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Robert Fogel Interview
RF Winter 07v43-sig3-INT 2/28/07 11:13 AM Page 44 INTERVIEW Robert Fogel In the early 1960s, few economic historians engaged RF: I understand that your initial academic interests in rigorous quantitative work. Robert Fogel and the were in the physical sciences. How did you become “Cliometric Revolution” he led changed that. Fogel interested in economics, especially economic history? began to use large and often unique datasets to test Fogel: I became interested in the physical sciences while some long-held conclusions — work that produced attending Stuyvesant High School, which was exceptional in some surprising and controversial results. For that area. I learned a lot of physics, a lot of chemistry. I had instance, it was long believed that the railroads had excellent courses in calculus. So that opened the world of fundamentally changed the American economy. science to me. I was most interested in physical chemistry and thought I would major in that in college, but my father said Fogel asked what the economy would have looked that it wasn’t very practical and persuaded me to go into like in their absence and argued that, while important, electrical engineering. I found a lot of those classes boring the effect of rail service had been greatly overstated. because they covered material I already had in high school, so it wasn’t very interesting and my attention started to drift elsewhere. In 1945 and 1946, there was a lot of talk about Fogel then turned to one of the biggest issues in all whether we were re-entering the Great Depression and the of American history — antebellum slavery. -
Gary Becker and the Art of Economics by Aloysius Siow, Professor of Economics, University of Toronto May 24, 2014
Gary Becker and the Art of Economics by Aloysius Siow, Professor of Economics, University of Toronto May 24, 2014. Gary Becker, an American economist, died on May 3, 2014, at the age of 83. His major contribution was the systematic application of economics to the analysis of social issues. He used economics to study discrimination, criminal behavior, human capital, marriage, fertility and other social issues. Becker won the Nobel Prize in economics in 1992. He also won the John Bates Clark medal, awarded to the best American economist under 40, in 1967; and the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor award by the US president to a civilian, in 2007. Becker's father, Louis William Becker, migrated from Montreal to the United States at age sixteen and moved several times before settling down in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Becker's mother was Anna Siskind. He was born in Pottsville in 1930. At age five, Gary and his family moved to Brooklyn. He graduated from James Madison High School and went to Princeton University for college. He did his PhD at the University of Chicago where he met Milton Friedman who would have an enormous influence on his intellectual development. After he obtained his PhD, Becker spent a few years as an assistant professor at the University of Chicago and then moved to Columbia University. In 1970, Becker returned to the University of Chicago where he remained as a professor until his death. While impressive, a list of what he wrote on does not explain why he is so intellectually influential. His mentor, Friedman, always said that "There is no such thing as a free lunch" and applied it widely in market environments. -
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Capabilities, Human Flourishing and the Health Gap Amartya Sen
Capabilities, Human Flourishing and the Health Gap Amartya Sen Lecture HDCA Conference Tokyo 2016 Amartya Sen’s insights have been important to my work in at least four ways: providing intellectual justification for my empirical findings that health can be an “outcome” of social and economic processes; providing insight into the debate on relative or absolute inequality; emphasising the central place of freedoms or agency in human well-being; and alerting me to the importance of the question of “inequality of what”. This last is shameful to admit for someone, me, who had been pursuing research on inequalities in health for two decades before I met Sen in person and in his writings. Could I really be obsessed with health inequalities without recognising that there was more than one way to think about inequality? In this Amartya Sen lecture, I will start by sketching briefly how these seminal ideas of Sen influence what I do. More accurately, I should say how Sen’s ideas influence how I think about what I do. For, as just stated, I had been doing it for some time before I encountered Sen’s fundamental contributions – I am a doctor and medical scientist, after all. In particular, my research on health inequalities has focussed on the social gradient in health, its generalisability, how to understand its causes and what to do about it. I have pursued this research since 1976 when I began work on the first Whitehall study(1), and to think about health inequalities more generally (2). Although I had not used the term, “social determinants of health” until later(3), my research on health inequalities fitted that description, along with the research on health of migrants.(4, 5) I will then illustrate the approach in more detail, drawing on my book, The Health Gap. -
Discounting the Future: a Political Technology
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Doganova, Liliana Article Discounting the future: A political technology economic sociology_the european electronic newsletter Provided in Cooperation with: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (MPIfG), Cologne Suggested Citation: Doganova, Liliana (2018) : Discounting the future: A political technology, economic sociology_the european electronic newsletter, ISSN 1871-3351, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (MPIfG), Cologne, Vol. 19, Iss. 2, pp. 4-9 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/175572 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu 4 tools derived from management and economics shape the future we see (Giraudeau 2011; Pollock and Wil- Discounting liams 2016) – and hence the future we will live in (the “present future” and the “future present” in Luhmann’s the future: [1976] terms). -
A Cliometric Counterfactual: What If There Had Been Neither Fogel Nor
A Cliometric Counterfactual: What if There Had Been Neither Fogel nor North? By Claude Diebolt (CNRS, University of Strasbourg) and Michael Haupert (University of Wisconsin-La Crosse Author contact information: [email protected] [email protected] Preliminary draft, please do not quote Abstract 1993 Nobel laureates Robert Fogel and Douglass North were pioneers in the “new” economic history, or cliometrics. Their impact on the economic history discipline is great, though not without its critics. In this essay, we use both the “old” narrative form of economic history, and the “new” cliometric form, to analyze the impact each had on the evolution of economic history. Introduction In December of 1960 the “Purdue Conference on the Application of Economic Theory and Quantitative Techniques to Problems of History” was held on the campus of Purdue University.1 It is recognized as the first meeting of what is now known as the Cliometric Society.2 While it was the first formal meeting of a group of like-minded applicants of economic theory and quantitative methods to the study of economic history, it was not the first time such a concept had been practiced or mentioned in the literature.3 Cliometrics was a long time in coming, but when it arrived, it eventually overran the approach to the discipline of economic history, leading to a bifurcation of the economists and historians who practice the art, and the blurring of the distinction between cliometricians and theorists who use historical data. Clio’s roots are historical in nature, and its focus on theory has actually come full circle over the last century and a half. -
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Economics Working Paper Series
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Economics Working Paper Series The Rise and Fall of Economic History at MIT Peter Temin Working Paper 13-11 June 5, 2013 Rev: December 9, 2013 Room E52-251 50 Memorial Drive Cambridge, MA 02142 This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network Paper Collection at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2274908 The Rise and Fall of Economic History at MIT Peter Temin MIT Abstract This paper recalls the unity of economics and history at MIT before the Second World War, and their divergence thereafter. Economic history at MIT reached its peak in the 1970s with three teachers of the subject to graduates and undergraduates alike. It declined until economic history vanished both from the faculty and the graduate program around 2010. The cost of this decline to current education and scholarship is suggested at the end of the narrative. Key words: economic history, MIT economics, Kindleberger, Domar, Costa, Acemoglu JEL codes: B250, N12 Author contact: [email protected] 1 The Rise and Fall of Economic History at MIT Peter Temin This paper tells the story of economic history at MIT during the twentieth century, even though roughly half the century precedes the formation of the MIT Economics Department. Economic history was central in the development of economics at the start of the century, but it lost its primary position rapidly after the Second World War, disappearing entirely a decade after the end of the twentieth century. I taught economic history to MIT graduate students in economics for 45 years during this long decline, and my account consequently contains an autobiographical bias. -
A Century of Ideas
COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL A CENTURY OF IDEAS EDITED BY BRIAN THOMAS COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex cup.columbia.edu Copyright © 2016 Columbia Business School All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Thomas, Brian, editor. | Columbia University. Graduate School of Business. Title: Columbia Business School : a century of ideas / edited by Brian Thomas. Description: New York City : Columbia University Press, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016014665| ISBN 9780231174022 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780231540841 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Columbia University. Graduate School of Business—History. Classification: LCC HF1134.C759 C65 2016 | DDC 658.0071/17471—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016014665 Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 contents Foreword vii 1 Finance and Economics 1 2 Value Investing 29 3 Management 55 4 Marketing 81 5 Decision, Risk, and Operations 107 6 Accounting 143 7 Entrepreneurship 175 vi CONTENTS 8 International Business 197 9 Social Enterprise 224 Current Full-Time Faculty at Columbia Business School 243 Index 247 foreword Ideas with Impact Glenn Hubbard, Dean and Russell L. Carson Professor of Finance and Economics Columbia Business School’s first Centennial offers a chance for reflection about past success, current challenges, and future opportunities. Our hundred years in business education have been in a time of enormous growth in interest in university-based business education. Sixty-one students enrolled in 1916. -
ISSUES in CONTEMPORARY ECONOMICS Volume 2: Macroeconomics and Econometrics ISSUES in CONTEMPORARY ECONOMICS Congress Editor: Amartya Sen
ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY ECONOMICS Volume 2: Macroeconomics and Econometrics ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY ECONOMICS Congress Editor: Amartya Sen Volume 1 MARKETS AND WELFARE Kenneth J. Arrow (editor) Volume 2 MACROECONOMICS AND ECONOMETRICS Marc Nerlove (editor) Volume 3 POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT Partha Dasgupta (editor) Volume 4 WOMEN'S WORK IN THE WORLD ECONOMY Nancy Folbre, Barbara Bergmann, Bina Agarwal and Maria Floro (editors) Volume 5 THE GREEK ECONOMY: ECONOMIC POLICY FOR THE 1990s Thanos S. Skouras (editor) lEA conference volume series Series Standing Order If you would like to receive future titles in this series as they are published, you can make use of our standing order facility. To place a standing order please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address and the name of the series. Please state with which title you wish to begin your standing order. (If you live outside the United Kingdom we may not have the rights for your area, in which case we will forward your order to the publisher concerned.) Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, R02l 2 XS, England. Issues in Contemporary Economics Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress of the International Economic Association, Athens, Greece Congress Editor: Amartya Sen Volume 2 MACROECONOMICS AND ECONOMETRICS Edited by Marc Nerlove in association with the M PALGRAVE MACMILLAN MACMILLAN © International Economic Association 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33-4 Alfred Place, London WClE 7DP. -
Aggregation Problem in Demand Analysis, 1930S-1950S
Aggregation Problem in Demand Analysis, 1930s-1950s Hugo Chu∗ Abstract This article examines the emergence of the representative agent as the outcome of trans- formations that occurred in microeconomics in the 1930s-1950s years, especially in the subfield of demand theory. To tell this story, I begin with a particular historical inter- pretation of this subfield, propounded by Wade Hands and Philip Mirowski in the 1990s, known as the Hotelling-Schultz Impasse. Although this impasse was abandoned by the end of the 1930s, the testing of the Symmetry Restrictions and the validity of the Integra- bility Conditions continued to draw the attention of different research centers. The Cowles Commission, represented by its research director, Tjalling Koopmans, played an impor- tant role during this stage and, more to the point, in the subsequent emergence of the representative agent in microeconomics through their approach to aggregation problem. The significance of Paul Samuelson's introduction of homothetic preferences into General Equilibrium Theory and its connection to Koopmans's writings during the 1950s is also emphasized. Keywords: Representative Agent, Aggregation Problem, Tjalling Koopmans Resumo O presente artigo examina a emerg^enciado agente representativo como resultado da trans- forma¸c~aoque ocorreu na economia nos anos de 1930 a 1950, especialmente no subcampo da teoria da demanda. Para contar essa hist´oria,eu come¸cocom uma interpreta¸c~aohist´orica particular proposta por Wade Hands e Philip Mirowski nos anos de 1990 conhecido como o Impasse de Hotelling-Schultz. Embora esse impasse tenha sido abandonado ao final da d´ecadade 1930, o teste da Restri¸c~aode Simetria e a validade das Condi¸c~oesde Integrabil- idade continuou a chamar aten¸c~aode diferentes centros de pesquisas. -
Heterogeneity and State Dependence
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Papers in Economics This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Studies in Labor Markets Volume Author/Editor: Sherwin Rosen, ed. Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-72628-2 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/rose81-1 Publication Date: 1981 Chapter Title: Heterogeneity and State Dependence Chapter Author: James J. Heckman Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c8909 Chapter pages in book: (p. 91 - 140) 3 Heterogeneity and State Dependence James J. Heckman In a variety of contexts, such as in the study of the incidence of accidents (Bates and Neyman 1951), labor force participation (Heckman and Willis 1977) and unemployment (Layton 1978), it is often noted that individuals who have experienced an event in the past are more likely to experience the event in the future than are individuals who have not experienced the event. The conditional probability that an individual will experience the event in the future is a function of past experience. There are two explanations for this empirical regularity. One explanation is that as a consequence of experiencing an event, preferences, prices, or constraints relevant to future choices (or out- comes) are altered. In this case past experience has a genuine behavioral effect in the sense that an otherwise identical individual who did not experience the event would behave differently in the future than an individual who experienced the event. -
Private Notes on Gary Becker
IZA DP No. 8200 Private Notes on Gary Becker James J. Heckman May 2014 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor Private Notes on Gary Becker James J. Heckman University of Chicago and IZA Discussion Paper No. 8200 May 2014 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA Discussion Paper No. 8200 May 2014 ABSTRACT Private Notes on Gary Becker* This paper celebrates the life and contributions of Gary Becker (1930-2014).