Towards a Medieval Palaeographical Scale (1300–1550)
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Evaluating the Impact of the Long-S Upon 18Th-Century Encyclopedia Britannica Automatic Subject Metadata Generation Results Sam Grabus
ARTICLES Evaluating the Impact of the Long-S upon 18th-Century Encyclopedia Britannica Automatic Subject Metadata Generation Results Sam Grabus ABSTRACT This research compares automatic subject metadata generation when the pre-1800s Long-S character is corrected to a standard < s >. The test environment includes entries from the third edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, and the HIVE automatic subject indexing tool. A comparative study of metadata generated before and after correction of the Long-S demonstrated an average of 26.51 percent potentially relevant terms per entry omitted from results if the Long-S is not corrected. Results confirm that correcting the Long-S increases the availability of terms that can be used for creating quality metadata records. A relationship is also demonstrated between shorter entries and an increase in omitted terms when the Long-S is not corrected. INTRODUCTION The creation of subject metadata for individual documents is long known to support standardized resource discovery and analysis by identifying and connecting resources with similar aboutness.1 In order to address the challenges of scale, automatic or semi-automatic indexing is frequently employed for the generation of subject metadata, particularly for academic articles, where the abstract and title can be used as surrogates in place of indexing the full text. When automatically generating subject metadata for historical humanities full texts that do not have an abstract, anachronistic typographical challenges may arise. One key challenge is that presented by the historical “Long-S” < ſ >. In order to account for these idiosyncrasies, there is a need to understand the impact that they have upon the automatic subject indexing output. -
Whenever There Is a Line Or Tilde Over a Vowel, It Is an Abbreviation for the Letters M Or N. in This Case, the Full Word Is Quadam
Whenever there is a line or tilde over a vowel, it is an abbreviation for the letters m or n. In this case, the full word is quadam. In this instance, the line over the e represents an omission of the letter n, giving the word debent when written in full. Whenever a word in Latin had an instance of the letter i in succession, the second i was always written as a j. This applies to all words wherein ii is present and also to the Roman numeral ii, which was written as ij. Therefore, cambij = cambii, negotijs = negotiis. The e with a cedilla was an abbreviation for the letters ae. This word spelled out is quae. Following the letter q, a period or semicolon was used as an abbreviation for the letters ue. The first example reads denique, the second one is quacunque. In the seventeenth century, the letter u and v were interchangeable and not yet viewed as two distinct letters. While not universal, a general rule is that if u or v began a word, it was written as a v; if a u or v occurred in the middle or end of a word, it was written as a u. In the 17th century, a lowercase s had two forms- one long and one short. As a general rule, when a lowercase s occurred as the first letter of the word or in any other place in the word except as the final letter, it was written with a long s, which resembles the letter f. -
The English Renaissance in Context: Looking at Older Books
The English Renaissance in Context: Looking at Older Books The History of the Book Books from the 16th and 17th centuries are both quite similar to and different from books today. The similarities include such things as use of the Codex format, general page layouts, use of title pages, etc. The codex book has been around for a long time. Its roots go back to the age of Cicero, though it only comes into more general use with the spread of Christianity throughout the later Roman Empire in the 4th and 5th centuries CE. Since then, the codex book has undergone a long and gradual evolution during which time the book, its properties, and characteristics became firmly embedded in Western consciousness. Roughly speaking, the general layout of the page that we use today came into existence in the 13th century, with the rise of the universities and the creation of books for study. It is possible, for example, to look at a page in a medieval manuscript and experience a general orientation to it, even if you cannot actually read the text. The evolution of the book, we emphasize, was slow. Such conventions as pagination, title pages, foot or endnotes, tables of contents, indices, et alia are by and large relatively recent additions. We take these features for granted; but prior to the age of Gutenberg, they are hard to find. University of Pennsylvania Libraries - 1 - Furness Shakespeare Collection The English Renaissance in Context: Looking at Older Books Renaissance books can certainly look very different from books today. They exhibit a variety and diversity that have long since been standardized and homogenized. -
Long Directed (S, T)-Path: FPT Algorithm
Long Directed (s; t)-Path: FPT Algorithm Fedor V. Fomin∗ Daniel Lokshtanovy Fahad Panolanz Saket Saurabhx Meirav Zehavi{ December 13, 2017 Abstract Given a digraph G, two vertices s; t 2 V (G) and a non-negative integer k, the Long Directed (s; t)-Path problem asks whether G has a path of length at least k from s to t. We present a simple algorithm that solves Long Directed (s; t)-Path in time O?(4:884k). This results also in an improvement upon the previous fastest algorithm for Long Directed Cycle. 1 Introduction Given a digraph (directed graph) G, two vertices s; t 2 V (G) and a non-negative integer k, the Long (Directed) (s; t)-Path problem asks whether G has an (s; t)-path (i.e. a path from s to t) of length at least k. Here, the term length refers to the number of vertices on the path, and paths are assumed to be directed simple paths. Observe that Long (s; t)-Path and k-(s; t)-Path are not equivalent problems, where that latter problem asks whether G has an (s; t)-path of length exactly k. Indeed, G may not have any (s; t)-path of length exactly k, or more generally, it may not even have any (s; t)-path of \short" length, but it may have an (s; t)-path of \long" length. For example, the only (s; t)-path of length at least k in G might be a Hamiltonian path. Both Long (s; t)-Path and k-(s; t)-Path are generalizations of the classic k-Path problem, whose objective is to determine whether G has a path of length at least k. -
Fonts for Latin Paleography
FONTS FOR LATIN PALEOGRAPHY Capitalis elegans, capitalis rustica, uncialis, semiuncialis, antiqua cursiva romana, merovingia, insularis majuscula, insularis minuscula, visigothica, beneventana, carolina minuscula, gothica rotunda, gothica textura prescissa, gothica textura quadrata, gothica cursiva, gothica bastarda, humanistica. User's manual 5th edition 2 January 2017 Juan-José Marcos [email protected] Professor of Classics. Plasencia. (Cáceres). Spain. Designer of fonts for ancient scripts and linguistics ALPHABETUM Unicode font http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/alphabet.html PALEOGRAPHIC fonts http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/palefont.html TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER Page Table of contents 2 Introduction 3 Epigraphy and Paleography 3 The Roman majuscule book-hand 4 Square Capitals ( capitalis elegans ) 5 Rustic Capitals ( capitalis rustica ) 8 Uncial script ( uncialis ) 10 Old Roman cursive ( antiqua cursiva romana ) 13 New Roman cursive ( nova cursiva romana ) 16 Half-uncial or Semi-uncial (semiuncialis ) 19 Post-Roman scripts or national hands 22 Germanic script ( scriptura germanica ) 23 Merovingian minuscule ( merovingia , luxoviensis minuscula ) 24 Visigothic minuscule ( visigothica ) 27 Lombardic and Beneventan scripts ( beneventana ) 30 Insular scripts 33 Insular Half-uncial or Insular majuscule ( insularis majuscula ) 33 Insular minuscule or pointed hand ( insularis minuscula ) 38 Caroline minuscule ( carolingia minuscula ) 45 Gothic script ( gothica prescissa , quadrata , rotunda , cursiva , bastarda ) 51 Humanist writing ( humanistica antiqua ) 77 Epilogue 80 Bibliography and resources in the internet 81 Price of the paleographic set of fonts 82 Paleographic fonts for Latin script 2 Juan-José Marcos: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The following pages will give you short descriptions and visual examples of Latin lettering which can be imitated through my package of "Paleographic fonts", closely based on historical models, and specifically designed to reproduce digitally the main Latin handwritings used from the 3 rd to the 15 th century. -
The Brill Typeface User Guide & Complete List of Characters
The Brill Typeface User Guide & Complete List of Characters Version 2.06, October 31, 2014 Pim Rietbroek Preamble Few typefaces – if any – allow the user to access every Latin character, every IPA character, every diacritic, and to have these combine in a typographically satisfactory manner, in a range of styles (roman, italic, and more); even fewer add full support for Greek, both modern and ancient, with specialised characters that papyrologists and epigraphers need; not to mention coverage of the Slavic languages in the Cyrillic range. The Brill typeface aims to do just that, and to be a tool for all scholars in the humanities; for Brill’s authors and editors; for Brill’s staff and service providers; and finally, for anyone in need of this tool, as long as it is not used for any commercial gain.* There are several fonts in different styles, each of which has the same set of characters as all the others. The Unicode Standard is rigorously adhered to: there is no dependence on the Private Use Area (PUA), as it happens frequently in other fonts with regard to characters carrying rare diacritics or combinations of diacritics. Instead, all alphabetic characters can carry any diacritic or combination of diacritics, even stacked, with automatic correct positioning. This is made possible by the inclusion of all of Unicode’s combining characters and by the application of extensive OpenType Glyph Positioning programming. Credits The Brill fonts are an original design by John Hudson of Tiro Typeworks. Alice Savoie contributed to Brill bold and bold italic. The black-letter (‘Fraktur’) range of characters was made by Karsten Lücke. -
Times and Helvetica Fonts Under Development
ΩTimes and ΩHelvetica Fonts Under Development: Step One Yannis Haralambous, John Plaice To cite this version: Yannis Haralambous, John Plaice. ΩTimes and ΩHelvetica Fonts Under Development: Step One. Tugboat, TeX Users Group, 1996, Proceedings of the 1996 Annual Meeting, 17 (2), pp.126-146. hal- 02101600 HAL Id: hal-02101600 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02101600 Submitted on 25 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ΩTimes and ΩHelvetica Fonts Under Development: Step One Yannis Haralambous Atelier Fluxus Virus, 187, rue Nationale, F-59800 Lille, France [email protected] John Plaice D´epartement d’informatique, Universit´e Laval, Ste-Foy (Qu´ebec) Canada G1K 7P4 [email protected] TheTruthIsOutThere and publishers request that their texts be typeset —ChrisCARTER, The X-Files (1993) in Times; Helvetica (especially the bold series) is often used as a titling font. Like Computer Modern, Times is a very neutral font that can be used in a Introduction wide range of documents, ranging from poetry to ΩTimes and ΩHelvetica will be public domain technical documentation.. virtual Times- and Helvetica-like fonts based upon It would surely be more fun to prepare a real PostScript fonts, which we call “Glyph Con- Bembo- or Stempel Garamond-like font for the serifs tainers”. -
The Writing Revolution
9781405154062_1_pre.qxd 8/8/08 4:42 PM Page iii The Writing Revolution Cuneiform to the Internet Amalia E. Gnanadesikan A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication 9781405154062_1_pre.qxd 8/8/08 4:42 PM Page iv This edition first published 2009 © 2009 Amalia E. Gnanadesikan Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Amalia E. Gnanadesikan to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. -
Detailed Course Description
SUMMER SCHOOL IN LATIN AND GREEK CODICOLOGY AND PALAEOGRAPHY 6-10 JULY 2020 SUMMER UNIVERSITY, CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY, BUDAPEST 2020 Rationale for the intensive online summer school Due to the current situation, summer schools have been cancelled in Europe and North America. With the multiple cancellations, students have remained this summer without the instruction they have expected in Latin and Greek palaeography and codicology. The summer school fills this gap. The structure and content is based on my previous in situ CEU SUN summer schools and yearly teaching at the London Palaeography Summer School, adapted to the online environment based on recent experience with online teaching of palaeography. Course description The Summer School is an intensive, real time (CET), fully interactive online course. It comprises two morning sessions and one afternoon session. With a focus on intensive Latin and Greek palaeography classes in parallel tracks, it also provides instruction in textual criticism and diplomatics. It includes thematic lectures, assignments, introduction to online resources, a palaeography exam and an opportunity for consultation. It gives a certificate of attendance and ECTS credits. Aim of the course The aim of the Summer School is to provide practical training at beginner and advanced levels in Latin and Greek palaeography combined with an introduction to codicology and practical assignments of textual criticism and diplomatics. While the intensive palaeography seminars focus on the skills of reading, transcribing and dating Latin and Greek manuscript hands, the lectures on codicology and diplomatics provide insights into the new developments in the study of medieval book and document production. Information about online resources and discussion of interactive tools bring students up-to-date with online developments. -
St. Barnabas and the Modern History of the Cypriot Archbishop's Regalia Privileges
Messiah University Mosaic History Educator Scholarship History 2015 The Donation of Zeno: St. Barnabas and the Modern History of the Cypriot Archbishop'S Regalia Privileges Joseph P. Huffman Messiah University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://mosaic.messiah.edu/hist_ed Part of the History Commons Permanent URL: https://mosaic.messiah.edu/hist_ed/12 Recommended Citation Huffman, Joseph P., "The Donation of Zeno: St. Barnabas and the Modern History of the Cypriot Archbishop'S Regalia Privileges" (2015). History Educator Scholarship. 12. https://mosaic.messiah.edu/hist_ed/12 Sharpening Intellect | Deepening Christian Faith | Inspiring Action Messiah University is a Christian university of the liberal and applied arts and sciences. Our mission is to educate men and women toward maturity of intellect, character and Christian faith in preparation for lives of service, leadership and reconciliation in church and society. www.Messiah.edu One University Ave. | Mechanicsburg PA 17055 The Donation of Zeno: St Barnabas and the Origins of the Cypriot Archbishops' Regalia Privileges by JOSEPH P. HUFFMAN This article explores medieval and Renaissance evidence for the origins and rneaning of the imperial regalia privileges exercised by the Greek archbishops of Cyprus, said to have been granted by the Ernperor Zeno ( c. 42 to 9- I), along with autocephaly, upon the discovery of the relics of the Apostle Barnabas. Though clairned to have existed ab antiquo, these imperial privileges in fact have their origin in the late sixteenth century and bear the characteristics of western Latin ecclesial and political thought. With the Donation of Constantine as their pmtotype, they bolster the case rnade to the Italians and the French for saving Christian Cyprus frorn the Turks. -
Online Summer School in Latin and Greek Codicology and Palaeography
SUMMER SCHOOL IN LATIN AND GREEK CODICOLOGY AND PALAEOGRAPHY 6-10 JULY 2020 SUMMER UNIVERSITY, CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY, BUDAPEST 2020 COURSE LIST WITH BRIEF SYLLABUS Course description The course includes intensive Latin and Greek practical palaeography seminars, textual criticism instruction, practical assignments of textual criticism and diplomatics, lectures on codicology and diplomatics, introduction to online resources and opportunity for consultation. The intensive practical palaeography seminars will run in four parallel sessions: beginner and advanced options for both Latin and Greek. The other sessions bring together the participants of the parallel tracks. Informal introduction session The session is scheduled for the Friday afternoon (2-4pm) prior to the week of the course. Its main purpose is to facilitate an informal meeting of faculty and students. In the absence of meeting personally, the virtual tea room will act as a space within which each participant can briefly introduce themselves so everyone can put names to faces and have some idea of the research interest and background of the others. Course list with brief syllabus Latin and Greek palaeography seminars: These intensive seminars will run parallel for the four)options and include the reading and transcribing of various scripts, discussing the features of the scripts and hands, practicing the dating of the hands and learning abbreviations and the history of scripts, transcribing charters and discussing their features. Lectures given by faculty to students of the Latin and Greek options combined will provide new approaches to Latin and Greek codicology, diplomatics and palaeography. Lecture 1: Anna Somfai: ‘Cognitive elements of medieval manuscript layouts: designing and using the folio space’. -
Rediscovering the Theoretical Base of Records Management and Its Implications for Graduate Education Searching for the New School of Information Studies Tyler O
Rediscovering the Theoretical Base of Records Management and Its Implications for Graduate Education Searching for the New School of Information Studies Tyler O. Walters In the Fall 1992 issue oiJELIS, Eugenia K. Brumm published a brief description of the graduate records management education program at the University of Texas at Austin Graduate School of Library and Information Science. Brumm attempts to demonstrate to library educators that they should support graduate records management education because it has a theoretical base that is shared with library science. While Brumm's goal is desirable, this article sets out to show that linking records management theory with the broader discipline of information science and its information resource management perspectives is a more fruitful and accurate approach. It will further show that the critical link between archives and records theory is central to records management education, while library science theory is only tangential to it. The author calls for two changes: (1) that information professionals and educators broaden their awareness beyond the library profession to include other information profes sions and their disciplinary knowledge and theoretical bases and (2) the evolution of "new schools of information studies" will respect the need for independent degrees based on the distinct disciplinary knowledge that defines and supports each informa tion profession. He strongly endorses the development of graduate degree programs for the nonbibliographic information professions