to ris za al kons ti tu ci is me-9 muxlis Tanax mad, vi le gi e biT sargeb lobs. CvenT vis ase Ti mi Re bas, mi e sal me bod nen sa xel m wi fos inici- tye Se laS vi lis TqmiT, ekle sia ara sam Tav- sa xel m wi fo acxadebs rwmeni sa da aRm sa- mid go ma mi saRe bia”, – acxa debs sa qar T ve lo- a ti vas. Cve ni mxri danac iyo da pi re ba, rom ro bo orga ni za ci ad imis ga mo da re gis t rir- reb lo bis Ta vi suf le bas da iq ve aRi a rebs Si romis ka To li ku ri ekle si is winam ZRo- Tu ki saxel m wifo mii Rebs ka nons reli gi is da, rom sxvana i rad Tavis saqmi a no bas ver qar Tu li marT l ma di debe li ekle si is gansa- li, episko po si pad re juze pe pazo to. Sesa xeb, Cven am kano nis miRe bas mxars davu- awar mo eb da. “konfe si ebs So ris Cven ma ek le- kuT re bul rols. pat ri ar qis mdivnis, mama mi xe il botko- WerT”, – ambobs ma ma mi xe i li. si am regis t ra cia pir vel ma ga i ara. Cven 2002 wels saxel m wi fo sa da sa qarT- ve lis TqmiT, mar T l ma di debe li ek le sia ka no ni dRemde ar aris mi Re bu li. ami- ax la ara sam Tav ro bo orga ni za cia “sa qar T- ve los mar T l ma di debel ek le si as So ris do mi nan tu ria da sxva re li gi ebs ar SeiZ le- tom, ek le si e bi qmni an ara sam Tav ro bo or ga- ve los evan ge lis tu ri ek le sia” varT. minda da i do kon s ti tu ci u ri SeTan x me ba, rom- ba hqon deT igi ve sta tu si. “sa qar T ve lo Si ni za ci ebs da saq mi a no bas maTi meSve o biT giTx raT, rom regis t ra ci azec gveub ne bod- lis Tanax ma dac, marT l ma di de be li ek le sia ar se bul ramde ni me tra di ci ul konfesias, axor ci e le ben. nen uars. ad vo ka te bi gvicxadeb dnen, rom gamocxad da sa ja ro sa mar T lis su bi eq tad. evan ge lur-bap tis tu ri ek le si is episko- Cve ni sa xel wo de bis ga mo ar SeuZ li aT dag- ek le si am mi i Ro qo neb ri vi da sa gada sa xa do po si, ru su dan goci ri Ze ambobs: va re gis t ri ron, radgan marT l ma di deb lur pri vi le gi e bi. ramde ni me qar Tu li marT- Cve ni ek le sia iuri- “Cve ni ek le sia iuri di u lad ar ar se bobs, sar w mu no e bas mie kuT vne bi an da maT T vis es l ma di deb lu ri dRe sas wa u li ga mocxad da di u lad ar ar se bobs, ris ris gamoc Cve ni saq mi a no ba Se fer xe bu lia. cod vaa. re gis t ra ci i saT vis bev ri vib r Zo- sa er To-erov nul dRe sas wa u lad da arasa- ami tom Sev q me niT arsam Tav ro bo or ga ni za- leT”, – aR niS navs zaal tyeSe laS vi li. mu Sao dRed. ga moc Cve ni saq mi a no ba cia “be Te li” da misi saSu a le biT vawar mo- sa xal xo dam c vel Tan arse bu li tole ran- sxva re li gi ur gaer Ti a ne bebs saxel m wi- ebT saqvel moq me do saqmi a no bas.” to bis cen t ris xel m ZR vane lis, be qa min di aS- fo Si iuri di u li sta tu si ar aqvT Sesa ba- Se fer xe bu lia 2006 wels samo qa la qo kodeq s Si Se vi da vi lis azriT, kano ni reli gi is Sesa xeb auci- mi si ka no nis arar se bo bis ga mo. statu sis cvli le be bi, romel Ta mixed vi Tac reli- le be li ar aris. mi si miRe bis Sem Tx ve va Si, ar qo na re li gi ur um ci re so bebs, ma Ti ve ker Zod ki, som xebs, kaTo li ke ebs, musli ma- gi ur gaer Ti a ne bebs mi e caT uf le ba, dare- sa xel m wi fom unda gan sazR v ros, Tu vis ze TqmiT, proble mebs uq m nis, rad gan ar SuZ- neb sa da iude ve lebs, didi ambi ci e bi aqvT. gis t rir d nen ara sam Tav ro bo or ga ni za ci e- un da gavr cel des es ka no ni, vis da er q me va li aT, iuridi u lad gana xor ci e lon Tavi an- isi ni iTxoven da ax lo e biT ima ve statuss, bis saxiT. padre juze pe pa zo tos az riT, re li gi u ri ga er Ti a ne bis saxel wo de ba. amiT Ti saq mi a no ba. ro go ric mar T l ma di debel ek le si as aqvs. ek le si is T vis aseTi re gis t ra cia re li gi u- ki Se da re biT axalgaz r da reli gi u ri gaer- kon fe si aTa war mo mad gen le bis az riT, Cven Ta nax ma ni ver viqne biT, radgan ar ri Tvalsaz ri siT miu Re be lia. “Tuki Cven Ti a ne be bis disk ri mi na cia mox de ba. “Ce mi Tu ki saxel m wi fo sa da mar T l ma di de bel SeiZ le ba, erT saxel m wi fo Si ramde ni me gadav wy vetT arasam Tav ro bo orga ni za ci ad az riT, uke Te si iq ne ba, Semu Sav des cvlile- ek le si as Soris kon s ti tu ci u ri xelSek ru- re li gia erTi da imave statu siT sar geb- dare gis t ri re bas, ma Sin, kano nis mi xed viT, be bis pa ke ti. es pa ke ti iT va lis wi nebs sxva- le baa da de bu li, maSin urTi er To ba sa xel- lob des,”– aRniS navs ma ma mi xe i li. or ga ni za ci is sa Ta ve Si dam fuZne be li, anu das x va cvli le bis Seta nas sxva das x va ka non- m wi fo sa da sxva kon fe si ebs So ris rai me mi si ve TqmiT, kano ni re li gi is Sesa xeb ker Zo pi ri un da Cad ges. ga mo dis, rom Si, ro me lic saq mi a no bis ganxor ci e le ba Si ka no niT unda regu lir de bo des, wi na aR m deg saxel m wi fo Si unda arse bob des, radgan ek le sia ara qristes mi er, ara med ub ra lo kon fe si ebs gar k ve ul Se Ra va Tebs miscems. Sem Tx ve va Si, maTi uf le be bi ir R ve va. Tum- sa Wi roa kon fe si e bis saqmi a no bis dare gu- ada mi a nis mi er aris da fuZ ne buli. ekle- Cven va pi rebT, reli gi ur um ci re so beb Tan ca, imasac aRniS na ven, rom es Se Tan x me ba, li re ba. Tumca, misi azriT, kano nis miRe- si as Tavi si Rir se ba aqvs da ar Se iZ le ba er Tad, es pa ke ti uaxlo es mo ma valSi Se vi- sa mar T leb ri vi Tval saz ri siT, Se iZ le ba bis dros saWi roa saqar T ve los mo sax le o- iyos ubra lo orga ni za cia”, – Tvlis padre mu Sa voT”, – acxa debs beqa min di aS vi li. BSJ CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT 17 pro fe sia – ja ris ka ci naTia suxiaSvili lebs, mag ram jaris ka co ba Ce mi mo wode baa”, – am bobs cira. 19 wlis qarT ve li eb ra e li gogo na, lika ci ra er Ti welia, rac jarSi msaxu robs. par la gaS vi li, ukve aTi Tvea, rac is ra e lis sa nam sa mo qa la qo pi ri iyo, samxed ro niv- Se i a ra Re bu li Za leb Si msa xu robs. Ta vi dan Tebs ag ro veb da da ja ris ka co ba ze ocne- mZi me re Jim Tan Segu e ba gau Wir da, ojaxis bob da. oc ne ba te le kom pa nia “rus Tavi 2-is” wevre bi da me gob re bi Zali an enatre bo da. re a li Ti Sou “ya zar mam” auxdi na. siz mar Si xSi rad xe dav da sa qar T ve lo sa da “sam xed ro saq me im de nad ma in te re seb da, gam z r del be bi as. male ja ris cxov re bas rom “yazar ma Si” mivi Re mona wi le o ba. ver mi eC via da fe ra di sizm re bi saqar T ve lo ze vity vi, rom bevri ram viswav le, mag ram pro- samxed ro teqni kam Caa nac v la. eq t Si mona wi le o bam gamoc di le ba Sem Zi na. li ka par la gaSvi li samxed ro saval de- Ta nac, proeq tis mo na wi leebs Sansi mogve ca, bu lo mom za de bas ieru sa lim Tan axlos mde- nam d vil jarSi gagveg r Ze le bi na sam sa xu ri”, ba re sam xed ro ba za “ba iT Smo ne Si” ga dis. – am bobs is. mis T vis, ise ve rogorc iq myofi sxva ja ris- pro eq tis dasru le bis Semdeg ciram sabu- ka ce bis T vis, dila eqvs sa aT ze iwye ba. Te bi ofi cer Ta aka de mi aSi Sei ta na, mag ram, ”mzis amosv las mwyobr Si vxvdebiT, pi ra di proble me bis gamo, iZule bu li gax- di lis gamam x ne ve be li varji Si sa da pi ra di da, oficer Ta kor pu si droe biT dae to ve- hi gi e nis Semdeg vsa uz mobT, ris Semde gac bi na. dRe samxed ro wvrTniT grZelde ba”, – yveba ”swav las auci leb lad gavag r Ze leb da is da ambobs, rom ori wlis manZil ze dRis kap ra lis wo de bas oficris wode biT Sevc- re Ji mi ar ic v le ba. v li. mizan dasa xu li adami a ni var da mjera li ka spec na ze lia. is sna i pe ris pro fe si- rom bevrs mi vaR wev”, - ambobs ci ra. as eufle ba. “kargi msro le li aR mov C n di. ci ras miR we ve bi bev ri aqvs. is saqar T- sin jeb ze cxra nas ro li tyvi i dan eqv si ve los Cem pi o nia kik boq s Si. ro gorc Ta vad foto: naTia suxiaSili gavar tyi. Ra me ki, roca ara fe ri Canda, am bobs, bavS vo ba Si mxolod sa mi ocne ba oTxi tyvii dan mizans or ma mi aR wia”. min do da, swavlis gagr Ze le bas vapi reb di. erT mesa meds qa le bi Se ad ge nen. jarSi ga saw- hqon da, rom lic ukve aixdi na. li kas is ra el Si lia pe ri ni hqvia. aTi jar Si samsa xu ri neba yoflo bi Ti unda iyos vev Ta asa ki 18 wlidan iwye ba. ”min do da saqar T ve los Cempi o ni vyofi- Tvis win samxed ro sam sa xur Si gawve vis mow- da visac es saq me ainte re sebs is unda wavi- “xai e le Ti” lika par la gaSvi li sa qar T- li ya vi da gav x di kidec. meo re ocne ba av to- mo bac am saxel ze mi i Ro. des. CemT vis is ori weli, romel sac jarSi ve lo Si be bi is sa na xa vad ori wlis Semdeg mo bi lis yidva iyo, ro me lic sul ax la xan li ka par la gaSvi li 1989 wels Tbilis Si, gava ta reb, tyui li drois karg vaa”. Ca mo va. rogorc Tavad ambobs, ojaxis wev- Se vi Zi ne da me sa me - sam xed ro ka ri e ris qar Tul-ebra ul ojaxSi da i ba da da ga i zar- li ka ja ris cxov re bas Tve-na xev ri an ma re bi is ra el Si da megob re bi sa qarT ve lo Si gake Te baa”. da. mSob le bi is ra el Si sacxovreb lad rva spe ci a lur ma kur s ma Se agua, romlis manZil- Za li an enatre ba. monat re bis gamo, erTxel, me oTxe briga da Si sul 115 qali msa- wlis win wavid nen. man or magi moqa la qe o ba zec iaraRis daSla-awyo bas da samxed ro ci xes Zlivs ga da ur Ca. “sax l Si stumre bi xu robs. ase u lis oc me Tau ri aleq san d re mi i Ro da sa qar T ve lo Si bebi as Tan dabrun- we sebs swav lob da. kursi warma te biT da xu- gvyav da saqar T ve lo dan, me ja ri dan maT aleq siS vi li ciras dade bi Tad axasi a Tebs, da. “stumris kvalo ba ze yovel T vis didxans ra da amis da ma das tu re be li ser ti fi ka tic sa na xa vad gamo vi pa re da er Ti kviriT dav- am bobs, rom is yvelas gan ga mor Ce u li da vrCe bi. mgo nia, rom Ce mi sam Sob lo sa qar T- aiRo. aCuqes Torac (bib lia). samxed ro r Ci. ukan rom mivb run di, Cems saq mes uk ve mi zan da sa xu li jaris ka cia. “miu xe davad imi- ve loa da, pi ri qiT, is ra el Si var stum rad, fi ci ki am kur sis gav lis Semdeg dado. sa sa mar T lo ga ni xi lav da. maSin cixes ubra- sa, rom ci ra man di lo sa nia, ne bis mi e ri sir- mag ram rogorc isra e lis moqa la qe, dave- ”fi cis dade ba yvela ze dasa max sov re be- lo SemTx ve vi To bis wyalo biT ga davur Ci, Tu lis dava le bas swo rad da xa ris xi a nad mor Ci le ka nons, ro me lic jar Si samsa xurs li dRe iyo Cems cxovre ba Si. sam xed ro mar- mo sa mar T le qarT ve li ebra e li aRmoC n da as ru lebs. fizi ku ri momza de biT bevr ma ma- ma val de bu lebs”, – ambobs li ka. Sis fonze samjer gavi me o re” ani niSba” rac da mxo lod mkac ri gafr Txi le ba mom ca”. kacs sjobia”. Tumca, aleqsiS vi li am bobs: kanon mor Cil likas isra el Si, iseve, niS navs:” vfi cav”. li ka sam xed ro ka ri e ris gake Te bas ar “mi u xe da vad imi sa, rom ase ul Si bev ri ro gorc yve la ja ris kac qals, “xai e le Ti” geg mavs, Tumca, rogorc Ta vad ambobs, sro- qa lia, ma inc mi maC nia, rom ma Ti ad gi li sam- hqvia, rac did pati vad iTv le ba. maTT vis laSi ise gai wa fa, rom misi nasro li tyvii- za re u lo Sia, ga mo nak li se bis garda”. mu ni ci pa lu ri trans por tiT mgzavro bi sas dan mizans TiTq mis arc erTi ar cdeba. ase- sa qar T ve lo Si jarSi sam sa xu ri qale bis- da wese bu lia SeRa va Te bi, ga sar Tob ad gi- fi cis da de ba yve la ze Ti miRwe ve bis gamo gamo ricxu li ar aris, T vis saval de bu lo ar aris. dRes ofi ci a- leb Si Sesv la ufa soa. “Tu jari gavli li rom erT dRe sac cxel wertil Si moxv des. lu ri mo na ce me biT 1,646 qa li msaxu robs. ar gaqvs, SesaZ loa, sam sa xu ri ver iSo vo”, da sa max sov re be li cxel wer tilSi ar yo fi la, magram ag vis- maT Soris aris cirac, rome lic Tvlis – ambobs lika. privi le gi e bis miu xe da vad, tos mov le ne bis dros mowi na aR m de gis Se Ce- rom jaris ka co ba rTu li pro fe siaa. “ro ca eb ra el gogo na Ta erTi mesa me di jarSi msa- dRe iyo Cems cxovre ba Si re bas va zi a nis sam xed ro ba zi dan cdi lob- for mas ic vam, ar unda ifiqro SiSze, ukan- xurs sasje laR s ru le biT da we se bu le ba Si da, 23 wlis jaris ka ci qali ci ra ki la Ze. da xe va ze. gacno bi e re bu li unda gqon des is was v las am jo bi nebs. jaris ka co ba ze uaris is ra el Si sam xed ro fi ci qa lebma pir- is meoTxe briga dis kavSir gab mu lo bis kvan- pa su xis mgeb lo ba, ra sac jar Si samsa xu ri Tqma sa mi dan xuT wlamde Ta vi suf le bis aR k- ve lad 1948 wels dades. isini Tavi dan Zis saxe los nos teqni ko sia. uni ver si te tis gakis rebs. Tu ga be de da forma er Txel ve TiT isje ba. likas T vi sac jarSi wasv lis mxo lod ad mi nis t ra ci ul sam sa xur Si msa xu- das ru le bis Sem deg fi lo lo gad mu Sa o bas, Ca ic vi, aRar unda ga i xa do”, - acxa debs is. erT-er Ti mi ze zi swo red es iyo.” mivi Re Tu rob d nen. sa a vi a cio sam sa xur Si 1991 wels sa qar T ve los Sei a ra Re bul Zaleb Si samsa xu- ci ras TqmiT, jarSi fu Wi oc ne be bi saT vis ara gaw ve vis mow mo ba, arc davfiq re bul var, Ca eb nen. 2006 wli dan ki sruli ad ari an ri ar Cia da for ma mo ir go. “saqar T ve lo Si dro nak le bad aris. Tu odesme ojaxis Seq- ise Ca va la ge pi radi niv Te bi da gamw vev pun- Car Tulni samxed ro saq me Si. bo lo mona- jer kidev ukvirT formi a ni qa lis danax va m nas gadawy vets, cxovre bis Tanam g zav rad q t Si ga mov cxad di. was v la nam d vi lad ar ce me biT, is ra e lis Sei a ra Re bu li Zale bis da bev ri qa lis jarSi sam sa xurs ar amarT- isev sam xed ro pirs airCevs. bav S v Ta fex bur Tsa da umaRles ligas Soris dakarguli talanti ka ki yifSi Ze TqmiT, fex bur Te lad Camo ya li be ba Si di di fi zi ku r janmr Te lo ba ze zru navs. “yofi la ro li swor kvebas ukavia, gan sa kuT re biT Sem Tx ve ve bi, ro ca san d ros Tama Si skolis gar da texis asakSi. amJa mad kveba ze kont- sa a Tebs em Tx ve o da, Tumca, me mainc skola- sa qar T ve lo Si sa fex bur To sko leb Si ro li mxo lod 10-15 dRi an Sekre beb ze Si mimyav da, radgan ar minda Ce mi Svili 20,000 bavS vi iricxe ba. 14 wlam de asak Si xor ci el deba, rac, ra Tqma un da, sak ma ri si spor t s me ni gamo vi des. yvela spor t s mens qar Tu li gunde bi warma te bebs aRwe ven ar aris. ka ri e ris dam T avre bis Sem deg janmr Te lo- sa er Ta So ri so as pa rez ze, ra sac bo lo xu Ti “da sawyis Si yvela fe ri kar gad aris. mgo- bis probleme bi aqvs. ar minda Cemma Svil ma wlis ganmav lo ba Si da ni a Si Cata re bul nia, rom moma val vars k v lavs vzrdi, Tumca igi ve ga mo ca dos”, – ga nacxa da gia rexvi aS- Se jib r ze mo po ve bu li sap ri zo ad gi le bi gadis dro da aRmoC n de ba, rom an dai Wi res, vil ma. “ni kac da mec Za li an mondo me bu lebi mow mobs. ra di ka lu rad gan s x va ve buli mdgo- an fi zi ku rad veRar viTar deba da TamaSs man ase ve isic das Zi na, rom sporti sa qar- varT. varji Sis gar da, yo vel diliT va kis ma re o baa 18-dan 21 wlam de asakSi, sadac ver axerxebs”, – am bobs mwvrTneli. T ve lo Si mom ge bi a ni ar aris da ur Cev nia par k Si darbis, ezo Sic ago rebs burTs da qar Tu li klube bi da sa qar T ve los axal- gia ka ku li as ga moc di le ba Si aris iseTi mis ma Svil ma wig neb Tan urTi er To biT mi aR- Ta vis drozec iZi nebs”. gaz r du li nak re be bi ver axerxe ben sap ri zo Sem Tx ve ve bi, ro ca bav S vi ni Wi e ri da mon do- wi os warma te bas. ni ka 55-e sko lis mos wav lea. imis ga mo, ad gi le bis mopo ve bas. me bu lia, mSobe li ki saTa na do yuradRe bas san d ros oc ne ba fex bur Te lo baa, Tavi si rom did energi a sa da dros uT mobs fex- gia ka ku lia 2001 wli dan safex bur To ar aqcevs, radgan ar surs misi Svilis fex- ku mi ric hyavs da, mi si ve TqmiT, yvela fers burTs, aris SemTx ve ve bi, ro ca gak ve Ti lebs sko la “ira os” bav S v Ta mwvrTnelia. am xnis bur Te lo ba. “bev r jer miv sul var mSo bel- mo i moq me debs, rom leo nel mesi viT iTa- ac dens an mo um za de be li midis skola Si. gan mav lo ba Si mas mraval ni Wi er bavS v Tan Tan da miT q vams mis Svilze, rom Zal zed maSos. “min da rom fexbur Te li gav x de da Tum ca ni kas babua am faqts gage biT eki de- hqon da urTi er To ba, Tum ca, misi ve gancxa- ni Wi e ria da miTxo via yu radReba mi aq ci on sa qar T ve los nak reb Si vi Tama So, yovel ba, rad gan sjera Ta vi si SviliS vi lis niWis de biT, arc erT maT gans profe si o na lu ri mis kvebas da Zilis re Jims. Tumca, mSob- di liT roca viR vi Zeb er Ti su li maqvs da aq cents ara swav la ze, ara med fexbur T- do ni saT vis ar mi uR we via, ris mize za dac le bis az riT, spor ti mxolod gar To baa ro dis wa val var jiS ze”, – am bobs san d ro. ze akeTe bi nebs. is moed nis gareT bavS vis sust kon t rols da sxva ara fe ri. aseTi da mo ki de bu le bis kiTx va ze, swavla ur Cevnia Tu fex bur Ti, ge la ka kuli as TqmiT, proble ma isev asa xe lebs. gamoc xSi rad ikarge ba ta lan ti”, – am bobs san d rom arCe va ni maSin ve fexbur T ze Se a- fi nan sebs ukavSir de ba. “sa qar T velo Si fex- “mSob le bis 70 %-s bavS ve bi fexbur T ze ka ku lia. Ce ra. bur T Si fu li uaz rod ideba da Zi ri Ta dad mxo lod imi tom mo yavT, rom axal gazr da gia rex vi aSvi li 37 wlis biznes me nia. re vaz maR la fe ri Ze, 72 wlis pensi o ne ri, uk ve umaRle si ligis gundebs xmarde baT. qu Cis ze gav le nis qveS ar moeq ces, mis fex- igi yofi li sports me nia da Tavis 12 wlis yo fi li fexbur Te lia da Tavi si 11 wlis Tumca isi ni ev roas pa rez ze warma te bas bur Te lad Ca mo ya li be ba ze ki nak le bad Svi li san d ro “ira os” sa fex bur To sko la Si Svi liS vi li ni ka ma nac “iraos” safex bur To ma inc ver aR we ven”. mi si az riT, “fu li bav S- zru na ven”, – acxa debs gia ka kulia. misi ve da yavs. rogorc ambobs, ubra lod bavS vis sko la Si mi iy va na. v Ta fex bur T Si unda Ca i dos”. 18 CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT BSJ samuzeumo reforma mnaxvelTa interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT na Tia ru sa Ze e bi jgu fe bis mixed viT: ar qe o lo gia, fer we- ra, eTnog ra fia da a. S., rad gan TiTo e ul saqar T velo Si arse bu li muze u me bis jgufs Ta vi si spe ci fi ka aqvs. ki dev er Ti Se no bebs remon ti utarde ba, umjo bes de ba mniS v ne lo va ni xa zi re for mi sa, we reT lis eq s po na te bis Se nax vi sa da mov lis pi ro be bi, az riT, saxel m ZR va ne lo e bisa da gzam k v lev- per so nals utarde ba tre nin ge bi, bavS ve bis- Ta eleqt ro nu li versi e bis Seqm naa. T vis xor ci el de ba sa gan ma naTleb lo prog- “ka fe, ma Ra zia - msgav si TavSey ris adgi- ra me bi. ganax le bu li sa mu ze u mo Seno be bi le bi xal xis mo zid vis T vis auci le be li mo ma val wels ga ix s ne ba. faq to ria”, – am bobs miSa we re Te li: “jana- 2005 wels saqar T ve los erov nulma mu ze- Si as mu ze um Si Se ve li eT erT did dar bazs, um ma re for mis ganxor ci e le ba da iwyo, rom- ro mel sac muze um Si mo su li adami a ne bis lis Sede gad sxvadas x va sko lis mos wav le- das ve ne bi sa da gan t vir T vis T vis ga mo vi ye- e bi ufasod daes w r nen sa ganma naTleb lo nebT.” kur sebs ar qe o lo gi a sa da ge o lo gi aSi. bav- ucxo u ri mu ze u me bis msgavsad, saqar T- S ve bis T vis Se iq m na sas wav lo-Se mec ne bi Ti ve lo Si audio gi de bis Semo Re bas api re ben, prog ra ma me xa li Ce o bis Sesa xeb saxe lad anu yursas me ne bis moy va ru le bi ama Tu “mo diT, gavy veT Zafs”. mimdi na re obs prog- im xelov ne bis ni mu Sis is to ri as maTT vis ra ma dev ni li bav S ve bis T vis, ro mel Sic 200 sa sur vel enaze mois me nen. Tavi dan audio- bav S via Car Tu li. gi de bi mxo lod qar Tul da in g li sur eneb- “bav S vo ba Si muze u me bi arc ise mimzid ve- ze imuSa vebs, moma val Si ki maT ger ma nu li li da sain te re so iyo CemT vis”, – ambobs 47 da fran gu li enebic dae ma te ba. wlis Ten giz bo ku Ca va, in Ji ne ri: “mu ze um Si ja na Si as sa xe lobis isto ri is muze u mis uf ro xaTriT davy ve bo di mSoblebs, gaci- gi di la ma ra ba RaS vi li am bobs, rom uam ra- le biT mer Civ na va kis park Si gase ir ne ba.” vi msurve li mo uT men lad elis muze u me bis “mu ze u mis umniS v ne lo va ne si misiaa, wvli- gaxs nas, perso na li ki “axal, ga far To e bul li Se i ta nos mo ma va li Ta o be bis ganaT le- are al Si” muSa o bas, rac imas niS navs, rom ba Si. gamo fe ne bi, ko leq ci e bi, mecni e ru li Tu aqamde gide bi mxo lod im mu ze u mis eq s- kvle ve bi, sa zo ga do e bis, upir ve le sad, mos- po na te bis is to ri is cod niT Se mo i far g le- wav le e bis, ga naT le bas un da emsa xu re bo- bod nen, romel Sic mu Sa ob d nen, axla, ram de- des.” ambobs erovnu li muze u mis ge ne ra- ni me tre nin gis Sem deg gi debs sa qar T ve los lu ri direq to ri daviT lorT qi fa ni Ze yve la im mu ze um Si SeuZ liaT mu Sa o ba, rom- foto: naTia rusaZe sa qar T ve los erov nu li mu ze u mis “sagan ma- leb sac erov nu li muze u mi aerTi a nebs. naT leb lo cen t ris mac ne Si”. ga mo ce ma sko- mTaw min da ze, gudi aSvi lis quCa ze “saqar- ri re bis sis te mis daner g vas gu lis x mobs. bis mu ze um Si mu mia rom aris, me er Ti wlis lis moswav le ebsa da yve la dain te re se bul T ve los erovnu li mu ze u mi”, saja ro bib- “bo los sa qar T ve los mu ze u meb Si ro dis win ga vi ge, arada unda mcod no da.” ada mi ans msofli os sxvadas x va, maT Soris, li o Te ka, Tbi li sis me ria da GMT jgu fi vi ya vi, arc max sovs, mgo ni bev ri mu ze u mi erov nu li mu ze u mis re for mis erT-erTi qar Tul muze u mebs, maT isto ri as, Tana med- sa mu ze u mo qu Cis Seq m nas geg ma ven. kon k- arc gvaqvs”, – ambobs 22 wlis iuristi ana Tval sa Ci no ma gali Ti siRna Ris mu ze u mia. ro ve mu ze u me bis spe ci fi kasa da si ax le ebs re tu li dro cno bi li ar aris, rad gan qe ba Ze. is saer TaSo ri so stan dar tebs Se e sa ba me ba ac nobs. amJa mad mi si gamo ce ma Se Ce re bu lia jer am quCa ze mSe neb lo be bi mimdi na re obs. “min da, rom eqs po zi ci e bi uf ro mra val- da bev ri dam T va li e re be li hyavs. da, ro gorc erov nul muze um Si ambo ben, axa- sa mu ze u mo quCis Seq m nis Semdeg, ro gorc fe ro va ni iyos. mox des ga mo fe nis or ma gad daax lo e biT 25 wlis win ev ro pa sa da li wlisT vis ganax l de ba. erov nul muze um Si ambo ben, im adgi las sa in te re sod war mo Ce na. muze u mi ar unda ameri ka Si muze u mi asocir de bo da Zve li re for ma qar Tu li muze u me bis saer TaSo- ukon t ro lod veRar gan vi Tar de ba biz ne si iyos gan Tav se bu li Cve u leb riv Seno ba Si, ya i dis mo sawyen da we se bu le basTan, ro me- ri so stan dar te bi sad mi daq vem de ba re bas da veRar aSende ba ar se bu li gare mos Seu sa- anu mas un da hqon des gansa kuTre bu li ga na- lic nak leb yuradRe bas aq cev da dam T va li- iT va lis wi nebs. mi si Ziri Tadi miza nia da a- ba mo Seno be bi. Te bis sis te me bi da a. S.” - es 24 wlis fsi- e re bel Ta in te re seb sa da sur vi lebs. axla in te re sos is ada mi a ne bic ki, rom le bic ara- 2004 wels Seqm nil “saqar T ve los erov- qo lo gis, ni no aleliS vi lis az ria; xolo mu ze u mis ro li Se ic va la, is mnax ve lis so des yofi lan muze um Si, ambobs erov nu li nul muze ums” mTeli inf ras t ruq tu ris 30 wlis mxatva ri guram pa tar qa liS vi li moTxov nebs iT va lis wi nebs – naxos da iswav- mu ze u mis direq to ris moad gi le miSa we re- cvli le be bis dawyeba mo u wia. man rva mu ze u- fiqrobs, rom “Cven muze u mebs sa na xa o ba los axali ram, dat k bes siZve le Ta xil viT, Te li. mi si az riT, erT-er Ti yvela ze mniS- mi da samec ni e ro in s ti tu ti ga a er Ti a na. am ak lia, e. w. “dra i vi”. Za li an SezRu du lia kom for tu lad gaa ta ros dro, am sur vi le- v ne lo va ni koleq ci e bis marT vaa - yve la gaer Ti a ne biT daiwyo refor me bi, rac Ta na- ma Ti sa mu Sao sa a Te bi, Tan bevr raRa cas ar bis asru le bas qar Tu li muze u me bic xalxs mu ze um ma un da da a xa ris xos Tavi si ko leq ci- med ro ve menej men tsa da erTi a ni admi nis t- gvaC ve ne ben da sa ca veb Si ina xa ven. xe lov ne- uax lo es mo ma valSi pirde be bi an. iumoris tu li gada ce me bis rei tin gi merye obs gi or gi afci a u ri gavi da, rei tin gi 25 % hqon da da 5 Tvis Sem- deg 12 % gauxda. gada ce ma eTer Si gasv lis “ko medi Sous” dasawyisSi rei tin gi 40 % hqonda, 5 wlis Semdeg –14 %; dRi dan 1 weli wad Si dai xu ra. am ga da ce mis qarTul iumo ris tul ga dace mebs eTer- re i tin gis da ce mis mTa va ri mi ze zi, ni ka qav- “klab Sous” – 18 % da 1 wlis Semdeg 14 %; Si gas v li dan ma Ra li re i tin gi- sa Su a lod Ta ra Zis azriT, gamo uc de lo ba da aras wo ri 20-40 % aqvT, magram 3 Tvis Semdeg rei- “sici lis zonas” – 10 % da 1 Tvis Semdeg 8 % me nej men ti iyo. igi am bobs, rom msgavsi tin gi klebu lobs da gada ce ma ma yure bels gada ce mis ke Te ba sa qar T ve lo Si Za li an Zne- kar gavs. lia, radgan pata ra ba za ria da Tema ti kis sa er Tod, sxva rames iTxovs da sxva iumor- vils: “mayu re be li yo vel T vis marTa lia. iumo ris tu li gada ce me bis, mTava ri mene- de fi ci tia. “me maxsovs ame ri ku li Ra mis ze icinis. “Tu ar daiWya ne, ar icini an, Ce mi azriT, gada ce mis keTe ba Sia proble ma. je ris, aleqsi malxa ziS vi lis TqmiT, eTer- So us wam y van ma jei le nom erT gada ce ma Si klasi kur inte leq tu a lur iumors ver mTa va ri is aris, ro gor akeTeb, Tu ga da- Si gas v lis dRidan “vanos So us” rei tingi stum rad kosmo si dan ast ro nav te bi CarTo. ige ben”. ce mas daba li rei tin gi aqvs e.i. mas ver 20 % iyo. ori wlis Semdeg is 11,7 %-mde msgav si ramis ga ke Te ba sa qarT ve lo Si SeuZ- ja va xiS vi lis az riT, “va nos So us” kon- ake Te ben”. da e ca. le be lia. maRa li donis gada ce mis gake Te- ku ren ti ar hyavs, Tum ca, kargi iqne ba, Tu go gi Ca iS vi li arc im azrs eTanx me ba, rom aleq si malxa ziS vi li, iumoris tu li gada- bas bev ri Tan xe bi Wirde ba”. eyo le ba, rad gan kon ku ren cia, mi si az riT, sa qar T ve lo Si maRa li do nis ga da ce mis ga ke- ce me bis mTa va ri me ne je ri, rei tingis var d- iumo ris tu li gada ce me bis erT-er Ti sce- kar gia, rad gan, rac metia kon ku ren cia Te bas bevri fu li sWirde ba. “var s k v la vuri nis mTa var mi ze zad maRal kon ku ren tul na ris tis, zaza bi bi laS vi lis azriT, “sce- uf ro cdilob, rom xaris xi a ni iumo ri “ake- ome bis” gada Re ba 80-jer me ti dajda, vid- gare mos asa xe lebs. misi az riT, zo ga dad, na ris te bi ki ar ari an cota, aramed kar gi To”, rom konku ren t ma ar ga jo bos. re “mSveni e ri go ne bis”, mag ram “mSve ni er ma qar Tu li ar xe bi s yure ba do bam iklo, xo lo sce na ris te bi ar arian bevr ni, Tumca, saqar- iumo ris tu li gada ce me bis mayu reb lis, go ne bam” ajo ba, Se mo sav le bis mxriv, ufro ucxo u ri ar xe bi sa da in terne tis mox ma re- T ve lo Si iseTi Teme bis nak le bo bac aris, 22 wlis, da To mi Sve la Zis TqmiT, is yve- me ti ga i yi da e.i. ufro kargi ga ke Te bu li bam mo i ma ta: “Ce mi az riT, in ter ne tis bra- ra Te ma zec Se iZ le ba xum ro ba da we ros la ze xSirad “vanos Sous” uyurebs, radgan iyo, fuli arafer Su a Sia”, – ambobs go gi- lia, radgan gada ce mis molo di nis momen ti sce na ris t ma”. gada ce ma asa xavs qve ya na Si mim di na re movle- Ca iS vi li. aRar arse bobs”, – am bobs malxa ziS vi li. is Te ma ti ki sa da kar gi scena ris te bis nakle- nebs da xum ro be bic Ziri Ta dad aqtu a lur mi si azriT, iumorze yvela ze didi fiq robs, rom sa qar T ve lo Si iumo ris tu li bo bas asa xe lebs mTavar prob le mad “va nos Temeb zea. daTo miSve la Zis TqmiT, igi SezRud ve bi da nakle bi dafi nan se ba sab Wo- gada ce me bis prob le ma sce na ris te bis sim ci- So us” wamy va ni vano java xiS vi lic. ga da ce- uf ro xSi rad uyureb da gada ce mas, ro de sac Ta kavSi ris dros iyo, magram yvela ze sasa- res Ta nac aris dakav Si re bu li. mis gas v li sas pir ve li efeq ti sul sxvaa, is axali dawyebu li iyo. “ga dace mis dawye- ci lo anegdo te bi maSin iq m ne bo da. ima ve prob le ma ze sa ub robs ga dace ma “n 3 Tve gada ce ma ar se bobs, Semdeg saxu ma ro bas sul velo debo di xol me, main te re seb da go gi Ca iS vi lma jguf Tan erTad axali So us” wam y va ni nika qav Tara Ze. misi az riT, Te ma im de nad mcirea, rom ukve unda izru- mom dev no ga dace ma Si raze iqne bo da xum- iumo ris tul ga dace ma daiwyo, ro me lic sa qar T ve lo Si scena ris te bis tradi ci u li no mis Senar Cu ne ba sa da sta bi lur re i tin g- ro be bi, ax lac vu yu reb, mag ram ise xSirad yo vel paras kevs gadis eTer Si da ramde ni- sko lis ararse bo bis gamo, mxolod TviTnas- ze”, – ambobs is. aRar. kargi iqne ba, rame si ax les Tu Se i ta- me wamy va ni yavs. axali gada ce ma qar Tul wav li sce na ris te bi arian. “scena ris to ba ja va xiS vi lis azriT, qarT ve li mayu re- nen ga dace ma Si”,- ambobs da To. iumo ris tul ba zar ze kon ku ren ci as me tad aras d ros ar iyo Semo sav lis wya ro, benzin- be li Zali an preten zi u li da mom Txov nia, iumo ris tul ga dace meb ze gan s xva ve bu li gaz r dis. am dro i saT vis ba zar ze da viT gasa marT sad gur ze mu Sa o ba uf ro pers peq- rac imas niSnavs, rom yovel T vis si ax les Se xe du le ba aqvs te le kom pa nia “ime dis” go gi Ca iS vi lis, aleqsi malxa ziS vi li sa da ti u lad iTv le bo da”, – ambobs qav Ta ra Ze. iTxovs. javaxiSvili fiqrobs, rom xal xi, prog ra me bis direq tors, da viT gogi Ca iS- mi Sa mSvil daZis jgufe bi moRva we oben. qav Ta ra Zis TqmiT, “n Sou” eTer Si rom BSJ CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT 19 ganvi Ta re bis cen t r ma” bi om ra val fe rov ne- bis kon ser va ci i sa da kvle ve bis centr “nak- frTxi lad, Sxam qi mi ka te bi! res Tan” erTad Caa ta ra iaR lu jas samar xis ni a dagis anali zi, ris Se de ga dac ga mo av li- ka mi la mame do va nes iseTi mavne pesti ci de bi, ro go ric aris DDT (dus ti) da di od ri ni. “dus ti, di od ri ni es yve la fe ri Sxa mia, arasam Tav ro bo or gani zaci am “mar ne u- rom lis daniS nu le ba mwe re bis ga nad gu re- lis rai o nis kultu ra Ta So ris ganvi Ta re- baa da ara - ada mi a ne bis”, – ambobs “nak re- bis cent ri” 2008 wels iaR lu jas te ri to- sis” eqs per ti ka xa ar civa Ze. misi TqmiT, ri a ze Sxam qi mi ka te bis sa mar xis eko lo gi u- iaR lu jas mTa Sxamqi mi ka te bis samar xis T vis ri usafr Txo e bis Se sa xeb pro eq ti gana xor- kar gi adgi lia. “sak ma od Rrmad aris grun- ci e la. pro eq tis miza ni iyo kom pe ten tur tis wylebi, Seda re bi Ti sim S ra lea, sa qar T- or gano eb Tan dia lo gis gziT ga daeq ci aT ve los sxva te ri to ri e bi sa gan gan s x va ve biT, Sxam qi mi ka te bis samar xi usafr Txo zonad, es adgi li yve la ze metad akma yo fi lebs rom mimde ba re teri to ri a ze myo fi adami a- Se nax vis moTxov nebs. rogorc vi ci, samar xi ne bis janm r Te lo bas Tu sxva cocxal or ga- ganad gu re bu lia”, – ambobs ar ci va Ze. niz mebs safr Txe ar Seq m no daT. proeq tis eq s per tis TqmiT, aRmo Ce ni li pesti ci- bo los iaRlu jas samar x ze pa su xis m ge bel de bi aris mxolod im anali ze bis Se de gi, in s tan ci as ver miak v li es. bi om ra val fe rov- ra zec ara sam Tav ro bo or ga ni za ci as eyo ne bis konser va ci is da kvleve bis cen t ris Tan xa. “kidev ramde ni sxva uf ro mav ne Sxa- eq s per tis TqmiT, Sxam qi mi ka te bi ada mi a nis mia ara vin icis”, – aRniSnavs igi. on ko lo gi ur daa va de be biT das ne u le bis nar Ce ne bi sa da qi mi u ri nivTi e re bebis safr Txes zrdis. sam mar T ve los ufro sis ala ver di Car q se- iaR lu jas mTa ganla gebu lia qvemo qar T- li a nis TqmiT, es pes ti ci de bi saqo nels da lis re gi on Si mar ne u lis mu ni ci pa li tet sa mo sax le o bas safr Txes ar uqm nis. foto: da qalaq rusTavs Soris. teri to ria gaT- kamila mamedova “nak re sis” eq s per ti ki am bobs: “dusti da va lis wine bu li iyo zamT ris sa Zov re bi saT- mar ne u lis muni ci pa li te tis sak re bu los, ver ga dav W riT. magram Cven Seg viZ lia di od ri ni ar ga nic dis daSlas ise Ti bu neb- vis. sof lis meur ne o bis sami nis t ros”, – ambobs xma maR la vTqvaT, rom sa mar xi ga nad gu re- ri vi klima tu ri movle ne biT, rogo ri caa pro eq tis di req to ris, Teimu r beri Zis Te mur be ri Ze. bu lia. am te ri to ri a ze Sedis saqo ne li, wvi ma, mze da a. S. ar iSle ba, agreT ve mce- in for ma ci iT, Sxamqi mi ka te bis sa mar xi iaR- sof lis meur ne o bis sami nis t ros we ril- dadis ada mi a ni, sa xel m wi fom amas unda mi xe- na re ul safar Si. Tu cxove li Se Wams im mce- lu jas mTis teri to ri a ze sabWo Ta kav- Si naT q va mia: dos”, – acxa debs beri Ze. na res, ro mel mac Se i wo va aR niS nu li Sxam- Si ris dros, 1978 wels, gaC n da. “me maSin “ba to no, Temur, gare mos dacvi sa da bu neb ri vi resur- qi mi ka te bi, Tavad xdeba mi si ma ta re be li, vmu Sa ob di sof lis me ur ne o bis teq ni ka Si, sa mi nis t rom ga ni xi la Tqve ni we ri li, se bis sa mi nis t ros narCe ne bis da qimi u ri rad ganac Sxami gada dis cxove lis cxi mo van iyo ase Ti struq tu ra. ro gorc ma Sin del ro me lic Se e xe ba mar ne u lis teri to ri a ze niv Ti e re be bis sammar T ve los uf ro sis, ala- na wil Si. Tu adami a ni moix mars ase Ti cxo ve- xelm ZR va nels, dame va la Sxam qimi ka te bis ar se bu li Sxamqi mi ka te bis samar xis ekolo- ver di Car q se li a nis TqmiT, iaRlu jas teri- lis xorcs, maSin aRniS nu li Sxam qi mi ka te bi sa mar xis mowyo ba. yve la pi ro ba iyo da cu- gi u ri usaf r Txo e bis sakiTxs. to ri a ze ar se bu li Sxam qi mi ka te bis sa mar xi ada mi a nis or ga niz m Si moxv de ba da es iw vevs li. 200-300 metr siRr me Si gakeT da beto- amas Tan dakav Si re biT gacno bebT, rom ara vis ba lan s ze ar aris: “su bi eq te bi, vis on ko lo gi u ri da a va de bis risk-fak to ris nis bunke re bi, ra Sic Cai ya ra es nar Ce ne bi, we ril Si aRniS nu li obi eq ti ar iricxeba ba lan s zec samar xi iyo, aRar arse bo ben. gaz r das. imis mtkice ba, rom adami a ni dai Ru- da id ga Robe da dava ye neT dac va”, – ambobs sof lis me ur ne o bis sami nis t ros balan s ze. sam wu xa rod, un da aR v niS no is faq ti, rom pa mis or ganiz m Si aR niS nu li Sxam qi mi ka te- Te mu r be ri Ze. pa ti vis ce miT, sa mar xis oTxi heq ta ri ara vis ba lan s ze bis gamo, jerje ro biT SeuZ le be lia, mag ram mi si ve TqmiT, ram de ni me we lia, sa mar xi ba kur kveze re li araa”. mi u xe davad imi sa, rom Sxamqi mi ka te- uar yo fac ar SegviZ lia”. upat ro nod aris. “vi Ra cam aiRo da eqs ka va- mi nis t ris pirve li moad gi le bis sa mar xi ar aris ga re mos dac vis sami- “mar ne ulis ra io nis kul tu ra Ta Soris to riT ga moTxa ra miwa, daam t v ria beto nis (2008 w. mar ti)” nis t ros balan s ze, al ver di Carq se li a nis ganvi Ta re bis cent r ma”, ro gorc misi direq- bun ke ri, ris Se de ga dac es Sxam qi mi ka te bi “mar ne u lis mu ni ci pa li te tis ba lan s zec TqmiT, sa mar xis prob le mis mogva re bas mxo- tori Te mur be riZe am bobs, pro eqtis mi wis zemoT aR moC n da”. ar imyo fe ba sa mar xi, ro gorc we ri lo biT lod saer TaSo ri so or ga ni za ci e bis dax ma- bo los iaR lu jas samar x ze pasu xis mge bel pro eq tis farg leb Si orga ni za ci as samar- mac no bes sak re bu lo dan”, – ambobs be ri Ze. re bis Sem Tx ve va Si SeZle ben. “es aris er Ti in s tan ci as ver miak v lia, magram proeq tis xis ekolo gi u ri mdgoma re o bis Sesa xeb sa qar T ve los gare mos dacvi sa da bu neb- mi li o ni dola ris saq me, Cven ukve dav we- far g leb Si sa in for ma cio buk le te bi daam- in for ma cia un da mo eg ro ve bi na da mi e wo de- ri vi re sur se bis sami nis t rom orga ni za ci is reT proeq ti samar xis rea bi li ta ci is Tao- za da da usafr Txo e bis niS ne bi sa gan rusul bi na Se sa ba mi si struq tu ri saT vis. Tumca, we ri li upasu xod dato va. ba ze da ve liT dafi nan se bas”, – aRniS navs da qarTul enaze warwe re biT “fTxilad, ro me li struqtu ris balan s ze aris samar xi, “Cve ni proeq ti 5,000 do la ris farg leb- Car q se li a ni. Sxam qi mi ka tebi!”, sa marxs pa ta ra Ro be Se mo- ver gaar k vi es. “Cven mivmar TeT weri lo biT Sia. am samar xis prob le mas damo u ki deb lad “mar ne u lis ra i o nis kul tu ra Ta Sori si ar tyes. komer ci u li banke bi ufro kon serva ti u li gaxd nen

Tamuna bubaSvili e basTn urTi er To bis samsa xu ris uf ro si “ses xis aReba Se giZlia, Tu xelfa si “Ti- se bis mozid vas cdi lo ben. “Ti-bi-si” bank Si ka xa bara ba Ze. bi-si” bank Si gericxe ba, an rame saxiT Cveni am bo ben, rom daax lo e biT 200 mili o ni agvis tos mov le ne bis Sem deg biz nes ga re- eko no mi kis eq s pert maia go naS vi lis kli en ti xar, ma gali Tad, gan va de ba gaqvs,” do la ris in ves ti cia mo i zi des, “sa qar T ve- mos arasta bi lu ro bis gamo, komer ci u li TqmiT, omis dros banke bi sa ris ko si tu a- – ambobs “Ti-bi-si” bankis sazo ga do e bas Tan los banki” ki mola pa ra ke bebs 240 mili o- ban ke bi ufro konser va ti u li gaxd nen, rac ci a Si imyo fe bodnen. samo mav lo prog nozs ur Ti er To bis depar ta men tis ufro si maia ni ameri ku li do la ris ode no biT Tan xis ses xe bis ga ce mis gamkac re ba Sic gamo i xa ta. ve ra vin akeTeb da. klien teb ma ban ke bi dan Zir k ve liS vi li. gamo yo fa ze saer Ta So ri so safi nan so in s ti- omis dros saban ko seqtor ma kon f liq tis di di odeno bis Tanxe bi ga i ta nes da saban ko “zus tad ver getyviT, ra Se ic va la, imi- tu teb Tan awarmo ebs. 2009 wlis T vis ban ki pirda pir zemoq me de bas gauZ lo, Tumca, an ga ri Sebic faqti u rad da ca ri el da. tom rom erT kvi ras Se iZ le ba sxva pi ro- ki dev 100 mili o ni do la ris odeno biT eq s per te bis azriT, sa ban ko seqto ri saT- “va daga da ci le bu li kre di te bis ra o de- be bi gvqon des da me o re kvi ras ki dev sul re sur sis mozid vas geg mavs. vis ga mo yo fi li dax ma rebis mi u xe davad, no ba ag vis tos movle ne bis Sem deg 35 %-mde sxva. omamde konk re tu lad dadge ni li piro- 22 oq tom bers bri u sel Si ga mar Tul mo sa lod ne li riske bis Se fa se ba jer ki dev gai zar da, rac mo u lod ne li iyo sa ban ko be bi iyo, ax la yo vel k vi re ulad icv le ba”, do nor Ta konfe ren ci a ze, romel sac msof- rTu lia. seq to ris T vis. Semdeg limi te bi da wes da da – am bobs “qar Tu bankis” sak re di to depar- lio banki da ev ro ko mi sia maspin Z lob da, bri u sel Si ga marTul Sex ved ra ze msof- sa xel fa so ba ra Te bi dan Tanxe bis ga ta nac ta men tis direq to ri zu rab gogua. sa qar T ve los komer ci ul ban kebs 850 mili- lio banki sa da ev ro ko misi is ini ci a ti viT ki Se izRu da”,– ambobs go naSvi li. eq sper ti maia go naS vi li ko mer ci ul o ni ameri ku li do la ri ga mo uy ves. sa Wi- sa moc da a Tam de qveya na 850 mi li o ni ame- “qar Tu bank Si” sesxe bis gace mis SeCe re- ban keb Si mom sa xu re bis gaZvi re ba sa da pro- ro e ba Ta Sefa se bis mox se ne ba Si, rome lic ri ku li dola riT daex ma ra sa qarT ve los bas da debi Tad ar afase ben, Tumca Tvli an, cen te bis 30-36 %-mde gazr da ze sa ub robs. msof lio ban kis xelm ZR va ne lo biT gan xor- sa ban ko seqtors. rogor gada na wil de ba es rom im dros es swori gadawy ve ti le ba Tum ca am bobs, rom “momsa xu re o ba ze fa sis cie lebul ma mi siam mo amza da, naT q va mia, Tan xa, jer aravin sa ub robs. iyo.,, omis dros mea nab re e bi pa ni ka Si Cavar- gaz r da arc bankebs awyobT. banke bis er Ta- rom saban ko seqtor ma ga uZ lo kon f liq tis zafxulSi erov nul ma ban k ma, ko mer ci u- d nen da fu li banke bi dan gai ta nes. erT der Ti wyaro sa er TaSo ri so ins ti tu te bi- pir da pir zemoq me de bas, Tumca kvlav rCe ba li banke bi sa da maTi klien te bis dazR ve vis kvi ra Si, omis dros, yvela ban ki dan naxe- dan mi Re buli Se Ra va Ti a ni grZelva di a ni mok le va di a ni post kon f liq tu ri gamow ve- miz niT, axa li me qa niz mi, “refi nan si re bis var mili ard lar ze me ti ga vi da,” – ambobs kre di te bia, ro me lic yve la banks ar ga mo- ve bi. ses xi” Seq m na. ko mer ci ul ma ban keb ma, 11 gi or gi tri pol s ki, “qar Tu ban kis” xa zi nis e yo fa.’’ sa Wi roe ba Ta Se fa se bis mox se ne ba Si we ria, agvis to dan 18 ag vis tos CaT v liT safi nan- uf ro si. tri pol s kis TqmiT, kre di teb ze piro be- rom wamy van ban kebs 2009 wlisT vis sa gareo so zedam xed ve lo bis sa agen tos gankar gu- tri pol s kis TqmiT, ga ce mul ses xebs bis cvlile ba na wi lob riv la ris kur s ze va li 500 mili o ni ameri ku li do la ri eqne- le biT sesxe bis gace ma Sewy vi tes. maT aseve zo gi ve Rar fa rav da. sa ban ko seq tors erov- da ucxoeT Si ekono mi kur krizis zea da mo- baT ga da sax de li. anga riS Si ase ve naTq va- aek r Za laT inter net ban kin gis saSu a le biT nu li banki exma re bo da. erovnul ban k Si ki debu li. “ucxo u ri ban ke bi dan Cvens banks mia, rom saban ko sis te mis re fi nan si re bi sa yo vel g va ri mom sa xu re o bis gawe va. aseTi ko mer ci u li banke bis sa re zer vo Tan xa ze Tan xe bi ar Semos dis, mag ram axla ise Ti da maT mi er aRebu li saer TaSo ri so valde- gadawy ve ti le ba sa agen tom usafr Txo e bis pro cen tic Semcir da. vi Tare baa, rom fu lis Se mos v la mkveT rad bu le be bis Ses ru le bis uz run vel sa yo fad, zo me bi dan ga mom di na re mii Ro. tri pol s ki ganmartavs, rom yvela banks Sem ci re bu lia. ro ca ucxou ri ban ki fuls sa va ra u dod, 700 mili o ni ameri ku li do la- ,,im peri od Si, pirvel rig Si, mniSv ne- erov nul bank Si sa ku Tari rezer vi aqvs. es gaZlevs, jer qveynis rei tings uyu rebs. ri iq ne ba sa Wi ro. ban kis warmo mad gen le bi lo va ni iyo, rom kli en tebs misce mo daT re zer vi mTlia nad bankis mier mo zi du li re i tin gi ki omis Semdeg da e ca,” – am bobs da eqs per ti maia gonaS vi li acxade ben, rom Ta vi an Ti ses xe bis Se u fer xeb lad ga ta nis Tan xis nawils Sead gens. banke bi yovel T vi u- “qar Tu ban kis” sakre di to depar ta men tis ko mer ci u li banke bi va le bis dafar vas SeZ- Se saZ leb lo ba, radga nac, wi na aR m deg Sem- rad 13 %-s uxdid nen erov nul banks, magram di req to ri zurab gogua. igi kredi to re- le ben. Tx ve va Si, maT, Se saZ loa, dae kar gaT ndoba ax la gada saxa di 5 % gax da, danar Ce ni 8 % bis nak le bo ba zec sa ub robs. biz nes gare mos ro gor ga da na wil de ba sa ban ko seq to ris- sa ban ko seq to ris mi marT. amasTan, Seqm ni li kvlav bankebs da ub run da.” aras ta bi lu ro bis gamo kom pa ni e bis moTxov- T vis gamo yo fi li 850 mili o ni ameri ku li vi Ta re ba sak re di to ris ke bis ax le bu rad omis Semdeg sesxe bis gace ma ze piro be bi na ses xeb ze Semcir da. do la ri, amis Se sa xeb arc erov nul banks gaaz re bas saWi ro eb da”, – ambobs sa fi nan- gamkac r da. rogorc,, saqar T ve los ban k Si” dRe i saT vis banke bi sa er TaSo ri so orga- da arc sa fi nan so ze dam xed ve lo bis saa gen- so zedam xed ve lo bis saa gen tos sa zo gado- am bo ben, uf ro konser va ti u li gaxda. ni za ci e bi dan da ucxou ri ban ke bi dan finan- tos infor ma cia ar aqvs. Preparing For New Year 2009 Photo essay by Temur Bardzimashvili

Tbilisi prepares and preens for 2009. Buildings are festooned with lights and artists get busy. Oh, yes, and gingerbread lanes are paved with candy canes.

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