Teh / Zulfaqar J. Def. Mgt. Soc. Sci. Hum. 2 (2) 2019 Zulfaqar J. Def. Mgt. Soc. Sci. Hum. Vol.2 Issue 2 (2019) 86-95 ZULFAQAR Journal of Defence Management, Social Science & Humanities Journal homepage: https://zulfaqar.upnm.edu.my/ RISE AND FALL OF THE KINGDOM OF MALACCA IN THE CONTEXT OF IBN KHALDUN’S CYLICAL THEORY Wan Hashim Wan Teha a Faculty of Defence Studies & Management, National Defense University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia *Corresponding author:
[email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Malacca which had a humble beginning as a fishing village of a mixed population of Received local Malays and ‘orang laut’ was transformed to become the most significant 01-11-2018 trading emporium and entreport after the arrival of a ‘fugitive prince’ Received in revised Parameswara or ‘Permai-Suara’ later re-named as Iskandar Shah from Temasik 28-10-2019 (Singapore) having his origins from Palembang. This had attracted not only Accepted regional traders of the Malay world but also those engaged in long distance trade 30-11-2019 like the Indians, Arabs, Chinese and especially the European powers. Under the Available online capable leadership of Tun Perak, also known as Bendahara Seri Maharaja during 31-12-2019 Sultan Muzaffar, Sultan Mansur and Alauddin Riayat Shah, it became a regional centre to supply products from the spice islands as well as iron and gold from the Keywords: hinterland that were in great demand in Europe, the Middle East, India and China. Parameswara, entreport The capability of its defence was further enhanced with the protection it received trade, Ibn Khaldun’s from the Ming dynasty of China which had a symbiotic and affective diplomatic relationship with Malacca.