DOCSLIB.ORG

NANOSAT 1B COMUNICACIONES Orbita NANOSAT 1B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NANOSAT 1B COMUNICACIONES Orbita NANOSAT 1B COMMUNICATIONS NANOSAT 1B COMUNICACIONES Orbita NANOSAT 1B Tipo: Polar heliosíncrona Keflavik Altura: 660 km. ANTARCTICA Inclinación: 98º INTA Madrid El Arenosillo ANTARTIDA Izaña Pune NANOSAT 1B NANOTECNOLOGIA Buenos Aires NANOTECHNOLOGY Usuhaia Marambio Belgrano una nueva filosofía de diseño Estaciones INTA INTA stations Estación Antártica Belgrano Belgrano Antarctic Station para sistemas espaciales Comunicaciones con la Antártida Communications with Antarctica Gracias a su órbita polar el NANOSAT 1B viene a sustituir a su ante- Thanks to his polar orbit, the NANOSAT 1B will replace his predecessor, cesor, el NANOSAT 01, para enlazar el INTA en Madrid con estaciones the NANOSAT 01, in order to link INTA-Madrid with scientific stations in científicas en lugares remotos como las situadas en la Antártida. remote places as the ones in the Antarctica. Los satélites geoestacionarios de comunicaciones no cubren esas (The geostationary communications satellites do not cover extreme latitudes extremas. latitudes.) A new philosophy for space systems design www.inta.es www.inta.es COMMUNICATIONS Carga útil de NANOSAT 1B NANOSAT 1B Payload NANOSAT 1B es un nanosatélite, pesa menos de 20 kg y mide COMUNICACIONES menos de medio metro de lado. Tiene forma hexagonal y va cu- LDT, Las Dos Torres bierto de paneles solares igual que su antecesor el NANOSAT Desarrollado totalmente por el INTA, es un detector de proto- 01 al que toma el relevo al acabar su vida útil. nes de alta energía que servirá para caracterizar el ambiente ANTARCTICA espacial en este rango de radiación. ANTARTIDA Incorpora como novedad en su carga útil: NANOSAT 1B it is a nanosatellite that weights about 20 kg and LDT, The Two Towers Totally developed by INTA, is a high energy protons detector which will measures less than half a meter side. It has an hexagonal shape help to characterize / typify the space environment. and it is covered by solar cells, like its predecessor NANOSAT 01 NANOSAT 1B to which will replaces at the end of his life NANOTECNOLOGIA The NANOSAT 1B new payload includes the following: NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSOSOL El Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespa- The National Institute of Aerospace Techno- Sensor solar de última generación que determina la posición del cial, INTA, lidera el Programa de Pequeños logy, INTA, leads the Small Satellites Program Sol para la orientación del satélite. Satélites, entre los que se cuenta la serie Including the NANOSAT series, to foster new Ha sido desarrollado por la Universidad de Sevilla y la Universi- NANOSAT, como motor de nuevas activi- R&D activities in the nanotechnology field dad Politécnica de Cataluña. El INTA ha realizado su calificación dades de I+D en el campo de las nano- and in the use of commercial of the shelf espacial. tecnologías y en el uso de componentes components (COTS) in space applications. SENSOSOL comerciales para el espacio. A last generation solar sensor for getting the satellite orientation with respects There is an increasing activity in the countries the Sun position. Existe una creciente actividad en los leading the space technology, related to the Has been developped by the Sevilla University and the Cataluña Politechnic paises punteros en tecnología espacial, en nanosatellites development, to test in orbit University. INTA has performed the space qualification. desarrollar nanosatélites, para la demostra- new components and emerging technologies. ción en órbita de nuevos componentes y tecnologías emergentes. Transmisor/Receptor en Banda S Future forecast Calificación en vuelo de un nuevo Tx/Rx más ligero y económico. In the frame of the NANOSAT Program, follow Lo incorporarán las futuras misiones NANOSAT y MICROSAT. Basa- Previsión de futuro on launching are scheduled for specific appli- do en las últimas tecnologías de dispositivos electrónicos FPGA, El Programa NANOSAT contempla el cations as the small platforms like NANOSAT 1B ha sido diseñado por AD Telecom y el desarrollo y calificación han desarrollo de sucesivos lanzamientos con are suitable to accomplish orbital test missions corrido a cargo del INTA. aplicaciones concretas, ya que las pequeñas for instrument, components and technologies, Preparación para las pruebas estructurales Getting ready for the structural tests Transmiter/Receptor S-Band plataformas como el NANOSAT 1B se prestan aimed to support larger programs or Atmos- Flight qualification of lighter and lower cost S Band Transceiver. It will be incor- para misiones de demostración en órbita de phere and Earth scientific missions. porated in the future NANOSAT and MICROSAT missions. Based in the newest instrumentos, componentes y tecnologías FPGA technologies, it has been designed by AD Telecom company and INTA has de apoyo a programas de más envergadura taken charge of his Integration and qualification. o misiones científicas de observación de la The name of NANOSATELLITE does not any atmósfera y de la Tierra. longer means merely a classification based in Sensores the low weight and power but a new design Antena UHF de media ganancia Incorpora dos nuevos sensores: El término NANOSATELITE ha dejado de philosophy for space systems. Esta nueva antena cuadrifilar desarrollada por el INTA, facilitará RAD-FET, sensor de dósis acumulada de radia- significar una mera clasificación atendiendo The nanosatellites represents now an opportu- las comunicaciones con estaciones móviles como por ejemplo el ción y otro de magneto-impedancia. Ambos al peso y la potencia para convertirse en nity to get into space with lower costs and more buque oceanográfico Hespérides. han sido desarrollados por el INTA. una nueva filosofía de diseño para sistemas reduced development times. Midium-Gain UHF Antenna Sensors espaciales. Los nanosatélites representan una This new quadrifilar antenna developed by INTA, will improve the commu- RAD-FET, for total accumulated radiation dose measu- oportunidad de acceso al espacio con costes nications with mobile stations like, for instance, the oceanographic vessel rement and a magnetometer based on magneto-impe- y tiempo de desarrollo más reducidos. Hesperides. dance materials. Both have been developed by INTA. NANOSAT 1B durante el proceso de integración NANOSAT 1B during the integration process NANOSAT 1B en la cámara térmica NANOSAT 1B in the thermal camera.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cuadernos De Estrategia 170. El Sector Espacial En España
    Cuadernos de Estrategia 170 Instituto Español El sector espacial en España. de Estudios Evolución y perspectivas Estratégicos MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA Cuadernos de Estrategia 170 Instituto Español El sector espacial en España. de Estudios Evolución y perspectivas Estratégicos MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA CATÁLOGO GENERAL DE PUBLICACIONES OFICIALES http://publicacionesoficiales.boe.es/ Edita: SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA http://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/ © Autor y editor, 2014 NIPO: 083-14-236-5 (edición papel) NIPO: 083-14-235-X (edición libro-e) ISBN: 978-84-9091-006-1 (edición papel) ISBN: 978-84-9091-005-4 (edición libro-e) Depósito Legal: M-30595-2014 Fecha de edición: diciembre 2014 Imprime: Imprenta del Ministerio de Defensa Las opiniones emitidas en esta publicación son exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores de la misma. Los derechos de explotación de esta obra están amparados por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual. Ninguna de las partes de la misma puede ser reproducida, almacenada ni transmitida en ninguna forma ni por medio alguno, electrónico, mecánico o de grabación, incluido fotocopias, o por cual- quier otra forma, sin permiso previo, expreso y por escrito de los titulares del © Copyright. En esta edición se ha utilizado papel 100% reciclado libre de cloro. ÍNDICE Página Introducción Vicente Gómez Domínguez Sinopsis ....................................................................................................................... 15 Resumen de los capítulos ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Comunicaciones Vía Satélite : Una Visión Global
    TFC – Integración de Redes Telemáticas Ricardo J. Fuentes Mejías Índice. 1. Historia de las Comunicaciones Vía satélite. 2. Fundamentos de los sistemas de comunicaciones vía satélite. 3. AittArquitectura de los satélites decomuniiicaciones. 4. Tecnología de los sistemas de comunicaciones vía satélite. 5. Redes Satélite. 6. Aplicaciones de los satélites. 7. Situación del mercado de las comunicaciones vía satélite. 8. El sistema español de comunicaciones vía satélite. 2 TFC – Integración de Redes Telemáticas Ricardo J. Fuentes Mejías Historia de las comunicaciones vía satélite. PRINCIPALES HITOS: • 1903: Fórmula de Tsiolkosvky. • 1926: Goddard idea el primer cohete de combustión líquida. • 1944: Von Braun diseña las V2. • 1957: Vuelo del sputnik. • 1960: Echo 1, primer satélite comunicaciones. • 1964: Syncom 3, primer satélite geoestacionario. • 1965: Intelsat 1, primer satélite comercial. • 1992: Hispasat 1ª, primer satélite de comunicaciones español. 3 TFC – Integración de Redes Telemáticas Ricardo J. Fuentes Mejías Fundamentos de los Sistemas de comunicaciones vía satélite. (1/2) VENTAJAS DE LAS COMUNICACIONES SATÉLITE: • Independencia de la geografía e infraestructura. • Flexibilidad en la configuración. • Rapidez de implementación. • Redundancia y seguridad. • Múltiples aplicaciones. • Apto para comunicaciones temporales. FACTORES QUE AFECTAN A LA PROPAGACIÓN: • Pérdidas en espacio libre. • Pérdidas por absorción. • Atenuación por lluvia. • Refracción. 4 TFC – Integración de Redes Telemáticas Ricardo J. Fuentes Mejías Fundamentos de los Sistemas de comunicaciones vía satélite. (2/2) ARQUITECTURA DE UN SISTEMA DE COMUNICACIONES VÍA SATÉLITE Segmento Espacial Æ Enlace con el satélite Æ Segmento Terreno Æ PARÁMETROS REGULADOS MÁS IMPORTANTES: • Canales y frecuencias. • Potencia y niveles de interferencia. • Estándares de transmisión (modulación, etc...). • Tipo de tráfico de comunicaciones. • LliióLocalización fíifísica de los transmisores.
    [Show full text]
  • Faszination Raumfahrt Erleben! Viele Von Uns Waren Noch Gar Nicht Auf Der Welt, Da War Der Mensch Schon Auf Dem Mond
    Der Verein zur Förderung der Raumfahrt VFR e.V. präsentiert: Das Raumfahrtjahr 2004 kompetent und spannend dokumentiert von Eugen Reichl u.a. Autoren 22.06.: SpaceShipOne erreicht den Weltraum 01.07. :Raumsonde Cassini durchquert die Saturnringe 10.05.: Erster Flug des PHOENIX 04.10. Brian Binnie holt mit dem 2. Wettbewerbsflug den X-Prize 04.01.: „Spirit“ erfolgreich auf dem Mars gelandet Mai: „Opportunity“ erforscht den Endurance Krater. 09.09. Bergung von Genesis scheitert 14.01.: US-Präsident Bush verkündet Amerikas neue Raumfahrt-Initiative FASZINATION RAUMFAH2004RspacexpressT ER raumfahrtchronikLEBEN1 JAHR FÜR JAHR: AKTUELLE RAUMFAHRTGESCHICHTE AUS ERSTER HAND! Die faszinierende Welt der Raumfahrt im einzigen deutschsprachigen Raumfahrtjahr- buch. Rückblick und Ausblick. Nehmen Sie teil am spannendsten Abenteuer unserer Zeit... Jedes Jahrbuch gibt es als kostenloses eBook und auch als hochwertige Printausgabe – im Vergleich zum Selber-Ausdrucken eine günstige, und vor allem attraktive Alternative. Downloads und Buchbestellung finden Sie auf JAHR FÜR JAHR: AKTUELLE RAUMFAHRTGESCHICHTE AUS ERSTER HAND! eBook Edition, Juli 2007 Copyright © by VFR e.V. Alle Rechte vorbehalten Initiator: Verein zur Förderung der Raumfahrt VFR e.V. (www.vfr.de) Lektorat: Heimo Gnilka und Hans Rauch Layout & Satz: Stefan Schiessl, Dachau (www.schiessldesign.de) ISBN: 3-00-015723-9 2004 spacexpress raumfahrtchronik 3 inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort ________________________________5 Mut zur Lücke bei der Cassini/Huygens-Mission (Eugen Reichl) _________________________114
    [Show full text]
  • Phd Dissertation Is No Easy Task, and I Am Grateful for Their Thoughtful and Detailed Comments
    Delft University of Technology Wireless Communication onboard Spacecraft Draadloze Communicatie aan boord van Ruimtevaartuigen Amini, Rouzbeh DOI 10.4233/uuid:ef88dac7-d007-44ae-a48a-f134d6a95cf2 Publication date 2016 Document Version Final published version Citation (APA) Amini, R. (2016). Wireless Communication onboard Spacecraft: Draadloze Communicatie aan boord van Ruimtevaartuigen. https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:ef88dac7-d007-44ae-a48a-f134d6a95cf2 Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. Takedown policy Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights. We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to a maximum of 10. Wireless Communication onboard Spacecraft Rouzbeh Amini Draadloze Communicatie aan boord van Ruimtevaartuigen PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Delft, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. ir. K.C.A.M. Luyben, voorzitter van het College voor Promoties, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 6 september 2016 om 15:00 uur door Rouzbeh AMINI Elektrotechnisch Ingenieur, Master of Science aan de Aalborg Universiteit, Denemarken geboren te Ahvaz, Iran This dissertation has been approved by the promotors: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Session: Spacewire Missions and Applications Short Paper D
    OVERVIEW OF THE INTAµSAT’S DATA ARCHITECTURE BASED ON SPACEWIRE Session: SpaceWire missions and applications Short Paper D. Guzmán1, M. Angulo2, L. Seoane2, S. Sánchez1, M. Prieto1, D. Meziat1 1. Space Research Group. Dpto. Automática. Universidad de Alcalá 2. INTA (Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial) E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper presents the INTAµSAT programme initiative and its data bus architecture, which will be based on SpaceWire for high data rate transfers. The first INTAµSAT-1 will be an Earth observation mission. This enlarged µSAT class is a further step after the NANOSAT programme success. Inside the INTAµSAT-1 spacecraft, two types of data buses are foreseen. The OBDH data bus will be based on the CAN standard, and it will be a low data rate bus mainly used for TM/TC. In the other hand, it is foreseen a Payload Processor Unit (PPU) with SpaceWire interface for high data rate information exchange, with the cameras and the Mass Memory Unit. 1 INTAµSAT PROGRAMME INITIATIVE After successful missions INTASAT (1974) and MINISAT-01 (1997), at the present time, INTA is focusing its efforts on small satellites, with NANOSAT & INTAµSAT programmes [1][2]. Most of the subsystems are developed at INTA with bilateral work with research institutions. At the same time, INTA tries to offer parts of HW or SW to the small business Spanish industries, to promote and encourage their entry to the space technology. The launch of the first Nanosat-01 mission was performed on December 10th, 2004 by an Ariane-5 ASAP from Kourou.
    [Show full text]
  • Capítulo Primero Evolución Del Sector Espacial En España. El Entorno
    Evolución del sector espacial en España. Capítulo el entorno industrial y científico primero Fernando Davara Rodríguez David Ramírez Morán Resumen España dispone en la actualidad de un amplio catálogo de medios en forma de infraestructuras, centros de investigación, tejido industrial y sistemas en funcionamiento que la sitúan entre los principales actores del sector espacial internacional. Con esta capacidad se ha conseguido responder a las necesidades de organizaciones públicas y privadas y de los ciudadanos, y, en particular, a aquellas relacionadas con la defensa y la seguridad. En este ámbito se cuenta con sistemas de comunicaciones seguras, de observación de la Tierra y de posicionamiento por satélite cuya provisión se ha conseguido mediante el uso de diferentes alternativas. Esta situación se ha alcanzado gracias a la evolución que ha experimentado el sector respaldado por la inversión, que ha provenido, en su gran mayoría, de las administraciones públicas, las cuales juegan un papel muy importante si bien, fruto del reparto de responsabilidades entre varios departamentos, no existe una guía que aglutine los esfuerzos y permita un mejor aprovechamiento de los limitados recursos disponibles. Este primer capítulo presenta un análisis de la evolución española en el sector con especial énfasis en los entornos industrial y científico mediante una revisión cronológica desde los orígenes hasta la actualidad a la vez que se presentan unas estimaciones de futuro. 21 Fernando Davara Rodríguez y David Ramírez Morán Palabras clave: Infraestructuras espaciales, centros de investigación, evolución del sec- tor industrial espacial, ProEspacio, ESA, INTA, CDTI. Abstract Currently, in Spain, there exists a wide catalog of resources such as infrastructures, research centers, industrial base and working space systems that place the country among the main actors of the international space sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Space Security 2004 V2
    Space Security 2004 Space “I know of no similar yearly baseline of what is happening in space. The Index is a valuable tool for informing much-needed global discussions of how best to achieve space security.” Professor John M. Logsdon Director, Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affair, George Washington University “Space Security 2004 is a salutary reminder of how dependent the world has become on space- based systems for both commercial and military use. The overcrowding of both orbits and frequencies needs international co-operation, but the book highlights some worrying security trends. We cannot leave control of space to any one nation, and international policy makers need to read this excellent survey to understand the dangers.” Air Marshal Lord Garden UK Liberal Democrat Defence Spokesman & Former UK Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff Space Security “Satellites are critical for national security. Space Security 2004 is a comprehensive analysis of the activities of space powers and how they are perceived to affect the security of these important assets and their environment. While all may not agree with these perceptions it is 2004 essential that space professionals and political leaders understand them. This is an important contribution towards that goal.” Brigadier General Simon P. Worden, United States Air Force (Ret.) Research Professor of Astronomy, Planetary Sciences and Optical Sciences, University of Arizona “In a single source, this publication provides a comprehensive view of the latest developments in space, and the trends that are influencing space security policies. As an annual exercise, the review is likely to play a key role in the emerging and increasingly important debate on space security.
    [Show full text]
  • 2004 Commercial Space Transportation Year in Review Draft
    2004 YEAR IN REVIEW INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The Commercial Space Transportation: 2004 Launch, LLC. The APStar 5 launch was con- Year in Review summarizes U.S. and interna- sidered a partial failure because the Zenit’s tional launch activities for calendar year 2004 upper stage shut down prematurely, placing and provides a historical look at the past five the satellite in a lower-than-intended orbit, years of commercial launch activities. but the spacecraft was able to reach its desti- nation in GEO using its onboard thrusters The Federal Aviation Administration’s without reducing its on-orbit lifetime. Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA/AST) licensed nine commercial orbital Overall, 15 commercial orbital launches launches and five suborbital launches in occurred worldwide in 2004, representing 28 2004. percent of the 54 total launches for the year. The 15 commercial launches represent a 12 Of the nine orbital licensed launches, six percent decrease from 2003. FAA/AST- were of U.S.-built vehicles. International licensed orbital launch activity accounted for Launch Services (ILS) launched three Atlas 60 percent of the worldwide commercial 2AS boosters, carrying the AMC 10, AMC launch market in 2004. Russia conducted five 11, and Superbird 6 communications satel- commercial launch campaigns, bringing its lites; these launches were the last commercial commercial launch market share to about 33 missions for the Atlas 2 family of vehicles, percent for the year. Arianespace conducted which ILS and Lockheed Martin retired in only a single commercial launch in 2004. 2004. ILS also launched the MBSAT 1 and AMC 16 communications satellites on an FAA/AST issued its first-ever suborbital Atlas 3A and an Atlas 5 521, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Small-Satellite Mission Failure Rates
    NASA/TM—2018– 220034 Small-Satellite Mission Failure Rates Stephen A. Jacklin NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA March 2019 This page is required and contains approved text that cannot be changed. NASA STI Program ... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. to the advancement of aeronautics and space Collected papers from scientific and science. The NASA scientific and technical technical conferences, symposia, seminars, information (STI) program plays a key part in or other meetings sponsored or helping NASA maintain this important role. co-sponsored by NASA. The NASA STI program operates under the SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, auspices of the Agency Chief Information Officer. technical, or historical information from It collects, organizes, provides for archiving, and NASA programs, projects, and missions, disseminates NASA’s STI. The NASA STI often concerned with subjects having program provides access to the NTRS Registered substantial public interest. and its public interface, the NASA Technical Reports Server, thus providing one of the largest TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. collections of aeronautical and space science STI English-language translations of foreign in the world. Results are published in both non- scientific and technical material pertinent to NASA channels and by NASA in the NASA STI NASA’s mission. Report Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services also include organizing and publishing research results, distributing TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of specialized research announcements and completed research or a major significant feeds, providing information desk and personal phase of research that present the results of search support, and enabling data exchange NASA Programs and include extensive data services.
    [Show full text]
  • Degree on Physics by Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid 2000
    Marina Díaz-Michelena Payloads & Instrumentation Area Space Sciences & Space Programs Dept. Spanish National Institute of Aerospace Technology - INTA 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz - Madrid - SPAIN Ph.: +34 91 520 11 83, Fax: +34 91 520 1065, E-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION: Marina Díaz-Michelena was born in Madrid in 1975. She received her M.S. degree from the Faculty of Physics at Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) in 1998. She received her Ph.D. degree in Applied Physics from the Polytechnical University of Madrid (UPM) in 2004. Her thesis research included a study and development of several magnetometric devices. Two of them have been included on-board the Spanish experimentation satellite NANOSAT-01. METNET RELATED EXPERIENCE Dr. Marina Díaz-Michelena joined INTA in 2001 as project controller responsible for INTA’s participation in the European Space Agency’s mission of cometary exploration ROSETTA. In 2007 she joined the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) as a part- time lecturer. She is currently the head of the Unit of Magnetic Payloads and Magnetic Testing at the Spanish National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA). The unit is responsible for INTA’s development of magnetic instrumentation for spacecraft missions and covers the whole chain from scientific experimental research, test, development and optimization of components as well as the actual equipment for the platform (mainly for the Attitude Control System - ACS). Dr. Díaz-Michelena brings an extensive knowledge of experimental and applied research as well as practical experience in the special area of space magnetometry and European space missions. She has participated in 12 space related projects as responsible for the magnetic payloads, project controller and principal investigator and she has authored and co-authored several scientific articles in leading magazines about magnetic components for space applications including the possibility for upgrading and using off the shelf components for space missions.
    [Show full text]
  • Quarterly Launch Report
    Commercial Space Transportation QUARTERLY LAUNCH REPORT Featuring the launch results from the 4th quarter 2004 and forecasts for the 1st quarter 2005 and 2nd quarter 2005 Copyright © 2004 Pat Corkery (Lockheed Martin) 1st Quarter 2005 United States Department of Transportation • Federal Aviation Administration Office of Commercial Space Transportation 800 Independence Ave. SW • Room 331 Washington, D.C. 20591 First Quarter 2005 Quarterly Launch Report 1 Introduction The First Quarter 2005 Quarterly Launch Report features launch results from the fourth quarter of 2004 (October-December 2004) and forecasts for the first quarter of 2005 (January-March 2005) and second quarter of 2005 (April-June 2005). This report contains information on worldwide commercial, civil, and military orbital and commercial suborbital space launch events. Projected launches have been identified from open sources, including industry references, company manifests, periodicals, and government sources. Projected launches are subject to change. This report highlights commercial launch activities, classifying commercial launches as one or both of the following: • Internationally-competed launch events (i.e., launch opportunities considered available in principle to competitors in the international launch services market) • Any launches licensed by the Office of Commercial Space Transportation of the Federal Aviation Administration under 49 United States Code Subtitle IX, Chapter 701 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act) Contents Fourth Quarter 2004 Highlights . .2 Vehicle Use . .3 Commercial Launch Events by Country . .4 Commercial vs. Non-commercial Launch Events . .4 Orbital vs. Suborbital Launch Events . .5 Launch Successes vs. Failures . .5 Payload Use . .6 Payload Mass Class . .6 Commercial Launch Trends . .7 Commercial Launch History . .8 Appendix A: Fourth Quarter 2004 Orbital and Suborbital Launch Events .
    [Show full text]
  • Small Magnetic Sensors for Space Applications
    Sensors 2009, 9, 2271-2288; doi:10.3390/s90402271 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors Review Small Magnetic Sensors for Space Applications Marina Díaz-Michelena Payloads and Instrumentation Area, INTA-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, / Ctra. de Torrejón a Ajalvir km 4.2, Madrid, Spain; E-Mail: [email protected];Tel. +34-91-520-1183; Fax: +34-91-520-1065 Received: 23 December 2008; in revised form: 7 March 2009 / Accepted: 26 March 2009 / Published: 30 March 2009 Abstract: Small magnetic sensors are widely used integrated in vehicles, mobile phones, medical devices, etc for navigation, speed, position and angular sensing. These magnetic sensors are potential candidates for space sector applications in which mass, volume and power savings are important issues. This work covers the magnetic technologies available in the marketplace and the steps towards their implementation in space applications, the actual trend of miniaturization the front-end technologies, and the convergence of the mature and miniaturized magnetic sensor to the space sector through the small satellite concept. Keywords: Miniaturized magnetic sensors, space magnetometers, AMR-Anisotropic MagnetoResistance, magnetic COTS-Components Off-The-Shelf 1. Introduction Curiosity and desire for knowledge about the universe seems to be something inherent in human beings. Since ancient times, the thirst for learning has gone beyond the outer atmosphere and into space. It was however, not until October 4th 1957, with the placement of the first artificial satellite in Earth orbit that man was able to study space in situ. Moving into space implies a constant challenge for technology, not only in terms of the technical requirements for particular devices but also because of the need to adapt technology to the extreme and often hostile environment in space.
    [Show full text]