Ostracoda of the Silurian Decker and Manlius Limestones in New Jersey and Eastern New York

University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln

USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey

1956

Frank M. Swartz Pennsylvania State University

Frank C. Whitmore Jr. United States Geological Survey

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Swartz, Frank M. and Whitmore, Frank C. Jr., "Ostracoda of the Silurian Decker and Manlius Limestones in New Jersey and Eastern New York" (1956). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 232. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/232

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A publication of THE SOCIETYOF ECONOMICPALEONTOLOGISTS AND MINERALOGISTSand THE PALEONTOLOGICALSOCIETY with the generous support and cooperationof THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATIONOF PETROLEUMGEOLOGISTS and THE GEOLOGICALSOCIETY OF AMERICA

VOLUME30 SEPTEMBER,1956 NUMBER5

OSTRACODA OF THE SILURIAN DECKER AND MANLIUS LIME- STONES IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR College of Mineral Industries, The Pennsylvania State University, and United States GeologicalSurvey

ABSTRACT-Descriptionsand illustrationsare given for 44 ostracode species of the Decker, Rondout and Manlius limestones of the William Nearpass quarries and Dalton Nearpass farm in northwestern New Jersey, and at Austin's Glen and Trilobite Mountain in New York. One brachiopodvariety is proposed.The ostracode species are distributed through 11 families and 23 genera. Thirty-two species and one variety are new, and there are eight new genera. Holotype or syntype specimensof 13 of Weller's ostracodespecies have been restudiedand are refigured and redescribed. Stratigraphic sections are described to provide details of the ostracodeoccurrences, and zonal potentialitiesare considered.There is an extensive and distinctive suite of ostracodespecies in the uppermostpart of the Decker limestone, and at least one well characterizedspecies occurs in middle beds. Species of Leperditiaare common in the Rondout limestone, where other observed ostracodes include only some unidentifiedspecimens of Kloedenellaand more questionably of Eukloedenella.Ostracodes are numerousand diversified in the Manlius limestone, and includeseveral distinctive species that range throughoutthe formation,whereas others are restricted to lower, upper, and possibly middle beds. Successive changes of the ostracode assemblagesand other faunal groups in part are evolutionary, but in part reflect modificationsin environment that affected the animal communities as a whole. New genera described are: Bonneprimites,Limbinaria, Pseudobeyrichia,Lopho- kloedenia, Myomphalus, Welleriopsis, Saccarchites, Thlipsuropsis. New species (genotypes marked with asterisks) are: Bonneprimites? breviformis,Aechmina eupunctella,Limbinaria multipunctata*,L. paucipunctata,L. biangulata, Richina zygalis, Parabolbinacuneospinosa, Velibeyrichiareticulosaccula, V. paucigranulosa, Dibolbina macrosulcata,Pseudobeyrichia perornata*, Kloedenia duplicipunctata,K. crassipunctata,K. aparchoides,Lophokloedenia eufimbriata, Myomphalus dorsinodosus*, Welleriopsisdiplocystulis*, Mesomphalusrhomboidalis, M. striatellus, Sac- carchitessaccularis*, Bolbiprimitia limbata, B. teresaccula,Euklo edenella cicatrix, E. manliensis, Kloedenellabipustulata, K. parvisulcata,Dizygopleura angustisulcata, Thlipsuropsisdiploglyptulis*, T. longisulcata, T. digitata, Parahealdia?convexoris; new varieties are: Welleriopsisjerseyensis var. microreticulis,Chonetes jerseyensis var. nondivergens.

CONTENTS Page Abstract ...... 1029 Introductionand acknowledgments...... 1030 Correlationproblems of the Decker, Rondout and Manliuslimestones of New Jersey ...... 1030 Order of discussion...... 1032 Description of localities and sections William Nearpass quarries,New Jersey ...... 1032 1029 1030 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

Dalton Nearpass farm, New Jersey ...... 1035 East slope of Trilobite Mountain, New York...... 1037 Austin's Glen, N ew York ...... 1039 List of species...... 1039 General zonal values of the Decker-ManliusOstracoda ...... 1041 Faunas of the Chonetesjerseyensis and Stenocisma lamellata zones of the Decker limestone ...... 1042 Fauna of the Rondout limestone at the Nearpass quarries,New Jerseyv...... 1044 Fauna of the Manlius limestone at the Nearpass quarries, New Jersey ...... 1044 Fauna of uppermost Manlius beds at Austin's Glen, New York...... 1045 Animal communitiesand their paleoecologicimplications ...... 1046 Adductor scars...... 1048 Orientationsused in descriptions...... 1049 Systematic paleontology.'...... 1050 Appendix: Chonetesjerseyensis var. nondivergens Swartz, n. var ...... 1090 Referen ces ...... 1090

INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS study were in part photographed by F. M. Swain under a from the Coun- FAUNAS of the successive Decker, Rond- grant-in-aid out and Manlius limestones of the cil on Research of The Pennsylvania State and were described at that time old William Nearpass quarries in north- University, F. C. in his Master's western New Jersey, were described a half- by Whitmore, Jr., thesis. About half of the photographs have century ago by Stuart Weller (1903) to been in more recent F. M. furnish an important milestone in study of prepared years by Swartz. the Late Silurian stratigraphy and paleon- The of Weller's ostracode tology of the Appalachian region. type specimens Ostracoda are numerous in some of the species are housed among collections of the Decker-Manlius beds. Fifteen ostracode New Jersey Geological Survey at Newark, New of new species from these strata were recognized Jersey. Types species together with numerous other mounted by Weller, in association with larger as- specimens are retained at in the mounted fossil semblages of corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, present collections of F. M. Swartz at The Penn- mollusks and trilobites. Further promise that ostracodes will be invaluable for zona- sylvania State University, University Park, tion and correlation of the Decker-Manlius Pennsylvania, but will at a future date be offered to the United States National Mu- sediments became apparent with discovery of numerous highly ornamented specimens seum, Washington. in collections obtained by F. M. Swartz near CORRELATION PROBLEMS OF THE DECKER, Catskill, New York in 1929, and at the RONDOUT AND MANLIUS LIME- William Nearpass quarries and Dalton STONES OF NEW JERSEY Nearpass farm in New Jersey in 1937. As a step in establishing characters and In the half-century since publication of ranges of the ostracode species, arrange- Weller's studies, correlation of the Decker, ments were made in 1939 for restudy and Rondout and Manlius limestones of New reillustration of Weller's type specimens, Jersey has been subject to varying opinions. and work was also begun on part of the new Problems still remain that probably can be collections. Loan of Weller's ostracode types benefited by tracing zones of the ostracodes was secured through the kindness of Mere- now recognized in the Nearpass quarries dith E. Johnson, State Geologist of New and Austin's Glen areas, as well as by work Jersey. The collections from the Manlius at with additional new ostracode species. Austin's Glen were obtained under the cor- Using corals, brachiopods and trilobites, dial guidance of George H. Chadwick dur- Weller in 1903 correlated the "Decker ing a trip sponsored by the Pennsylvania Ferry" or Decker formation with the Geological Survey. The Nearpass section "Coralline" or Cobleskill limestone of east- was studied during a visit with A. B. Cleaves central New York. Following the opinion of to eastern Pennsylvania and adjoining James Hall, Weller supposed that the Coble- areas, also supported by the Survey. Speci- skill and, hence, the Decker limestone were mens investigated in the early part of the deposited concurrently with Middle Silurian OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1031

Niagaran sediments of western New York; Rondout-Manlius limestones of New Jersey, but he called attention to marked faunal and the Keyser limestone of Maryland, differences that he attributed to nearly properly are members of the Helderberg complete isolation of easterly and westerly group and belong in the Lower Devonian basins. The overlying Rondout limestone series. was correlated with part of the type Rond- Ulrich's interpretations of 1912 were ad- out limestone of the Kingston area of eastern vanced in discusion of Late Silurian and New York. The Manlius was identified by Early Devonian strata of parts of Mary- the Howellella vanuxemi-Tentaculites gyra- land and West Virginia, and were never canthus fauna that distinguishes the type fully developed by presentation of factual Manlius or "Tentaculite" limestone in data about the central New York succes- central New York. sion. Unpublished work by Russel M. Logie The Late and not Middle Silurian, post- gives much evidence that the Decker lime- Niagaran and post-Salina age of the Coble- stone of New Jersey is older than the type skill and, consequently, of the Decker lime- Manlius of central New York, and includes stone was soon recognized independently by equivalents of the Cobleskill formation. (See C. A. Hartnagel (1903) and Charles Schu- notes in Chadwick, 1944.) chert (1903). Hartnagel traced the Coble- The present paleontologic studies were skill westwards in New York, and found it undertaken against this background of the essential correlate of the Late Silurian, stratigraphic problems. In the Nearpass- post-Niagaran Akron dolomite of the Buf- Austin's Glen area, the ostracodes include falo area. Schuchert called attention to oc- numerous species that have very distinctive currence of the Decker limestone species characters and that are limited in strati- Chonetes jerseyensis in the Cobleskill lime- graphic range. If these promising zonal ostra- stone of New York and also in Late Silurian codes can be traced to central New York as sediments in western Maryland that subse- well as southwestward to Pennsylvania, quently were named Keyser limestone. Maryland and the Virginias, they should Hartnagel, unlike Weller, correlated only the help to place on a firmer basis the Late upper part of the Decker limestone of New Silurian correlations of the region. Jersey with the Cobleskill limestone of New In the mid-Paleozoic strata in general, York. Halysites and Favosites corals of the Ostracoda where present tend to furnish Cobleskill limestone, that had influenced good zonation because of rapid evolu- Hall's opinion of Middle Silurian age, are tionary changes reflected in their fossil recurrent due to return of favorable marine shells. By contrast, the brachiopod Howel- waters to New York subsequent to the lella vanuxemi and the pteropod or ptero- Vernon-Salina interval of deposition of red pod-like Tentaculites gyracanthus, that char- and green muds, dolomites and evaporites. acterize the Manlius limestone in central A further change in interpretation, in- New York, appear to owe their local strati- volving relations of the Nearpass quarry graphic restriction to details of the paleo- sequence, subsequently was advocated by geographic-environmental history of the re- E. 0. Ulrich (1912). Ulrich concluded that gion. In Maryland and parts of the Virgin- the Decker limestone of New Jersey, and its ias, Howellella vanuxemi, as currently under- correlatives in the lower part of the Keyser stood, marks zones in the upper part of the limestone of Maryland, are represented in Keyser limestone, the lower-middle part central New York not by the Cobleskill of the subjacent Tonoloway limestone, and limestone but instead by considerably sporadically in the middle part of the still younger strata included in the upper Man- lower Wills Creek shale. The zones thus are lius by other authors. Ulrich believed that recurrent through about a thousand feet the type Manlius of central New York needs of the Upper Silurian succession. If the to be redefined and restricted to beds be- Howellella vanuxemi occurrences in the thin low his supposed Decker equivalents. He Manlius limestone of central New York and further concluded that these "Decker-age" in the Manlius of northern New Jersey are strata in central New York, the Decker- indicative of close equivalence, the reason 1032 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

apparently lies not in the short interval be- DESCRIPTION OF LOCALITIES tween creation and extinction of the species, AND SECTIONS but rather in its introduction by the same William Nearpass quarries.-The William marine incursion. Varieties of Tertaculites Nearpass quarries section described by thus likewise have been in gyraca" reported Weller is exposed in small hillside in recurrent in both the (1903), Maryland zones, cuts located in Sussex County, New Jersey, Tonoloway and Keyser limestones. near the easterly foot of Wallpack Ridge, 3 The of additional zonal of ranges species miles south of Port Jervis, New York, at the Cobleskill-Manlius and Decker-Manlius about 45? 20' 5" north latitude, 74? 42' 40' in New York and New sequences Jersey west longitude in the western part of the similarly may be affected by the environ- Port Jervis quadrangle. The quarries are so mental of the The ostracodes history region. inconspicuous, long abandoned and over- will at least give supplementary data; and, grown that they are not well known by the in-so-far as ostracode zones can be estab- residents of the neighborhood. Nevertheless, lished on in evolutionary changes closely they still provide the most complete ex- related of short time species ranges, they posures of the Decker, Rondout and Man- should be especially valuable in detailed lius limestones known to the writers in New correlations of the strata them. enclosing Jersey. Weller's account of the William Nearpass ORDER OF DISCUSSION section is given below with minor modifi- Sections at the William Nearpass quar- cations in descriptions of lithology, and ries, on the nearby Dalton Nearpass farm, with additional records of ostracode occur- and at Austin's Glen will be described to rences. Thickness figures, given to the inch show relations of ostracode occurrences in by Weller, are rounded off to the half-foot. local sequences of the Decker, Rondout and The notations concerning numbers of indi- Manlius limestones. Zonal values of the viduals, including (r) =rare, (c) = common, ostracode species and some paleoecologic (a) = abundant, are intended to suggest de- implications of the ostracode and other grees of abundance as roughly estimated faunas, will then be discussed. Specific and during preparation and removal of speci- generic descriptions are given in the section mens from well lithified limestone slabs, by on Systematic Paleontology. use of a needle under a microscope.

Thickness in feet Bed Total Lower Devonian Helderberggroup Coeymans limestone Concealed. Medium- to thick-bedded, gray, coarsely crystalline crinoidal limestone, concealed 3 to 8 feet above base. Basal contact well defined, contrasting with the finely crystalline limestone of the Manlius formation. Gypidulacoeymanensis fauna, with some masses of Favosites helderbergiae. Weller also reported: Stromatopora concentrica, Ptilodictya lobata, Lichenalia torta, Monotrypa sphaerica, Stropheodonta varistriata, S. planulata, Strophonella punctulifera, "Rhynchonella" semiplicata, "R." transversa, Uncinulus mutabilis, Atrypa reticularis, "Spirifer" cyclopterus, Meristella laevis, Actinopteria com- munis, Platyceras sp., Tentaculites elongatus, Proetus protuberans and Dalmanites pleuroptyx. In new collections from upper half: Mesomphalus striatellus var. (r); Kloe- d enia sp . (r) ...... 15 15 Thickness of exposed Coeymans limestone...... 15 Upper Silurian Manlius limestone Medium- to thick-bedded, finely crystalline, dark bluish-gray limestone, tending to breakinto irregular,lumpy fragments.Makes prominentwall near top of the old, slightly recessed quarry bluff. (This is 2A26 of Weller's description.) There are a few stromat- OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1033

Thickness in feet Bed Total oporoids 2 feet below top. Weller reported: Strophoedontavaristriata, "Rhynchonella" sp., Centronella?biplicata, Howellella vanuxemi, Orthoceras sp., Kloedeniamontaguensis. New collections include the following species at 11 feet below top: Pholidops sp. (r), Stropheodontavaristriata (c), Schuchertellasp. (r); Howellellavanuxemi (c); Kloedenia crassipunctata(c), K. montaguensis(c), K. cf. K. ku'mmeli(r), Welleriopsisdiplocystulis (c), Mesomphalussp. (r), Eukloedenellamanliensis (c), Kloedenellabipustulata (c), Dizy- gopleurasp. (r), Bythocyprissp. (r). At 2 feet below top: Schuchertellasp. (r), Stropheo- dontavaristriata (c), Howellellavanuxemi (c), Centronella?sp. (r), Megamboniaaviculoidea (r), Loxonema?sp. (c), Kloedeniacrassipunctata (c), K. montaguensis(r), Welleriopsis diplocystulis(c), Saccarchites?sp. (r), Phlyctiscapha?sp. (c), Kloedenellabipustulata (r-c), Bythocyprisnearpassi (r). At 3 feet below top: Stropheodontasp. (r), Howellellavanuxemi (c), Centronella?biplicata (r), Tentaculitesgyracanthus (r-c), Pseudobeyrichiaperornata (r), Bolbiprimitia limbata (r), Kloedenia duplicipunctata(r), K. crassipunctata(r-c), K. montaguensis(c), Lophokloedeniacf. L. manliensis (r), Welleriopsisdiplocystulis (c), Mesomphalussp. (r), Saccarchites?sp. (r), Phlyctiscapha?sp. (c), Eukloedenellaman- liensis (r), Kloedenellabipustulata (c), Bythocyprissp. (r). At 7 to 9 feet below top: Stropheodontasp. (r), Schuchertellacf. S. interstriata(r), Howellellavanuxemi (c), Actinop- teria sp. (r), Tentaculitesgyracanthus (c), Bolbiprimitia limbata (r), B. limbata var. longula (r), Kloedenia crassipunctata(r), K. montaguensis (c), Phlyctiscapha?sp. (r), Eukloedenellacf. manliensis (r) Kloedenellabipustulata (c) Thlipsuropsisdigitata (r), Parahealdia? convexoris(r), Bythocyprissp. (r)...... 12 35 Thick-bedded, dark bluish-gray, finely crystalline limestone, in part weathering to somewhatlumpy fragments. (2A25 of Weller).Weller reported:Stropheodonta varistriata, Centronella(?) biplicata,Howellella vanuxemi, Kloedenia montaguensis var. smocki.New collections include at about 15 feet below top of Manlius: crinoid stems (r), Stropheo- donta varistriata(c), Schuchertellasp. (r), Howellellavanuxemi (c), Centronella?,sp. (r), Loxonema?sp. (c-a), Tentaculitesgyracanthus (c), Parabolbinacuneospinosa (r), Veli- beyrichia reticulosaccula(r), Mesomphalussp. (r), Kloedenia duplicipunctata(r), K. crassipunctata(c), K. montaguensis(r), Saccarchitessaccularis (r), Phlyctiscapha?sp. (c), Kloedenellabipustulata (r), Bythocyprissp. (r). At about 21 feet below top of Man- lius: Schuchertellasp. (r), Howellellavanuxemi (r), Leperditiasp. (r), Lophokloedenia manliensis (r), Welleriopsis jerseyensis (r)...... 10 23 Medium- to thick-bedded, somewhat argillaceous,dark blue, finely crystalline limestone, breaking into irregular, lumpy masses. (2A24 and 2A23 of Weller.) In upper 5 feet Weller reported: Stropheodontavaristriata, Howellellavanuxemi, Megamboniaavi- culoidea,Holopea antiqua, Tentaculitesgyracanthus, undetermined cephalopod, Leperdi- tia alta, Lophokloedeniakummeli; in lower 11 feet: Leperditiaalta...... 61 13 Medium- to thick-bedded, dark blue, dense to finely crystalline limestone, breaking into lumpy fragments. (2A22 and 2A21 of Weller.) Basal contact is well defined. Stro- matoporoidsare common in the upper 41 feet, rarer in basal 2 feet. In upper 4? feet Weller reported:Leperditia alta, Lophokloedeniamanliensis; in lower 2 feet: Megambonia aviculoidea,Leperditia alta, Kloedenia?sp. At 2 feet above base in new collections: cup coral (r), Centronella?sp. (r), Leperditiaalta (c), Bolbiprimitialimbata (c), Lophokloe- denia manliensis (c), Welleriopsisjerseyensis var. microreticulis(c), Kloedenellaaff. K. bipustulatavars. (r-c), Bythocyprissp. (c) ...... 61 61 Thickness of Manlius limestone ...... 35 Rondout limestone Thin-bedded, locally crumpled,argillaceous limestone or calcareousshale, with some bands of dense limestone. (2A20.) Weller reportedLeperditia alta. In several loose slabs: Liopteria sp. (r)...... 15 39 Pethstone bed: Thick-bedded,siliceous, dolomitic limestone, weatheringbuff. Residue left after boiling in acid is coherent, and consists of a porous network of white, non- detrital silica. (2A19.) One of samples contains some minute, smooth-surfaced,indeter- minate, questionable ostracodes...... 5 24 Thin-bedded, argillaceousand siliceous limestone or calcareousshale. (2A18.) Weller reported Leperditiaalta. At 18 feet above base of Rondout: Herrmanninawelleri (c)... Si 19 Fine-grained,light gray brittle limestone. (2A17.) Weller reported:Hyattidina? lamellosa (one specimen), Herrmanninawelleri. In new collections, a thin layer near top of unit contains Hyattidina?lamellosa (c), Herrmanninawelleri (c), Kloedenellasp. (c). In many of the Kloedenellaspecimens, as well as in some of those of the Hyattidina, the valves are conjoined and the enclosed space is filled with sparry calcite...... 21 131 Thin-bedded, unfossiliferousargillaceous and siliceous limestone or calcareousshale. 1034 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

Thickness in feet Bed Total (2A 16 .) ...... 1 1 1 Fine-grained, dark limestone. (2A15.) Weller reported: Leperditia elongata. In new collections, at 6 feet above base of Rondout: Schuchertella interstriata (one specimen). At 4 feet: Leperditia altiscalaris (c) ...... 6 10 Argillaceous limestone or calcareous shale, with some thin interlayers of purer limestone. (2A14.) Base poorly defined. Leperditia sp ...... 3- 32 Thickness of Rondout limestone...... 39

Decker limestone Medium-bedded, bluish-gray crystalline, sparingly crinoidal limestone in beds 6 to 10 inches thick, separated by thin shaly partings. (2A13.) Weller included beds 2A13 to 2A9 in the Stenocisma ("Atrypa") lamellata zone. In 2A13 he reported: Pholidops ovata, Camarotoechia litchfieldensis ("Rhynchonella agglomerata"), Stenocisma lamellata, Whit- fieldella nucleolata, Actinopteria sp., undetermined pelecypods and gastropods, Kloe- denia deckerensis, K. sussexensis, Zygobeyrichia nearpassi, Welleriopsis jerseyensis. In new collections at 2 feet below top of Decker: Pholidops ovata (c), Rhipidomella preoblata (r), Schuchertella sp. (r), Camarotoechia litchfieldensis (c), Wilsonia globosa (r), Atrypa reticularis (c), Whitfieldella? sp. (r), Proetus pachydermatus (r), Otarion sp. (r), Calymene camerata (c), Limbinaria paucipunctata (a), Velibeyrichia paucigranulosa (c), Dibolbina macrosulcata (rr), Mesomphalus rhomboidalis (c), M. rhomboidalis var. multipunctata (r), Kloedenia deckerensis (a), K. sussexensis (r), Zygobeyrichia nearpassi (c), Welleriopsis jerseyensis (r), Eukloedenella cicatrix (c), Kloedenella parvisulcata (c), Dizygopleura angustisulcata (a), D. cf. D. clarkei (r). At 3 feet below top of Decker limestone: Pholidops ovata (r), Wilsonia globosa (r), Stenocisma lamellata (c), Whitfieldella nucleolata (r), Caly- mene camerata (r), Limbinaria paucipunctata (c), Bolbiprimitia sp. (r), Kloedenia deckerensis (c), Zygobeyrichia nearpassi (c), Eukloedenella cicatrix (c), Kloedenella parvisulcata (c), Dizygopleura angustisulcata (c), D. cf. D. clarkei (r), Thlipsuropsis sp. (r), Bythocyris sp. (r)...... 4 52 Coralline beds: Irregularly bedded limestone, breaking into lumpy masses, and containing much fragmental coralline and shell material. (2A12.) Weller reported: Zaphren- tis sp., Diphyphyllum integumentum, Cladopora rectilineata, Favosites pyriformis, Cyatho- phyllum inequalis, Halysites catenularia, Stromatopora concentrica, Cyphotrypa (Mono- trypa) corrugata, Spirorbis sp., Pholidops ovata, Stropheodonta bipartita, Leptaena rhomboidalis, Schuchertella interstriata, Camarotoechia litchfieldensis, Wilsonia globsa, Stenocisma lamellata, Rhynchospirina formosa, Whitfieldella nucleolata, Actinopteria reticulata, Proetus pachydermatus, Calymene camerata, Kloedenia sussexensis, Zygobey- richia barretti. Ostracodes are very rare in these strata; none have been observed in the new collections ...... 6 48 Blocky calcareous shale, with thin bands of limestone. (2A11.) ...... 7? 42 Bluish, finely crystalline, in part somewhat crinoidal, fossiliferous limestone (2A10), with 9 inches of shale (2A9) at base. In 2A10 Weller reported: Cladopora rectilineata, Escharopora siluriana, Stropheodonta bipartita, Schuchertella interstriata, S. deckerensis, Leptaena rhomboidalis, "Dalmanella" postelegantula, Camarotoechia litchfieldensis, Steno- cisma lamellata, Spirifer vanuxemi var. minor, Whitfieldella sp., Mytilarca sp., Pterinea "emacerata," Proetus pachydermatus. At 31 feet above base of Decker limestone: Lim- b inari iangulataa (r) b ...... 8 34 Ptilodictyafrondosa zone: Medium-bedded, light gray, coarsely crystalline, highly crinoidal limestone in beds up to 9 inches thick, with some thin shale partings; beds near middle are reddish, hematitic; the hematite in part forms coatings on oolites, in part extends into the pores of and tends to replace crinoid fragments and perhaps other shell material. (2A8.) Weller reported: Favosites sp., Cladopora rectilineata, Cyphotrypa corrugata, Vermipora sp., Ptilodictya frondosa, Lichenalia sp., Stropheodonta bipartita, Lep- taena rhomboidalis, Schuchertella deckerensis, Chonetes jerseyensis, "Orthis" flabellites, "Dalmanella" postelegantula, Rhipidomella preoblata, Gypidula circularis, Stenocisma deckerensis, Camarotoechia litchfieldensis, Atrypa reticularis, Spirifer sp., Calymene camerata. The 4-inch frond-like zoaria of Ptilodictya frondosa are conspicuous in some layers of this unit. The zone contains the highest observed occurrences of Chonetesjersey- ensis. Ostracodes are rare; a few specimens of Dibolbina sp. and Dizygopleura sp. were found in material from these strata, but are not satisfactory for identification ...... 24 26? Thin-bedded shale, with thin bands of fossiliferous, crystalline limestone, 5 inches, above, 8 inches crystalline limestone, below. (2A7 and 2A6.) Weller reported: Stropheo- donta bipartita, Chonetesjerseyensis, Camarotoechia litchfieldensis, Bythocypris nearpassi. OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1035

Thickness in feet Bed Total Beds 2A7 to 2A3 were included in the Chonetesjerseyensis zone by Weller; however, he also reported the species in 2A8...... 1- 24 Fissile, calcareousshale with some thin bands of limestone. (2A5.) No fossils observed 61 22? Thick-bedded, light gray, crystalline, somewhat crinoidal limestone, with some thin, irregularshaly laminae. (2A4.) Fossils numerous,but less perfectly preservedthan in the subjacent bed. Weller reported: Favosites sp., Cyphotrypacorrugata, Lichenalia sp., Stropheodontabipartita, Schuchertelladeckerensis, Chonetesjerseyensis, "Dalmanella" postelegantula,Stenocisma deckerensis, Camarotoechia litchfieldensis, Atrypa reticularis, "Spirifer" cf. modestus("Reticularia bicostata"), Cyrtina magnaplicata, Platyceras sp.. 14 16 Crystalline, highly crinoidal,sparingly arenaceouslimestone. (2A3.) In collected material, the profuse crinoid plates tend to be partly replaced by limonite. The grains of quartz sand form less than 5 per cent of the rock; they are well roundedand commonly measure0.5 to 1 mm. in diameter.Weller reported:Zaphrentis sp., Cyphotrypacorrugata, Pholidops ovata, Stropheodontabipartita, Schuchertelladeckerensis, Chonetes jerseyensis, "Dalmanella"postelegantula, Stenocisma deckerensis, Camarotoechia litchfieldensis, Atrypa reticularis, "Spirifer" cf. modestus ("Reticularia bicostata"), Edmondia? deckerensis, Pterinea sp., Ptychopteria?subquadrata, Mytilarca obliqua, Straparollussp., Loxonema sp., Orthocerassp., Goniophorasp., Proetus? depressus, "Dalmanites"aspinosa. New collections contain Chonetesjerseyensis (c), C.jerseyensis var. nondivergens(c), and a few poor Ostracoda, including Dibolbinasp. (r), Bonneprimitesbreviformis (r), Dizgopleura sp. (r), Limbinaria? sp. (r) ...... 2 2 Thickness of Decker limestone ...... 52 Bossardvillelimestone Dark blue to black, dense laminated limestone, weathering light bluish-gray; the laminae commonlyare about #- inch in thickness interspersedwith a few layers reaching 3 inches. Leperditiasp. (c) about 2 feet below top...... 12 Concealed ...... Thickness exposed uppermost Bossardvillelimestone ...... 12

Dalton Nearpass farm, New Jersey.- Lower Devonian Lower Devonian Oriskany and Helderberg Coeymans limestone beds, and the Upper Silurian Manlius limestone are relatively well exposed from the Thlipsuropsis digitata (r) in slab from summit to the eastern foot of Wallpack upper part of the formation. Ridge on the farm of Dalton Nearpass in Late Silurian Sussex County, New Jersey, miles south 2? Manlius limestone of Port Jervis, New York, at about 74? 42.2' west longitude, 41? 20.4-20.2' north In ostracode-rich layers in lower half-foot latitude in the western part of the Port of the Manlius: Cup coral (r), Howellella Jervis quadragle. The lane leading from the vanuxemi (r), gastropod undetermined (r), Dalton Nearpass house to small quarries in Herrmannina altoides (c), Pseudobeyrichia the Manlius near the foot of the ridge is perornata (r), Kloedenia crassipunctata (r), shown on the April, 1908, edition of the Port K. aparchoides (r), Lophokloedenia manlien- Jervis sheet. The Rondout limestone and sis (a), Myomphalus dorsinodosus (r), Sac- upper part of the Decker limestone are in- carchites (?) sp. (r), Kloedenella bipustulata completely exposed. (r-c). This is the Lophokloe denia manliensis The stratigraphic succession and thick- fauna. nesses of the Coeymans and Manlius are closely similar to those at the William Near- Decker limestone pass quarries a short half-mile to the south- Loose, ostracode-bearing slabs of two west, and will not be detailed. types were discovered in a small pit just Ostracode faunules were collected as fol- south of the Dalton Nearpass farm lane at lows: the foot of the rise to Wallpack Ridge. The 1036 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. position of the pit is about 20 to 25 feet Slabs of type 1 consist of reddish crystal- stratigraphically below the summit of the line, crinoidal limestone, and contain Stro- Decker limestone, and it appeared likely pheodonta bipartita (c), Stenocisma deckeren- that the loose slabs had been dug from the sis (r), Limbinaria biangulata (c), Thlip- pit. suropsis longisulcata (r).

EXPLANATIONOF PLATE 103 FIG. 1-Leperditia elongataWeller. The holotype right valve, X3, showing the elongate form, the weakly defined terminal borders. New Jersey Geological Survey Coll. 6369; William Near- pass quarries,New Jersey, 4 to 10 feet above base of Rondout limestone (2A15). (p. 1050) 2,3-Hermannina altoides(Weller). Two of the syntype valves, a left and a right valve, X3. The left valve especially shows the posterior border that distinguishes H. altoides from H. alta. New Jersey GeologicalSurvey Coll. 6367; Flatbrookville, New Jersey, lower part of Decker limestone (109B). (p. 1051) 4-6-Aechmina eupunctellaSwartz & Whitmore, n.sp. 4,5, The syntype right valves, X45. In 4 the dorso-medianspine is broken at its base, in 5 the tip of the spine is missing. Both specimens show the pit and adjacent node antero-ventralto the base of the spine, as well as the fine surface puncta. 6, A left valve, X50, the dorso-medianspine broken. The peculiar, punctate pustules occurringin a band parallelingthe free margins have not been observed in other specimens. Austin's Glen, New York, 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1054) 7,8-Richina zygalis Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. The syntype left and right valves, X47, showing the distinct yoke-ridge joining the dorsal nodes. In 7, the conical point of the posterior node is preserved, the fine puncta of the shell surface are clearly shown and the pit of the median sulcus is visible. Austin's Glen, New York, 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1058) 9,10-Limbinaria paucipunctataSwartz & Whitmore, n. gen., n. sp. Right and ventral views of holotype female shell, X30, showing incompletelythe posteriorlyexpanded dimorphic flange of each valve, the pit antero-dorsalto the center of the valve, the shallow, scattered surface pits. William Nearpassquarries, New Jersey, 3 feet below top of Decker limestone and 1 foot above corallinebed. (p. 1057) 11-14-Kloedenia aparchoidesSwartz & Whitmore, n. sp. 11-13, The syntype valves, X20. 11,12, Two male right valves, showing the obscure kloedenid lobation, broad submarginal border,and extremes of prominenceof the posteriorcardinal angle. 13, A female left valve; the rounded, raised spot at the ventral end of the median sulcus evidently reflects the adductor scar. 14, A small male right valve, X20. 11-13 from quarry beside lane ascending eastern side of Trilobite Mountain, 1.2 miles northeast of Tristate, Orange County, New York, Manlius limestone 40 feet below lowest exposed beds of Coeymans limestone; 14 from quarriesnear southeast foot of Wallpack Ridge, on Dalton Nearpass farm, New Jersey, basal 2 feet of Manlius limestone. (p. 1067) 15-17-Myomphalus dorsinodosusSwartz & Whitmore, n. gen., n. sp. 15,16, Views of syntypes, X25. 15, A male left valve; the two subdorsal nodes are well preserved;in this valve there is an obliquefurrow above the more anteriornode; the submarginalborder is weakly defined; there are obscure,scattered granuleson the anteriorslope. 16, An exceptionally large female right valve; the weakly defined, ventral dimorphicpouch is relatively long. Antero-ventral to the brokensection of the surfaceis a well-definedadductor spot. 17, A smallerfemale right valve, X25, with shorter dimorphicpouch, well defined adductor spot. 15,16, from quarries near southeast foot of Wallpack Ridge, on Dalton Nearpass farm, New Jersey, basal 2 feet of Manlius limestone. 17 from quarry beside lane ascending eastern slope of Trilobite mountain, 1.2 miles northeast of Tristate, Orange County, New York; Manlius limestone 40 feet below lowest exposed Coeymans limestone. (p. 1074) 18,19-Saccarchites saccularis Swartz & Whitmore, n. gen., n. sp. The syntypes, X20. 18, A male right valve showing the aparchitid suppressionof lobation. The submedian adductor spot and surface puncta are well preserved. There is a very faint depressed line above the muscle spot and an obscuresuggestion of a vestige of a median lobe anteriorto the depressed line. 19, A female left valve with large but poorly defined anteroventral dimorphic pouch, well preservedadductor spot, faint surface puncta. Austin's Glen, New York, 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1080) 20-Phlyctiscapha? sp. A male left valve, X20, showing the inequality of the ends, and oblique ventral margin. The greater portion of the specimen is weathered light gray, leaving a darker band that parallels the free margins and is incorrectly suggestive of a submarginal furrow.William Nearpass quarries,New Jersey, 7 to 9 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1081) JOURNALOF PALEONTOLOGY,VOL. 30 PLATE 103 Swartz& Whitmore

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Slabs of type 2 are gray, finely crystalline, stratigraphy, structure, and faunas of the and contain Leperditia scalaris (a) without hill were described by Shimer in 1905; the other fossils. name Trilobite Mountain comes from the The fauna, lithology, and stratigraphic profusion of Corycephalus("Dalmanites") position of the slabs of type 1 suggest a posi- dentatus in thin layers in the Lower De- tion at or slightly above the top of the Ptilo- vonian Port Jervis limestone. dictya frondosa beds of the William Near- Ostracode-rich layers were found in the pass section; the L. scalaris slabs presumably Manlius limestone at a small quarry along- come from about the same horizon although side the road on the eastern slope of the the species is not known at the William hill, 1.2 miles northeast of Tristate at about Nearpass quarries. 78? 39.7' west longitude, 41? 21.8' north East slope of Trilobite Mountain, New latitude. The section at the quarry is as fol- York.-Trilobite Mountain is a hill 300 to lows: 400 feet high, extending for 2 miles north- Lower Devonian east of Tristate village near Port Jervis, Helderberggroup Orange County, New York, in the west- Coeymans limestone central of the Port part Jervis quadrangle. Thick-bedded gray, crystalline crinoidal lime- Geologically, the hill is a continuation of stone containing the characteristic Gypidula co- Wallpack Ridge southwest of Tristate. The eymanensisfauna ...... 20 feet

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 104 FIG. 1-3- Velibeyrichia reticulosacculaSwartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Views of syntypes X35. 1, A male right valve showing the furrow of the post-ventral slope, the indentation of the frill. 2, A female right valve showing the reticulose ornament of the dimorphic pouch, the crest adjoining the hinge, the lack of post-ventral indentation of the frill. 3, A male left valve, the cardinal angles imperfect. Austin's Glen, New York, 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1059) 4-9-Velibeyrichia paucigranulosa Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Views of syntypes, X48. 4-7, A male right valve, and three male left valves, showing small differences in shape and size, but persistence of the sparse granules, the furrow of the post-ventral slope, the sharp summit at the posterior margin of the anterior lobe, the shallow furrow defining the low crest that parallels part of the hinge, the swelling at the dorsal end of the median sulcus. 8, A large male right valve. In 8 the more minute set of surface granules can be seen. 9, A female left valve. William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 2 feet below top of Decker limestone. (p. 1060) 10-Dibolbina macrosulcata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. The holotype, a male right valve, X35, showing the strong median sulcus; some of the surface pits are visible, though most of them are clogged with matrix. William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 2 feet below top of Decker limestone. (p. 1061) 11,12-Pseudobeyrichia perornata Swartz & Whitmore, n. gen., n. sp. 11, The holotype male left valve, X46, showing the dorsal nodes of the terminal lobes, the granules surmounting the minutely punctulose surface, the short ridge anteroventral to the median lobe, and the submarginal ridge that may be a vestige of the velibeyrichiid type of frill. William Nearpass quarries, Wallpack Ridge, New Jersey, 3 feet below top of Manlius limestone. 12, A female left valve. The striate ventral part of the median sulcus may reflect the adductor scar. Quarries near southeastern foot of Wallpack ridge, near lane of Dalton Nearpass farm, New Jersey, north of William Nearpass quarries; basal foot of Manlius limestone. (p. 1062) 13-17-Bolbiprimitia limbata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. The syntypes, about X47. 13, A male left valve showing the broad marginal flange and narrow, short median sulcus. Anterior margin imperfect. 14,15, Two male right valves, the second relatively elongate. 16, A female right valve, showing the finely punctate, medioventral dimorphic pouch which, in conjunction with the posterior lobe, has a cornucopia-like appearance. William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 2 feet above base of Manlius limestone. 17, A male right valve, X45, decidedly more than normally elongate, perhaps due to distortion. William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 7 to 9 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1082) 18-Bolbiprimitia teresaccula Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. The holotype female left valve, X45, showing the smooth-surfaced dimorphic pouch, and reduction of the median sulcus to a small pit. Austin's Glen, New York, 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1082) 1038 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

Late Silurian sinodosus (r), Eukloedenella sp. (r), Kloedenella Manlius limestone bipustulata (r) ...... 5 feet Concealed. Concealed; may include at top 5 or 10 feet of Coeymans limestone...... 38 feet The ostracodes found in the Manlius Medium-bedded,finely crystalline, bluish-gray beds in this quarry represent the Lopho- limestone, poorly exposed in quarry floor and kloedenia manliensis subzone, characteristic At 2 feet below Howellellavan- along road. top: of the lower part of the Manlius at the uxemi (r-c), Leperditia sp. (r), Kloedenia crassipunctata (r), K. aparchoides (c), Lophokloedenia William Nearpass section 3? miles to the manliensis (c), L. kummeli (r), Myomphalus dor- southwest.

Thickness Feet Lower Devonian Helderberggroup Alsen limestone Cherty siliceous limestone. Spirifer concinnusfauna. Port Ewen beds may be represented in upper part ...... 40-45 Becraft limestone Crystalline, crinoidal limestone; some shale interlayers in lower part. Spirifer concin- nus, A spidocrinus fauna ...... 60 New Scotland shaly limestone Fossiliferous,argillaceous limestone; Eospirifermacropleurus fauna...... 120 Kalkberg limestone Dark, finely crystalline, impure limestone, with seams of black chert. Bilobitesvaricus, Eospirifer macropleurus, Gypidula coeymanensis fauna...... 35 Coeymans limestone Crystalline, crinoidal, sparingly siliceous limestone. Gypidulacoeymanensis fauna .... 15 Thickness of Helderberggroup ...... 275 Late Silurian Manlius limestone Dark blue, finely crystallineto dense, in part laminated limestone. In part the "ribbon" beds have a peculiarcolumnar jointing due to superposedmudcracks. There are several stromatoporoid beds. Howellella vanuxemi, Tentaculites gyracanthus fauna. Slabs collected by F. M. Swartz at a horizon not less than 2 nor more than 5 feet below top of Manlius contain:crinoidal plates (c), Stropheodontavaristriata (c), Howellellavanuxemi (c), Tremato- spira? sp. (r), Centronella cf. C. biplicata (r), Actinopteria reticulata var. (r). Aechmina eupunctella (r), Richina zygalis (r), Parabolbina cuneospinosa (c), Velibeyrichia reticulosaccula (c), Kloedenia duplicipunctata (c), K. crassipunctata (c), Lophokloedenia eufimbriata (c), Mesomphalus striatellus (c), Bolbiprimitia terresaccula (r), Saccarchites saccularis (c), Phlyctiscapha? sp. (c), Eukloedenella cf. E. manliensis (r), Kloedenella bipustulata (c-a), Thlipsuropsis diploglyptulis (r), Parahealdia sp. (r), Cavellina sp. (r), Bythocypris sp. (c). Abundance of Kloedenia crassipunctata and K. duplicipunctata in association with Kloe- denellabipustulata suggests the middle to upper part of the Manlius of the Nearpass quarries, but the full Austin's Glen assemblage has not been duplicated in the Nearpass section ...... 50 Rondout limestone Impure limestone, the lower part arenaceous...... 6- 8 Thickness of Late Silurian Manlius and Rondout beds ...... 56-58 (Unconformity) Middle Ordovician Normanskill shale and sandstone OSTRA CODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1039

Austin's Glen, New York.-During a visit LIST OF SPECIES to Austin's Glen, near Catskill, New York, The ostracodes described in the present in 1929 under the guidance of G. H. Chad- paper are named in the following list, which wick, F. M. Swartz collected slabs from the also gives their respective horizons and upper part of the Manlius limestone that localities of occurrence. Description of have proven to have an especially rich suite Limbinaria multipunctata Swartz, n. gen., of ostracodes, corresponding in part to as- n. sp., of the Tonoloway limestone of Vir- semblages found in the upper portion of the ginia and Tennessee, is introduced in this Manlius limestone at the William Nearpass report to provide a basis for discussion of quarries in New Jersey. species of the genus that occur in New Jer- Austin's Glen is a small gorge cut by sey. A description of the brachiopod, Cho- Catskill Creek between hills capped by netes jerseyensis var. nondivergens Swartz, Lower Devonian sediments. It is in the n. var., is given in a brief appendix at the north-central part of the Catskill quad- end of the systematic descriptions of the rangle, 2- miles northwest of Catskill, Ostracoda. Greene County, New York, at about 73? In a previous paper on Leperditiidae, 53-' west longitude, 42? 14?t north latitude. Swartz (1949) described and illustrated The Helderbergian-Late Silurian section specimens of the following species, obtained found in the gorge is given below, on the from the Nearpass quarries area: Leperditia basis of Chadwick's (1944) description. The scalaris Jones, Decker limestone; L. alti- ostracodes listed in the upper part of the scalaris Swartz, Rondout limestone; Herr- Manlius were obtained from the slabs col- mannina welleri Swartz, Rondout limestone. lected by Swartz in 1929. The species here described are as follows: Family Leperditiidae Jones Subfamily Leperditiinae Swartz Genus Leperditia Rouault Leperditia elongata Weller Rondout limestone, New Jersey Genus Herrmannina Kegel Herrmannina altoides (Weller) Decker limestone, New Jersey Family Leperditellidae Ulrich & Bassler Subfamily Conchoprimitiinae Henningsmoen Genus Bonneprimites Swartz & Whitmore, n. gen. Bonneprimites (?) breviformis Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Decker limestone, New Jersey Family Aechminidae (Boucek) Genus Aechmina Jones & Holl Aechmina eupunctella Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New York Family Primitiopsidae Swartz Genus Limbinaria Swartz, n. gen. Limbinaria multipunctata Swartz n. sp., Tonoloway limestone, Virginia and Tennessee Limbinaria paucipunctata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Decker limestone, New Jersey Limbinaria biangulata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Decker limestone, New Jersey Family Drepanellidae (Ulrich & Bassler) Genus Richina Coryell & Malkin Richina zygalis Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New York Family Hollinidae Swartz Genus Parabolbina Swartz 1040 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

Parabolbina cuneospinosa Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New York and New Jersey Family Beyrichiidae Ulrich Genus Velibeyrichia Henningsmoen Velibeyrichia reticulosaccula Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New York and New Jersey Velibeyrichia paucigranulosa Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Decker limestone, New Jersey Genus Dibolbina Ulrich and Bassler Dibolbina macrosulcata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Decker limestone, New Jersey Genus Pseudobeyrichia Swartz & Whitmore, n. gen. Pseudobeyrichia perornata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New Jersey Family Zygobolbidae Ulrich & Bassler Subfamily Kloedeninae Ulrich & Bassler Genus Kloedenia Jones & Holl Kloedenia deckerensis (Weller) Decker limestone, New Jersey Kloedenia sussexensis (Weller) Decker limestone, New Jersey Kloedenia duplicipunctata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New York and New Jersey Kloedenia crassipunctata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New York and New Jersey Kloedenia montaguensis (Weller) Manlius limestone, New Jersey Kloedenia montaguensis var. smocki (Weller) Manlius limestone, New Jersey Kloedenia aparchoides Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New York and New Jersey Genus Lophokloedenia Swartz & Whitmore, n. gen. Lophokloedenia manliensis (Weller) Manlius limestone, New Jersey and New York Lophokloedenia kummeli (Weller) Manlius limestone, New Jersey and New York Lophokloedenia eufimbriata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New York Genus Zygobeyrichia Ulrich Zygobeyrichia barretti (Weller) Decker limestone, New Jersey Zygobeyrichia nearpassi (Weller) Decker limestone, New Jersey Genus Myomphalus Swartz & Whitmore, n. gen. Myomphalus dorsinodosus Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New Jersey and New York Genus Welleriopsis Swartz & Whitmore. n. gen. Welleriopsis diplocystulis Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New Jersey Welleriopsis jerseyensis (Weller) Decker limestone, New Jersey Welleriopsis jerseyensis var. microreticulis Swartz & Whitmore, n. var. Manlius limestone, New Jersey Genus Mesomphalus Ulrich & Bassler OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1041

Mesomphalus rhomboidalis Swartz & Whitmore n. sp. Decker limestone, New Jersey Mesomphalus striatellus Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New York; variant in Coeymans limestone, New Jersey Genus Saccarchites Swartz & Whitmore, n. gen. Saccarchites saccularis Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New York and New Jersey Genus Phlyctiscapha Kesling Phlyctiscapha? sp. Manlius limestone, New York and New Jersey Genus Bolbiprimitia Kay Bolbiprimitia limbata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New Jersey Bolbiprimitia teresaccula Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New York Family Kloedenellidae Ulrich & Bassler Genus Eukloedenella Ulrich & Bassler Eukloedenella cicatrix Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Decker limestone, New Jersey Eukloedenella manliensis Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New Jersey Genus Kloedenella Ulrich & Bassler Kloedenella bipustulata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New York and New Jersey Kloedenella parvisulcata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Decker limestone, New Jersey Genus Dizygopleura Ulrich & Bassler Dizygopleura angustisulcata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Decker limestone, New Jersey Dizygopleura cf. D. clarkei (Jones) Decker limestone. New Jersey Family Thlipsuridae Ulrich Genus Thlipsuropsis Swartz & Whitmore, n. g. Thlipsuropsis diploglyptulis Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New Jersey Thlipsuropsis longisulcata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Decker limestone, New Jersey Thlipsuropsis digitata Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Coeymans limestone, New Jersey Family Healdiidae Harlton Genus Parahealdia Coryell & Cuskley Parahealdia? convexoris Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Manlius limestone, New Jersey

GENERAL ZONAL VALUES OF THE DECKER- based on other fossil groups. Their occur- MANLIUS OSTRACODA rences at the William Nearpass quarries are The Ostracoda here described from the illustrated in further detail by the bar Decker, Rondout and Manlius limestones graphs of Text-fig. 1, and similar graphs are are numerous and diversified, are well char- given for non-ostracodes in Text-fig. 2. acterized by distinctive features of shape, The ostracodes and non-ostracodes of ornament or dimorphism, and generally ap- each of the successive zones of Table 1 will pear to be restricted in stratigraphic range. be considered, in order to review their sig- They have important zonal possibilities nificance for correlation and to help lay a that are summarized in Table 1, which also basis for inferences about their paleoecologic serves to indicate relationships to zones relationships. 1042 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

TABLE 1. ZONAL OCCURRENCESOF OSTRACODEAND NON-OSTRACODESPECIES AT THE WILLIAMNEARPASS QUARRIES, NEW JERSEY Manlius limestone Kloedenellabipustulata, Kloedenia Howellellavanuxemi, Tentaculites crassipunctatazone gyracanthuszone In upper half: Kloedenia montaguensis,Wel- In upper half: Stropheodontavaristriata, Cen- leriopsis diplocystulis subzone, with Kloedenia tronella?biplicata. crassipunctatamore common than at lower levels. In middle beds: Parabolbina cuneospinosa, Velibeyrichia reticulosaccula,Parahealdia? convexoris are represented by rare examples; more data are needed concerningtheir subzonalvalues. In lower beds: Lophokloedeniamanliensis subzone, with Myomphalusdorsinodosus. Rondoutt limestone Herrmannina welleri and Leperditia altisca- Fossils other than Leperditiidae and some laris. Kloedenellidae are very rare, except for Hyat- tidina? lamellosain one thin bed. Decker limestone Stenocismalamellata zone In upper beds: Limbinaria paucipunctata, Calymenecamerata occurs in upper and middle Velibeyrichiapaucigranulosa, Kloedenia decker- parts, and also in uppermostbeds of Chonetesjer- ensis, Zygobeyrichianearpassi, Welleriopsisjer- seyensis zone. seyensis,Eukloedenella cicatrix subzone. In middle beds: ostracodesrare, although Wel- In middle beds: coralline subzone with occur- ler reportedZygobeyrichia barretti. rences of Cyathophylluminequalis, Diphyphyllum In lower beds, and perhaps in upper part of integumentum,Halysites cf. H. catenularia.Clado- Chonetesjerseyensis zone: occurrences of Lim- pora rectilineataoccurs here and in upper part of binaria biangulata,Leperditia scalaris. Chonetesjerseyensis zone. Schuchertellainterstri- ata occursin middleand lower parts of Stenocisma lamellatazone. Chonetesjerseyensis zone Near base: Bonneprimites?breviformis. Identi- In uppermost beds: Ptilodictyafrondosa sub- fiable ostracodes not observed in higher beds at zone with occurrenceof Gypidulacircularis. William Nearpass quarries, though loose slabs Throughout Chonetesjerseyensis zone: Cypho- from Dalton Nearpass farm that may have come trypa corrugata,Stenocisma deckerensis; through- from uppermost Chonetesjerseyensis beds, con- out zone and occurringin basal part of Stenocisma tain Limbinaria biangulata and Thlipsuropsis lamellata zone: Stropheodontabipartita, Schuch- longisulcata. ertelladeckerensis; in lowerhalf of zone: "Spirifer" cf. modestus.

FAUNAS OF THE Chonetesjerseyensis AND coral, two bryozoans, fourteen brachiopods, Stenocisma lamellata ZONES OF three pelecypods, three trilobites and one THE DECKER LIMESTONE ostracode. Material listed only on a generic one The strikingly ornamented Chonetes jer- basis adds two more corals, bryozoan, seyensis, that Weller discovered in the lower three gastropods and one cephalopod. New 27 feet of the Decker limestone, disappears collections have not added appreciably to zone. in higher Decker beds that contain Steno- the known non-ostracode fauna of the cisma lamellata of the Cobleskill limestone of The Chonetesjerseyensis fauna has proven New York. This and associated faunal invaluable in correlation of Upper Silurian changes led Weller to distinguish the Cho- sediments in the middle Appalachians. itself is netes jerseyensis zone of the lower Decker Chonetes jerseyensis distinctively from the Stenocisma lamellata zone of the ornamented by the peculiar anteriorward and upper part. curvature of its lateral costellae by Weller obtained a large fauna from the angulation of the post-lateral costellae from Chonetes jerseyensis beds at the Nearpass the cardinal margin. It has been found with quarries. His identified species include one such Decker associates as Cyphotrypa cor- LEPERDITIA SCALARIS I r-,._, I C7 I I LEPERDITIA ALTISCALARIS I (D I I I I LEPERDITIA ELONGATA I I HERRMANNINA WELLERI I 0-0 I HERRMANNINA ALTOIDES I BONNEPRIMITES BREVIFORMIS I I I!

I LIMBINARIA BIANC6ULATA I (:D I 1 I LIMBINARIA PAUCI PUNCTATA I I 0 G (a I l PARABOLBINACUNEOSPINOSA AG

I CD VELIBEYRICHIA PAUCII GRANULOSAI VELIBEYRICHIARETICULOSACCULA AG I I0f DIBOLBINA MACROSUILCATA I CDI PSEUDOBEYRICHIAPERORNATA

I KLOEDENIA DEC:KERENSIS IKLOEDENIA DUPLICIPUNCTATA AG aDl I SUS ;SEXENSIS KLOEDENIA CRASSIPUNCTATA AG I KLOEDENIA c _ 'CCD1 I 1 I KLOEDENIA MONTAGUENSIS CD-( c)f) 1)

K. MONTAGUENSIS VAR. SMOCKI I KL E) I I

I KLOEDENIA APARCHOIDES I I KLOEDENIA DECKERENSIS IKLOEDENIA DUPLICIPUNCTATA AG aDI ( D Do I AG I KLOEDENIA SUSSEXENSIS KLOEDENIA CRASSIPUNCTATA I Wc_' 1 KLOEDENIA MONTAGUENSIS ) I CD- 1) ) IK. MONTAGUENSIS VAR. SMOCKI ) I

| KLOEDENIA APARCHOIDES | 1s l I LOPHOKLOEDENIA MANLIENSIS I iLOPHOKLOEDENIA KUMMELI I

I IKLOEDENIASP I ZYGOBEYRICHIA BARRETTII I KLOEDENIA SR

ZYGOBEYRICHIA NEARPASSI I (CDI MYOMPHALUS DORSINODOSUS I

WELLERIOPSIS JERSEYENSIS IW.JERSEYENSIS MICRORETICULIS I 1-(D CD

WELLERIOPSIS DIPLOCYSTULIS

MESOMPHALUS RHOMBOIDALIS MESOMPHALUS SP. CD1 i , D--- --(D I MESOMPHALUSSTRIATELLUS VAR.

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I ( EUKLOEDENELLA CICATRIX I EUKLOEDENELLA MANLIENSIS AG EID 0-0A

KLOEDENELLA PARVISULCATA[ (CD KLOEDENELLA SP. 0 KLOEDENELLA BIPUSTULATA AG KL. PHLYCTISCAPHA () SP. I ID CD

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KLOEDENELLA PARVISULCATAI GDI ~~~~~~~I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I KLOEDENELLA SP. 0 KLOEDENELLA BIPUSTULATA AG 1 1 DIZYGOPLEURA ANGUSTISULCATA1 l l C3DI i i DIZYGOPLEURA CF. D. CLARKEII cDm

THLIPSUROPSIS LONGISULCATAj ITHLIPSUROPSIS CF. DIPLOGLYPTULIS AG I ? I THLIPSUROPSIS DIGITATA C=(

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c -I m r o 0 " I z iCr _~_rnc r- C Ii( 1 3, 9 0S j 1 0

I I TEXT-FIG.1-Ranges of ostracode species in the William Nearpass quarries section, New Jersey. Occurrencesare also included from the basal Manlius and middle Decker of the Dalton Nearpass farm section, and are denoted by the letter "D" placed to the right of the respective graphs at the proper horizons. The letters "AG" following names of several species of the Manlius limestone, indicate that these species also occur in the uppermostbeds of the Manlius limestone at Austin's Glen, New York. FEET 120 100 80 60 40 FEET

DECKER LIMESTONE RONDOUT LIMESTONE MANLIUS LIMESTONE COEYMANS LIMESTONE

! FAVOSITES SP. C( > 0

FAVOSITES PYRIFORMISJ IFAVOSITES HELDERBERGIAE C I HALYSITES CATENULARIA

CLADOPORARECTILINEATA I

ZAPHRENTIS SP. I ZAPHRENTIS SP. 1? DIPHYPHYLLUMINTEGUMENTUM

f CYATHOPHYLLMINEQUALIS C( D I I i LICHENALIASP I ISTROMATOPORASP koCD -- -.---- - i< I | ESCHAROPORA SILURIANA ILICHENALIA TORTA

I CYPHOTRYPA CORRUGATA Ic0 )--- {0 I

IPTILODICTYA FRONDOSA I I PTILODICTYALOBATA I I 0 P DIkP 'PHOLIDOPS OVATA I I PHOLID0P SP I 0---- I0 @1 IDALMANELLA"POSTELEGANTULA

RHIPIDOMELLAPREOBLATA I

LEPTAENA tHOM(BOIDALIS lSTRHx-O ' - 0 - - cu I1

1STROPHEODONTA BIPARTITA STROPHEODONTA" VARISTRIATA KY ' ) c - -- I (--C 0 x ) iIX

STROPHEDONTAPLANULATA

ISTROPHONFLLA PUNCTULIFERA 0- -- -0 CDl 1"DALMANELLA" POSTELEGANTULA

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LEPTAENA %IHOMBOIDALIS I I lSTROPHEOONTA BIPARTITA - I [ STROPHEODONTAVARISTRIATA KYoc0 - - ' I

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SCHUCHERTELLADECKERENSIS i I

SCHUCHERTELLAINTER6TRIATA I SCHUCHERTELLASR czzD-----c -4- -

I CHONETES JERSEYENSIS

I C. JERSEYENSIS VAR. NONDIVERGENS I P I I WILSONIA GLOBOSAI R4RHYNCHONELLA" SP.R C=DO I .UNCINUWS MUTABILIS

CAMAROTOECHIA?CAMAROTOECHIAT LITCHFIELENSISLITCHFIELDENSIK I ICAMAROTOECHIA(?) TRANSVERSA

I I I C

STENOUSMA DEGKERE-ow I IDO -- 0 I i SIT S E N M O AC LA M E L L A T A ~~~~~I i ( STENOCISMA LAMELLATAI I I GYPIDULA COEYMANENSIS I GYPIDULA CIRCULAR I It

IATRYPA RETICULARIS I IHOWFII Fl I A VANUXEMIVAR. MINOR HOWELLELLA VANUXEMI I 0 --C -yof C) X c ) III1J I"SPIRIFER" CF. MODESTUS I l"SPIRIFER CYCLOPTERUS r

I CYRTINA MAGNAPLICATA I ~I 1~ I tNUUS1A LAMtLLA IAj I I I IGYPIDULA CIRCULARIS GYPIDULA COEYMANENSIS I iC 0 I I ATRYPA RETICULARIS - IATRYPA RETICULARIS -I cx~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I. IHOWFII Fl I A VANUXEMIVAR. MINOR HOWELLELLA VANUXEMI I -- I C==) I o(C) x c) II11~ I"SPIRIFER" CF. MODESTUS I I"SPIRIFER" CYCLOPTERUS I r

I CYRTINA MAGNAPLICATA

RHYNCHOSPIRINAFORMOSA

I WHITFIELDELLA NUCLEOLATA I IMERISTELLA LAEVIS F I HYATTIDINA LAMELLOSA I 0 I I CENTRONELLABIPLICATA 0- ---c- C) : IlpD PELECYPODA I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I b- c::)i IMEGAMBONA I EDMONDIA(?) DECKERENSIS IMEGAMBONIA AVICGJIDEA :=> : O I jO--- I IMYTILARCAOBLIQUA I PTYCHOPTERIA(?) SUBQUADRATA LIOPTERIASP. 0 I I IPTERINEASP IACTINOPTERIACOMMUNIS 0 -

ACTINOPTERIARETICULATA rL . . _ . - - --o I

(GASTROPODA)l CD I ISTRAPAROLLUS SP HOLOPEA ANTIOUA I I CD I ILOXONEMASP LOXONEMA?)SR I - I .0-- -OI0 I PLATYCERASSP. IPLATYCERAS SR ) F I I TENTACULITESGYRACANTHUS ! ITENTAGUULITES ELONGATUS it (GASTROPODA)1 CD I ISTRAPAROLLUS SP HOLOPEA ANTIOUA I I CD I ILOXONEMA S I LOXONEMA(?)SRI -. p I 0-- --OI I PLATYCERASSP. IPLATYCERAS SR I C ) F I I TENTACULITESGYRACANTHUS 0 I I ITENTAGULITES ELONGATUS I I' i(CEPHALOPODAUNOET.) I

SP I ORTHOCERASSPR IORTHOCERAS c I1? I 1 I I GONIOPHORASP I I 10 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I PROETUS(?) DEPRE,SSUS I I0 PROETUS PACHYDERMATUS PROETUS PROTUBERANS

OTARIONS I O I " PLEUROPTYX I "DALMANITES"ASPIN LOS CA DALMANITES" p CALYMENE CAMERATA _~ I:~ 1 I

I 1o Ta" ~_-

I Ia3cI SmMMm iI r, I r- 0 in I > l .< z

ie MO^ M z -

i~~ I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

TEXT-FIG. 2-Ranges of coral, Bryozoa, brachiopod,mollusk and trilobite species in the William Nearpass quarriessection, New Jersey. OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1043 rugata, Schuchertella deckerensis and Steno- gives zonal promise because of its distinctive cisma deckerensis in lower Decker beds in ornament. The next higher 6 feet of lime- eastern Pennsylvania as well as in the lower stone constitute a coralline bed, and contain half of the Keyser limestone in central a profusion of heads and fragments of Pennsylvania, western Maryland, north- Cladopora rectilineata, Favosites pyriformis, eastern West Virginia and northwestern and Halysites cf. H. catenularis, Diphyphyllum westcentral Virginia. "Spirifer" cf. "S." integumentum and Cyathophyllum inequalis. modestus of the Decker beds is very close to The Cobleskill brachiopods, Schuchertella if not identical with "S." tnodestus that is interstriata, Stenocisma lamellata and Whit- persistent in lower Keyser beds. fieldella nucleolata are common, as is the Zoaria of the bryozoan, Ptilodictya fron- Cobleskill trilobite, Calymene camerata. dosa, are conspicious in a thin subzone at the Ostracodes are very rare; none were ob- top of the Chonetes jerseyensis beds at the served in the present study, although Weller Nearpass quarries. The species has not been reported Kloedenia sussexensis and Zygo. reported elsewhere except at one nearby beyrichia barretti. In the highest 4 feet of the locality. Gypidula circularis of the P. fron- zone, corals again are rare, but brachiopods dosa beds is represented by a single, poor are common and there is sudden introduc- specimen so that its possible relationship to tion of a profusion of strikingly ornamented the abundant G. prognostica of the middle ostracodes, of which Limbinaria paucipunc- Keyser remains uncertain. tata, Velibeyrichia paucigranulosa, Mesom- The fauna of the Stenocisma lamellata phalus rhomboidalis, Kloedenia deckerensis, zone of the upper Decker is comparable in K. sussexensis, Zygobeyrichia nearpassi, abundance and diversity to that of the un- Welleriopsis jerseyensis and Eukloedenella derlying Chonetes jerseyensis zone. Corals cicatrix all give promise as aids for future and ostracodes are more numerous, though stratigraphic correlations. they reach their respective maxima in dif- The fossil faunas thus give strong evidence fering strata. The identified species include of close geologic age equivalence of the five corals, one stromatoporoid, two bryo- Decker limestone with the lower half of the zoa, 11 brachiopods, two pelecypods, two Keyser limestone of central Pennsylvania, trilobites and 14 ostracodes. western Maryland and the Virginias, and Species of the Cobleskill limestone of the fauna of the Cobleskill limestone of New York are more numerous in the Steno- New York is especially well represented cisma lamellata zone of the Decker limestone within the Stenocisma lamellata zone. In than in the Chonetesjerseyensis beds. In ad- future refinements of the present correla- dition to Stropheodontabipartita and Camaro- tions, however, consideration will need to toechia litchfieldensis which range throughout be given to seeming anomalies of occurrence the Decker formation, and Cladopora recti- of a number of the species that have been lineata and Calymene camerata which appear used for zonal purposes. For example, in the Ptilodictya frondosa beds but are more Stenocisma lamellata is common in the abundant in the Stenocisma lamellata zone, Keyser limestone in the lower part of the the Cobleskill species include Stenocisma zone of Chonetes jerseyensis, rather than lamellata itself together with Cyathophyllum above the range of the latter species as in inequalis, Halysites cf. H. catenularia, the Decker limestone. A variety occurs in Schuchertella interstriata and Whitfieldella Maryland in the Tonoloway limestone be- nucleolata. low the Keyser, but generally has fewer Marked faunal changes occur within the ribs than typical examples from the Coble- 25-foot succession of the Stenocisma lamel- skill of New York. Cladopora rectilineata and lata beds of the Nearpass quarries. In the Cyathophyllum inequalis locally are common lower 15 feet brachiopods are common, in- in the Chonetesjerseyensis zone of the Keyser cluding S. lamellata, Schuchertella inter- limestone, and Calymene camerata reaches striata and S. deckerensis. The coral Clado- its maximum abundance in the Keyser in pora rectilineata is not abundant. There are the same zone. some bryozoans and pelecypods. Ostracodes The differences in comparative ranges of are rare although Limbinaria biangulata Chonetes jerseyensis, Stenocisma lamellata 1044 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. and some of their associates in the Keyser been worked up. There are some pelecypods. as compared to the Decker limestone, limit, Brachiopods are represented by Hyattidina? in secondary degree, the refinements in age lamellosa, common in one thin limestone correlation that can be inferred from them. bed, and by a single specimen of the Decker- The differences must fundamentally stem Cobleskill species, Schuchertella interstriata. from local variations in history of the en- H.? lamellosa is not yet known at other lo- vironments that affected the bottom-living calities. organisms, and their values for paleoeco- Among the Leperditiidae, Herrmannina logic interpretations are likely to more than welleri is a large and comparatively quadrate outweigh the minor limitations for corre- form that may prove useful for correlation. lation. Leperditia altiscalaris is a relatively high Further work with ostracodes with their version of L. scalaris of the Decker, Akron apparently short time spans, may contribute and early Keyser beds. L. elongata is present- to future analyses of the age relations of ly known from a single right valve, so that the Decker, Keyser and Cobleskill lime- its specific characters are not adequately es- stones. The large suite of ostracodes of the tablished. L. alta has been reported from uppermost Decker beds include numerous Manlius as well as Rondout beds. species that should be useful in correlation. The disappearance of kloedenid-beyri- Swartz is elsewhere describing several ostra- chiid ostracodes at the top of the Decker code species from the Cobleskill of New limestone, and their reappearance at the York, none of which are represented in the base of the Manlius beds, clearly reflect en- Decker assemblages. The presently known vironmental changes that accompanied sedi- ostracode species of the Decker are generally mentation, and for many of the constituent not known in the Keyser limestone, except species may not closely indicate biozonal that Zygobeyrichia barretti reported by Wel- limits of range. Nevertheless, the ostracodes ler from the upper Decker is profuse in the of the upper Decker and basal Manlius dif- Keyser in the lower part of the Chonetes fer so greatly in their specific membership, jerseyensis zone, together with Leperditia that they may still serve as the most useful scalaris which was obtained loose from pre- available means of interpreting the regional sumed middle Decker beds at the Dalton relations of the boundaries of the Rondout Nearpass farm. The occurrences of Zygobey- with its adjoining formations. richia barretti suggest that Chonetes jerseyensis may range in the Keyser limestone into FAUNA OF THE MANLIUS LIMESTONE AT beds appreciably younger than those in THE NEARPASS QUARRIES, NEW JERSEY which it occurs in the Decker limestone in The Manlius limestone at the William New Jersey. Further ostracode discoveries and Dalton Nearpass quarries in New Jer- in the Decker limestone as well as in the sey, contains the brachiopods Stropheodonta Keyser and Cobleskill limestones may aid varistriata and Howellella vanuxemi, and solution of these details of the correlations the pteropod or pteropod-like species, Tenta- that now are good though not final approxi- culites gyracanthus, all three of which are mations. significant species of the type Manlius limestone of central New York. One addi- FAUNA OF THE RONDOUT LIMESTONE AT tional brachiopod, Centronella? biplicata, is THE NEARPASS QUARRIES, NEW JERSEY moderately common, and is of further inter- The Rondout limestone, as defined by est because it is the earliest occurring tere- Weller at the Nearpass quarries, consists bratulid known in the Nearpass region. mostly of dark, dense, in part siliceous and Other recognized non-ostracodes are rare, in part argillaceous limestones, that in gen- and do not offer much promise for detailed eral lack faunas of the brachiopod, kloe- correlation studies. They include the brach- denid-beyrichiid-ostracode type which are iopods Schuchertella cf. S. interstriata, Pho- so strikingly developed in the underlying lidops sp., "Rhynchonella" sp.; the pelec- Decker and overlying Manlius sediments. ypods Megambonia aviculoidae and A cti- Leperditiidae are abundant in some beds, nopteria sp.; the gastropods Holopea anti- and Kloedenellidae are fairly common al- qua and Loxonema sp.; and an unidentified though identifiable material has not yet orthoceratoid cephalopod. There are oc- OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1045

casional bryozoans, that presumably would choidesand especially Myomphalusdorsino- repay investigation. Stromatoporoidsoccur dosus, which have been obtained in as- in several beds in the lower and upper parts sociation with Lophokloedeniamanliensis in of the formation. Crinoid plates are present basal Manlius beds at the Dalton Nearpass but in general are not abundant. farm and at a section on Trilobite Moun- Ostracodes are more abundant and di- tain, New York. versified in the Manlius of the Nearpass In the upper half of the Manlius at the area than all other studied fossils com- Nearpass quarries, Kloedenia montaguensis bined. There are 22 named species, two with its inflated ventral slope, and Welleri- provisionally distinguished varieties, and opsis diplocystuliswith its granulosesurface two species identifiedon a genericbasis only. and elongate dimorphicpouch, are especially Many of the species are well ornamented distinctive. Kloedenia duplicipunctatais ani and distinctive, and are promising for additional significant species, related to K. zonal work. crassipunctatawhich is more common here The Manlius limestone as a whole at the than at lower levels. Eukloedenellamanlien- Nearpass quarries, can be considered the sis of this subzone has a simplicity of loba- zone of Kloedenella bipustulata and Kloe- tion that may limit its value as a zonal denia crassipunctata,on the basis of two os- species. tracode species that range about from its Several species obtained with the lower base to its top, and that are common and occurrencesof Kloedenia montaguensisand readily identifiable. Kloedenellabipustulata Welleriopsis diplocystulis, have not been has two small nodes at the summit of its found in the abundantly fossiliferous ma- posterior slope. Kloedenia crassipunctatais terial collected from the upper 5 feet of the marked by sharply impressed, coarse pits. subzone, so that their ranges need further Other species that range more or less study. At 7 to 9 feet below the top of the throughout the Manlius include the mar- Manlius, Parahealdia?convexoris is present ginally frilled Bolbiprimitialimbata, and the though uncommon, and one poor specimen strikingly sculptured Pseudobeyrichiaperor- was found that questionably represents nata which has been found near the top of Thlipsuropsisdiploglyptulis. At 15 feet be- the Manlius at the William Nearpass quar- low the top, there are rarevalves of Parabol- ries and near the base at the Dalton Near- bina cuneospinosaand Velibeyrichiareticu- pass farm, and that would deserve greater losaccula.The two latter species are common emphasis were it not so rare. to abundant, together with Thlipsuropsis On the basis of species that apparently diploglyptulis, in the highest Manlius at have shorter stratigraphicranges, an upper Austin's Glen, New York, where neither and a lower ostracodesubzone can be recog- Kloedenia montaguensisor Welleriopsisdi- nized within the Kloedenella bipustulata- plocystulis were observed in the present Kloedenia crassipunctatazone of the Man- study. lius limestone. With further work it may be possible to distinguish a third, intermediate FAUNA NEAR TOP OF MANLIUS LIMESTONE subzone. AT AUSTIN' S GLEN, NEW YORK The lower ostracode subzone of the Man- The slabs collected near the top of the lius beds is characterized especially by Manlius limestone at Austin's Glen, New Lophokloedeniamanliensis, which is sub- York, contain the Manlius brachiopods quadrate in form, has a finely pitted sur- Stropheodontavaristriata, Howellella van- face, and bears the generically distinctive uxemi, and Centronella?cf. C. biplicata. node in the dorsal part of the median sulcus. Among the many ostracodes, Kloedenella Welleriopsisjerseyensis var. microreticulisof bipustulataand Kloedeniacrassipunctata are this subzone is somewhat questionably abundant, giving evidence of the same ma- separated from W.jerseyensis of the highest jor ostracode zone that is represented by Decker, but is readily distinguishable from the Manlius limestone of the Nearpass W. diplocystulisof middle and upperparts of quarries. the Manlius limestone. Two additional spe- The associated ostracodes include Kloe- cies that appear to be distinctive of the denia duplicipunctata and Eukloedenella lower Manlius subzone are Kloedeniaapar- manliensisthat occur at the Nearpass quar- 1046 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. ries in the upper 15 feet of the Manlius lime- In the Decker limestone, much more than stone, and Parabolbina cuneospinosa and in the Rondout and Manlius, the shelly fos- Velibeyrichia reticuilosaccula that are rare sil faunas are both abundant and diversi- 15 feet below the top of the formation. fied. Brachiopods are numerous and include These ostracodes, as well as the relative representatives of at least six of the orders abundance of Kloedenia crassipunctata, all of the phylum. With the associated corals, suggest relationship with middle to upper bryozoans and crinoids, they give evidence parts of the Manlius of the Nearpass area. of bottom waters that were marine, well Correlation is however complicated by ab- oxygenated, abounding in food, and prob- sence in the Austin's Glen collections of the ably warm and fairly shallow. Trilobltes abundant Kloedenia montaguensis and Wel- and ostracodes, with some pelecypods and leriopsis diplocystulis that appear to be es- gastropods and one cephalopod, add to the pecially characteristic of the upper Manlius variety of the faunal assemblage. subzone at the Nearpass quarries; and con- In striking contrast to the faunas of the versely the greater or less abundance at Decker beds, the fossils of the overlying Austin's Glen of Aechmina eupunctella, Rondout limestone generally include few Richina zygalis, Lophokloedenia eufimbriata, forms other than Leperditiidae, which are Mesomphalus striatella and Bolbiprimitia rare or absent in most parts of the Decker teresacculus which are as yet wanting in the limestone, together with some Kloedenelli- Nearpass collections. Further collecting will dae. The marked faunal impoverishment be needed to determine whether the ostra- may well have been occasioned by lowered codes from Austin's Glen belong, as is sug- salinity of the Rondout waters. As one work- gested by the Parabolbina and Velibeyrichia, ing hypothesis, it might be imagined that to a middle Manlius subzone not adequately the surface of Rondout sedimentation ap- represented in the studied Nearpass collec- proximated sea level over extensive areas so tions, or whether they less possibly are in- that impaired currents of discontinuous, dicative of a horizon younger than the high- shallow sheets of water were unable to est Manlius beds of the Nearpass section. maintain the salinities required for abundant shelly bottom life. Limy mud flats, subject ANIMAL COMMUNITIES AND THEIR to mud-cracking such as occurs in some PALEOECOLOGIC IMPLICATIONS Rondout layers, may have been widely The fossils of the Decker, Rondout and though discontinuously emergent. Manlius limestones give evidence that dur- In the Manlius limestone, above the Ron- ing accumulation of these sediments the dout formation, shelly fossil faunas again animal communities of the ancient sea increase in abundance, though they do not floor in what is now the Nearpass quarries regain the diversity found in the Decker as- region underwent marked changes in their semblages. Stromatoporoids occur at sev- general nature as well as in their species eral levels and some bryozoans are found in membership. (See Text-fig. 3.) Observed middle to upper beds. Crinoid plates are fossils afford favorable and perhaps reason- present, but do not form the crinoidal bands ably comprehensive records of the more represented by several of the Decker strata. common corals, brachiopods, mollusks, trilo- Brachiopods individually are common or bites and ostracodes of the successive as- even profuse in some layers, but rarely in- semblages, and some knowledge of the clude more than two or three species. Mol- stromatoporoids and crinoids, even though lusks are represented by some high-spired they no more than suggest the possible gastropods, and by the presumed pteropod, flourishing of associated algae, protozoans, Tentaculites gyracanthus, which is moder- non-shelled coelenterates, worm-like or- ately common at a number of horizons. ganisms, and the more fragilely carapaced Trilobites, fairly common in the Decker, crustaceans. The changes in the fossil faunas have not been found in the Manlius. Leper- thus are significant not only for stratigraph- ditiidae including several Rondout species, ic zonation as previously discussed, but also occur in the lower third of the Manlius, al- because of their values for paleoecologic in- though they disappear in higher beds. The terpretations. non-leperditiid ostracodes form much the STROMATOPOROIDEA

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I I I .A I TEXT-FIG.3-General charactersof the fossil faunas of the Decker, Rondout and Manlius limestones of the William and Dalton Nearpass quarries, New Jersey. The left half of each bar graph is indicative of the number of recognizedspecies, including forms listed on a generic basis only; the right half of each bar graph suggests in a very qualitative way the general abundance of individuals, on the basis of observationsincidental to preparatorywork on the studied collections, but estimates of abundance could be greatly improved by field observations made more particularlyfor this purpose. OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1047 most abundant and diversified element of conditions that caused impoverishment of the studied Manlius faunas, and are dis- the Rondout assemblages. On the other tinctly more numerous than in all but the hand, it is by no means unlikely that com- uppermost beds of the Decker limestone. munities differing in such fashion coexisted The local conditions for marine bottom within relatively short distances on the life evidently were much improved during Decker sea floor, in more exposed areas of Manlius sedimentation as compared to the active coral growth as compared to locally interval of Rondout deposition, but in some protected niches more favorable for both such factor or factors as water salinity, oxy- ostracode life and preservation. genation, temperature or depth, had not re- In the middle and lower parts of the attained a balance wholly favorable to most Decker limestone, brachiopods are common of the groups of marine bottom dwellers that at many levels and generally are associated had flourished in the Decker seas, and that with bryozoans, trilobites and a few mol- were to return in profusion in Coeymans lusks. Corals occur but are not numerous. time. Gentle to moderate rather than strong Some of the beds abound in crinoid frag- movement of the bottom waters is suggested ments. Ostracodes are not well represented. by the well preserved ostracodes that occur The brachiopod-bearing and crinoid-rich at many levels in the Manlius. Concentra- layers must again reflect sedimentation in tions of the fragile carapaces suggest local shallow, well-oxygenated marine waters of shifting on the floor of sedimentation, but near-oceanic salinities, though the depths the valves in general show little abrasion may have been slightly greater than those and were buried in the accumulating sedi- in which corals flourished to form the coral- ment rather than destroyed or swept to line bed of the upper part of the Decker other areas. formation. Bottom currents and wave agi- Superimposed on the major changes in tation probably were fairly vigorous in and general nature of the animal communities near the banks of crinoid fragments, and by which the diversified shelly faunas of the transport may have modified local though Decker gave place to the impoverished probably not the over-all abundances of the groups of the Rondout and these in turn to shelly remains as compared to the living the again-enlarged assemblages of the Man- communities that they represent. lius, were second order changes that are re- In the shaly Decker interbeds in which flected within each of the three formations. fossils have not been recognized (see Text- For example, in the Decker beds, the lime- fig. 3), further study will be required to de- stones 4 to 10 feet below the upper boundary termine whether shells are as sparse as seems contain numerous small coralline heads and apparent, and if so to obtain clues as to fragments in which six coral species have whether their rarity reflects temporary or been distinguished. Bryozoans and brachio- local paucity of shelled life, or local destruc- pods are fairly common, and mollusks and tion or removal of shell material. trilobites are represented. Crinoid fragments In the Rondout limestone, most beds ap- occur though they are not profuse. Ostra- pear to lack fossils other than Leperditiidae codes, however, are very rare; a few speci- and some Kloedenellidae, and even these mens were reported by Weller but none have groups apparently are wanting in other been observed in material collected for the layers. Abundance of the Leperditiidae in present study. In contrast, the next over- strata lacking brachiopods, crinoids and lying, highest 4 feet of the Decker lime- bryozoa such as those that abound in the stone abound in ostracodes, but corals are Decker limestone, gives support to the view rare although brachiopods are common. The that the leperditiids flourished chiefly in fossils of both of these limestone bodies environments not favorable for the majority represent marine bottom dwellers, but the of the diversified bottom organisms of the changes in assemblage suggest appreciable shallow, well-oxygenated, normally saline ecologic modifications. It is possible that areas of the Middle Paleozoic seas, and the shift in faunal character marks a sig- perhaps that they more largely inhabited nificant stage in the transition from the waters of appreciably lowered or heightened more favorable Decker environments to the salinities. 1048 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

In the Rondout collections, brachiopods but are rare or absent in the middle and are common only in material from one thin higher parts. The concommitant increase in limestone layer about 13 feet above the base numbers of Howellella vanuxemi, Strophe- of the formation. The observed specimens donta varistriata and Centronella? biplicata from this layer represent the single species, gives evidence of a trend toward more nor- Hyattidina? lamellosa (Weller). The en- mal salinity in the gradually changing Man- closing limestone is comparatively pure. As- lius waters, as does the coming in of Tentac- sociated fossils include Herrmannina welleri ulites gyrancanthus. together with a species of Kloedenella. In Striking changes thus take place in the many of the Kloedenella specimens the fossil faunas of successive parts of the valves are joined together, and the shell Decker-Rondout-Manlius limestones. Fur- interior is filled with sparry calcite. Many of ther collecting is likely to show somewhat the Hyattidina shells also have the valves greater continuity of occurrence through conjoined. Evidently the bottom waters some of the beds in which no fossils were ob- were locally quiet during deposition of this served in the present study, but is not likely stratum, and there was little shifting of even to modify significantly the basic patterns the thin, 1-mm. long kloedenellid shells that are evidenced in the accompanying after death of the enclosed animals. In some graphs. Separation of shell pieces and align- of the other Rondout layers, however, there ment along bedding give evidence of local are both kloedenellid and larger leperditiid drifting of material on the sea floor, and in valves that are separated and generally the coralline bed of the upper Decker many aligned along the bedding, giving evidence shells are worn and fragmented. In general, of gentle to moderate movement of the however, even the easily moved ostracode bottom waters. There is thus evidence of valves are well preserved and have nearly enough water activity to suggest that the complete margins, and so suggest that their oxygen content was not sufficiently lowered transport was local and does not greatly to account for the very marked impoverish- affect the faunal record. The faunal changes ment of the Rondout shelly faunas, and it is reveal both evolution of related species that more likely that the cause lies in lowered will be invaluable in regional correlation, salinity. and changes in over-all faunal nature that re- Other than the Hyattidina occurrences, flect modifications in the water environ- brachiopods have been found in the Rondout ments that affected growth of the shelly bot- at the Nearpass quarries only at 6 feet above tom life, perhaps at times in a local fashion the base of the formation, where a single and at other times on a regional basis. Both valve of Schuchertella interstriata was discov- types of change are invaluable for interpre- ered. A few pelecypod valves occur in sev- tation of the history of the organisms and of eral loose slabs coming apparently from the the environments and paleogeography of upper 15 feet of the formation. No stromat- sedimentation. oporoids, corals, crinoid plates, bryozoans, ADDUCTOR SCARS trilobites or beyrichiid-kloedenid ostracodes have as yet been recognized. Rounded marks, that evidently are ex- In the Manlius, as in the Decker and Rond- ternal reflections of adductor scars, are vis- out sediments, the general nature of the ible in accompanying illustrations of valves faunas undergoes appreciable change at suc- of Myomphalus dorsinodosus, Saccarchites cessive stratigraphic levels. The beyrichiid- saccularis, Kloedenia aparchoides, Bonne- kloedenid and kloedenellid ostracodes are primites breviformis and Thlipsuropsis diplo- less affected than other fossil groups; their glyptulis. Additional specimens with possible representatives are common to abundant in muscle marks are figured for Richina zygalis, individual layers in lower, middle and upper Velibeyrichia reticulosaccula, Pseudobeyrichia parts of the formation, though they vary in perornata, Lophokloedenia eufimbriata, Kloe- number from bed to bed, perhaps in part due denia montaguensis and K. sussexensis. In to drifting of their easily moved valves into the Myomphalus, the striking appearance of local depressions on the sea floor. Leperdi- the mark in one of the studied specimens is tiids on the other hand, continue from the given recognition by the proposed generic Rondout into the lower part of the Manlius name. OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1049

The presumed adductor marks of the Kloedenellidae so that dimorphic swellings specimens of Beyrichiidae and Kloedeninae discovered in numerous Silurian species of occur persistently in the lower part of the the family would be posterior in location, median sulcus, except that in Saccarchites and subsequently was extended with much saccularis the sulcus is no more than a faint uncertainty to other groups (Swartz, 1936), depression above the mark. The mark also even though the dimorphic structures of sev- lies directly below a short median sulcus in eral families are in consequence placed near Bonneprimites breviformis, which provision- the anterior end of the shell. Evidence favor- ally is listed with the Leperditellidae. ing general use of this orientation for the The location of the marks accords with straight-backed families has been further Bonnema's (1934) view that the median sul- strengthened by Triebel (1941), who called cus of the primitiid-beyrichiid-kloedeninid attention to the possibility that the second ostracodes is associated with the position of sulcus of bisulcate species may reflect loca- adductor attachment. tion of muscle attachments that should be In Thlipsuropsis diploglyptulis of the anterior to midlength, and the likelihood Thlipsuridae the adductor mark is subme- that large spines of the valve surface should dian in location. It does not occur in a de- have a posteriorward rather than anterior- pression. ward tilt in order to reduce snagging against Muscle marks were not studied in the two obstructions. specimens of Leperditia described in the There is much plausibility to Triebel's present paper. Details have been given else- (1941) view that large spines of the valve where (Swartz, 1949) of adductor and other wall should have a posteriorward tilt, on the scars of specimens of Leperditia scalaris, L. basis of comparisons with the posteriorward altiscalaris and Herrmannina welleri, ob- tilt of large spines in living species and their tained from Decker and Rondout beds of closer fossil relatives as well as from the gen- the Nearpass quarries area. eral supposition that trouble with snagging The ostracode specimens studied for the would be lessened. Triebel's suggestion that present report occur in well lithified lime- the second sulcus where present may reflect stones so that it is difficult to determine de- the locus of interior attachment of muscles tails of the muscle scars. Except in the pre- such as those of the mandibles and anten- viously described Leperditiidae, subordinate nae, also deserves careful consideration and features have not been observed in the ad- investigation. Scars of secondary muscles ductor scars, and no accessory scars have plausibly including those of mandibles, an- been observed in the region of the anterior tennae and other appendages and even of sulcus, such as were reported in several the abdomen, are extensively developed an- European species by Hessland (1949). terior to midlength in the Leperditiidae (Swartz, 1949). Hessland (1949) has illus- ORIENTATIONS USED FOR DESCRIPTION trated one internal mold of each of five spe- In accompanying descriptions, the cies of primitiid-beyrichiid-tetradellid ostra- straight-backed primitiid-beyrichiid-kloe- codes, in which there are spots at the posi- denid-hollinid as well as the kloedenellid os- tion of the second sulcus and elsewhere in stracodes are oriented so that the median the area of the margin of the median lobe, lobe and anterior sulcus, where present, are that may reflect scars of such secondary anterior to the median sulcus, and so that muscles. Additional search is needed for the less prominent cardinal angle as well as other occurrences of such secondary muscle the full or plenate end of the shell normally marks, and more highly magnified figures are anterior in location. The convex-backed of the marks in Hessland's specimens would Thlipsuridae are oriented so that supposed aid judgment about their significance. adductor locations are anterior to mid- In the straight-backed species described length, and in one species so that subter- in the present paper, numerous valves give minal spines have a posteriorward tilt. evidence of the association of the median The orientation used for the straight- sulcus with the place of adductor attach- backed forms accords with that advocated ment, in the fashion recognized many years for many years by Bonnema (1909, 1934). It ago by Bonnema. The location of the me- was employed by Swartz (1933) in the dian sulcus with respect to midlength does 1050 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

not however afford a very satisfactory basis way serve as subordinate adductors: this for either comparative or absolute orienta- supposition would also provide an explanation of the specimens: at least, it varies tion of the second sulcus of the bisulcate markedly in position with respect to mid- forms. The parallelism in the posteriorward length on the basis of orientations here em- shift in locus of the median sulcus and pre- ployed using interrelationships of the me- sumably of the adductor in members of di- dian sulcus, median lobe, second sulcus, and vergent families tends to suggest that the less prominent cardinal angle. cause more probably was dynamic than The observed variation in location of me- strictly morphologic. dian sulcus with respect to midlength ap- SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOY pears to have considerable relation to the LEPERDITIIDAE complexity of sulcation. In Kloedenellidae, Family Jones LEPERDITIINAE Swartz the median sulcus is distinctly anterior to Subfamily Genus LEPERDITIA Rouault midlength as here understood in the unisul- LEPERDITIA ELONGATAWeller cate Eukloedenella cicatrix, less markedly so P1. 1 in the unisulcate E. manliensis; in the bisul- 103, fig. cate Kloedenella bipustulata and K. parvisul- Leperditia elongataWELLER, 1903, Geol. Survey, New Jersey, Paleont., vol. 3, p. 259, pl. 23, cata it varies from slightly anteromedian to fig. 13. slightly postmedian. The median sulcus or Leperditia elongata ULRICH & BASSLER, 1923, median pit also tends to occur appreciably Maryland Geol. Survey, Silurian, p. 747, pl. anterior to midlength in unisulcate members 36, fig. 1,2. of other families, such as Richina zygalis of Shell dorsally truncate, elongate subo- the Drepanellidae, Aechmina eupunctella of vate, the height about six-tenths of length. the Aechminidae, Limbinaria paucipunctata Hinge margin straight for about seven- of the Primitiopsidae, Parabolbina cuneo- tenths of greatest length; cardinal angles spinosa of the Hollinidae and Saccarchites distinct, subequally obtuse. Posterior mar- saccularis and Bolbiprimitia limbata of the gin higher and more broadly and regularly Kloedeninae. It is submedian in location in rounded than anterior margin; ventral mar- Mesomphalus rhomboidalis of the Kloeden- gin convex, fuller posteriorly than ante- inae, which is unisulcate but has an appreci- riorly. Hinge detail not observed. ably developed median lobe and a faint sug- Surface of valve moderately convex; gestion of a second sulcus. greatest convexity anterior to midlength. Virtually all of the remaining straight- Narrow borders parallel the terminal mar- backed, non-leperditiid ostracodes described gins. Eye tubercle distinct, located about in this paper are bisulcate, and in general the one-sixth distance below dorsal margin, one- median sulcus is appreciably posterior and third from anterior margin. Details of mus- not anterior to midlength according to the cle scars not studied. Surface seemingly orientations here employed. without fine ornament. Hypotheses concerning control of the ad- Length 12 mm., height 7 mm. ductor position include diverse possibilities, Relationships.-Leperditia elongata is such as the suppositions that an anterior ad- characterized, as its name suggests, by its ductor location would aid control of the relatively elongate form. valves when opened as the animal moved Only the holotype right valve of L. forward against stresses of the water me- elongata has been definitely identified for the dium, or that the location is controlled mor- species. Information is needed about the phologically rather than dynamically by form of the left valve, and especially about relative size of the cephalic as compared to presence or absence of a leperditiid dorsal thoracic and abdominal parts of the ostra- swelling. L. elongata may in fact prove to be code animal. According to the first supposi- a right valve of Leperditia scalaris Jones, tion. the principal part of the adductor since its form and general characters agree might be shifted posteriorward, provided closely with those of right valves of L. secondary adductor strands are developed scalaris figured by Swartz (1949) from loose at a more anteriorward location or if anten- material obtained from the Decker? lime- nal or mandibular muscles might in some stone on the Dalton Nearpass farm, New OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1051

Jersey. Pending further information, how- and that did not necessarily interlock; sur- ever, the valve is here refigured using Well- face of valve convex, not umbonate, bearing er's name for it. a single subvertical, dorso-submedian sul- Occurrence.-William Nearpass quarries, cus, lacking ridges, knobs, submarginal rim New Jersey, 4 to 10 feet above base of Rond- or frill, or grooves representative of margins out limestone. of early-stage valve molts; dimorphism apparently wanting. Genus HERRMANNINA Kegel Genotype.-Primitia bonnemai HERRMANNINA ALTOIDES(Weller) Swartz, 1936, from Silurian Island of Got- P1. 103, fig. 2,3 beds, land. Leperditiaaltoides WELLER, 1903, Geol. Survey New Jersey, Paleont., vol. 3, p. 252, pl. 23, fig. Relationships.-Rediscovery by Warthin 1,2. (1948) of the designation by S. A. Miller in Shell dorsally truncate, bluntly subovoid 1889 of Beyrichia strangulata McCoy as the in outline, the height more than two-thirds genotype of Primitia Jones & Holl, has re- of length in a left valve. Hinge relatively quired reorganization of both Primitia and short, about six-tenths of length. Cardinal the family Primitiidae (e.g., Hennings- angles distinct but obtuse. Posterior margin moen, 1953.) Primitia as based on P. stran- broadly rounded; anterior margin more nar- gulata includes species that are unisulcate to rowly curved; ventral margin strongly con- weakly lobate, and that have an anteroven- vex, fullest behind midlength. Details of tral frill that is converted into a pouch in the hinge and overlap not observed. female dimorph. The non-frilled and appar- Surface moderately convex, greatest con- ently non-dimorphic "Primitia" bonnemai, vexity anterior to midlength. A narrow and similarly "Beyrichia" mundula Jones border parallels posterior margin. Eye tub- which for many years was considered the ercle low, situated about one-fourth distance genotype of Primitia, accordingly must be from dorsal margin, one-third distance from removed from Primitia. Bonneprimites is anterior margin. here proposed at least to include "P." bon- Details of muscle scars not studied. nemai. The figured syntype left valve measures The family relationships of Bonneprimites length 7 mm., height 5 mm. The figured are obscure. Tentatively, the genus is listed right valve measures length 6 mm., height under the subfamily Conchoprimitiinae 3.5 mm. Henningsmoen, since it agrees in general Relationships.-Herrmannina altoides form, unisulcation and lack of submarginal lacks the post-dorsal swelling of the left rim or frill with Conchoprimites Hessland of valve that characterizes members of Leper- this subfamily. As compared to the latter ditia proper. genus, it lacks grooves paralleling the free H. altoides was distinguished by Weller margins that presumably represent edge im- (1903) from Leperditia alta (Conrad) Jones, pressions of early-stage valve molts, and is 1856, because of the narrow border margin- not known to have the strong "blood- ing the posterior edge. canals" that occur at least in Conchoprimitia Occurrence.-Lower part of Decker lime- socialis vulgaris Henningsmoen (1954a). stone, Flatbrookville, New Jersey. Further information is especially needed concerning the statement by Opik (1953) Family LEPERDITELLIDAE Ulrich & Bassler that in his studies of numerous Silurian os- Subfamily CONCHOPRIMITIINAE tracodes from the drift of Germany, and the Henningsmoen Silurian of the Island of Gotland, "every Genus BONNEPRIMITES Swartz & Primitia of the mundula group 'without any Whitmore, n.gen. border' proved to be a male, and could be Shell elongate subovoid, truncated dor- matched to corresponding forms having a sally by straight hinge that is somewhat posterior, open, brood-chamber-like struc- shorter than greatest length of shell; free ture. Generally speaking, Primitia in this edges without strong overlap; hinge in geno- sense behaves like the genus Primitiopsis type bears faint longitudinal grooves and Jones." (Opik, 1953, p. 30.) Since the type ridges that may have supported ligament specimens of Bonneprimites bonnemai came 1052 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. from the Silurian of the Island of Gotland Bonneprimities, as well as of Milleratia and are so suggestive of "Primitia" mundula Swartz (1936), to members of the Kloedenel- that they had tentatively been identified lidae. under this name in the collections of J. H. In addition to Bonneprimites bonnemai, Bonnema who kindly sent them to Swartz Beyrichia mundula Jones may be listed pro- for study, reinvestigation should be under- visionally in Bonneprimites pending further taken to search for possible primitiopsid information concerning the dimorphism dis- dimorphism. However, in view of Bonne- cussed by Opik, and Bonneprimites? brevi- ma's extensive work with dimorphic Primiti- formis Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp., likewise opsidae, and the excellent preservation and can be included in the genus on a tentative apparent abundance of Bonneprimites bon- basis. In all of these species, the difficulty nemai in Bonnema's collections, it will be with classification reflects lack of knowledge surprising if specimens showing primitiopsid of structures that provide favorable clarifi- dimorphism will be found in this species. cation of interrelationships. With future discoveries of additional, in- Occurrence.-The type material for Bon- terlinking species, consideration will also neprimites bonnemai comes from talus of need to be given to possible relations of Silurian marl, in the brick quarries at

EXPLANATIONOF PLATE105 FIG. 1-4-Mesomphalus rhomboidalisSwartz & Whitmore, n. sp. 1,2, The syntypes X35. 1, A male right valve, the anterior cardinal angle restored. The specimen shows the elongate, rhom- boidal form of the species, the numerous puncta with finely granulose interspaces,and the longitudinal furrow of the post-ventral slope. 2, A female right valve, with the distinctive mesomphalid, medioventral, elongate dimorphic pouch. William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 2 feet below top of Decker limestone. 3, A male left valve, X35, with sparse puncta. 4, A smaller "male"left valve, X35, preservinga medioventralflange or frill. This probably is a valve of an immaturefemale, the ventral flange representingan undevelopeddimorphic pouch. WilliamNearpass Quarries, New Jersey, 2 feet below top of Deckerlimestone. (p. 1077) 5-7-Mesomphalus striatellusSwartz & Whitmore, n. sp., 5, A male left valve, X35, referredto the species with some question. 6, The holotype male right valve, X35, showing the upcurved, faint anterior extension of the furrow of the ventral slope, the sparse puncta, the obtuse but prominentposterior cardinal angle. 7, An associated, imperfect female left valve, X35. 5 from William Nearpass quarries,New Jersey, 8 to 15 feet above base of Coeymans limestone; 6,7, from Austin's Glen, New York, 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1078) 8-Mesomphalus sp. A small male left valve, X35, suggestive of M. striatellusin sparseness of puncta; however, the posterior cardinal angle is prominent and suggests M. rhomboidalis, and there is little trace of any anterior extension of the ventral furrow. The specimen may be an immature molt that does not completely illustrate the adult characters. William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 1I feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1079) 9-13-Welleriopsis diplocystulisSwartz & Whitmore, n. gen., n. sp. 9-11, The syntypes. 9, A male right valve, X35, showing outline proportions,the rounded median lobe not reaching the dorsal margin, the minutely punctate-granuloseornament. 10,11, A female left valve, X30, and a female right valve, X25, showing the elongate ventral dimorphicpouch of the genus, tending to be divided into two parts by the indentation associated with the median lobe. 12,13, A male left valve, X25, and ventral view of a male right valve, X30. William Nearpass quarries,New Jersey, upper part of Manlius limestone; 9 is from 3 feet below top; 10,11,13 from 11 feet below top; 12 from 2 feet below top. (p. 1075) 14-16-Welleriopsis jerseyensis (Weller). Side, anterior, and ventral views of the holotype male left valve, X 19, showing the rather large but low median lobe, its dorsal margin well below the dorsal marzin of the valve. New Jersey Geological Survey Coll. 5932, from William Nearpass quarries,New Jersey, upper 4 feet of Decker limestone (2A13). (p. 1075) 17-20-Welleriopsis jerseyensis var. microreticulisSwartz & Whitmore, n. var. Views of the syntype valves. 17, A male left valve, X25. 18,19, A male right valve, X25, and part of surface near median sulcus, X36, showing the curved, relatively short median sulcus, the well markedcardinal angles. The punctate-reticulatesurface ornament is minute even with the enlargement given in fig. 19. 20, A female left valve, X25, the median lobe imperfect. William Nearpass quarries,2 feet above base of Manlius limestone. (p. 1076) ,

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Mulde, Island of Gotland. The type speci- vexity about one-fifth distance from poste- men of B.? mundula, British Museum No. I rior margin. Median sulcus is located 6880, is from T. R. Jones' "No. 1 limestone" slightly posterior to midlength; the sulcus specimen from the Silurian drift, Berlin, is short, reaching only about one-fourth dis- Germany. B.? breviformis occurs in the basal tance from dorsal to ventral margin; it does part of the late Silurian Decker limestone, not reach an obscure, small rounded depres- New Jersey. sion at about midheight of valve, that evidently is external expression of adductor at- BONNEPRIMITES?BREVIFORMIS Swartz & tachment. Area anterior to sulcus is very Whitmore, n.sp. faintly swollen, forming a scarcely discern- Pl. 20-22 110, fig. ible suggestion of a median lobe. Surface of Shell short, subquadrate in outline, height valve smooth. Dimorphism not known. about four-fifths of length. Dorsal margin The syntype valves measure length 0.9 straight for about four-fifths of length; ante- mm., height 0.7 to 0.75 mm. rior cardinal bend rounded; posterior angle Relationships.-Bonneprimites? brevifor- obtuse, not very prominent. Ventral margin mis differs from the genotype, B. bonnemai, convex in outline; terminal margins sub- in its much shorter form, in the postmedian equally rounded. location of the maximum convexity, and in Surface of valve convex, rising steeply the shortness and dorsal location of the me- from posterior margin, much more gently dian sulcus, which does not extend to the from anterior margin, reaching greatest con- locus of the muscle spot. If additional spe-

EXPLANATIONOF PLATE106 FIG. 1-6-Kloedenia deckerensis(Weller). 1,2, Side and ventral views, X 17, of holotype male right valve, showing the strongly elevated lobes. Judging from the illustrated topotype material the holotype has been somewhat deformed. New Jersey Geological Survey Coll. 7344; William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, upper 4 feet of Decker limestone (2A13). 3,4, A male right valve, X20, and part of surface of same, X35, showing the minute surface granules. 5,6, Two male left valves, X20, showing constancy of outline of shell, form of lobes including the obliquely directed, narrowed ventral part of the median lobe. In 6 especially, there is a faint suggestion of a zygobeyrichiid ventral extension of the anteriol furrow. 3,4 from William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 3 feet below top of Decker limestone or 1 foot above coralline bed; 5,6 from same locality, 2 feet below top of Decker limestone. (p. 1063) 7-12-Kloedenia sussexensis (Weller). 7-9, Views of syntype valves, 7,8, Side and ventral views of a slightly imperfect male left valve, X24, and X 18, respectively, showing in 7 the coarser papillae interspersedwith the fine granulesof the type occurringin K. deckerensis.9, A male left valve, X 17, the posterior cardinal angle imperfect. The outline of shell, character of marginalborder, form of the median and other lobes, and weak zygobeyrichiidextension of the anteriorfurrow, show the close relationshipwith K. deckerensis.10, 11, Side and posterior views of female right valve, X 17; this is the specimen used by Weller (1903) as the type of Beyrichiaperinflata. 12, Another female right valve, X 19, the ornamentof the posteriorand median lobes well preserved;the mark near the ventral end of the median sulcus may reflect the adductorscar. 7-9, New Jersey GeologicalSurvey Coll. 7355, William Nearpassquarries, New Jersey, upper 4 feet of Decker limestone (2A12). 10, 11, New Jersey GeologicalSurvey Coll. 7338, same locality, horizon 2A13. 12 from same locality, 2 feet below top of Decker limestone. (p. 1064) 13-15-Kloedenia duplicipunctataSwartz & Whitmore, n. sp. 13, The holotype, a male left valve, X35, showing the scattered, large puncta, and smaller puncta of the interspaces. The shell resemblesthat of K. sussexensisin its outline and in proportionsof its lobes. William Near- pass quarries, New Jersey, 20 feet above base of Manlius limestone. 14,15, Two male left valves, X35, showing variations in numbers of the coarser puncta; in 15 there is close approach to K. crassipunctata.Austin's Glen, New York, 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1065) 16-18-Kloedenia crassipunctataSwartz & Whitmore, n. sp. The syntypes, X20. 16,17, A male left valve and male right valve, showing the characteristicallycoarse puncta, the obliquely directed, narrowedventral part of the median lobe. 18, A female left valve. Austin's Glen, New York, 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1065) 1054 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

cies with comparable dorsal location of the ules tend to form a line paralleling ventral sulcus are discovered, their separation in a margin of valve. In one specimen. there is a distinct genus could well be justified. belt of broad-tipped, medially pitted gran- The external, rounded adductor spot of ules placed well within and paralleling free Bonneprimites? breviformis may aid future margins; no granules of this type are found consideration of the relations of the species. on other two studied examples. No well defined spot of this type was ob- The larger syntype right valve measures served by Swartz in the type specimens of length 0.88 mm., height 0.51 mm. B. bonnemai. The spot is suggestive of the Relationships.-Aechmina eupunctella has rounded marks of some of the specimens of the pit antero-ventral to the base of the Kloedenia, Myomphalus and Saccarchites dorso-median spine, that was considered by that are illustrated in the present paper. Ulrich & Bassler (1923) to be one of the dis- In the Nearpass quarries collections, Bon- tinguishing features of Paraechmina, but it neprimites? breviformis is represented by lacks the marginal ridge of the characteristic only three specimens. Larger collections are members of that genus. Aechmina bigeneris needed to provide more assurance concern- Swartz, 1936, and A. spinoterminata Swartz, ing possible dimorphism. The three collected 1936, similarly have the pit but not the mar- specimens agree closely with each other in ginal ridge, and bear submarginal spines dorsal profile as well as in lateral aspect. somewhat suggestive of those of the Aech- Occurrence.-Rare in basal 2 feet of mina genotype, A. bovina Jones. Warthin Decker limestone, William Nearpass quar- has listed A. bigeneris and A. spinoterminata ries, New Jersey. under Aechminaria Coryell & Cuskley, 1934, but close relationship to the type of that AECHMINIDAEBoucek Family genus does not appear well assured. Restudy Genus AECHMINA & Holl Jones of Aechmina bovina would be most helpful, EUPUNCTELLASwartz & AECHMINA to determine whether it may have some de- n. Whitmore, sp. gree of development of the paraechminid 4-6 P1. 103, fig. pit, even though none is shown in Jones' Shell dorsally truncate, subovate in out- figures. line; hinge margin straight for about four- Aechmina eupunctella lacks the submar- fifths of length; height without spine about ginal spines of A. bigeneris and A. spinoter- three-fifths of length; anterior cardinal angle minata, and the node adjacent to the par- slightly obtuse, posterior angle more obtuse. aechminid pit is stronger. The surface Anterior margin higher than other, but puncta, and the curvature of the posterior blunter and not projecting so far beyond as compared to the anterior margin may limits of hinge. Ventral margin moderately also prove distinctive. convex, fuller anteriorly. Hingement and Occurrence.-Rare 3 to 5 feet below top of overlap not observed. Manlius limestone, Austin's Glen, New Surface of valve moderately convex, sur- York. mounted by a stout, dorso-median spine, the diameter of its base about one-fourth of Family PRIMITIOPSIDAESwartz Genus LIMBINARIA length of valve. One observed valve pre- Swartz, n.gen. serves a portion of spine which projects at Shell subovate, truncated dorsally by an angle of about 30 degrees from plane of straight hinge, its length approaching total conjunction of valves and is also tilted pos- length of shell; cardinal angles prominent; teriorly; length of spine and nature of its right valve overlaps slightly on left along terminus remain, however, undetermined. free margins. Surface of valve has a com- The small, sharply depressed pit anterior to paratively large, somewhat elevated medial base of spine is in turn bordered antero- area, varyingly pitted or grooved; a rounded ventrally by a well defined, small rounded submedian pit is well developed and presum- knob. ably reflects locus of adductor attachment; Surface of valve is marked by sharply in one dimorph, a more or less continuous, impressed, small puncta, the interspaces narrow ridge or rim parallels margins of nearly equal to diameter of pits. Small gran- valve, dorsally as well as along other mar- OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1055

gins, and is offset farther from valve edge in the genotype of Primitiopsis Jones, and vicinity of cardinal angles than elsewhere; hence Limbinaria is here listed with Prim- in other dimorph, a broad, typically flat itiopsis in the Primitiopsidae. The di- flange or frill extends along one terminal morphic frill in Limbinaria multipunctata margin and adjacent portion of ventral mar- differs from that of Primitiopsis planifrons, gin, and evidently is developed from corre- since in the latter species the frill or flange sponding parts of submarginal ridge of non- is confined to the end of the valve and does frilled dimorph. If submedian pit, presum- not extend along part of the ventral margin, ably representative of adductor location, is and the frill is incurved distally so that the antero-median in location, then dimorphic outer edge of the frill of one valve meets frill occurs along posterior and post-ventral that of the opposing valve when the shell margins. is closed. In Primitiopsis dorsoplicata Hen- Genotype.-Limbinaria multipunctata ningsmoen (1954b), however, the dimorphic Swartz, n. sp., Late Silurian Tonoloway frill or velum extends along most of the limestone, Virginia and Tennessee. ventral margin and is said to be "flat." P. Relationships.-At the time of discovery dorsoplicata is smooth surfaced, has only a of the non-frilled dimorph of Limbinaria weak suggestion of a short, dorso-subme- multipunctata, it was thought that the spe- dian furrow, and has a strong crest parallel- cies belonged to the multipunctate group of ing the dorsal margin. thlipsurids that has been included in The species that currently appear to be- Octonaria Jones, and that the truncate long in Limbinaria are as follows: margin was ventral in position. Discovery Limbinaria multipunctataSwartz, n.sp., of the frill-bearing dimorph controverted Late Silurian Tonoloway limestone, Vir- both this classification and orientation, and ginia and Tennessee. forced consideration of relationships with Limbinariapaucipunctata Swartz & Whit- non-thlipsurid families. more, n.sp., Late Silurian Decker limestone, The type of dimorphism found in Limbi- New Jersey. naria, in which the broad, thin, more or less Limbinaria biangulata Swartz & Whit- terminal frill of one dimorph is wanting in more, n.sp., Late Silurian Decker limestone, the other dimorph, is suggestive of the New Jersey. dimorphism that characterizes various gen- The following additional species may be- era of the family Hollinidae Swartz. How- long in Limbinaria: ever, the general ornament of Limbinaria, Octonaria altoonensis Swartz, 1932, Late with its pitted or grooved medial area, Silurian Keyser limestone, central Pennsyl- rounded submedian pit, and submarginal vania. ridge of the non-frilled dimorph, diverges Octonaria? angulata Ulrich & Bassler, markedly from the generally sulcate-lobate, 1913, Late Silurian. Keyser limestone, in part node-bearing ornament of the Hol- Maryland. linidae. The locus of the submedian pit, on Octonaria muricata Ulrich & Bassler, 1923, the assumption that it represents the posi- Late Silurian Tonoloway limestone, Mary- tion of adductor attachment, gives some land and Virginia. reason to believe that the frill of Limbinaria No dimorphic frills or flanges have yet may occur at the end of the shell opposite been discovered in Limbinaria biangulata, or that on which the frill is found in the Hol- in "Octonaria" altoonensis, "0." angulata or linidae, and in any event the submedian pit "0O."muricata. Lack of observed frilled di- in Limbinaria occurs on the side of mid- morphs is not surprising in Limbinaria bi- length of the shell away from rather than angulata, and L.? altoonenesis which are toward the end bearing the frill. represented in available collections by only The straight hinge of Limbinaria, the a few specimens. Swartz has obtained more submedian pit, the surface pitting and lack than a dozen specimens of L.? muricata, so of lobation, and the presence of a dimorphic that lack of observed frilled dimorphs raises expansion at the end of the shell away from a somewhat greater question concerning in- the position of the median pit, all favor com- clusion of the species in Limbinaria. In both parison with Primitiopsis planifrons Jones, L.? muricata and L.? angulata, the medial 1056 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. elevated area is longitudinally grooved dorsal to midpoint. A narrow ridge lies near rather than pitted, so that it may prove de- and about parallel to median part of dorsal sirable to place these species in a distinct margin; it angles downward anteriorly and genus, even if primitiopsid dimorphism can extends nearly to anterior margin; poste- be found in them. riorly, there is a less pronounced downward Limbinaria? altoonensis, L.? angulata and bentid to this ridge. In frill-less dimorph L.? muricata have heretofore been illus- there is a low, ventral submarginal ridge, trated with the truncate margin in the lying about along line of attachment of frill octonarid, ventral position. If they are of other dimorph, and becoming weaker proper members of Limbinaria, the truncate along ends of valve; in frilled dimorph a margin is the dorsal margin. comparable ridge is weakly developed close Occurrence.-The species that can now be to anterior edge of valve. included in Limbinaria have been found in The frill bearing, holotype valve measures Late Silurian limestones in Virginia, Ten- length 0.85 mm., height 0.70 mm., height nessee, Maryland and New Jersey. apart from frill about 0.50 mm. multipunctata LIMBINARIA MULTIPUNCTATA Relationships.-Limbinaria Swartz, n.sp. has been studied by Swartz in the course of Text-fig. 4a,b an investigation of ostracodes of the Late Shell proper subelliptical in outline, trun- Silurian Tonoloway limestone of Virginia cated dorsally by straight hinge which is and some nearby areas in West Virginia and

TEXT-FIG. 4-Limbinaria multipunctataSwartz, n. gen., n. sp. 1. The holotype female left valve; X45, showing the characteristicsurface ornament and dimorphic flange. The largest depressionis a break in the wall of the valve; the normal pit presumablyindicative of the adductor location is slightly posterior to the lower end of the break. 2. A nearly perfect male right valve X45. The submarginalrim is almost perfectly preserved;the surface puncta are not as coarse as those of the holotype, and in part are clogged with matrix. Hindella congregatabeds of Tonoloway limestone, gap in Little Mountain at Healing Springs, Virginia. about five-sixths of greatest length. Cardinal Tennessee; it is described in the present pa- angles subequal, obtuse but prominent. Ter- per in order to introduce the genus Limbi- minal and ventral margins proper are naria, which is represented by two species in rounded; in one dimorph a frill of moderate the collections from the William Nearpass width extends submarginally from posterior quarries area. cardinal angle to a point in front of middle Although only a few specimens of Limbi- of ventral margin. naria multipunctata have been found at this Surface of valve is moderately convex. A time, preservation is satisfactory to show large, somewhat elevated, obliquely elon- their ornament and the dimorphic charac- gated medial region is irregularly marked by ters. moderately coarse puncta, about 70 to 80 Occurrence.-Very rare, Hindella congre- in number, and there is one larger pit antero- gata beds of the Tonoloway limestone, gap OSTRA CODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1057 in Little Mountain at Healing Springs, A male valve measures length 0.76 mm., Virginia; very rare, Tonoloway or Sneedville height 0.56 mm. A female valve, including limestone, Mulberry gap, Tennessee. the dimorphic frill, measures length 0.84 mm., height 0.6 mm. LIMBINARIA PAUCIPUNCTATA Swartz & Relationships.-Limbinaria paucipunc- n. Whitmore, sp. tata is similar to L. multipunctata Swartz, PI. 103, fig. 9,10 n. sp., in general shape, the ridge paralleling Shell of non-frilled dimorph subovate in the dorsal and free margins that in one di- outline, truncated dorsally by straight hinge morph is expanded posteriorly and post- extending for nearly nine-tenths of greatest ventrally to form a dimorphic frill, the sur- length. Anterior cardinal angle prominent, face puncta and stronger dorso-submedian about a right angle, set off by a gentle sub- pit of the medial sculptured area. However, jacent emargination. Posterior angle slightly the medial sculptured area though propor- obtuse. Terminal margins rounded, poste- tionately larger is much less well defined, rior margin extended slightly beyond hinge. and the pits are much more widely spaced Ventral margin convex, somewhat fuller and less numerous, numbering about 20 as posteriorly than anteriorly, almost suban- compared to about 70 to 80 in L. multipunc- gulate post-medially at position of greatest tata. height, which is about three-fourths of Occurrence.-Common 1 foot above top of greatest length. coralline bed of upper part of Decker lime- Right valve overlaps gently on left along stone, in zone 2A13 of Weller (1903), at the free margins. William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey. Surface of valve strongly convex, the con- LIMBINARIA BIANGULATA Swartz & vexity strongest below and somewhat be- n. hind center of valve, the slopes to ventral Whitmore, sp. P1. 7-9 and posterior margins distinctly steeper 110, fig. than those to dorsal and anterior edges. In Shell dorsally truncate, subovoid in out- non-frilled dimorph, a low ridge extends line; cardinal angles obtuse but well defined; close to and parallel to hinge edge of valve, anterior margin somewhat higher and fuller angling downward in vicinity of anterior ventrally than posterior margin; ventral cardinal angle, and a low ridge more or less margin strongly convex; greatest height continuous with dorsal ridge also parallel about three-quarters of length, situated free margins. Within space enclosed by sub- somewhat anterior to midlength. marginal ridges, a comparatively large, ele- Surface of valve moderately convex. Me- vated area is marked by rather widely dian raised and sculptured area measures spaced, moderately coarse pits, about 20 in about two-thirds of length and half of height number, and there is one much stronger, of valve; its longitudinal axis is oblique, dorso-submedian pit that is located slightly closer to dorsal margin posteriorly than an- anterior to midlength of valve; from poste- teriorly; surface of raised area bears about rior and ventral margins of the pitted area, eight coarse, flat-floored depressions, the surface descends abruptly toward submar- dorso-median depression largest and having ginal ridge; anteriorly and dorsally the its floor marked by a sharply impressed, slope is more gentle, margin of elevated area rounded pit. Broad flange surrounding me- is poorly defined, and general surface pitting dian elevated area is bounded by a submar- does not as a rule extend dorsal to a line ginal, well elevated, continuous ridge or rim, running through submedian pit. closely adjacent to valve edges dorsally and In the frilled, presumably female di- ventrally, more distant terminally and es- morph, a smooth submarginal frill or flange pecially near the dorsal angles. extends along posterior portion of valve, and The larger syntype valve measures length continues with gradually narrowing width 0.9 mm., height 0.7 mm. along half or more of ventral margin, from Relationships.-No frill-bearing dimorph whence it continues as a low rim like that of has been discovered among the observed non-frilled dimorph. specimens of Limbinaria biangulata, but the 1058 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. shape of the valve, the character and extent closely adjacent to it is a well-elevated, of the submarginal rim, and the form and rounded node, surmounted by a tiny point obliquity of the medial elevated and pitted or spinelet; posterior to sulcus and some- area are so similar to the corresponding fea- what farther from it is a conical node with tures of the non-frilled dimorph of Limbi- pointed summit. A weak yoke connects naria multipunctata, that close relationship these nodes around ventral end of sulcus; to that species appears to be assured. yoke extends ventrally from anterior node Limbinaria biangulata is also very sugges- as a narrow, not quite vertical limb, then tive of Octonaria altoonensis Swartz, 1932, bends sharply upward toward posterior node, except that it is smaller and the medial ele- broadening as a low swelling and then be- vated area is marked by only eight instead coming low and almost obsolete. of twenty-three pits or depressions. No frill- General surface is minutely punctate. bearing dimorph has been discovered in The syntype left valve measures length "Octonaria" altoonensis, but Limbinaria 0.97 mm., height 0.76 mm. biangulata forms a connecting link that Relationships.-Richina truncata Coryell tends to bring this species and also the some- & Malkin, 1936, has obtuse cardinal angles, what differently ornamented Octonaria? an- and one rounded, one conical node much as gulata Ulrich & Bassler, 1913, and Octonaria in R. zygalis. There is, however, little if any muricata Ulrich & Bassler, 1923, into the suggestion of a yoke connecting the dorsal genus Limbinaria. nodes, the surface is described as being finely Occurrence.-The syntype valves of Lim- granulose rather than punctate, and the binaria biangulata come from slabs of ends of the shell are more unequal. Decker limestone obtained loose in a pit The genus Richina was compared by near the southeastern foot of Wallpack Coryell & Malkin (1936) with Ulrichia Ridge, on the Dalton Nearpass farm, New Jones, 1890. In form of the dorsal nodes and Jersey. The slabs appear to represent a lack of marginal ridge, Richina is very much horizon near the middle part of the Decker closer to the section of Bollia represented by limestone. One imperfect valve was discov- Bollia hindei Jones, 1890, and B. widderensis ered in material collected 31 feet above the Coryell & Malkin, 1936, and further resem- base of the Decker at the William Nearpass blance to the Bollia species of this type is quarries. furnished by the yoke-ridge of the new Richina zygalis. DREPANELLIDAEUlrich & Bassler Family Occurrence.-Very rare, 2 to 5 feet below Genus RICHINA & Malkin Coryell top of Manlius limestone, Austin's Glen, RICHINAZYGALIS Swartz & New York. Whitmore, n. sp. PI. 103, fig. 7,8 Family HOLLINIDAESwartz Genus PARABOLBINASwartz Shell elongate subelliptical in outline, PARABOLBINACUNEOSPINOSA Swartz & truncated dorsally by hinge which extends n. for about two-thirds of greatest length. Whitemore, sp. P1. 1-6 Cardinal angles subequal, distinct but ob- 110, fig. tuse. Height about three-fourths of length. Shell elongate subquadrate in outline; Ends subequal in curvature and extension hinge straight, extending nearly nine-tenths beyond hinge; ventral margin moderately of length of valve; cardinal angles obtuse convex, somewhat fuller anterior to mid- but fairly well defined. Curvature of ante- length. Edges of valve lie about in a plane; rior margin is comparatively regular; poste- details of hinge and overlap not determined. rior margin is recessive in lower part. Ven- Surface of valve moderately convex, rising tral margin is gently convex in male valves. steeply from margins. Median sulcus is Greatest height of male valve is slightly slightly less than one-half of distance from more than half of length. anterior end, and has a small rounded de- Surface of valve rises steeply from mar- pression about one-fourth distance below gins, then flattens toward broadly convex dorsal margin, that presumably reflects in- summit. Tust anterior to midlength, a well- ternal adductor scar. Anterior to sulcus and defined, subvertical sulcus extends almost OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1059

halfway from dorsal to ventral margin. junction of valves, so that its outer margin Walls of sulcus are steep, about parallel; is bent decidedly upwards as valve is ob- on anterior side of sulcus is an obscure, served with plane of conjunction in a hori- node-like swelling. zontal position; in male valves, frill extends In male valves, there is a small, wedge- along ventral margin with a width nearly like spine close to antero-ventral bend of one-fourth of total height of valve; frill the margin, and a similar, scarcely larger narrows gradually as it curves upward along spine occurs near ventral margin about one- anterior margin; postero-ventrally, frill is quarter of distance from posterior end. In abruptly narrowed, its width reduced by female valve, there is a dimorphicfrill with more than half; it then narrows gradually ends about at locations of spines of male along posterior margin, but retains radial valve. Frill has four radially-directed de- striae. In observed female valves, abrupt pressed lines, with broad intervening undul- postero-ventral narrowing of frill does not ations; surfaces of undulations are marked occur; antero-ventrally, frill is swollen into a by fine radial striae. highly elevated, ovoid dimorphic pouch, its Surfaceof valve is minutely granulose. summit rising above that of surface lobes. A male valve measures length 0.68 mm., Area enclosed by frill is trilobate. Median height 0.37 mm. A female valve, including sulcus is moderately broad, deepened ven- frill, measures length 0.76 mm., height 0.46 trally, lies slightly behind midlength, and mm. extends about three-fourths distance from Relationships.-Parabolbina cuneospi- dorsal margin to inner edge of frill. Anterior nosa is more elongate and more equal ended furrow shorter, narrower, curving along an- than are P. granosa (Ulrich, 1890) and P. terior margin of somewhat oblique, highly limbataSwartz, 1936. In P. limbatathe two elevated median lobe. Posterior lobe is mod- spines of the male valve are much stronger erately convex, and is about twice as wide and more conical than are those of P. as small or anterior lobe. Dorsal end of ante- cuneospinosa,and in the female valve the rior lobe narrows and curves posteriorward, posterior spine is retained and projects be- then continues into a low dorsal crest that yong the edge of the dimorphicfrill. extends parallel to hinge margin, above up- Occurrence.-Rare 2 to 5 feet below top of per ends of median lobe and two sulci, to Manlius limestone, Austin's Glen, New about middle of dorsal margin of large lobe. York; very rare, 15 feet below top of Man- Surfaces of lobes reticulate, the pits gen- lius limestone, William Nearpass quarries, erally irregular in shape. Surface of dimor- New Jersey. phic pouch also reticulate, its reticulation tending to be aligned lengthwise the pouch. Family BEYRICHIIDAE Ulrich Below median sulcus in male valves, on ven- Genus VELIBEYRICHIAHenningsmoen tral slope of yoke joining large lobe to me- VELIBEYRICHIARETICULOSACCULA dian lobe, a shallow groove extends in Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. lengthwise direction of valve; this groove P1. 104, 1-3 fig. has not been observed on female valves. Shell subovoid in outline, truncated dor- A male valve, including frill, measures sally by straight hinge which is but little length 1.22 mm., height 0.83 mm.; a female shorter than greatest length. Anterior car- valve measures length 1.17 mm., height 0.89 dinal angle somewhat obtuse; posterior mm. angle about a right angle, its tip slightly Relationships.- Velibeyrichia reticulosac- produced. Margins of valve obscured by cula is distinguished by the coarseness of its frill; anterior margin higher than posterior, reticulate ornament, in conjunction with the extended slightly beyond hinge. Greatest low crest paralleling the hinge and the shal- height is about three-fourths of length, low groove that in male valves lies below somewhat antero-median in location. the ventral end of the median sulcus. The Submarginal frill is radially striate, with reticulate ornament of the dimorphic pouch, 9 or 10 striae in 0.5 mm.; these are crossed upon which the name is based, is beautifully by more minute concentric striae, about 7 in preserved on the figured female valve. 0.1 mm. Frill diverges from plane of con- In recognition of the persistence in nu- 1060 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. merous related species of the combination of VELIBEYRICHIAPAUCIGRANULOSA the radially striated frill, the three undi- Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. vided lobes, and the swollen anteroventral P1. 104, fig. 4-9 dimorphic pouch that are characteristically Shell subrhombic in outline, posterior displayed in the Velibeyrichia genotype, cardinal angle produced so that posterior Beyrichia moodeyi Ulrich & Bassler, just as margin makes an acute angle with hinge; in Velibeyrichia reticulosaccula and V. anterior angle obtuse with curved anterior paucigranulosa, the writers are using Veli- margin extending beyond hinge for about beyrichia as a distinct genus rather than as one-eighth of valve length. Hinge extends for a subgenus of Beyrichia as was proposed by about seven-eighths of greatest length. Henningsmoen (1954b). The writers had Greatest height, including frill, is about expected to propose the same generic group- two-thirds of length, and is antero-median. ing, with the same genotype species, and Submarginal frill marked by about 12 had employed for it the name, Limbabey- radial striae in 0.5 mm.; it is relatively nar- richia, in earlier drafts of the present manu- row, its width about one-sixth of total script. height of valve; its outer edge is bent de- One of the distinctive features of the cidedly upwards as valve is observed with type of frill that is developed in Velibey- plane of conjunction in horizontal position; richia, is an inner compartmentation that frill narrows along terminal margins, with- was described by Swartz in a letter to N. de out any abrupt change in width. B. Hornibrook discussing relations of the Surface enclosed by frill is trilobate. Me- recent South Pacific species, Puncia novo- dian sulcus lies slightly behind midlength, zealandica and Manawa tryphena, to Pale- and extends about two-thirds of distance ozoic beyrichiids. (See Hornibrook, 1949.) from dorsal margin to inner edge of frill; The frill of Velibeyrichia moodeyi, and of median sulcus is deep ventrally, but shal- various species of Dibolbina, Apatobolbina lows dorsally where its margins flare out- and Eurychilina, has been discovered by wards; widened area tends to have an ob- Swartz to be a doubly walled structure, hav- scure median swelling. Anterior sulcus shal- ing internal partitions at the locations of the low though nearly as long as median sulcus; radial striae of the external surface. In it is defined anteriorly by cuesta-like sum- Swartz' opinion, the nature of this frill pro- mit of anterior lobe. Large or posterior lobe vides an important link between Eurychilina highly elevated; its summit, posterior to and Velibeyrichia that tends to support the deep part of median sulcus, rises about to arrangement of the eurychilinids and veli- level of median lobe. Median lobe slightly beyrichiids in a single family, in the fashion oblique, not reaching dorsal margin. Ante- that was proposed by Swartz in 1936. It rior lobe less than half width of posterior may be possible to continue to employ the lobe; its posteriorly curving, dorsal tip ex- name Beyrichiidae Jones for this generally tends into a low, narrow crest that parallels frill-bearing family, since both the non- hinge margin, extending above dorsal ends frilled Battus tuberculatus Kloeden, 1834, of median lobe and two sulci, reaching dor- which for many years was regarded as the sal margin of large lobe, where an obscure genotype of Beyrichia McCoy, and the non- extension angles downward obliquely from frilled Beyrichia kloedeni McCoy, 1846, for hinge. which a better case as genotype can prob- Dimorphic pouch of female valve is large, ably be made in view of remarks made by highly elevated, subovoid, elongated paral- McCoy in 1851, can reasonably be inter- lel to antero-ventral margin. preted as derivatives from normally frilled Surfaces of lobes bear low, obscure, dis- members of the Eurychilina-Velibeyrichia tant granules; in one valve there are addi- group. tional, closely spaced, much more minute Occurrence.- Velibeyrichia reticulosaccula granules. Ventral slope of large lobe is is common 2 to 5 feet below the top of the marked by a longitudinally disposed groove. Manlius limestone, Austin's Glen, New A male valve measures length 1.05 mm., York. Rare 18 feet above base of Manlius height 0.71 mm. A female valve measures limestone, William Nearpass quarries, New length 1.03 mm., height 0.73 mm. Jersey. Relationships.- Velibeyrichia paucigranu- OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1061 losa resembles V. reticulosaccula in the dorsal part. A low swelling of posterior portion of crest and ventral groove of the large lobe; anterior lobe is suggestive of a beyrichiid but the outline tends to be subrhombic and median lobe. Surfaces of lobes marked by more elongate, and the surface is granulose numerous shallow pits, the interspaces rather than strongly reticulate. about equal to pit diameters. The longitudinally disposed groove of the Female dimorph not observed. ventral slope of the large lobe of both Veli- The holotype male valve measures length beyrichia reticulosaccula and V. paucigranu- 1.2 mm., height 0.8 mm. losa, appears to be comparable to the "fis- Relationships.-Dibolbina macrosulcata is sus" illustrated in a similar position by Hen- distinguished by the convexity of the valve, ningsmoen (1954b) in specimens from the and depth and length of the median sulcus. Oslo region, Norway, which he has referred Occurrence.-Rare 2 feet below top of to Beyrichia kloedeni McCoy. Decker limestone, William Nearpass quar- The groove in the latter material appears ries, New Jersey. to be a shorter counterpart of the longer Genus PSEUDOBEYRICHIASwartz & grooves of Eobeyrichia zygophora Hennings- Whitmore, n. gen. moen (1954b), which in turn are suggestive in their location and extent of the grooves of Shell subovate to subelliptical in outline, such species as Conchoprimitestolli that have truncated dorsally by long straight hinge, been interpreted as the impression of the and having both cardinal angles well de- free margin of an early-stage valve-molt. fined. Surface trilobate; median lobe well Occurrence.- Velibeyrichia paucigranulosa elevated; terminal lobes less convex, not is common 2 feet above top of coralline bed transected by cross furrows; median sulcus of upper part of Decker limestone, William strong, anterior sulcus shallow; lobate area Nearpass quarries, New Jersey. of male valve enclosed except dorsally by an elevated, comparatively narrow rim that Genus DIBOLBINAUlrich & Bassler roughly parallels free margins; dimorphic DIBOLBINA MACROSULCATA Swartz & pouch elongate, extending in genotype n. along Whitmore, sp. free margin from anterior cardinal angle to a PI. 104, 10 fig. point behind midlength of valve; surface in Shell subovate in outline, truncated genotype marked by both small puncta and dorsally by straight hinge line extending comparatively coarse pustules. about nine-tenths of greatest length. Poste- Genotype.- Pseudobeyrichia perornata rior cardinal angle acute, protuberant; ante- Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. rior angle rounded. Anterior margin broadly Relationships.-On the basis of general and regularly rounded; posterior margin re- shape of shell, trilobation of surface with its cessive in lower part; ventral margin moder- strongly elevated median lobe, anteroven- ately convex in outline. tral dimorphic pouch, and the strong but Valve margined along free edges by a comparatively narrow or thin submarginal comparatively narrow frill, its width about ridge, Pseudobeyrichia perornata appears to one-tenth of greatest length of valve, its sur- the writers to be closer to members of Veli- face marked by numerous radial depressed beyrichia and Beyrichia, than to members of lines that reflect partitions of inner crevice Kloedenia with which it might otherwise be of frill. Area within frill strongly convex; compared. The submarginal ridge is simple greatest convexity, just posterior to lower as compared to the radially marked frill of part of median sulcus, is about one-fourth Velibeyrichia and the spinose submarginal of greatest length of valve. Median sulcus ridge of Beyrichia kloedeni as illustrated by deeply impressed, its walls rising steeply to Henningsmoen (1954b). The rim might be adjacent lobe surfaces; sulcus is located just compared with the submarginal rim of Nodo- anterior to midlength; it extends more than beyrichia Henningsmoen (1954b), in which half distance from dorsal margin of valve genus however the anterior and posterior to ventral margin of frill, or two-thirds dis- lobes are cut by transverse furrows. The di- tance from dorsal margin of valve to inner morphic pouch is more elongate than are margin of frill; sulcus is subvertical in dis- those of known members of the three latter position, but curves anteriorward in lower genera, and there is no suggestion of the de- 1062 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. pression anteroventral to the median lobe slightly inward and has an angulation on its that is well marked in many species of Veli- inner side; at this place it rises to a sharp beyrichia, although it is faint in the species eminence about twice as high as adjacent V. reticulosaccula and V. paucigranulosa parts of rim. that are described in this paper. The longi- In female valve, dimorphic pouch is tudinally directed furrow of the posterior strongly swollen, overhangs antero-ventral lobe of the latter two species, which has a margin of valve, and extends from near ante- well marked counterpart in Beyrichia kloe- rior cardinal angle to a point about one-third deni, is not represented in Pseudobeyrichia in front of posterior margin of valve. perornata. Surfaces of lobes and of dimorphic pouch Occurrence.-The only species now re- of female valve are minutely and regularly ferred to Pseudobeyrichia is P. perornata of punctate; this ornament is surmounted by the late Silurian Manlius limestone of New scattered pustules. Jersey. In figured female valve, ventral part of median sulcus has obscure, subvertical striae PSEUDOBEYRICHIA PERORNATA Swartz & that may reflect adductor scar. n. Whitmore, sp. The holotype male valve measures length P1. 104, fig. 11,12 1.0 mm., height 0.5 mm.; the figured female Shell elongate subelliptical in outline, valve measures length 1.1 mm., height 0.8 truncated dorsally by straight hinge, that mm. extends about eight-ninths of greatest Relation shiips.-Pseudobeyrichia perornata length. Anterior angle somewhat obtuse but is unique among known species in the char- well defined; posterior angle a little more acters of its ornament. Its general relation- nearly a right angle. Ends rounded, sub- ships are considered in the discussion of the equal in height; ventral margin medially sin- genus. uate. Height of male shell scarcely more than Occurrence.-Rare 3 feet below top of half of length. Edges of valve lie about in a Manlius limestone, William Nearpass quar- plane. ries, Wallpack Ridge, New Jersey; rare in Surface of valve well elevated, trilobate. basal foot of Manlius on Dalton Nearpass Median sulcus well marked, subvertical; farm. situated scarcely posterior to of midlength ZYGOBOLBIDAEUlrich & Bassler valve, and extending slightly more than Family KLOEDENINAEUlrich & Bassler halfway from dorsal to ventral margin. An- Subfamily Genus KLOEDENIA & Holl terior suclus shallow, poorly defined. Median Jones lobe strongly elevated, its summit rising The genus Kloedenia includes trilobed above plane of valve-margins for a distance Kloedeninae, in which median lobe is a about one-third of length of valve; this lobe rounded, elevated dorso-anteromedian knob, is obpyriform in shape, its dorsal margin bounded by subvertical median and anterior rounded and not reaching dorsal margin of sulci that commonly extend about half of valve; vertical axis of lobe is slightly oblique; distance from dorsal to ventral margin, diameter of lobe is about two-ninths length setting off a smaller anterior and larger of valve. Anterior lobe relatively broad, low; posterior lobe that tend to be broadly posterior lobe is strongly elevated, rising rounded with summits that do not deviate with moderate slope from its posterior mar- greatly from general convexity of valve sur- gin, then dropping abruptly to median sul- face; there is little or no development of a cus. A strong, rounded node occurs at dorsal ventral extension of anterior sulcus; dimor- extremity of posterior lobe, and there is a phic pouch of female valve is a well-defined, similar node at dorsal end of anterior lobe; a antero-ventral swelling, somewhat elongated node antero-ventral to median lobe is elon- parallel to antero-ventral margin. A narrow gated lengthwise valve. Submarginal ridge is flattened border margins free edges of each narrow, well elevated, extends from vicinity valve. of posterior cardinal angle about to dorsal Genotype.-Beyrichia wilckensiana Jones node of anterior lobe; ventrally and slightly of the Silurian Beyrichia limestone boulders posterior to midlength of valve, rim is bent of northern Germany. OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1063

Relationships.-The general character of the lobes are comparatively more elevated, lobation found in Kloedenia is shared by the median sulcus is long and deep, and the several other genera that differ in particular ventral region connecting the median and features of ornament or in character of the posterior lobes is swollen in a manner sug- dimorphic swelling. Thus in Zygobeyrichia gestive of Zygobeyrichia although there is no Ulrich there is a distinct ventral extension zygobeyrichiid ventral extension of the an- of the anterior sulcus and accompanying terior sulcus. Kloedenia montaguensis var. yoke-like connection of the ventral parts smocki was separated from K. montaguensis of the median and posterior lobes; in by Weller because of greater length of the Welleria Ulrich & Bassler the margins of the one known valve, and is of questionable dimorphic swelling are very poorly defined; significance. in Welleriopsis Swartz & Whitmore, n. gen., Kloedenia aparchoides represents another the dimorphic pouch is an elongate, ventral special play upon the generic characters, in rather than antero-ventral structure; Lopho- which the surface lobation and sulcation are kloedenia Swartz & Whitmore, n. gen., is exceptionally subdued. especially close to Kloedenia but its mem- Groupings such as are outlined above de- bers are very closely knit by presence of a serve further consideration in future studies low crest that extends posteriorward from of Kloedenia, in the search for better under- the dorsal end of the anterior lobe and termi- standing of the large assemblage of species nates at a knob located in the dorsal portion that has been referred to this genus. Investi- of the median sulcus. gations are especially needed that will more The members of Kloedenia that are here clearly define the characters of the genotype described from the Decker and Manlius and its closer relatives. limestones, include one group of four species Occurrence.-Silurian and Devonian, that show distinct interrelationship, espe- North America and Europe. cially in character of the median lobe, and two additional species that diverge in aspect KLOEDENIADECKERENSIS (Weller) both from the first four and from each other. PI. 106, fig. 1-6 In the group of four species, the median Beyrichia deckerensisWELLER, 1903, Geol. Sur- lobe has an obliquely directed ventral ex- vey New Jersey, Paleont., vol. 3, p. 256, pl. 23, tension and hence is obliquely obpyriform. fig. 11. Kloedenia sussexensis differs from the associ- Kloedenia manliensisdeckerensis ULRICH & BASS- LER, 1908, U. S. Nat. Mus. vol. 35 ated K. deckerensis in Proc., having coarse pustules (1908), p. 301. -, BASSLER,1915, U. S. Nat. that overset the granules common to both; Mus. Bull., vol. 92, p. 685. --, BASSLER& in both, there is some development of a zygo- KELLETT, 1934, Geol. Soc. Am., Special Paper beyrichiid extension of the anterior sulcus, no. 1, p. 363. but there is little sign of the ventro-median Male shell dorsally truncate, elongate zygose swelling of typical members of Zygo- subovate in outline. Hinge straight for about beyrichia. Kloedenia duplicipunctata and K. seven-eights of greatest length. Cardinal crassipunctata of the Manlius limestone angles obtuse, subequal. Anterior margin resemble K. sussexensis and K. deckerensis higher, more broadly rounded than poste- in general shape of shell and proportionate rior; ventral margin moderately convex, size of lobes as well as in the obliquely fullest in front of midlength; greatest height obpyriform aspect of the median lobe, but of valve is about three-fifths of greatest lack any trace of the zygobeyrichioid fur- length. row. In K. duplicipunctata, the lobe surfaces Surface of valve rising steeply from mar- are marked by both fine and coarse puncta, gins to moderately convex general surface of whereas in K. crassipunctata the coarse lobes, the rise interrupted by a flattened puncta are crowded together and finer pits border that parallels free edges. Median are lacking on the narrow interspaces. lobe obpyriform in outline, its ventral ex- In Kloedenia montaguensis, the outline is tension obliquely directed; this lobe does not less elongate than in K. sussexensis and its reach dorsal margin of valve; its diameter is close allies, and the obliquely obpyriform about one-fifth of valve length; its summit aspect of the median lobe is less pronounced; is moderately elevated. rounded. Median 1064 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. sulcus is subvertical, moderate in width, rather narrow submarginal border. Median and extends more than half of distance from lobe rounded with a small, oblique ventral dorsal to ventral margin. Anterior sulcus is extension; this lobe does not reach dorsal moderately deep in upper fourth of valve; margin of valve; its diameter is about two- a faint ventral continuation bends posterior- ninths of valve-length. Median sulcus fairly ward along flank of median lobe; below main deep, moderately wide, slightly enlarged part of anterior sulcus a faint, subvertical ventrally along flank of median lobe, ex- furrow crosses ventral slope of valve. tending nearly three-fifths of distance from Surfaces of lobes bear minute, closely dorsal to ventral margin. Anterior sulcus spaced granules. shorter and narrower; a faint continuation The type male right valve measures bends posteriorward along flank of median length 2.24 mm., height 1.4 mm. lobe. Anterior lobe about three-fifths as Relationships. -Kloedenia deckerensis wide as posterior lobe. Yoke-region, joining closely resembles K. sussexensis in size, form ventral ends of anterior and posterior lobes, of shell, proportions of lobes and sulci. It is somewhat swollen below median sulcus differs chiefly in lack of the coarse pustules and drops steeply to ventral part of sub- that in that species overset the more mi- marginal border; below main part of an- nute surface granules. terior sulcus a faint depression crosses ven- Occurrence.-The holotype male left valve tral slope above submarignal border. of Kloedenia deckerensis came from Weller's In female valve, dimorphic pouch is horizon 2A13, in upper 4 feet of Decker strongly swollen; it lies along and overhangs limestone, William Nearpass quarries, New part of antero-ventral border; its length is Jersey. The species is common in new collec- nearly two-thirds of length of valve; its tions 2 and 3 feet below the top of the dorsal margin is moderately well defined. Decker at this locality. Surfaces of lobes bear minute, closely crowded granules surmounted by coarser, KLOEDENIASUSSEXENSIS (Weller) more distant pustules. P1. 106, fig. 7-12 The holotype male valve measures length 2.4 mm., 1.5 mm. Beyrichia sussexensis WELLER, 1903, Geol. Sur- height vey New Jersey, Paleont., vol. 3, p. 253, pl. Relationships.-Kloedenia sussexensis is 23, fig. 3,4. suggestive of K. deckerensis, especially as Beyrichiaperinflata WELLER, 1903, Geol. Survey represented by the new specimens here illus- New Jersey, Paleont., vol. 3, p. 254, pl. 23, fig. latter material 6. trated. It differs from the Kloedenia sussexensis ULRICH& BASSLER,1908, chiefly in presence of the coarse pustules U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 35, p. 302, pl. 38, ornamenting the surfaces of the lobes. fig. 19,20. --, BASSLER& KELLETT, 1934, Female examples of K. sussexensis were Geol. Soc. Am., Special Paper no. 1, p. 366. named Beyrichia periifliata by Weller (1903), Male shell dorsally truncate, elongate since their dimorphic nature was not recog- subelliptical to subovate in outline. Hinge nized. extends about seven-eights of length of Male valves of K. sussexensis and the shell, with region above median sulcus and closely related K. deckerensis have a furrow median lobe tending to project slightly on the ventral slope in line with the main above hinge proper. Anterior angle obtuse; part of the anterior sulcus, and hence sug- posterior angle sharp, slightly extended. An- gest the genus Zygobeyrichia. The two spe- terior margin moderately and rather regu- cies have been left in Kloedenia since the larly convex in outline; anterior end is furrow is weak, and since the zygose ventral slightly higher than posterior end and pro- region connecting the posterior and median jects somewhat farther beyond limits of lobes is not markedly swollen. hinge. Ventral margin moderately convex, Occurrence.-The type specimens of K. fullest in front of midlength; greatest height sussexensis and K. "perinflata" reportedly of valve is about three-fifths of length. came from beds 4 to 10 feet below the top Surface moderately convex, rising steeply of the Decker limestone, at the William from free edges before flattening to form a Nearpass quarries, New Jersey. No ostra- OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1065 codes were observed by the authors in new KLOEDENIA CRASSIPUNCTATA Swartz collections from these levels. & Whitmore, n. sp. PI. 106, fig. 16-18 KLOEDENIA DUPLICIPUNCTATA Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Shell dorsally truncate, elongate subovate P1. 106, fig. 13-15 in outline. Hinge extends about nine-tenths of greatest length. Cardinal angles well de- Shell dorsally truncate, elongate subovate fined; posterior angle scarcely obtuse, an- in outline. Hinge extends about nine-tenths terior angle somewhat more so. Anterior of length of shell. Posterior cardinal angle margin higher and more regularly rounded protuberent, about a right angle; anterior than posterior margin, extended about angle obtuse. Anterior margin rather regu- twice as far beyond limits of hinge. Ventral larly rounded, projecting beyond hinge for margin moderately convex, fullest in front about a tenth of shell length. Posterior mar- of Greatest height of valve is gin subvertical above, rounding below into midlength. about four-sevenths of greatest length. ventral margin which is moderately convex, Surface of valve fullest anteromedially where height of shell moderately convex. A flattened border is about three-tenths of length. submarginal, extends along free Median sulcus is Valve moderately convex, rising steeply edges. deepened somewhat and from free edges, before flattening to form a ventrally, extends a trifle less than from submarginal border of moderate width. halfway dorsal to ventral mar- Anterior sulcus Median lobe rounded, obliquely obpyriform gin. narrow, faint weaken- about a in outline, not reaching to dorsal margin; ing ventrally, reaching third of distance from dorsal to diameter is about one-fifth of length of ventral margin; a valve. Median sulcus well defined in lower faint extension curves along anterior flank of median lobe. Median part, moderate in width, extending sub- lobe obliquely ob- vertically for about three-sevenths of dis- pyriform; moderate in size, its diameter about one-fifth of tance from dorsal to ventral margin. An- length of shell; it does not reach dorsal of terior sulcus shorter, weakening rapidly in margin valve; its summit rises above its ventral part where it curves against slightly summits of other lobes. Anterior median lobe. Anterior lobe nearly two-thirds lobe relatively wide, its width about two-thirds as wide as posterior lobe, narrowed some- that of posterior lobe and almost two-fifths of what in dorsal part. length of valve. Surfaces of lobes are marked by rather Surfaces of lobes are coarsely punctate, distant, more or less irregularly spaced, the pits fairly deep, flat-floored, separated coarse puncta, with finer puncta on broad by rather narrow reticulations. There are interspaces. Number of coarse pits is vari- about five pits in 0.3 mm. able; few of coarse pits occur on median In a female valve, brood pouch is elon- lobe. gate-ovate, overhanging anteroventral mar- The holotype valve measures length 1.2 gin of valve and extending for about two- mm., height 0.8 mm. thirds of valve length. Surface of pouch is Relationships.-Kloedenia duplicipunctata coarsely reticulate like surfaces of lobes. is closely related to K. crassipunctata, as is A male valve measures length 1.68 mm., shown especially by transitional individuals height 0.98 mm. A large female valve meas- in which the coarse pits are increasingly ures 2.24 mm., height 1.26 mm. numerous. There is close agreement in the Relationships.-Kloedenia crassipunctata character of the coarse pits, and likewise in is an important zonal fossil for the upper the proportions of the shell, of the lobes, and part of the Manlius both near Catskill, New of the sulci. York, and in northwestern New Jersey, and Occurrence.-Fairly common 2 to 5 feet occurs more sparingly in the lower part of below top of Manlius limestone, Austin's the formation. It is distinguished primarily Glen, New York. Rare 3 feet and 15 feet by the coarse pitting. The outline is rela- below top of Manlius limestone, William tively elongate for the genus. Nearpass quarries, New Jersey. Occurrence.-Abundant 2 to 5 feet below 1066 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. top of Manlius limestone, Austin's Glen, ventral portion of posterior lobe with region New York. Rare to common 11 feet, 2 feet, below median lobe is swollen, projects ven- 3 feet, 7 to 9 feet, and 15 feet below top of trally, and drops with a very steep slope to Manlius limestone, William Nearpass quar- adjacent part of submarginal border. ries, New Jersey. Rare, basal half-foot of Dimorphic pouch of female extends along Manlius limestone, Dalton Nearpass farm. and overhangs part of anteroventral margin Rare, lower part of Manlius limestone, of valve; length of pouch is about two- small quarry on Trilobite Mountain, New thirds of length of valve. Dorsal margin of York, 1.2 miles northeast of Tristate village. pouch is moderately well defined. Surfaces of lobes are minutely punctate KLOEDENIAMONTAGUENSIS (Weller) in well preserved valves. The puncta with P1. 1-8 108, fig. their intervening reticulations tend to be Beyrichiamontaguensis WELLER, 1903, Geol. Sur- surmounted by coarse but low and fairly New vol. vey Jersey, Paleont., 3, p. 267, pl. 24, distant pustules. These pustules are strong- fig. 23. Kloedeniamontaguensis ULRICH & BASSLER,1908, ly developed and numerous on dimorphic U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 35, p. 301. pouch of figured female valve. BASSLER& KELLETT, 1934, Geol. Soc. Am., The larger of the cotype, male left valves Special Paper no. 1, p. 364. measures length 2.4 mm., height 1.6 mm. Shell relatively high, dorsally truncate The figured female valve measures length subovate in outline, with hinge about nine- 2.94 mm., height 1.99 mm. tenths of greatest length. Posterior cardinal Relationships.-Kloedenia montaguensis angle slightly obtuse, sharpened in many differs from its variety K. m. var. smocki in valves by a gentle subjacent emargination. the proportionately greater height of the Anterior cardinal angle somewhat more ob- valve. tuse but well defined. Anterior margin con- The strongly swollen ventral yoke or zy- vex, most extended and most sharply curved gosity of K. montaguensis suggests the genus just above midheight. projecting beyond Zygobeyrichia, but the ventral prolongation hinge for about one-fifteenth of length of of the anterior sulcus that characterizes shell. Posterior margin gently convex above, members of that genus is not developed. somewhat recessive below. Ventral margin Occurrence.-William Nearpass quarries, in left valve tends to be truncate and almost New Jersey, 1? to 3 feet, 6 to 8 feet, and 13 straight for half of length of shell; in right feet below top of Manlius limestone. valve this truncation is weak or lacking. KLOEDENIAMONTAGUENSIS var. Greatest height is in location post-median SMOCKI and is about two-thirds of length. (Weller) P1. 9,10 Surface of valve strongly convex, rising 108, fig. steeply from free edges to outer margin of Beyrichia smocki WELLER,1903, Geol. Survey New Jersey, vol. 3, p. 268, pl. 24, fig. 24. flattened, submarginal border. In left valve, Kloedeniasmocki ULRICH & BASSLER,1908, U. S. border is broadest at either end of subtrun- Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 35, p. 302. BASS- cate portion of ventral border; in right LER& KELLETT,1934, Geol. Soc. Am., Special valve, border is somewhat narrowed along Paper no. 1, p. 365. ventral margin. Restudy of the holotype specimen of Median lobe rounded, strongly elevated; Beyrichia smocki Weller shows it to be a it is large, the diameter a quarter or more of right valve which in form and proportions length of valve; it does not reach dorsal of lobes, sulci and border agrees closely margin of valve. Median sulcus moderately with valves of Kloedenia montaguensis, ex- wide and relatively deep; it is distinctly cept that the whole valve is more elongate post-median in location, and extends three- than is normal for the latter species, and fifths or more of distance from dorsal to the surface does not show the fine puncta- ventral margin. Anterior sulcus moderately tion that is well developed in most of its strong, curving along flank of median lobe. studied examples. The ratio of length to Anterior lobe sickle-shaped, its width about height in the specimen of K. m. var. smocki three-fifths that of posterior lobe. is 1.73 to 1 as compared to 1.5 to 1 in the Ventral to median sulcus, yoke connecting larger of the cotype valves of K. montaguen- OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1067

sis. The border is much narrower ventrally A male left valve of this smaller group in the holotype of K. m. var. smocki than in measures length 1.8 mm., height 1.1 mm., as the cotypes of K. montaguensis, but this re- compared to length 2.4 mm., and height 1.6 flects the fact that the cotype specimens of mm. for the cotype male left valve of K. montaguensis are left valves; in right Kloedenia montaguensis illustrated in PI. 108 valves of K. montaguensis the border is nar- fig. 3. rowed ventrally about as in the holotype Occurrence.-The specimens here de- right valve of K. m. var. smocki. scribed were obtained at 1?, 2, and 7 to 9 It appears at this time that K. m. var. feet below the top of the Manlius limestone, smocki can not be separated from K. monta- at the William Nearpass quarries, New guensis except as a questionable variety; it Jersey. should not be accorded even this status un- less further collecting should give evidence KLOEDENIA APARCHOIDESSwartz & that it is representative of an assemblage of Whitmore, n. sp. elongate, smooth-surfaced individuals. It is P1. 103, fig. 11-14 not unlikely that the elongation of K. m. Shell dorsally truncate, subovate in out- var. smocki may be due to distortion rather line; hinge margin straight, about nine- than a difference of original growth, and tenths of greatest length; anterior cardinal that the apparent smoothness of surface is angle obtuse, posterior angle nearly a right due to imperfect preservation. The single angle. Anterior margin convex in outline, specimen does not give adequate answer to fuller in front of midlength. the problem. Hingement and overlap not observed. The specimen of K. m. var. smocki meas- Surface of valve moderately convex, ures length 2.6 mm., height 1.5 mm. weakly trilobate, the two sulci shallow and Occurrence.-The holotype valve of K. m. intervening median lobe low. Median sulcus var. smocki came from beds 13 to 23 feet is located slightly posterior to midlength above the base of the Manlius at the William (six-tenths from anterior margin in a repre- Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, in horizon sentative male valve), and its ventral end is 2A25 of Weller's section. about one-third distance from dorsal margin. Anterior sulcus is similar in length, KLOEDENIA cf. K. MONTA- situated about halfway from median sulcus GUENSIS(Weller) to anterior margin. A broad flattened bor- P1. 108, fig. 11-13 der parallels free margin. In female valve, Associated with typical examples of dimorphic pouch extends along antero- Kloedenia montaguensis in the upper part of ventral and medio-ventral regions for about the Manlius limestone at the William Near- three-fourths length of valve. pass quarries, are smaller and proportionate- In the illustrated female valve (PI. 103, ly somewhat longer Kloedenia valves in fig. 13) there is a rounded spot at ventral end which the yoke connecting the ventral end of median sulcus, evidently reflecting the of the posterior lobe with the region below adductor scar. the median lobe is less strongly swollen A male valve measures length 2.5 mm., than is normal for that species. These small- height 1.45 mm. er valves do however resemble K. monta- Relationships.-The bisulcation and trilo- guensis in form and large size of the median bation of Kloedenia aparchoides are subdued, lobe, in the sickle-like form of the anterior giving the species an Aparchites-like aspect lobe, and in character of the surface puncta. as compared to more characteristic members It is reasonably plausible that these valves of Kloedenia. Nevertheless, the trilobation represent immature individuals or at least is appreciably developed, and the dimorphic immature molts of K. montaguensis, that pouch is of normal Kloedenia type. The had not fully developed the adult characters weak trilobation of K. aparchoides helps to of the species. They are separately listed show that the essentially non-sulcate Sac- here and on the accompanying plate, to carchites saccularis may with reasonable as- draw attention to both their differences and surance be accorded membership in the similarities. Kloedeninae. The adductor scar marks of 1068 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

Kloedenia aparchoides and Myomphalus dor- and anterior sulci that extend about half- sinodosus are comparable to those of Saccar- way from dorsal to ventral margin; anterior chites saccularis. and posterior lobes broadly convex, con- The weak trilobation, broad submarginal fluent ventrally with broadly convex gen- border and elongate, unequal-ended form eral surface of valve; dorsal end of anterior provide distinctive specific features for lobe continues into a low and narrow ridge Kloedenia aparchoides. or crest that extends posteriorward dorsal Occurrence.-Lower part of Manlius lime- to median lobe and terminates at a low node stone, quarry near lane ascending eastern in dorsal part of median sulcus; a narrow side of Trilobite Mountain, New York, and flattened border parallels free margins; di- at quarries on Dalton Nearpass farm, New morphic swelling is well defined, antero- Jersey. ventral in location. Genotype.-Beyrichia manliensis Weller. LOPHOKLOEDENIASwartz Genus Relationships.-The known members of & n. Whitmore, gen. Lophokloedenia agree in shell morphology Shell dorsally truncate, subovoid; hinge with Kloedenia as now understood, except margin straight and long; cardinal angles for the narrow dorsal ridge or crest that well defined; surface trilobate; median lobe extends posteriorward from the dorsal end rounded, bordered by subvertical median of the anterior lobe and terminates in a

EXPLANATIONOF PLATE107 FIG. 1-9-Lophokloedenia manliensis (Weller). 1,2, Side and dorsal views of the holotype male left valve, X)<17 and X22, respectively, showing the wide border, the regular surface puncta, the small node in the dorsal part of the median sulcus and the low ridge by which it is connected to the dorsal end of the anterior lobe, the vertical sides and gently convex summit of the median lobe. New Jersey GeologicalSurvey Coll. 7341. 3-5. Three male left valves, X20, showing constancy of form and ornament, the broad ventral section of the border with its medially truncate outline. 6-8, Three male right valves showing narrowerborder, and the persistently greater length of this valve with greatest height about at midlength. 9, A female left valve, X 17, believed to belong to this species. 1,2, from William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 2 to 6? feet above base of Manlius limestone (2A22); 3, from same quarries, 2 feet above base of Manlius limestone; 4,5,8, from quarries near lane on Dalton Nearpass farm, New Jersey, basal 2 feet of Manlius limestone; 6,7,9, from quarry beside lane on east side of Trilobite Mountain, 1.2 miles northeast of Tristate, Orange County, New York, Manlius limestone 40 feet below lowest exposed beds of Coeymanslimestone. (p. 1069) 10-13-Lophokloedenia kummeli(Weller). 10,11, Side and dorsal views of the holotype male left valve, X 17. The surface ornament is badly clogged with matrix, but some of the pustules surmounting the punctate-reticulateornament are visible. The pustulose ridge extending from the dorsal end of the anterior lobe to the node in the dorsal part of the median sulcus, is well shown in the dorsal view. New Jersey GeologicalSurvey Coll. 7323. William Nearpass quarries,New Jersey, 8 to 13 feet above base of Manlius limestone (2A24). 12,13, Side and anterior views, X<15, of a female right valve with surmountingpustules especially well developed on the dimorphicpouch. Lane on east side of Trilobite Mountain, 1.2 miles northeast of Tristate, OrangeCounty, New York, Manlius limestone 40 feet below lowest exposed beds of Coeymanslimestone. (p. 1070) 14-18-Lophokloedenia eufimbriataSwartz & Whitmore, n. sp. 14,15, Views of syntypes. 14, A relatively complete male left valve, X 17, showing the elongate form, strong pustules surmountingthe reticulate-punctateornament of the lobes, the pustules of the bordering rim, and the node at the dorsal end of the median sulcus. The rounded mark in the ventral part of the median sulcus may be a reflectionof the muscle scar. 15, Post-ventral part of a right valve, X38, showing the spinelets radiating from the actual edge of the valve. 16-18, Three smaller male right valves, X20; basal parts of the marginalspinelets are preservedin 16 and 17; lack of coarse pustules in 18 may be due to immaturity.Austin's Glen, New York, 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p.1071) 19-Lophokloedeniacf. L. kummeli(Weller). A male left valve, X20. This specimen is suggestive of L. eufimbriatain comparative length, and the surface puncta are relatively coarse. How- ever, it agreeswith L. kummelirather than L. eufimbriatain the non-pustuloserim of the submarginal border,and in the medial straightness of the ventral outline. William Nearpass quarries,New Jersey, 1? feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1071) JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, VOL. 30 PLATE 107 Swartz& Whitmore

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4. 5 OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1069 node located in the dorsal part of the Shell subelliptical to subovate in outline, median sulcus. truncated dorsally by long straight hinge Occurrence.-The three species referred to which extends for about nine-tenths of Lophokloedenia occur in the Manlius lime- greatest length. Left valve higher than stone at the Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, right, presumably to allow for ventral over- and at Trilobite Mountain and Austin's lap on right valve. Posterior cardinal angle Glen, New York. nearly a right angle, sharpened by a slight subjacent emargination. Anterior cardinal LOPHOKLOEDENIAMANLIENSIS (Weller) angle obtuse. Anterior margin rounded, ex- PI. 107, fig. 1-9 tending beyond hinge for nearly a tenth of Beyrichia manliensis WELLER, 1903, Geol. Sur- length of valve; in right more than in left vey New Jersey, Paleont., vol. 3, p. 268, pl. 23, valve, anterior margin is fuller below than fig. 10. above midheight. Posterior margin gently Kloedenia manliensis ULRICH& BASSLER,1908, curved in more rounded U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 35, p. 301, pl. 38, upper part, rapidly fig. 21. --, BASSLER& KELLETT,1934, Geol. below. Ventral margin medially truncate in Soc. Am., Special Paper no. 1, p. 363. outline in left but not in right valve. Great-

EXPLANATIONOF PLATE108 FIG. 1-8-Kloedenia montaguensis (Weller). 1-3, The cotype male left valves, with a ventral view of the second specimen; 1 is X 17, 2 is X21, 3 is X23. The wide, ventrally truncated marginal border, large median lobe, long median sulcus, and strong ventral zygosity yoking the median and posterior lobes, are well shown. The minute surface punctation is visible in fig. 2, and the surmounting pustules can be observed on the anterior lobe. 4,5, Two male left valves, X 14 and X 16, respectively; in 4, the deep part of the median sulcus may reflect the adductor location. 6,7, Two male right valves, X 13 and X21, respectively, showing proportions of valve, form of ventral zygosity, ventral narrowness of marginal border, and lack of truncation of curvature of ventral margin. In 7, the pustules surmounting the general punctation are well shown on part of the posterior lobe. 8, A female right valve, X 10. The surface pustules are strongly developed, especially on the dimorphic pouch. 1-3, New Jersey Geological Survey Coll. 7336, William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, beds 2A26, 23 to 35 feet above base of Manlius limestone. Other specimens are also from the Manlius limestone at this locality; 4 is from beds 3 feet below top of Manlius; 5 and 7 are from beds 1 feet below top; 6 and 8 are from beds 7 to 9 feet below top. (p. 1066) 9,10-Kloedenia montaguensis var. smocki (Weller). Side and posterior views of the holotype male right valve, X22, showing the similarity to K. montaguensis proper, but the lesser height of the valve and the smooth lobes. The elongation may be due to distortion. New Jersey Geological Survey Coll. 5934, William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, beds 2A25, 13 to 23 feet above base of Manlius limestone. (p. 1066) 11-13-Kloedenia cf. K. montaguensis (Weller). A "male" right valve and two "male" left valves, X 20. These small specimens probably are immature examples of K. montaguensis, but differ appreciably from the larger valves. In 12 and 13 especially, the strong ventral zygosity of typical, larger specimens of K. montaguensis is wanting. The right valve, fig. 11, is suggestive of K. montaguensis var. smocki. Fig. 13 especially shows the surface punctation, and the obliquely directed ventral extension of the median lobe. 11,12 from William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 1 feet below top of Manlius limestone; 13 from same locality, 2 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1067) 14-17-Zygobeyrichia barretti (Weller). Left and right valve views, and ventral and posterior views of the holotype male shell, X 26, showing marginal overlap of left valve on right valve, wider and ventrally truncated submarginal border of left valve, rather narrow median lobe, and the coarse surface puncta. New Jersey Geological Survey Coll. 5933, William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, beds 2A12, 42 to 48 feet above base of Decker limestone. (p. 1072) 18-22-Zygobeyrichia nearpassi (Weller). 18,19, The syntype male right and left valves, X22, showing details of the smooth-surfaced lobes. The cardinal angles are imperfect. 20,21, A male right valve and male left valve, X21, preserving the cardinal angles; 21 shows lack of ventral truncation that characterizes the left valve in Z. barretti in fig. 14. 22, A female right valve, X)20, showing form of the dimorphic pouch. 18,19, New Jersey Geological Survey Coll. 6365, William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, beds 2A13, 48 to 52 feet above base of Decker limestone; 20 from same locality, 3 feet below top of Decker limestone; 21,22 from same locality, 2 feet below top of Decker limestone. (p. 1072) 1070 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

est height in left valve is three-fifths to two- node. Left valves of L. kummeli tend to be thirds of length; in right valve greatest appreciably more elongate than those of L. height tends to be less than three-fifths of manliensis, and nodose thickenings sur- length. mount the punctate-reticulose surface orna- Hingement and overlap not directly ob- ment. served, but from inequality in outline of Occurrence.-The holotype specimen of valves it is reasonably clear that left valve Lophokloedenia manliensis came from beds overlaps right along ventral and probably 2 to 6? feet above base of the Manlius lime- along terminal margins. stone at the William Nearpass quarries, Surface of valves moderately convex; sur- New Jersey (2A22). The species is common face rises steeply from free edges, then sud- 2 feet above the base of the Manlius, rare denly flattens to form a submarginal border 14 feet above the base in new collections that extends from cardinal angle to cardinal from this locality; one specimen 32 feet angle; border widens along ventral part of above the base or 3 feet below the top is left valve, where surface is sharply inflected questionably referred to the species. L. man- at outer edge of border; in right valve, border liensis is common to abundant in the basal is narrowed along ventral margin. half-foot of the Manlius on the Dalton Median lobe is rounded, knob-like, rises Nearpass farm about a half-mile north of slightly higher than other lobes, and does the William Nearpass quarries, and is com- not quite reach dorsal margin of valve. mon in lower Manlius beds, 40 feet below Median sulcus lies slightly posterior to mid- the lowest exposed beds of Coeymans lime- length of valve; it is well defined though stone, in a quarry on the east slope of Trilo- moderate in width, is straight and subverti- bite Mountain, 2 miles northeast of Tri- cal, and reaches about halfway from dorsal state, New York. to ventral margin. At dorsal end of median sulcus is a well defined node. Anterior sulcus ILOPHOKLOEDENIAKUMMELI (Weller) is narrower and shorter than median sul- PI. 107, fig. 10-13 cus, and curves along adjoining margin of Beyrichia kummeliWELLER, 1903, Geol. Survey median lobe. Anterior lobe is about two- New Jersey, Paleont., vol. 3, p. 266, pl. 24, fig. thirds as wide as large posterior lobe; a nar- 21. low curves from Kloedenia kummeli ULRICH & BASSLER,1908, row, ridge posteriorward U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 35, p. 301. - dorsal end of anterior lobe and connects to ULRICH& BASSLER,1913, Md. Geol. Survey, node at dorsal end of median sulcus. Lower Devonian, p. 531, pl. 97, fig. 16. Surfaces of lobes are minutely, rather BASSLER& KELLETT,1934, Geol. Soc. Am. no. 1, p. 363. evenly punctate. Special Paper Though males of L. manliensis are com- Shell more or less subquadrate in outline, mon to abundant on some of studied slabs, with ventral margin of left valve truncate females were not observed except for one for about half of length of valve and not example whose reference to the species is very divergent from hinge. Greatest height rendered somewhat questionable by lack of post-median. about three-tenths of length. node at dorsal end of median sulcus. An- Hinge line straight for about nine-tenths of terior sulcus is weaker than in observed length. Posterior cardinal angle about a male valves. Dimorphic pouch is large, lies right angle, set off by a slight subjacent along and in part overhangs antero-ventral emargination; anterior angle obtuse but margin of valve, and is poorly defined along sharp. Anterior margin rounded, projecting its dorsal margin. beyond hinge about one-tenth length of The holotype valve measures length 2.5 valve; posterior margin subvertical above, mm., height 1.6 mm. curving into ventral margin below. Relationships.--Lophokloedenia manlien- Surface of valve moderately convex, ris- sis is closely related to L. kummeli (Weller) ing steeply from free edges and then flat- in general nature of the lobation, character tening abruptly to form submarginal bor- of surface punctation, and notably in pres- der that extends from one cardinal angle to ence of the dorsal ridge and its terminal the other. On left valve, outer edge of border OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1071

is carinate, slightly upturned along ventral lius, 40 feet below the lowest exposed beds margin. of Coeymans limestone at a quarry on the Median lobe rounded, its summit rising east slope of Trilobite Mountain, 1.2 miles a trifle above summits of other lobes; its northeast of Tristate, New York. diameter is slightly less than a fourth of LOPHOKLOEDENIAcf. L. length of valve; it does not reach dorsal KUMMELI margin. Median sulcus is well marked, (Weller) P1. 19 moderate in width, subvertical, and extends 107, fig. halfway or scarcely more of distance from Relationships.-The occurrence of several dorsal to ventral margin; at dorsal end of specimens more or less intermediate in char- sulcus there is a well defined node. Anterior acter between Lophokloedenia kummeli and sulcus shorter, shallower and narrower than L. eufimbriata, is exemplified by illustration median sulcus; it tends to curve along ad- of a male left valve from the upper part of joining flank of median lobe. Anterior lobe the Manlius limestone in New Jersey. The is about two-thirds of width of posterior specimen resembles L. eufimbriata in com- lobe; it narrows dorsally where it continues parative length of valve and in coarseness into a narrow ridge that extends posterior- of the pustules surmounting the general ward to node at dorsal end of median sul- puncto-reticulation of the surface. How- cus. Posterior lobe reaches greatest con- ever, the pustules that ornament the mar- vexity slightly behind posterior part of ginal rim in L. eufimbrata are wanting and median sulcus. the ventral margin is less convex in outline. Dimorphic pouch of female valve is al- Occurrence.-Rare 1 feet below top of most two-thirds as long as valve. It extends Manlius limestone, William Nearpass quar- along and overhangs more anterior part of ries, New Jersey. ventral margin; its dorsal margin is moderately well defined. LOPHOKLOEDENIA EUFIMBRIATA Swartz & n. Surfaces of lobes and of dimorphic pouch Whitmore, sp. P1. 14-18 are marked by fine, somewhat irregularly 107, fig. shaped pits, separated by narrow reticula- Shell elongate, subelliptical to subovate in tions; the reticulations are locally thick- outline, truncated dorsally by straight hinge ened, forming irregular pustules that are that extends about nine-tenths of length of especially prominent on dimorphic pouch of shell. In a large left valve, cardinal angles illustrated female valve. are sharp but somewhat obtuse; ends are The holotype male valve measures length similar in height, their rounding compara- 4 mm., height 2.1 mm. tively regular; ventral margin is moderately Relationships.-Lophokloedenia kummeli is and fairly regularly convex in outline. In very close to L. manliensis in form of lobes some smaller right valves, questionably re- and sulci, presence of the peculiar node at ferred to species since mature ornament is the dorsal end of the median sulcus, and in not fully developed, anterior margin is con- general nature of the surface puncta. It dif- vexly rounded, fuller below than above; fers in the proportionately greater length of posterior margin is subvertical in upper the left valve, and in the tendency to de- part, recessive below; ventral margin is velop pustules surmounting the general regularly curved, fullest anterior to mid- punctate-reticulate surface ornament. length. Height of shell is about three-fifths Occurrence.-The holotype specimen of of length. L. kummeli came from Weller's horizon Surface of valve moderately convex, rising 2A24, 8 to 13 feet above the base of the steeply from free edges, then flattening to Manlius limestone at the William Nearpass form a submarginal border of moderate quarries. A few poor specimens from 12 width; border has a shallow, inner groove feet below the top of the Manlius at this setting off a somewhat elevated outer rim. locality have been questionably referred to Median lobe rounded, rather prominent, the species. It is represented by excellent not reaching dorsal margin of valve; its but rare examples in lower beds of the Man- diameter is about one-fifth of length of 1072 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. valve. Median sulcus moderate in width, Genus ZYGOBEYRICHIAUlrich deepened ventrally; it is situated slightly ZYGOBEYRICHIABARRETTI (Weller) posterior to midlength of valve and extends P1. 108, fig. 14-17 subvertically for nearly three-fifths of dis- Beyrichia barrettiWELLER, 1903, Geol. Survey tance from dorsal to ventral margin; a mark New Jersey, Paleont., vol. 3, p. 254, pl. 23, fig. end of sulcus in one of 9. near ventral syntype Kloedeniabarretti ULRICH & BASSLER,1908, U. S. valves apparently reflects adductor scar; a Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 35, p. 301. -, ULRICH distinct node occurs in dorsal part of median & BASSLER,1913, Md. Geol. Survey, Lower sulcus. Devonian, p. 532, pl. 97, fig. 17. Anterior sulcus shorter than median sul- Male shell subquadrate to almost sub- cus, its narrowed and shallowed ventral pentagonal in outline; hinge line straight, part curving along adjoining flank of median extending about nine-tenths of greatest lobe. Anterior lobe about two-thirds as length; cardinal angles obtuse, with a slight wide as posterior lobe, narrowed dorsally emargination below posterior angle. In left where it continues into a low, narrow ridged valve, ventral margin is truncate and al- that connects with node at dorsal end of most straight for half of shell-length; the median sulcus. truncated section is not quite parallel to Surfaces of lobes are marked by irregular- hinge. Anterior end extends slightly farther ly shaped puncta separated by narrow retic- beyond hinge than does the other, so that ulations; in large specimens, at least, this swing of shell is toward anterior end, though punctate-reticulose ornament is surmounted greatest height, equalling about two-thirds by numerous, low but coarse pustules; com- of length, is about three-fifths distance parable pustules form a row along elevated from anterior end of shell. outer rim of submarginal border of free Right valve overlaps left along free mar- edges. In large left valves, tiny subcylindri- gins. cal spinelets lying about in plane of con- A submarginal. flattened border extends junction radiate outward from actual free along free edges of each valve, from one edge of valve. cardinal angle to the other; at outer margin A large male left valve measures length of border, which is rounded ventrally, more 3.2 mm., height 1.9 mm. angulated terminally, the valve wall bends Relationships.-Lophokloedenia eufimbri- abruptly downward to form flanges by ata is named from the tiny spinelets that which left valve overlaps on right. radiate from the free edges of left valves, at Surface within border moderately con- least at mature stages. The spinelets pre- vex, rising steeply from ventral part of bor- sumably are lacking in right valves, to allow der, and sloping more gently toward dorsal some marginal overlap. margin, so that greatest convexity is below The close relationship of L. eufimbriata to midheight, except for elevated summit of L. manliensis and especially to L. kummeli median lobe. Median lobe elongated in is evidenced by the general form of the lobes dorso-ventral direction of shell; its antero- and sulci, and presence of the small node at ventral margin is oblique, defined by a the dorsal end of the median sulcus. On L. moderately aburpt flattening of surface; manliensis, the surfaces of the lobes are summit of lobe slopes rather gradually punctate-reticulate, without surmounting toward hinge. Median sulcus is just posterior pustules, and the border is smooth. On L. to midlength of valve; it is deepened in its kummeli, the punctate-reticulate surface de- ventral part where it extends somewhat be- tail is surmounted by pustules, somewhat as low midheight; it is not quite perpendicular in L. eufimbriata, but the pustules are weak- to hinge but swings slightly toward an- er and less numerous, the border does not terior end of shell. Anterior sulcus is weaker bear pustules along its outer rim, and so far than median sulcus; its shallow ventral ex- as known the radiating spinelets of the free tension curves along flank of median lobe; a edges of the left valve are not present. shallow depression extends upward from Occurrence.-Fairly common, 2 to 5 feet ventral margin, about in line with main part below top of Manlius limestone, Austin's of anterior sulcus, and helps to define the Glen, New York. moderately swollen, ventral zygosity that OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1073

tends to join ventral parts of posterior and along free margins from one cardinal angle median lobes. Posterior or large lobe nearly to the other, and is somewhat broader ven- twice as wide as anterior lobe. trally than along terminal margins; border Surfaces of lobes are marked by irregu- is wider in left valve than in right; appar- larly shaped, coarse, flat-floored pits, the ently reflecting marginal overlap by left interventing reticulose ridges wide, irreg- valve. ular. Surface enclosed by flattened border is The holotype shell measures length 2 moderately convex. Posterior lobe is strong- mm., height 1.1 mm. ly convex, almost as broad as the other two Relationships.-The large, irregularly lobes combined. Median lobe is subglob- shaped, flat-floored pits of Z. barretti pro- ular, its summit rising about as high as that vide a very distinctive character for the of posterior lobe, and sloping gradually species. toward hinge margin. Median sulcus lies al- The holotype of Z. barretti furnishes one most exactly at midlength, is deepened of the rare examples of conjoined valves in ventrally, and extends about halfway from the Kloedeninae, and is of interest because dorsal to ventral margin. Anterior sulcus is it gives information about the marginal narrower than median sulcus, curves slight- overlap of the valves. The zygobeyrichiid ly along flank of median lobe; it does not ventro-median swelling and post-median, reach quite to midheight, but passes ven- subventral furrow are well marked. trally into an obscure prolongation that Occurrence.-According to Weller's rec- deepens as it extends down the ventral ords, the type specimen of Zygobeyrichia slope. barretti came from the upper part of the Surfaces of lobes are smooth. Decker limestone, from the beds numbered In a female vale, the antero-ventral di- 2A12 in his description of the William Near- morphic pouch is moderate in size, not very pass section. Thepe beds are above the well defined dorsally, and overhangs margi- range of Chonetesjerseyensis. Specimens ob- nal border. tained in Pennsylvania by F. M. Swartz A male valve measures length 1.5 mm., occur in abundance at the base of the height 0.9 mm. A female valve measures Chonetesjerseyensis zone of the Keyser lime- length 1.5 mm., height 1.0 mm. stone. Relationships.-Zygobeyrichia nearpassi differs from Z. barretti in the convexity in ZYGOBEYRICHIANEARPASSI (Weller) outline of the ventral margin of the left P1. 108, fig. 18-22 valve, as well as in absence of the strikingly Beyrichianearpassi WELLER, 1903, Geol. Survey developed pits of the lobe surfaces. New Tersey, Paleont., vol. 3, p. 255, pl. 23, Occurrence.-Very abundant in upper 4 fig. 7,8. feet of Decker at horizon 2A13 Kloedenia nearpassi ULRICH& BASSLER,U. S. limestone, Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 35, p. 301, 304, fig. 55,56. of Weller's section, William Nearpass quar- -, ULRICH & BASSLER, 1913, Md. Geol. ries, New Jersey. Survey, Lower Devonian, p. 530, pl. 97, fig. 12,13. Genus MYOMPHALUSSwartz & n. Male shell subelliptical in outline, trun- Whitmore, gen. cated dorsally by long hinge which is about Shell dorsally truncate subovoid, the hinge five-sixths of greatest length of shell. Car- margin straight and long, the cardinal dinal angles well defined, anterior angle angles well defined. Median sulcus weak, more obtuse than the other. Posterior mar- bordered on each side by a rounded knob. gin gently curved in upper part, recessive Dimorphic pouch poorly defined, elongate, below; anterior margin more regularly typically extending along middle and an- curved, fuller below, extending about twice terior parts of ventral margin. as far beyond hinge as does posterior mar- Genotype.-Myomphalus dorsinodosus gin. Ventral margin moderately convex. Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Greatest height about two-thirds of great- Relationships.-Myomphalus dorsinodo- est length. sus, the only species now referable to My- A submarginal, flattened border extends omphalus, is somewhat suggestive of Mes- 1074 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. omphalus Ulrich & Bassler in elongation sion along its antero-dorsal margin. In each and longitudinal direction of the dimorphic of two figured female valves, there is a circu- pouch, and the two nodes are suggestive of lar spot about one-third below dorsal mar- those shown in the original figures of Mesom- gin, directly below the depression or obscure phalus hartleyi. In Mesomphalus, however, median sulcus located between dorsal the dimorphic pouch is far better defined nodes; the spot is circumscribed by a de- and is located along the middle of the ven- pressed line, and evidently is an external re- tral margin; the node behind the median sul- flection of adductor scar of inner surface of cus has proven to be very weak; the node valve. shown by the artist in front of the median In female valves there is a large ventral sulcus is obscure if not non-existent; further- dimorphic swelling, its longitudinal axis more, male valves of Mesomphalus have a roughly parallel to that of valve; anterior peculiar longitudinal crease that is lacking end of swelling extends to anterior end of in Myomphalus dorsinodosus. Myomphalus valve; posterior end is about one-quarter of dorsinodosus is probably best regarded as a distance from posterior end of valve. Dorsal peculiar, not truely lobate offshoot of margin of the swelling is very poorly de- Kloedenia; K. aparchoides of the present fined; ventrally, the swelling overhangs paper appears to be a comparatively close edge of valve. relative, even though it preserves the trilo- Surface of valve is ornamented by very bation of Kloedenia and lacks subdorsal obscure, distant granules. nodes of the type present in dorsinodosus. The figured male valve measures length The name Myomphalus has been used in 1.8 mm., height 1.1 mm. The large female recognition of the strong muscle marks of valve measures length 2.3 mm., height 1.5 the two figured female valves of M. dorsino- mm. dosus. Relationships.-Myomphalus dorsinodosus Occurrence.-Rare to common near base is Kloedenia-like in general form of valve, of Manlius limestone, Dalton Nearpass straightness of hinge and form of dimorphic farm, New Jersey, and quarry on east side pouch, and is clearly a member of the Kloe- of Trilobite Mountain, New York. deninae. However, the bisulcation and trilobation of Kloedenia-type are obscure, and MYOMPHALUSDORSINODOSUS Swartz the two dorso-submedian knobs seem to be & Whitmore, n. sp. unllmatched in previously described Kloe- P1. 103, fig. 15-17 deninae. Male shell subovate in outline, truncated Occurrence.-Rare in basal 2 feet of Man- dorsally by straight hinge extending about lius limestone, Dalton Nearpass farm sec- three-fourths of greatest length. Cardinal tion, Wallpack Ridge, New Jersey; rare in angles about equally obtuse, fairly well Manlius limestone 40 feet below lowest ex- defined. Anterior end higher than posterior, posed Coeymans limestone, at a quarry near more broadly rounded and extending slight- road up the east side of Trilobite Mountain, ly farther beyond hinge; posterior end reces- 1.2 miles northeast of Tristate, New York. sive below. Ventral margin moderately con- Genus WELLERIOPSIS Swartz vex. Greatest height lies about two-fifths of & Whitmore, n. distance from anterior end, and is about gen. seven-tenths of length. Details of hinge and Trilobed, Welleria-like Kloedeninae, in overlap not determined. which dimorphic pouch forms a sausage- Surface of valve moderately convex, with like swelling that extends virtually the en- a narrow, submarginal flattening or border tire length of ventral part of female valve, along free edges. Two small, rounded nodes and tends to be fairly well defined along its occur near dorsal margin, one on each side upper margin. Dorso-median lobe rounded, of weak median sulcus; more posterior node knob-like, not reaching dorsal margin of is slightly posterior to midlength and lies valve; median sulcus well defined; anterior close to dorsal margin; more anterior node sulcus almost obsolete; a narrow border is slightly smaller, lies just anterior to mid- parallels free margins. length, is farther from dorsal margin, and Genotype.- Welleriopsis diplocystulis in figured male valve has an oblique depres- Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1075

Relationships.-Male valves of Welleriop- row border parallels free edges of valve, and sis have the appearance of Welleria Ulrich is defined on its inner and outer sides by & Bassler, 1923, but the dimorphic pouch of shallow grooves. the female valve is much more elongate, is Dimorphic pouch of female valve strongly ventro-median rather than antero-median elevated, extending almost full length of in location, and is more or less defined along valve; its dorsal margin is well defined, and its dorsal margin. Welleria was proposed, lies near midheight of valve, being a little on the other hand, because in Welleria higher anteriorly than posteriorly; dorsal obliqua Ulrich & Bassler, 1923, of the Tonol- margin of pouch is indented beneath median oway of Maryland, the female pouch is an lobe, tending to separate pouch into two undefined swelling, comparable in size and parts. Pouch overhangs ventral margin of location to the pouch of Kloedenia, but valve. lacking dorsal definition. The undefined Surfaces of lobes finely punctate-reticu- pouch of Welleria obliqua occupies only lose. about half of length of valve. A male valve measures length 0.98 mm., An elongate subcylindrical, ventrally lo- height 0.62 mm.; a female valve measures cated dimorphic pouch somewhat like that length 1.24 mm., height 0.84 mm. There of Welleriopsis, occurs in Mesomphalus Ul- are about 4 surface puncta in 0.1 mm. rich & Bassler, 1913, but in that genus the Relationships.- Welleriopsis diplocystulis median lobe is very poorly defined and a approaches W. jerseyensis (Weller) in outline longitudinal crease or furrow marks the and character of lobation; but the surface ventral slope of the posterior lobe. is finely punctate-reticulose rather than Occurrence.-Decker and Manlius lime- smooth, and the median lobe proportion- stones of New Jersey; questionably from the ately smaller but more elevated. Keyser limestone in West Virginia. Occurrence.-Common 32, 33, and 331 feet above base of Manlius limestone, William WELLERIOPSIS DIPLOCYSTULIS Swartz Nearpass quarries, New Jersey. & Whitmore, n. sp. PI. 105, fig. 9-13 WELLERIOPSIS JERSEYENSIS (Weller) P1. 14-16 Shell relatively short, subelliptical to al- 105, fig. most subquadrate in outline; hinge margin BeyrichiajerseyensisWELLER, 1903, Geol. Survey vol. straight, extending nearly nine-tenths of New Jersey, Paleont., 3, p. 255, pl. 23, fig. 5. greatest length. Anterior angle obtuse; pos- Kloedeniajerseyensis UILRICH& BASSLER,1908, terior cardinal angle more nearly a right U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 35, p. 301.--, angle. Posterior margin subvertical and very BASSLER & KELLETT, 1934, Geol. Soc. Am., gently convex in upper two-thirds, then Special Paper no. 1, p. 362. curving more rapidly to the moderately Male shell subovoid in outline, truncated convex, ventral margin. Anterior margin dorsally by straight hinge that extends broadly convex, projecting beyond hinge slightly more than three-fourths of greatest for about one-tenth of valve length. Height length. Posterior cardinal angle fairly sharp, of male valve nearly two-thirds of length. slightly obtuse; anterior angle much more Surface of valve rather strongly convex, obtuse. Posterior margin nearly straight in reaching its maximum in antero-median upper part, curving more rapidly near mid- part of large, posterior lobe, except for the height and swinging into gently convex ven- still more highly elevated summit of median tral margin. Anterior margin strongly lobe. Median lobe does not reach dorsal curved, fullest below, extending beyond margin of valve; it is moderate in size, slight- hinge for about a sixth of valve-length. ly oblique. Median sulcus extends a trifle Surface of valve moderately convex; below midheight of valve; it is subverti- greatest convexity occurs on posterior lobe cal, well defined, its ventral tip curving just posterior to lower end of median sulcus, slightly around median lobe. Anterior sul- except for the slightly more elevated sum- cus about obsolete, appearing only as a mit of median lobe. Median lobe subquad- faint, slightly depressed line curving along rate, not more than moderately elevated, its flank of median lobe. Posterior lobe broad, summit highest posteriorly; it is relatively the descent to median sulcus abrupt. A nar- large, its diameter about a fourth of valve 1076 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. length; dorsal margin of median lobe is median lobe tends to be more rounded with about one-fifth distance below hinge margin. median sulcus shorter and more curved. Median sulcus is slightly posterior to mid- Posterior cardinal angle may prove to be length; it extends as a narrow, moderately somewhat sharper. deep furrow from hinge for nearly two- On a large female valve, dimorphic pouch thirds distance to ventral margin, with a is elongate, occupying full ventral half of slight anteriorward curve in its lower part. valve, and overhanging ventral edge. Dorsal Anterior sulcus nearly obsolete, repre- margin of pouch is weakly defined, though sented by an abrupt flattening which de- discernible; it is distinctly indented below fines upper part of anterior margin of median lobe. median lobe, whence a shallow vestigial de- A male valve measures length 1.82 mm., pressed line extends toward hinge margin. height 1.12 mm. The large figured female A low submarginal ridge parallels free valve measures length 2.38 mm., height edges, and is defined on both its inner and 1.54 mm. There are about 6 surface puncta outer sides by shallow grooves. A narrow, in 0.1 mm. low ridge also crosses post-dorsal corner of Relationships.-The variety W. j. var. posterior lobe close to posterior cardinal microreticulis is very close to Welleriopsis angle. jerseyensis proper, and may prove to be Surface in finely preserved material is questionable in value. Tentatively at least devoid of fine detail. it is thought wise to call attention to its The holotype valve measures length 2.2 slight differences, since its valves from the mm., height 1.4 mm. basal part of the Manlius are persistently Relationships.-Female examples of W. though very minutely punctate, whereas no jerseyensis proper have not been discovered; such ornament is observable on the finely but in the closely related variety, W. j. var. preserved W. jerseyensis specimens from microreticulis, the dimorphic pouch has the the upper part of the Decker limestone. The exceptionally elongate, subcylindrical form slightly shorter and more curved median observed in Welleriopsis diplocystulis, and sulcus may also prove to have value, al- its dorsal margin is indented below the though all these small differentials need median lobe. The male valves of W. jersey- confirmation through future collecting. ensis approach those of W. diplocystulis in As compared to the minutely punctate form, but are less subquadrate, the posterior W. j. var. microreticulis, Welleriopsis diplo- end more extended beyond the hinge; fur- cystulis of higher parts of the Manlius is thermore, the median lobe is distinctly more distinctly punctate, and the median larger and not so strongly elevated, and the lobe is smaller in diameter and more ele- surface is smooth rather than finely punc- vated. tate. Occurrence.-Common 2 feet above base Occurrence.-Rare in upper 4 feet of of Manlius limestone, William Nearpass Decker limestone, in 2A13 of Weller's sec- quarries, New Jersey. tion, William Nearpass quarries, New Genus MESOMPHALUSUlrich & Bassler Jersey. The species has been reported from the Keyser limestone, one mile west of The genus Mesomphalus was proposed by Tomahawk, West Virginia, but this record Ulrich & Bassler (1913), using as the geno- will need to be rechecked, with discovery of type M. hartleyi Ulrich & Bassler of the female as well as male valves. Keyser limestone of Maryland. Especially characteristic of the genus is an elongate, WELLERIOPSIS JERSEYENSIS sausage-shaped dimorphic pouch, extending var. MICRORETICULIS along the middle half or more of the ventral Swartz & n. var. Whitmore, margin. As originally figured, M. hartleyi PI. 105, fig. 17-20 has a short submedian sulcus bordered at Male valves closely similar in outline and about midheight of the valve by one node form and convexity of lobes to those of on its anterior side, another on its posterior Welleriopsis jerseyensis proper; but surface side. The valve surface is reticulose-papil- is very minutely punctate-reticulate, and lose. OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1077

Among the ostracodes of the Decker, face, longitudinal crease, and longitudinally Manlius, and Coeymans at the Nearpass elongate, strongly convex, medio-ventral quarries and Austin's Glen are a number of dimorphic pouch are distinctive features of species with the mesomphalid type of di- Mesomphalus. morphic pouch. These ostracodes have a The ventral frill of some valves of Mesom- peculiar longitudinal furrow that creases phalus is not, so far as is now known, in- the ventral slope of the large, posterior lobe ternally compartmented in the manner and in some instances extends across the characteristic of Velibeyrichia and its closer anterior lobe as well. There is no more than allies. The frill may prove to be a structure a faint suggestion of a median lobe anterior of immature female valves, that in adult fe- to the median sulcus. Specimens with the males is expanded to form the dimorphic same ventral crease occur in collections of pouch. In some well-preserved valves lack- F. M. Swartz from the upper part of the ing the dimorphic pouch, a ventral frill is Keyser limestone in Virginia. definitely absent. Because of the peculiar crease and lack of An elongate, ventral dimorphic pouch, nodes of the type illustrated for Mesom- suggestive of that of Mesomphalus but less phalus hartleyi, the new species were for a elevated, is characteristic of the new genus, time thought to represent a new genus. Welleriopsis. Myomphalus also has an elon- However, Miss Jean Berdan, who was pro- gate, but still less well defined ventral vided with photographs of our species for pouch. use in her studies of Manlius ostracodes in Because the ventral frill may not be a the Yale collections, re-examined the type true character of male valves, and since it of Mesomphalus hartleyi and has advised us seemingly lacks the internal compartmen- that that species has a longitudinal crease tation of velibeyrichiid type, Mesomphalus and that the node before the sulcus is weak, is for the present referred to the Kloedeni- the node posterior to it scarcely perceptible nae and not to the Beyrichiidae. if not wholly wanting. The M. hartleyi Occurrence.-Late Silurian and earliest specimens were subsequently examined by Devonian of Maryland, Virginia, New York, F. C. Whitmore, Jr. New Jersey. Redescription.-On the basis of this information about M. hartleyi, and using also MESOMPHALUSRHOMBOIDALIS Swartz & n. the species described in the present report, Whitmore, sp. Mesomphalus can be redescribed as follows: PI. 105, fig. 1-4 Shell subovate to subrhomboidal, trun- Shell elongate subrhomboidal in outline, cated dorsally by long straight hinge. A well length nearly twice height in observed male defined, subvertical median sulcus extends valves. Hinge straight for about eight- about halfway from dorsal to ventral mar- ninths of greatest length. Anterior cardinal gins, and is weak in its upper part; in front angle obtuse; posterior angle about a right of this sulcus, a median lobe tends to be angle. Anterior margin rounded, fullest be- obscurely developed, set off by a faint an- low, extending beyond hinge; posterior mar- terior sulcus-like depression. In male valve, gin not extending appreciably beyond hinge, a narrow crease or depressed line extends recessive in its lower part. Ventral margin length-wise valve, crossing part of ventral gently convex, fuller in anterior half. Edges slope of posterior lobe; a faint extension of of valve lie in a plane. this furrow crosses anterior lobe in some Surface of valve moderately convex, ris- species. A low rim parallels free edges; in ing steeply in male valves from free edges some examples ventral part of rim is ex- to a narrow submarginal border, which in a panded and forms a narrow, ventral frill. In few specimens is expanded ventrally to female valve, there is a well defined, ventro- form a thin, narrow frill. Median sulcus nar- median dimorphic pouch elongated length- row but well marked; it lies about at mid- wise valve. length and extends nearly three-fifths of Genotype.-Mesomphalus hartleyi Ulrich distance from dorsal to ventral margin. An- & Bassler. terior to median sulcus is a low, obscure Relationships.-The weakly trilobate sur- median lobe that is moderate in width and 1078 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. does not reach dorsal margin. There is no Cardinal angles well defined, anterior angle more than a faint suggestion of an anterior more obtuse than the other. Anterior mar- sulcus. gin rounded, slightly fuller below than A narrow crease or furrow extends pos- above, extending beyond hinge about twice teriorward from beneath median sulcus, for as far as does posterior margin, which is about two-thirds distance across ventral slightly lower, rounded, somewhat recessive slope of posterior lobe; crease is slightly in its lower part. Ventral margin gently con- curved, roughly paralleling adjacent part of vex. In male valve, greatest height is post- ventral margin. median, about six-tenths of length. Edges In female vale, dimorphic pouch is four- lie in a plane. fifths as long as valve; its width in direction Surface of valve moderately convex, rising of height of valve is less than half its length; steeply in male valves from free edges to a its ends are bluntly rounded, its dorsal mar- narrow submarginal border defined on its gin slightly concave in outline; it is sharply inner side by a distinct furrow. In holotype defined dorsally and terminally; it lies along male valve, at least, it is reasonably clear and overhangs ventral margin, and extends that ventral part of border was not ex- almost as close to anterior as to posterior end panded as a frill. Median sulcus is narrow; of valve. it lies slightly posterior to midlength; it does Surfaces of lobes bear numerous small not reach dorsal margin; its ventral end is puncta; interspaces are about twice as situated about three-fifths of distance be- wide to four times as wide as diameters of low dorsal margin. Anterior to median sul- puncta and are minutely granulose. cus, there is an obscurely defined, weak A male valve measures length 1.27 mm., median lobe, not reaching dorsal margin; height 0.92 mm.; a female valve measures there is only a faint suggestion of an an- length 1.4 mm., height 0.77 mm. terior sulcus. Relationships.-New studies of Mesom- Beginning below median lobe, a narrow phalus hartleyi Ulrich & Bassler, 1913, are crease or furrow extends posteriorwards for needed to more fully establish its characters three-fourths or more of distance across pos- and to provide a basis for detailed compari- terior lobe, curving upwards posteriorly; an- sons with the M. rhomboidalis and M. stria- teriorly, a faint extension of crease curves tellus of this paper. upward toward anterior cardinal angle. In the specimens of Mesomphalus rhom- In female valve, dimorphic pouch is well boidalis from the uppermost Decker at the defined, sausage-shaped with ends bluntly Nearpass quarries, the surface pits usually rounded, its length more than twice its are numerous, so that the width of the inter- breadth; it extends along and overhangs spaces is commonly about twice as wide as ventral margin. the diameters of the pits. In some speci- Surfaces of lobes are minutely granulose mens, however, there are fewer pits, so that and bear a few scattered puncta. the interspaces are distinctly wider. The holotype male valve measures length Mesomphalus rhomboidalis is more elon- 1.27 mm., height 0.78 mm. gate than M. striatellus Swartz & Whitmore, Relationships.-No trace of the upcurved, n. sp., and lacks the extensions of the longi- anterior extension of the longitudinal crease tudinal furrow that are found in the latter or stria of M. striatellus has been observed species. in Mesomphalus rhomboidalis. M. striatellus Occurrence.-Moderately common 2 feet also is proportionately shorter and higher below top of Decker limestone, William than M. rhomboidalis. Nearpass quarries, New Jersey. The longitudinal crease or furrow of M. striatellis is reminscent of the grooves that MESOMPHALUSSTRIATELLUS Swartz parallel the free margins of the valves in & n. Whitmore, sp. species of Ectodemites, Eridoconcha, Schmid- P1. 105, 5-7 fig. tella, Conchoprimitia and Conchoprimites, Shell somewhat subovoid in outline, and that have been interpreted as edges or truncated by straight hinge which extends impressions of edges of early stage molts. for about three-fourths of greatest length. (Cf. Levinson, 1951; Henningsmoen, 1954b). OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1079

Whether or not the longer crease or furrow location of adductor scar of inner surface. of Mesomphalus striatellus and the shorter A low submarginal angulation borders free crease of M. rhomboidalis actually were de- edges. veloped in this fashion, the feature appears Female valve has a large, poorly defined to be sufficiently persistent in character dimorphic swelling that parallels and over- from specimen to specimen so that it can hangs anteroventral margin. be employed in specific determinations. Genotype.-Saccarchites saccularis Swartz Occurrence.-Mesomphalus striatellus is & Whitmore, n. sp. common 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius Relationships.-In form of shell, essen- limestone, Austin's Glen, New York. A tially non-sulcate surface and inconspicuous somewhat more subquadrate variety is rare submarginal angulation, male valves of at 8 to 15 feet above base of Coeymans Saccarchites saccularis are reminiscent of the limestone, William Nearpass quarries, New genus Aparchites. The proposed name has Jersey. been chosen to emphasize both this similarity and the differentiating of the MESOMPHALUSsp. presence "sac" or of which PI. 105, fig. 8 dimorphic pouch, no counterpart is now known in Aparchites. A specimen found in slabs collected near Relationship to Kloedenia rather than to the top of the Manlius limestone at the Near- Aparchites is suggested by the form and pass quarries, is suggestive of Mesomphalus location of the pouch, and by the very faint striatellus in sparseness of surface pits, but depressed lines of the genotype that cor- differs in lack of an observable, anterior- respond to kloedenid sulci. Saccarchites sac- ward extension of the longitudinal crease as cularis appears to be a kloedenid in which well as in greater prominence of the post- the supression of sulci observed in Kloedenia dorsal region of the valve. The specimen is aparchoides is carried farther toward com- slightly smaller than the holotype of M. pletion. striatellus, measuring length 1.0 mm., height Structures comparable in many ways to 0.6 mm., as compared to length 1.27 mm., those of Saccarchites saccularis are dis- height 0.78 mm. The specimen is illustrated played by Phlyctiscapha rockportensis Kes- as an aid to future investigations of the ling (1953) and P. apleta Kesling (1954), of Manlius mesomphalids. Middle Devonian formations of Michigan. Occurrence.-Rare 1? feet below top of These species likewise are straight hinged, Manlius limestone, William Nearpass quar- unequal ended, non-sulcate, with an in- ries, New Jersey. conspicuous angulation paralleling the free edges, and somewhat like Saccarchites sac- Genus SACCARCHITESSwartz cularis have in one dimorph a poorly de- & Whitmore, n. gen. fined but comparatively large swelling that Shell subovoid, truncated dorsally by parallels and overhangs one ventro-terminal straight hinge which is somewhat shorter margin. Unlike the dimorphic swelling in than greatest length of shell; cardinal angles Saccarchites saccularis, however, the swell- well defined; presumed anterior end higher ing in Phlyctiscapha rockportensis and in P. and more broadly rounded than posterior; in apleta occurs toward the narrowly rounded a fragment of one shell, the questionably or antiplenate end of the valve rather than identified left valve overlaps right along free toward the more broadly rounded or plenate margins. end, and is accordingly considered by Kes- Surface of valve convex, not umbonate; ling to be postventral in Phlyctiscapha on sulci are not appreciably developed, al- the same basis of comparative plenation of though faint depressions visible with favor- the ends of the shell that leads to the sup- able cross-lighting may give an obscure sug- position that the pouch is anteroventral in gestion of a dorso-submedian sulcus and in Saccarchites. More objectively, perhaps, it some specimens of an anterior sulcus, cor- can be said that if the more broadly rounded responding in position to the sulci of Kloe- or plenate ends of the shells of the two gen- denia. On some well preserved valves, an era represent equivalent ends of the original external sub-ovoid median spot reflects animals, whether anterior or posterior, then 1080 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

the dimorphic swellings occur toward op- line that appears to be a vestige of a dorso- posing ends of the shells; whereas if the di- submedian sulcus, and in some valves there morphic swellings of both genera occur at is an even more obscure depression about equivalent ends in terms of the original halfway farther toward anterior cardinal animals, then the comparative plenation of angle; in two observed internal molds of the ends of the shells is reversed and there male valves, both of weak external depres- should have been corresponding differences sions are represented by more distinct in relative development of the cephalic as though shallow grooves, evidencing some contrasted with the more posterior parts of thickening of floors of depressions, and in the animals. Whichever of these alternative dorso-submedian groove there is a small conditions may be correct, differentiation rounded pit located about one-fifth distance on at least the generic level appears to be above dorsal margin of impression of adduc- justified. tor scar, that represents an elevated point Occurrence.-Saccarchites saccularis and on inner surface of valve. some comparable forms that require further In female valve, a large and poorly de- study, occur in the Late Silurian Manlius fined dimorphic swelling borders and over- limestone of eastern New York and north- hangs anteroventral margin; anterodorsal western New Jersey. end of swelling is about one-sixth distance below anterior cardinal angle, ventropos- SACCARCHITESSACCULARIS Swartz terior end is nearly three-quarters distance & Whitmore, n. sp. from anterior end of valve. PI. 103, fig. 18,19 Surface of valve and of dimorphic swell- Shell dorsally truncate, subovate in out- ing, but not of adductor mark and border, line; dorsal margin straight for about four- bears minute pits, numbering about 5 in fifths of greatest length; cardinal angles 0.2 mm., the interspaces flat and three to distinct, subequally obtuse; anterior margin four times as wide as pits. somewhat higher and more broadly rounded The syntype male and female valves each than posterior margin, generally projecting measure approximately length 1.8 mm.. somewhat farther beyond limits of hinge; height 1.25 mm. greatest height about two-thirds of great- Relationships.-The form and position of est length, located about at midlength of the dimorphic pouch or swelling of Saccar- shell; ventral margin more convex anteriorly chites saccularis, and the faint dorso-sub- than posteriorly. Hinge surface not seen, but median and more anterior depressed lines valves are equal externally in vicinity of that appear to represent kloedenid sulci, hinge; in one fragment of a shell, free edge support the view that the species is a fairly of questionable left valve laps over free edge close relative of members of Kloedenia. of other valve. Associated with the specimens having the Surface of male valve broadly convex, not proportions of the illustrated syntype male umbonate, the greatest convexity about one- valve of Saccarchites saccularis, are other third of greatest length and located one- valves of lesser height in which a charac- third or slightly more of distance from pos- teristic example measures length 1.7 mm., terior end; a low angulation parallels free height 1.0 mm., so that ratio of length of edges and sets off a narrow flattened sub- height is about 1.7 to 1 as compared to 1.5 marginal border on anterior and posterior to 1 in S. saccularis. So far as now known, ends but not ventrally; some valves pre- the greater comparative length reflects nat- serve an ovoid submedian mark that evi- ural growth rather than post-depositional dently reflects adductor scar of inner sur- deformation, and among observed speci- face; midpoint of mark is slightly above and mens the group does not show continuous anterior to midpoint of valve; mark is variance with normal S. saccularis. In fur- dorsally acuminate, its point of acumination ther work it may prove desirable to treat slightly more posterior in location than is the elongate specimens as representatives of midpoint of mark; dorsal to point of acu- a distinct species. No pouch-bearing di- mination of mark is a very faint depressed morph of comparable outline has been ob- OSTRA CODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1081 served in the present study, and external vexity is about one-third the distance from marks and vestiges of kloedenid sulci are the antiplenate or "posterior" end in Sac- obscure or wanting. In some of the speci- charchitessaccularis. Adductor marks have mens, the terminal submarginalborders are not been discovered in the small specimens, comparatively wide. and no trace of kloedenid sulci has been ob- Another kind of variant is representedby served. an additional valve in the Austin's Glen col- It is possible that some of the small speci- lections, in which the size and shape are mens of the collections may representimma- comparableto those of the male syntype of ture instars of Saccarchitessaccularis. How- Saccarchitessaccularis but the surface punc- ever, three well-preservedvalves from the ta are stronger and more numerous, and Nearpass quarries, measuring about 1.3 there is little evidence of an external adduc- mm. in length and 1 mm. in height, bear di- tor markor of the vestiges of kloedenidsulci. morphic pouches and thus must be con- Occurrence.-Saccarchites saccularis is sidered to be adult specimens. In these representedby five specimensof characteris- valves, the pouch occurs along and over- tic aspect from the beds 2 to 5 feet below the hangs the ventro-antiplenate or "post- top of the Manlius limestone at Austin's ventral" margin rather than along the ven- Glen, and by one specimen from 15 feet be- tro-adplenate or "antero-ventral" margin low the top of the Manlius at the William as in Saccarchitessaccularis; the valves thus Nearpass quarries. Seven additional speci- agree in location of the dimorphic pouches mens from Austin's Glen and three from 12 with PhlycitscaphaKesling, 1953, and as in to 2 feet below the top of the Manlius at the P. rockportensisKesling and P. apleta Kes- William Nearpass quarries, belong to the ling the pouches merge "postdorsally"with unnamedelongate form. Saccarchitidvalves the general convexity of the valve, but are in which the puncta are coarser than is better defined along the "anterior"margin normal for S. saccularis include the one by an escarpment-like drop or semisulcus. specimen from Austin's Glen and several The small specimens from Austin's Glen from the basal foot of the Manlius limestone and the Nearpass quarries are hence listed at the Dalton Nearpass quarries. under the term, Phlyctiscapha?sp., pending future Genus preparation of photographs of the PHLYCTISCAPHAKesling valves. PHLYCTISCAPHA? pouch-bearing sp. Information about muscle scar location P1. 103, 20 fig. would be desirablein Phlyctiscapha?sp., as Relationships.-In addition to the normal a further check on relative orientation as examples of Saccarchitessaccularis and the compared to Saccarchitessaccularis. It is valves of the unnamed variant of compa- not impossible that the difference with re- rable length but lesser height, the collections spect to the original animals is one of direc- from both Austin's Glen and the Near- tion of plenation rather than of reversal of pass quarriesinclude other Saccarchites-like location of the dimorphicpouches and place specimens that are smaller and compara- of maximumconvexity. Such considerations tively short and high, the length and height will affect eventual interpretation of the in several representative examples measur- biologic relationshipsof the two forms. ing respectively 1.4 and 1.0 mm., 1.3 and Occurrence.-The non-pouched valve of 0.95 mm., and 1.1 and 0.8 mm. In some the Phlyctiscapha?sp. that is illustrated in PI. inequality of the ends is as markedas in the 103, fig. 20, was obtained in beds 7 to 9 feet valve illustrated in PI. 103, fig. 20, in others below the top of the Manlius limestone at the ends are more equal although the direc- the William Nearpass quarries,New Jersey. tion of swing shown in the illustrated valve Two well-preserved pouch-bearing speci- tends to be maintained. The maximum con- mens were obtained 2 feet below the top of vexity of these valves is about half the the Manlius at the same locality, and a height and generally is located about one- third was found at 15 feet below the top. third the distance from the plenate or "an- Nonpouched valves are fairly common at terior" end, whereas the maximum con- 2 feet, 3 feet and 15 feet below the top of 1082 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. the Manlius at the William Nearpass quar- terior lobe in cornucopia-like form as is ries, and also in the beds 2 to 5 feet below true in the genotype, B. fissurella (Ulrich & the top of the Manlius at Austin's Glen. Bassler). The marginal frill or flange is stronger than in previously described spe- Genus BOLBIPRIMITIA Kay cies of the genus, but so far as known does BOLBIPRIMITIA LIMBATA Swartz & not have the inner compartmentation that n. Whitmore, sp. characterizes the frills of Velibeyrichia and PI. 13-17 104, fig. its allies. Bolbiprimitia teresaccula, described Shell moderately elongate, subovoid in on following pages, has a smooth and not a outline, truncated dorsally by straight punctate dimorphic pouch. hinge that extends about eight-ninths of Occurrence.-Common 2 feet above base greatest length. Anterior cardinal angle ob- of Manlius limestone, William Nearpass tuse, posterior angle about a right angle or quarries, New Jersey. Also fairly common 3 slightly acute. Anterior margin broadly and feet and 7 to 9 feet below the top of the rather regularly rounded; posterior margin Manlius at the same locality. tends to be somewhat recessive in lower BOLBIPRIMITIA TERESACCULA part; ventral margin convex. Greatest Swartz & Whitmore, n. height including frill averages about two- sp. PI. 104, 18 thirds of greatest length. Hingement and fig. overlap not observed. Shell subovate in outline, truncated dor- Valve moderately convex; greatest con- sally by straight hinge that extends for vexity is just below midheight in posterior about nine-tenths of greatest length. An- lobe. Median sulcus is narrow, lies anterior terior cardinal angle obtuse, posterior angle to midlength, and extends between points a right angle or slightly acute. Anterior mar- respectively about one-quarter and one-half gin broadly and regularly rounded; pos- distance below dorsal margin of valve. An terior margin somewhat recessive below. obscure swelling anterior to median sulcus In the single known female valve on which is suggestive of a median lobe. A frill or species is founded, height is three-fourths of flange of moderate width extends along length. Hingement and overlap not ob- free margins; it is not radially striate, and served. inner compartmentation of velibeyrichiid Female valve rather strongly convex; type has not been observed. In female greatest convexity except for dimorphic valves, there is a longitudinally elongate, pouch is in posterior lobe about at mid- ventro-median dimorphic swelling that joins height of valve. A flattened border or shoul- with ventral part of posterior lobe in a der extends along terminal margins, and cornucopia-like fashion. presumably would be continuous ventrally Surface of valve where enclosed by frill is in male valves. Median sulcus is represented coarsely reticulate, the pits somewhat ir- by a rounded umbilicus-like depression regular in shape and without regular ar- slightly anterior to midpoint of valve. Fe- rangement. Surface of dimorphic pouch of male dimorphic pouch is strongly swollen, female valve is more finely pitted. extends along ventral margin for about five- A characteristic male valve measures sixths total length of valve, and merges length 0.9 mm., height 0.6 mm. A female posteriorly with ventral part of posterior valve measures length 1.1 mm., height 0.7 lobe. mm. One male valve that is illustrated on Surface of dimorphic pouch is smooth; an accompanying plate is unusually elon- otherwise lobate area enclosed by marginal gate, the ratio of height to length being 0.55 border is coarsely reticulate, the pits some- to 1 as compared to ratios of 0.65 and more what irregular in shape and without regular to 1 in more typical specimens. The differ- arrangement. ence in ratio may have resulted from distor- The holotype female valve measures tion during compaction of the sediment, length 1.0 mm., height 0.75 mm. rather than from differing growth. Relationships.-The surface puncta of Relationships.-The dimorphic pouch of Bolbiprimitia teresaccula resemble those of Bolbiprimitia limbata joins with the pos- B. limbata in size, irregular shape, and lack OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1083 of well-defined arrangement. The female EUKLOEDENELLAMANLIENSIS Swartz dimorphic pouch, however, is smooth-sur- & Whitmore, n. sp. faced and not punctate, is more elongate and PI. 109, fig. 4-6 more swollen; the median sulcus is an um- Male shell subrhomboidal in side view; bilicus-like depression instead of a vertically dorsal and ventral margins about parallel; elongated cleft; the valve is somewhat more anterior margin rounded, fullest below; swollen in the region of slope to the hinge; posterior margin less convex, recessive be- and the shell is proportionately less elon- low. Anterior cardinal bend rounded, pos- gate. terior cardinal angle obtuse. Ventral margin Occiurrence.-The holotype female valve gently sinuate. In dorsal view male shell is and only known specimen comes from 2 to subovate, relatively thick for genus, the 5 feet below the top of the Manlius lime- ends not strongly unequal in thickness. stone at Austin's Glen, New York. Hinge tooth of left valve about obsolete, represented only by a gently arched projec- Family KLOEDENELLIDAE tion set off on its posterior side by a small in- Ulrich & Bassler dentation that accommodates a slight projec- Genus EUKLOEDENELLA tion of margin of right valve. Ulrich & Bassler Surface of valve rises steeply from mar- EUKLOEDENELLACICATRIX Swartz gins to gently convex summit of valve. & Whitmore, n. sp. Median sulcus shallow, weak, extending PI. 109, fig. 1-3 about one-third distance from dorsal margin, located just in front of midlength of Male shell subrectangular in outline. valve. Anterior sulcus almost obsolete; Hinge margin slightly sinuate in right valve located one-third distance from anterior due to low, post-median dorsal crest; an- margin. terior cardinal angle rounded; posterior Surface of valve probably smooth or very cardinal angle more distinct but obtuse. nearly so, the preservation somewhat im- Anterior margin regularly convex in out- perfect in studied specimens. line, rounding gradually into gently curved Female valve distinctly longer than male ventral margin; posterior margin gently con- specimens, swollen posteriorly into a bul- vex in outline, bending rapidly to ventral bous but poorly defined dimorphic pouch. margin. The syntype male shell measures length Surface of valve moderately convex. 1.1 mm., height 0.8 mm. The female valve Median sulcus is moderate in size and depth, measures length 1.3 mm., height 0.7 mm. extends to about one-third distance below Relationships.-Eukloedenella manliensis dorsal margin, and is located about two- is distinguished by the location and weak- fifths of distance from anterior margin. ness of the sulci, and the thickness of the Median lobe is small, obscure. Anterior sul- male shell. cus is obsolete. A virtually distinct, narrow, Occurrence.-Common 1? feet, rare 3 feet, low ridge or carina extends lengthwise the rare 7 to 9 feet below top of Manlius lime- valve about at midheight, bending slightly stone, William Nearpass quarries, New downward in its anterior part; the carina Jersey. dies out on both anterior and posterior quarters of valve. Surface has some small Genus KLOEDENELLAUlrich scattered pits. & Bassler In female valve, posterior quarter of KLOEDENELLABIPUSTULATA Swartz valve is swollen, forming an undefined di- & Whitmore, n. sp. morphic pouch. PI. 109, fig. 7-15 Relationships.-The peculiar longitudinal Male shell subrectangular in side view. carina of E. cicatrix provides a distinctive Anterior margin rounded; posterior margin specific feature. comparatively truncate; ventral margin Occurrence.-Rare 3 feet below top of gently convex to slightly sinuate. Posterior Decker limestone, William Nearpass quar- cardinal angle obtuse; anterior cardinal ries, New Jersey. bend rounded, in some specimens having a 1084 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

gentle hump at hinge tooth of left valve. fies posterior end of valve so that nodes of Height of male valve commonly is about male valve are wanting. two-thirds of length. In dorsal view, male A characteristic male valve measures shell is almost arrow-shaped, thickest about length 0.7 mm., height 0.45 mm. A large one-sixth distance from posterior end. An- female valve measures length 1.0 mm., terior hinge-tooth of left valve is moderately height 0.6 mm. strong, forming a broad-based, low triangle. Relationships.-The two nodes at the Left valve overlaps slightly on right along summit of the posterior slope of the male free margins. valve make Kloedenella bipustulata an ex- Surface of male valve moderately convex, ceptionally well characterized species, that rising steeply with a concave curvature from should be very useful in future zonation of posterior margin to a crest that characteris- the Manlius limestone. tically is surmounted by two distinct nodes, Associated with the characteristic ex- one near dorsal margin and one near ven- amples in which the two distinctive nodes tral. Median sulcus is strongly impressed, are well developed, are other specimens in moderate in width, is located just in front of which the more dorsal node, especially, is midlength of valve, and extends about two- variable in strength. In some of the larger fifths distance from dorsal to ventral mar- male valves the more ventral node tends to gins. Anterior sulcus is narrower, slightly become a carination, extended dorsally longer, and is located less than one-third along the summit of the posterior slope of distance from anterior margin. the valve. It may be that the differences in Node of dorsal part of posterior crest of these male valves are in part ontogenetic. valve is somewhat variable, and is weakly Occurrence.-Common to abundant 2 to developed in some of specimens retained in 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone, K. bipustulata. Post-ventral node is more Austin's Glen, New York. Common 1? feet, stable in development. rare to common 2 feet, common 3 feet, com- Female valves are larger and longer than mon 7 to 9 feet, rare 15 feet below top of males, and have a strongly swollen though Manlius, William Nearpass quarries, New poorly defined dimorphic pouch, that modi- Jersey. A variant with the posterior nodes

EXPLANATIONOF PLATE109 All views about X30 FIG. 1-3-Eukloedenella cicatrix Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Views of syntypes. 1, Male right valve, showinglongitudinal ridge. 2,3, Lateraland dorsal views of female left valve, the longitudinal ridge less strongly developed; in 3 the dorsal crest is well shown. William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 3 feet below top of Decker limestone. (p. 1083) 4-6-Eukloedenella manliensis Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Views of syntypes. 4,5, Right and dorsal views of male (?) shell. 6, An elongate, presumablyfemale right valve. William Near- pass quarries, New Jersey, 12 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1083) 7-15-Kloedenella bipustulataSwartz & Whitmore, n. sp. 7-11, The syntypes. 7,8, Male left and right valves, showing the two nodes at the crest of the posteriorslope. 9-11, Right, dorsal, and left views of a small male shell. 12, An elongate male right valve. 13,14, Side and dorsal views of a male left valve, a variant in which the post-dorsal node is about obsolete. 15, A female right valve. Austin's Glen, New York, 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1083) 16-21-Kloedenella parvisulcataSwartz & Whitmore, n. sp. 16, The holotype, a male left valve, showing the small post-ventral furrow, and the close resemblanceto K. bipustulatain form and lobation. 17,18, Side and dorsal views of a small male right valve. 19, A male left valve questionably referredto the species. 20,21, Side and dorsal views of a female right valve. William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 3 feet below top of Decker limestone. (p. 1085) 22-25-Dizygopleura angustisulcataSwartz & Whitmore, n. sp. 22,23, Right and dorsal views of the holotype male shell. 24, Interior of a male right valve, showing the longitudinal hinge- groove posteriorto notch for the hinge-tooth. 25, Female left valve. William Nearpass quarries, 3 feet below top of Decker limestone. (p. 1086) 26,27-Dizygopleura cf. D. clarkei (Jones). Side and ventral views of male left valve. William Nearpass quarries,3 feet below top of Decker limestone. (p. 1086) JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, VOL. 30 PLATE 109 Swartz & Whitmore

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I..' .4 , .' , ,, OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1085 scarcely developed, is common 2 feet above Median sulcus well impressed, moderate in base of the Manlius at the William Nearpass width, extending more than two-fifths of quarries, New Jersey. distance from dorsal to ventral margin, located slightly more than one-fourth dis- KLOEDENELLAPARVISULCATA Swartz tance from anterior margin. A short pos- & Whitmore, n. sp. terior sulcus creases post-ventral part of the P1. 16-21 109, fig. valve, setting off a low posterior lobe at Male shell subrhombic in outline; an- summit of steep posterior slope. terior margin strongly curved; posterior Female valve is distinctly longer than margin less convex and somewhat recessive male valve, and has a strongly swollen pos- below. Ventral margin varying from gently terior dimorphic pouch defined antero- convex to slightly sinuate. Height of male ventrally by posterior sulcus. valve is about two-thirds of length. Hinge- The holotype male left valve measures tooth of left valve is short, broad-based. length 0.9 mm., height 0.6 mm. A female Surface of male valve moderately con- valve measures length 1.1 mm., height 0.6 vex, greatest convexity behind midlength. mm.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 110 FIG. 1-6-Parabolbina cuneospinosa Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. 1,2, Views, X50, of the syntype male left valves, showing the small ventral spines, and the granulose surface. 3, A male right valve, X47. 4-6, Three female left valves; 4, X45, 5 and 6, X50, showing the dimorphic frill with broad radial undulationsand fine radial striae. 1-5, from Austin's Glen, New York, 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone; 6 from William Nearpass quarries,New Jersey, 15 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1058) 7-9-Limbinaria biangulataSwartz & Whitmore, n. gen., n. sp. 7,8, The syntype right valves, X45. The ornament and presumedadductor pit are exceptionally well preservedin 7. 9, A left valve, X45. These specimens were photographed in Octonaria-likefashion with the convex marginin dorsallocation, so that as now oriented the lighting is from the lower right. 7,8, Dalton Nearpassfarm, New Jersey, Deckerlimestone slabs loose in pit near southeastern foot of Wallpack ridge. 9, William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 31 feet above base of Decker limestone. (p. 1057) 10-12-Thlipsuropsis diploglyptulis Swartz & Whitmore, n. gen., n. sp. 10,11, Presumed left and right views of the holotype shell, X45, showingthe markedlydifferent aspect of the opposing valves, and in 11 the overlap along all marginsof the left valve on the right valve. In 11 the hinge appears to be representedby the straight portion of the contact line, to the left of the dorso-medianpit. 12, A right valve, X45, showing better than in 11 the shortness of the more ventral of the posterior furrowsof this valve. Austin's Glen, New York, 2 to 5 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1087) 13-Thlipsuropsis sp. Left view of a poorly preservedshell, X48. This may represent T. diploglyptulis, but the ornament is too imperfect for confident identification. William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 7 to 9 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1087) 14,15-Thlipsuropsis longisulcataSwartz & Whitmore, n. gen., n. sp. The syntype right valves, X50 and X55, respectively, showing the long post-ventral furrow. In 14, the triangularde- pressionextending from the antero-dorsalfurrow is a break in the shell wall. Dalton Nearpass farm, New Jersey, Decker limestone slabs loose in pit near southeastern foot of Wallpack Ridge. (p. 1088) 16-Thlipsuropsis digitataSwartz & Whitmore,n. gen., n. sp. The holotype left valve, X34, showing the details of the furrows. Dalton Nearpass farm, New Jersey, upper part of Coeymans limestone. (p. 1088) 17-19-Parahealdia? convexorisSwartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Views of syntype left valves, X48, X50, and X60, respectively. The posterior spinose projections are best preserved in 19, although their positions are well shown by the broken bases in 18. The strongly convex dorsal margin is abnormal for Parahealdiaas its members have been illustrated. William Nearpass quarries,New Jersey, 7 to 9 feet below top of Manlius limestone. (p. 1089) 20-22-Bonneprimites? breviformisSwartz & Whitmore, n. sp. Views of the syntype male right and left valves, and dorsal view of the right valve, X36. The roundeddepression below the median sulcus evidently reflects the adductor scar. William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey, 1 to 2 feet above base of Decker limestone. (p. 1053) 1086 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

Relationships.-Kloedenella parvisulcata quite one-third distance from anterior mar- closely resembles K. bipustulata in general gin. Posterior sulcus is very narrow, shal- shape of shell, and in form, size, and location low, lies a little in front of and parallels of the median and posterior sulci, and of the crest at summit of posterior slope of valve, dimorphic swelling of the female valve. It and extends from about one-quarter below differs however in lack of the posterior dorsal margin to one-quarter above ventral nodes and in presence of a short post-ven- margin of shell. There is a narrow flattened tral sulcus. In view of these marked simi- border along anterior margin. larities and since K. parvisulcata occurs in In female valve, posterior end of valve is the older stratigraphic horizon, it is likely more convex, and posterior slope of valve is that the species is ancestral to K. bipustu- convex and not concave as in male valve. lata. This seeming relation to K. bipustulata Posterior sulcus tends to be reduced to a has prompted the writers to place K. par- narrow furrow restricted to ventral half of visulcata in Kloedenella rather than in Dizy- valve. gopleura, where it might be classed because The holotype male shell measures length of the short post-ventral sulcus. 0.87 mm., height 0.53 mm. A female valve Occurrence.-Common at 2 feet and 3 feet measures length 0.9 mm., height 0.62 mm. below top of Decker limestone, William Relationships.-Dizygopleura angustisul- Nearpass quarries, New Jersey. cata is named from the distinctively narrow posterior sulcus. The anterior sulcus is rela- DIZYGOPLEURAUlrich & Bassler Genus tively short for a species of Dizygopleura. ANGUSTISULCATA DIZYGOPLEURA The longitudinal furrow of the posterior n. Swartz & Whitmore, sp. half of the hinge surface of D. angustisulcata P1. 109, 22-25 fig. may occur in many species of Dizygopleura, Male shell subrhomboid in lateral view; but is not readily observable in specimens dorsal margin nearly straight; anterior mar- from the well-lithified limestones of the Ap- gin strongly convex, fuller below midheight; palachian mid-Paleozoics. Such grooves do posterior margin recessive ventrally; ven- not seem to have been previously recognized tral margin straight to slightly sinuate; in Silurian-Devonian Kloedenellidae. posterior cardinal angle obtuse; anterior Occurrence.-Common 2 feet and 3 feet cardinal bend rounded. In dorsal view, male below top of Decker limestone, William shell is arrow-shaped, with greatest thick- Nearpass quarries, New Jersey. ness about one-eighth distance from pos- DIZYGOPLEURAcf. D. CLARKEI(Jones) terior margin near summits of concave pos- P1. 109, fig. 26,27 terior slopes of valves. Hinge tooth of left valve is Beyrichiaclarkei JONES, 1890, Geol. Soc. London, strongly developed, triangular, vol. 2. of anterior and is Quart. Jour., 46, p. 17, text-fig. bears an extension sulcus, Dizygopleuraclarkei ULRICH& BASSLER,1923, bordered on its posterior side by a small Md. Geol. Survey, Silurian, p. 698, pi. 62, fig. tooth-like projection of margin of right 31,32.--, BASSLER& KELLETT, 1934, Geol. valve. Soc. Am., Special Paper no. 1, p. 289. Interior of a right valve shows a well- Male valve subrectangular to somewhat marked longitudinal groove on hinge surface subrhombic in lateral view. Hinge margin posterior to sulcus accommodating tooth of straight, at least in left valve; posterior left valve; groove evidently received bar- cardinal angle well defined, somewhat ob- like margin of edge of left valve. tuse; anterior cardinal bend rounded; an- Surface of male valve rather strongly con- terior margin strongly convex, slightly fuller vex, rising from posterior margin with a below than above middle; posterior margin steep, concave slope to an escarpment-like gently curved, somewhat recessive in lower crest. Median sulcus well impressed, moder- part; ventral margin straight to slightly ate in width, extending not quite half-way sinuate. from dorsal to ventral margin, located about Surface of male valve rather strongly con- at midlength of valve. Anterior sulcus nar- vex, rising steeply and with a concave slope rower, extending about two-thirds distance from posterior margin and somewhat less from dorsal to ventral margin, located not steeply from anterior margin; general sum- OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1087 mit region, as seen in ventral view, is rela- in T. diploglyptulis; in T. digitata the antero- tively flat from crest of anterior lobe to crest dorsal furrow of the left valve is hooked of posterior lobe. Median sulcus deeply im- antero-ventrally and lacks the post-dorsally pressed, fairly broad, extending more than located pit of T. diploglyptulis. half distance from dorsal to ventral margin, Some evidence for orientation of Thlip- located about at midlength of valve. An- suropsis and perhaps of Thlipsura is fur- terior sulcus deep, moderate in width, ex- nished by Thlipsuropsis diploglyptulis. In tending about four-fifths distance from dor- the illustrated holotype with its conjoined sal to ventral margin, located about three- valves, the smaller, right valve exhibits a tenths distance from anterior margin. Pos- shallowly depressed, submedian, rounded terior sulcus deep, moderate in width, external mark that with reasonable cer- closed both dorsally and ventrally, extend- tainty reflects the adductor scar; if the scar ing from about one-quarter below dorsal is antero-median in location, the unisulcate margin to one-quarter above ventral margin. end of the valve is the anterior end, and in The illustrated male left valve measures the larger, left valve the thlipsurid depres- length 0.76 mm., height 0.53 mm. sion occurs at the posterior end. This orien- Relationships.-The type valve of Dizy- tation further is favored by position of a gopleura clarkei, refigured by Ulrich & straight portion of the dorsal contact line Bassler (1923), may be a female valve. Both of the valves, that occurs above the bisul- the holotype specimen and topotype ma- cate end of the smaller valve and appears terial need to be restudied to more fully es- to represent the actual location of the hinge. tablish the characters of male and female Occurrence.-The three species here re- valves. ferred to Thlipsuropsis occur in the Late Occurrence.-The male left valve figured Silurian Decker and Manlius limestones, on an accompanying plate was obtained 2 and Early Devonian Coeymans limestone to 3 feet below the top of the Decker lime- of northwestern New Jersey and eastern stone, at the William Nearpass quarries, New York. New Jersey. Jones' holotype specimen came THLIPSUROPSIS DIPLOGLYPTULIS from the lower part of the Manlius lime- Swartz & Whitmore, n. stone, near Schoharie, New York. sp. P1. 110, fig. 10-12,13? Family THLIPSURIDAE Ulrich Shell subreniform in outline; dorsal mar- Genus THLIPSUROPSIS Swartz & gin convex; ventral margin nearly straight n. Whitmore, gen. for about two-thirds length of shell; anterior Markedly inequivalved Thlipsuridae, in margin somewhat more narrowly curved which the larger, left valve has a thlipsurid, than posterior. Greatest height submedian, posterior depressed area confluent with an- about five-sevenths of greatest length. teriorly projecting furrows, whereas in the Left valve overlaps and projects well be- smaller, right valve the thlipsurid depressed yond right valve along all margins, so that area is wanting. A narrow furrow roughly actual contact line is visible only in right- parallels the antero-dorsal margin. valve view of shell. Posterior half of dorsal Genotype.-Thlipsuropsis diploglyptulis part of contact is straight and adjacent Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. margins of valves are beveled, suggesting Relationships.-The opposing valves of that straight section may represent location Thlipsuropsis diploglyptulis differ so greatly of actual hinge. in aspect that they were attributed to dif- Surfaces of valves moderately convex; ferent genera until conjoined valves were greatest convexity is about one-third from discovered. The left valve has the appear- posterior end. In left valve, a Thlipsura- ance of Thlipsura whereas the right valve is like, relatively depressed but nevertheless suggestive of Thlipsurella. convex area borders posterior margin. Five The three new species here included in shallow furrows extend anteriorward from Thlipsuropsis are very close relatives and depressed area; most dorsal furrow is nar- form a very compact group. In T. longisul- row, curves forward closely adjacent to dor- cata, the post-ventral sulcus is longer than sal margin, and extends beyond midlength of 1088 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. shell; second furrow is similarly curved, THLIPSUROPSIS LONGISULCATA narrow, shorter; third furrow is broader, Swartz & Whitmore, n. sp. sickle-shaped, narrows anteriorly and di- Pl. 110, fig. 14,15 verges from more dorsal furrows; fourth Left valve and hence full outline of shell furrow broad and better defined posteriorly, not known. Right valve reniform in outline; with a shallower anterior that ex- portion dorsal margin moderately and rather regu- of the most tends beyond midlength valve, larly convex; posterior margin blunt; an- anterior curved with a downward portion terior margin more rounded but fuller below Fifth furrow is convexity. narrow, short, than above; ventral margin gently sinuate. A sixth not close to ventral margin. furrow, Surface of right valve moderately convex, connected with posterior depressed area, rising rather steeply, especially at posterior antero-dorsal and is en- parallels margin, end, from a narrow, flattened marginal as a In the four larged pit post-dorsally. flange. Surface of right valve trisulcate: two ridges separating the five, more posterior posterior furrows are sublongitudinal in dorsalmost is furrows, ridge narrow, low; direction, more or less closed posteriorly; second is and ele- ridge slightly enlarged post-dorsal furrow roughly parallels post- third rather vated terminally; ridge low, dorsal margin of valve; its anterior end does narrow; fourth ridge has a short, abruptly not quite reach midlength of valve; post- narrowed and hooked terminus. A narrow, ventral furrow is about parallel to post- low rim anterior of closely parallels margin dorsal furrow, somewhat divergent from valve. ventral margin of valve; its slightly down- In area is right valve, posterior depressed curved end extends slightly anterior to there are two furrows, wanting; posterior midlength. Anterior furrow is narrower but the dorsal one to subparallel post-dorsal about equal in length to posterior furrows, margin, extending about two-fifths length of and parallels anterior margin; its dorsal end the lower furrow about one-third valve, is closed, and does not reach a pit-like de- of from length valve, markedly divergent pression impressed in dorsal slope of valve ventral margin. A third furrow parallels slightly anterior to midlength. and is not confluent antero-dorsal margin, The larger syntype right valve measures a dorso-median Below in with pit. pit right length 0.6 mm., height 0.4 mm. of above and valve holotype shell, slightly Relationships.-The right valves of Thlip- anterior to of is a midpoint valve, round, suropsis longisulcatus closely resemble those shallow that re- very depression evidently of T. diploglyptulis, but the post-ventral adductor scar. flects furrow is decidedly longer, and the anterior The shell measures 0.7 holotype length furrow tends to be less oblique to the ventral 0.5 mm. mm., height margin of the valve. Relationships.-The right valve of Thlip- Occurrence.-Rare in loose slabs of Decker that suropsis diploglyptulis closely resembles limestone found in pit on Dalton Nearpass fur- of T. longisulcata, but the post-ventral farm at the southeastern foot of Wallpack row is shorter. The left valve dif- distinctly Ridge, New Jersey, in association with fers from the holotype valve of T. digitata Stenocisma deckerensis and Limbinaria bi- in the of the antero-dorsal fur- enlarged pit angulata. row, the terminal elevation and enlargement of the separating the second and third ridge THLIPSUROPSIS DIGITATASwartz posterior furrows, and the shortness and & n. hooked character of the terminus of the Whitmore, sp. P1. 110, fig. 16 ridge separating the fourth and fifth furrows. Shell as known from a single, well pre- Occurrence.-Rare 2 to 5 feet below top served left valve, ovoid subreniform in side of Manlius limestone, Austin's Glen, New view; dorsal margin strongly convex, fuller York. A poorly preserved valve that may posteriorly than anteriorly; posterior mar- belong to the species was found in beds 7 to gin higher and more broadly rounded than 9 feet below top of the Manlius limestone at anterior; ventral margin nearly straight for the William Nearpass quarries, New Jersey. about half length of valve. Greatest height OSTRACODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1089

slightly post-median, about five-eighths of of T. digitata will be needed to show which length. Hingement and overlap not ob- of the differences in ornament are most per- served. sistent. As compared to T. diploglyptulis, Surface of left valve rather strongly con- the holotype left valve of T. digitata is more vex, its greatest convexity about one-third ovoid in shape; the anterior sulcus is more distance from posterior margin. A com- elongate and ventrally hooked, and lacks paratively depressed but nevertheless con- the definitely widened and rounded pit near vex area borders posterior margin, and the dorsal end; in the ridges separating the from it five furrows extend anteriorward posterior furrows, the second ridge is a across posterior half of valve. Two simple, ventrally curving, low extension, whereas narrow furrows on dorsal slope curve paral- that of T. diploglyptulis is more elevated lel to dorsal margin; upper furrow extends and has a slightly enlarged terminus; the slightly beyond midlength of valve, second third ridge is broad; the fourth ridge has furrow is shorter; third furrow is broader, an elongate narrow terminus, as compared more rapidly curved, sickle-shaped, termi- to the shorter, hooked terminus found in T. nates at midlength of valve; fourth furrow diploglyptulis. well defined, diverges anteriorly from ven- Occurrence.-One specimen in upper part tral margin of valve, extends beyond mid- of Lower Devonian Coeymans limestone, length where it is peculiarly curved, prob- quarries on Dalton Nearpass farm, New ably margining ventral side of area of adduc- Jersey. tor attachment; fifth furrow narrow, simple, short, lying close to ventral margin. In ante- Family HEALDIIDAE Harlton PARAHEALDIA rior half of valve a sixth furrow roughly Genus Coryell & Cuskley parallels antero-dorsal margin, is hooked at PARAHEALDIA? CONVEXORIS Swartz its more ventral end, slightly widened near & Whitmore, n. sp. P1. 17-19 its more posterior end. A narrow flange is set 110, fig. off along part of anterior margin. Of four Shell minute; outline subreniform; dorsal ridges separating posterior furrows, most margin rather strongly convex, ventral mar- dorsal ridge is narrow, simple; second ridge gin about straight for more than half of narrows rapidly from broad, distal portion, length of shell; ends rounded, subequal. its curving posterior end having a low exten- Height is about two-thirds of length. Hinge- sion that continues across part of floor of de- ment and overlap not observed. pressed area; third ridge is broadened Surface of valve moderately convex. A medially, narrowed terminally; fourth ridge median sulcus, broadest above, and located has a sharply narrowed, elongate terminus. slightly anterior to midlength, extends be- Floors of the two larger, medio-posterior tween points about one-fifth and one-half furrows are very minutely punctate-reticu- distance below dorsal margin. Two small, late, and there is a suggestion of still more posteriorwardly directed spinelets occur at minute punctation on more elevated parts summit of slope rising from posterior mar- of valve surface. gin; one of spinelets is near dorsal and one The holotype left valve measures length near ventral margin of valve. 0.8 mm., height 0.5 mm. The largest of three syntype valves meas- Relationships.-The sculpturing of the ures length 0.6 mm., height 0.4 mm. left valve of Thlipsuropsis digitata is very Relationships.-Parahealdia? convexoris similar to that of T. diploglyptulis and war- differs from the genotype, P. pecorella, rants the supposition that the species will Coryell & Cuskley, 1934, in the convexity of similarly have the contrastingly ornamented the dorsal margin, and in this respect recalls valves that characterize the genus. P.? centralis Swartz, 1936. In the latter Superimposed on the similarities of the species, there is a submedian, rounded pit left valves of T. digitata and T. diploglyp- rather than a vertically elongated sulcus as tulis are a series of small differences that in P.? convexoris. appear to warrant specific separation, es- Although Parahealdia? convexoris is here pecially in view of the difference in strati- listed under the family Healdiidae, the graphic occurrence. Additional specimens median sulcus, subterminal spines and sub- 1090 FRANK M. SWARTZ AND FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. reniform outline give it an aspect suggestive southeastern Pennsylvania, Geol. Soc. Am. of some members of the Thlipsuridae. Bull., vol. 52, p. 1134), there are assem- Occurrence.-Rare 7 to 9 feet below top of blages in which there is an abundance of Manlius limestone, William Nearpass quar- specimens with essentially straight post- ries, New Jersey. lateral ribs which are not appreciably divergent from the cardinal margin, and in APPENDIX which there are few if any valves with di- BRACHIOPODA vergent post-lateral ribs. It accordingly Genus CHONETES Fischer seems desirable to call attention to the CHONETES JERSEYENSIS var. NON- structural differences by use of the term, DIVERGENSSwartz, n. var. nondivergens, and to emphasize the possi- that the material with the non-diver- Choenetesjerseyensis WELLER (part), 1903, Geol. bility Survey New Jersey, Paleont., vol. 3, p. 230- gent postlateral costellae may be developed 231, pl. 20, fig. 16, not fig. 12,15; status of im- chiefly in the earlier occurrences of Chonetes mature specimens shown in fig. 11,13,14 is un- jerseyensis as a whole. certain. The specimen shown by Weller (1903) in Shell subrectangular in outline; length his pl. 20, fig. 16, is proposed as the holotype about two-thirds of width; cardinal angles of the variety, C. j. var. nondivergens; the not extended; anterior margin gently con- smaller specimens shown in fig. 11,13 and vex, bending more rapidly into the gently 14 are immature valves so that their rela- convex lateral margins. Pedicle valve de- tion to the variety is less clear. It is further pressed convex; cardinal area low, beak not proposed that the valves shown in fig. 12 prominent; each cardinal slope bears 6 or 7 and 15 of the same plate should be regarded small, obliquely directed spines. Brachial as the synlectotypes of Chonetesjerseyensis. valve about flat. Surface marked by fairly Occurrence.-William Nearpass quarries, coarse radial costellae, which increase by New Jersey, lower 2 feet of Decker lime- implantation and bifurcation and number stone. Quarry on road from Schuylkill 8 or 9 in 5 mm. near anterior margin. In Haven to Adamsdale, Pennsylvania. 12 to adult as well as immature specimens, lateral 16 feet below unconformity at top of Keyser costellae are about straight, and do not limestone. diverge appreciably from cardinal margins. Length of holotype ventral valve 13 mm., REFERENCES width 19 mm. BONNEMA,J. H., 1909, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Relationships.-In describing Chonetesjer- Ostrakoden der Kuckersschen Schicht (C2): in 1903, Weller called attention to Mitt. a. d. Mineral.-Geol.Institut d. R. Univ. seyensis zu Bd. H. 1. the anterior curvature of the lateral costel- Groningen, 2, -- , 1934, Uber die Aufstellung der Schalen der lae that is a very distinctive feature of many palaozoischenOstrakoden: Zeitschr. Geschiebe- characteristic large valves of the species, forschung,Bd. 10, H. 2, p. 80-88. but concluded that there is continuous CHADWICK,G. H., 1944, Geology of the Catskill Silurian variation into smaller and Kaaterskill quadrangles, part 2, associated, generally and Devonian geology: N. Y. State Mus. Bull. valves in which there is little if any such 336, 251 p., 78 fig., 1 map. curvature. The anterior curvature of the HARTNAGEL,C. A., 1903, Preliminary observa- lateral costellae, and an associated diver- tions on the Cobleskill ("Coralline")limestone of New York: N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 69, p. gence of the postlateral costellae from the 1109-1175. hinge, are striking and useful features of HENNINGSMOEN,GUNNAR, 1953, Classification of most specimens of Chonetes jerseyensis of Paleozoic straight-hinged ostracods: Norsk the lower half of the limestone of geologisk tidsskrift, Bd. 31, p. 185-288. Keyser from central and the -, 1954a, Lower Ordovician ostracods Pennsylvania, Maryland the Oslo region, Norway: Norsk geologisk Virginias. At some localities in eastern tidsskrift, Bd. 33, H. 1-2, p. 41-68. Pennsylvania, however, such as at a small -, 1954b, Silurian ostracods from the Oslo quarry on the road from Schuylkill Haven region, Norway: Norsk geologisk tidsskrift, F. in Bd. 34, H. 1, p. 15-71. to Adamsdale (see Swartz, M., 1941, HESSLAND,IVAR, 1949, Investigations of the Swartz, C. K., and Swartz, F. M., Early Lower Ordovician of the Siljan District, Devonian and Late Silurian formations of Sweden, 1, Lower Ordovicianostracodes of the OSTRA CODA IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN NEW YORK 1091

Siljan District, Sweden: Geol. Inst. of Univ. tracodes of the family Kloedenellidaefrom the Upsala, Bull., vol. 33, p. 97-408, 26 pl. Silurian of Pennsylvania: Jour. Paleont., vol. HORNIBROOK,N. DE B., 1949, A new family of 7, no. 3, p. 231-260, pl. 28-30. living Ostracoda with striking resemblances to -, 1936, Revision of the Primitiidae and some Paleozoic Beyrichiidae: Royal Soc. New Beyrichiidae, with new Ostracoda from the Zealand Trans., vol. 77, part 4, p. 469-471. Lower Devonian of Pennsylvania: Jour. KESLING,R. V., 1953, A new beyrichiid ostracod Paleont., vol. 10, no. 7, p. 541-586, pl. 78-89. from the Middle Devonian Rockport Quarry --, 1949, Muscle marks, hinge and overlap limestone of Michigan: Contrib. Mus. Paleont. features and classification of some Leperditii- Univ. Michigan, vol. 10, no. 10, p. 221-229. dae: Jour. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 3, p. 306-327, -, 1954, A new species of Phlyctiscapha from pl. 65-67. the Middle Devonian Ferron Point forma- SWARTZ,F. M., & ORIEL,S. S., 1948, Ostracoda tion of Michigan:Contrib. Mus. Paleont. Univ. from Middle Devonian Windom beds in west- Michigan, vol. 11, no. 9, p. 187-192. ern New York: Jour. Paleont., vol. 22, no. 5, LEVINSON,S. A., 1951, Thin sections of Paleozoic p. 541-566. Ostracodaand their bearing on taxonomy and TRIEBEL,ERICH, 1941, Zur morphologie und morphology: Jour. Paleont., vol. 25, no. 5, p. Okologie der fossilen Ostrakoden: Sencken- 553-560. bergiana, Bd. 23, no. 3-6, p. 294-400, 14 pl. OPIK, A. A., 1953, Lower Silurian fossils from the ULRICH,E. O., 1912, Faunal zones in Stose, "Illaenus Band," Heathcote, Victoria: Geol. G. W., & Swartz, C. K., Description of the Survey Victoria, Mem., no. 19, 42 p., 13 pl. Pawpaw and Hancock quadrangles:U. S. Geol. SCHUCHERT, CHARLES, 1903, On the Lower De- Survey, Atlas, folio 179, p. 8-9. vonic and Ontaric formations of Maryland: ULRICH,E. O., & BASSLER,R. S., 1913, Ostra- U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 24, p. 413-424. coda: Maryland Geol. Survey, Lower De- SHIMER,H. W., 1905, Upper Siluric and Lower vonian, p. 515-540. Devonic faunas of Trilobite Mountain, Orange --, & -, 1923, Ostracoda: Maryland Geol. County, New York: N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 80, Survey, Silurian,p. 500-704. p. 173-269. WARTHIN,A. S., 1948, Ostracode genotypes SWARTZ,C. K., & SWARTZ, F. M., 1941, Early designated by S. A. Miller: Jour. Paleont., vol. Devonian and Late Silurian formations of 22, p. 645-646. southeastern Pennsylvania: Geol. Soc. Am. WELLER,STUART, 1903, The Paleozoic faunas, Bull., vol. 52, p. 1129-1192. New Jersey Geol. Survey, Paleont., vol. 3, 462 SWARTZ,F. M., 1932, Revision of the ostracode p., 53 pl. family Thlipsuridae with descriptions of new species from the Lower Devonian of Pennsyl- MANUSCRIPTRECEIVED June 3, 1955. vania: Jour. Paleont., vol. 6, no. 1, p. 36-58, pl. Contribution 55-18 10-11. College of Mineral Industries --, 1933, Dimorphism and orientation in os- The Pennsylvania State University