UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY,

LAHORE

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURED AND PLANNING

THESIS REPORT:

HOME-GROWN POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES THROUGH “SSMALL SCALL COTTAGE INDUSTRIES”

LIFE RETURNS TO ROHI (CHOLISTAN)

BY: MEHAK WAJID ALI (13004101021) (BATCH-04)

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Contents UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE ...... 1 LIST OF FIGURES ...... 6 LIST OF TABLES ...... 9 DEDICATION...... 10 ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...... 11 ABSTRACT ...... 12 CHAPTER ONE: EXORDIUM TO PROJECT ...... 13 1.1 PROJECT TITLE: ...... 13 1.2 DEFINING THE PROJECT ...... 13 1.3 CLIENT ...... 14 1.4 USER ...... 14 1.5 SITE ...... 15 1.6 WHY MEERGARH? ...... 15 1.7 THESIS STATEMENT ...... 16 1.8 PHILOSOPHY ...... 17 1.9 FEASIBILITY ...... 17 1.9.1 NEED OF THE PROJECT ...... 17 1.9.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT ...... 18 1.9.3 Ambition of the Project ...... 20 1.9.4 Deserts of Pakistan ...... 20 1.10 OBJECTIVES ...... 21 1.11 METHODOLOGY ...... 21 1.12 SCOPE OF PROJECT ...... 22 1.13 EXISTING EXAMPLE ...... 22 1.14 PHYSICAL OUTCOME ...... 23 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ...... 25 2.1 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION ...... 25 2.1.2 History and Evolution of Earth Architecture Construction ...... 25 2.2 Bahawalpur History ...... 26 2.2.1 Ruling Dynasty ...... 27 2.3 Bahawalnagar History ...... 28 2

2.4 CHOLISTAN HISTORY ...... 28 2.4.1 Cholistan through Ages ...... 29 2.4.2 Forts in Cholistan ...... 30 2.5 Punjab ...... 32 2.5.1 Southern Punjab ...... 33 2.6 Cholistan Desert ...... 34 2.7 The Area ...... 36 2.7.1 Geography ...... 36 2.7.2 Topography ...... 36 2.7.3 Climate ...... 38 2.7.4 Temperature ...... 38 2.7.5 Aridity ...... 38 2.7.6 WIND DIRECTION ...... 39 2.7.7 Sun Shine ...... 39 2.7.8 Physical Environment ...... 39 2.8 Settlement Pattern ...... 39 2.8.1 THE CONCEPT OF BUILDING ...... 40 2.8.2 Main Construction Material ...... 41 2.9 The Local Dialect ...... 42 2.9.1 History ...... 42 2.10 Floristic Composition of Plants of Cholistan ...... 43 2.10.1 Prolusion ...... 44 2.11 Therapeutic Flora of Cholistan ...... 48 2.11.1 Herbal properties of some important medicinal plants in the Cholistan desert...... 49 2.11.2 Threats to native vegetation...... 50 2.12 Art and Craft ...... 53 2.13 Livestock and Agriculture ...... 63 2.13.1 Prelude ...... 63 2.13.2 Livestock Production in Cholistan...... 64 CHAPTER THREE: CASESTUDIES ...... 65 3.1 INTENT LOCAL CASESTUDIES ...... 65 3.1.1 LOK VIRSA ...... 65

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3.1.2 Reason of Assortment ...... 66 3.1.3 Parts of Complex:...... 67 3.1.4 Heritage Library ...... 71 3.1.5 Open air theatre: ...... 71 3.1.6 Lok virsa museum ...... 71 3.1.7 Halls of museum: ...... 72 3.1.8 Scrutiny (Pros) ...... 72 3.1.9 Conclusion: ...... 73 3.2 Altit village, Hunza Gilgit Baltistan...... 73 3.2.1 ALTIT VILLAGE ...... 75 3.2.2 History ...... 75 3.2.3 Construction & Strategic Location...... 76 3.2.4 BUILDING TYPOLOGY...... 76 3.2.5 STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS AND MATERIALS USED IN TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS ...... 78 3.3 INTERNATIONAL CASESTUDIES ...... 81 3.3.1 RAJASTHAN ...... 81 3.3.2 DESTINATIONS ...... 82 3.3.3 INTENT ...... 82

JAISELMER जैसलमेर...... 82 3.3.4 Ancient Jaisalmer ...... 83 3.3.5 Location ...... 84 3.3.6 Geography and climate ...... 84 3.4 JORDAN ...... 87 3.4.1 Location and Geography ...... 87 3.4.2 ECONOMY ...... 88 3.4.3 National Handicraft Development Program ...... 88 3.4.4 Iraq Al Amir Handicrafts Village ...... 89 3.4.5 Salt Handicrafts Training Centre ...... 90 3.4.6 Jerash Women’s Association ...... 90 CHAPTER FOUR: REQUIREMENTS ...... 91 4.1 CULTURAL CENTRE ...... 92

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4.1.1 CHOLISTAN EXPERIENCED ZONE ...... 92 4.1.2 CHOLISTAN DESERT MUSEUM ...... 93 4.1.3 Galleries ...... 93 4.1.4 Library ...... 93 4.1.5 Amphitheatre ...... 94 4.1.6 Meer Garh Fort for Cultural Event ...... 94 4.2 WORKSHOPS and Training Institute ...... 94 4.2.1 Pottery Industry ...... 94 4.2.2 Local foot wear department ...... 95 4.2.3 Weaving department...... 95 4.2.4 Jewellery making department ...... 95 4.2.5 Department of embroidery and stitching ...... 95 4.3 VOCATIONAL CENTRE ...... 95 4.4 HOTEL FOR TOURISTS ...... 95 4.4.1 THEMED RESTAURANT ...... 95 4.5LOCAL BAZAAR FOR SELLING GOODS ...... 96 4.6 CAMP SITES ...... 96 4.7 HOSTELS ...... 96 4.8LIVESTOCK SETTLEMENT, PRODUCTION FARMS ...... 96 4.9 MOSQUE ...... 96 4.10 COTTON INDUSTRY ...... 96 4.11 HERBS INDUSTRY ...... 96 CHAPTER 5: SITE ANALYSIS ...... 97 5.1 AT MACRO LEVEL ...... 97 5.2 AT MESO LEVEL ...... 100 5.2.1 SITE LOCATION ...... 100 5.2.2 OWNER ...... 100 5.2.3 SITE ...... 100 5.2.4 ACCESS ...... 101 5.2.5 Neighbourhood Content ...... 101 CHAPTER SIX: MASTER PLANNING ...... 102 References ...... 103

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 SITE TERRITORY Figure 2 SITE ...... 15 Figure 3 WATER FLOW TOWARD CHOLISTAN...... 16 Figure 4 JEEP RALLY ...... 16 Figure 5 PAKISTAN BACKGROUND ...... 18 Figure 6 MOUNTAINOUS PEAKS ...... 19 Figure 7 A HUGE PORTION OF OCEAN LINKED TO IT ...... 19 Figure 8 DESERT IN COMPARATIVELY SMALL AREA ...... 19 Figure 9 DESERTS OF PAKISTAN ...... 20 Figure 10 PAKISTAN SMALL INDUSTRY CORPORATION BROCHURE ...... 23 Figure 11 OLD MAY OF CHOLISTAN DESERT ...... 28 Figure 12 MAP OF INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION ...... 29 Figure 13 MEER GARH FORT Figure 14 MEER GARH FORT...... 31 Figure 15 MAROT FORT Figure 16 ISLAM GARH FORT ...... 31 Figure 17 MOGH GARH FORT Figure 18 MOGH GARH FORT ...... 31 Figure 19 W.R.T PUNJAB DIVISION ...... 32 Figure 20 W.R.T SOUTHERN PUNJAB DIVISION ...... 33 Figure 21 CHOLISTAN MAP ...... 34 Figure 22 TOPOGRAPHY MAP ...... 37 Figure 23 GRAPH OF ANNUAL RAINFALL ...... 38 Figure 24 SINGLE SHELL ...... 40 Figure 25 TOBAS ...... 40 Figure 26 THATCH ...... 41 Figure 27 LIFE FORM DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS SPECIES OF CHOLISTAN DESERT ...... 47 Figure 28 HABIT-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS SPECIES OF CHOLISTAN DESERT ...... 48 Figure 29 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF LIFECYCLE OF PLANTS OF CHOLISTAN ...... 48 Figure 30 KHUSSA MAKING Figure 31KHUSSA FINAL PRODUCT ...... 54 Figure 32 CHABI MAKING Figure 33 CHABI FINAL PRODUCT ...... 54 Figure 34 POTTERY MAKING ...... 55 Figure 35 POTTERY FINAL PRODUCT ...... 55 Figure 36 HAND FANS MAKING Figure 37 FINAL PRODUCT ...... 55 6

Figure 38 CHAHJ MAKING Figure 39 CHAHJ FINAL PRODUCT ...... 56 Figure 40 MOREY MAKING Figure 41 MORHEY FINAL PRODUCT ...... 56 Figure 42 GINDI MAKING Figure 43 GINDI FINAL PRODUCT ...... 57 Figure 44 KHAIS MAKING Figure 45 KHAIS FINAL ...... 57 Figure 46 KHARA MAKING Figure 47 KHARA FINAL PRODUCT...... 58 Figure 48 THREAD MAKING ON SPINNING WHEEL Figure 49 THREAD CLOTH FINAL PRODUCT ...... 58 Figure 50 PRANDA MAKING Figure 51 PRANDA FINAL PRODUCT ...... 59 Figure 52 BLOCK PRINTING MAKING Figure 53 BLOCK FINAL PRODUCT ...... 59 Figure 54 EMBROIDERY MAKING Figure 55 EMBROIDERY FINAL PRODUCT ...... 60 Figure 56 PARCHAH MAKING Figure 57 PARCHAH FINAL PRODUCT ...... 60 Figure 58 PILLOW MAKING Figure 59 PILLOW FINAL PRODUCT ...... 61 Figure 60 CARPET WEAVING Figure 61 CARPET FINAL PRODUCT ...... 62 Figure 62 ANCIENT CARPET WEAVING: INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION ...... 62 Figure 63 LAYOUT PLAN OF LOK VIRSA ...... 66 Figure 64 MAN PAINTING JARS ...... 68 Figure 65 MAN MAKING POTS ...... 68 Figure 66 women decorating a ball with beautiful colours ...... 69 Figure 67 GIRL LEARNING HOW TO CARVE ...... 69 Figure 68 TRAINING SESSION AT LOK VIRSA ...... 70 Figure 69 TRAINING SESSION ...... 70 Figure 70GIRLS GETTING LEARN THE CRAFT OF PAPER MASHI ...... 70 Figure 71 INERIOR VIEW OF LOK VIRSA LIBRARY ...... 71 Figure 72 LOK VIRSA MUSEUM ...... 71 Figure 73 GILGIT BALTISTAN MAP W.R.T PAKISTAN MAP ...... 73 Figure 74 GILGIT BALTISTAN OVERVIEW MAP ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 75 HUNZA VALLEY ...... 74 Figure 76 HUNZA OVERVIEW MAP ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 77 ALTIT FORT ALONG VIEW OF ALTIT VILLAGE ...... 75 Figure 78 BUILDING TYPOLOGY ...... 76 Figure 79 ALTIT FORT MAIN TOWER ...... 77 Figure 80 THE CLUSTERING OF OLD AND DISPARATE HOUSING ELEMENTS ALSO GAVE RISE TO THE "FORTIFIED VILLAGE" ...... 78 7

Figure 81 TOP VIEW OF ALTIT VILLAGE ...... 79 Figure 82 HUNZUKUTUZ LIBRARY ...... 80 Figure 83 HUNZUK MUSEUM ...... 80 Figure 84 INTERIOR OF ALTIT FORT ...... 81 Figure 85 OVER VIEW RAJASTHAN CULTURE ...... 81 Figure 86 MASTER PLAN OF JASELMER ...... 84 Figure 87 ROAD TOWARD FORT...... 85 Figure 88 WAY TOWARD JASELMER FORT ...... 85 Figure 89 GOPA CHOWK ...... 85 Figure 90 LOCAL CRAFT SHOP ...... 85 Figure 91 JAISELMER FOLKLORE ...... 86 Figure 92 CULTURAL CENTRE ...... 86 Figure 93 OVERVIEW OF JAISELMER CRAFTS ...... 87 Figure 94 JORDAN CULTURE ...... 87 Figure 95 JORDAN MAP ...... 88 Figure 96 HANDICRAFT FROM ALL OVER THE JORDAN ...... 89 Figure 97 W.R.T COUNTRY ...... 97 Figure 98 W.R.T PROVINCE DIVISION ...... 97 Figure 99 W.R.T PUNJAB ...... 98 Figure 100 W.R.T PUNJAB DIVISION ...... 98 Figure 101 W.R.T SOUTHERN PUNJAB DIVISION ...... 98 Figure 102 W.R.T DISTRICT DIVISION ...... 99 Figure 103 CHOLISTAN MAP ...... 99 Figure 104 MEER GARH TERRITORY ...... 100 Figure 105 SITE 50 ACRES ...... 100

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1 LAND SYSTEM ...... 37 Table 2 LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CHOLISTAN ...... 45 Table 3 SPECIES TOTAL OF THE LARGEST GENERA ...... 47 Table 4 HERBAL REMEDIES AND PLANT PARTS FROM SOME IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE CHOLISTAN DESERT USED FOR RESPIRATORY, DIGESTIVE, NERVOUS, CIRCULATORY AND URINARY DISEASES ...... 51 Table 5 HERBAL PLANTS USED FOR ACHES, EYES PROBLEMS, MOUTH DISORDERS ...... 52 Table 6 LIVESTOCK SENSUS IN CHOLISTAN ...... 63

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DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my beloved PARENTS & BROTHERS “S $ N” For their love, endless support, and encouragement. AND

Especially to those poor souls, who survived just to protect their identities rooted deep in their land.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to all those who helped me to make my thesis work a success. First and foremost I would like to thank ALMIGHTY who has provided me the strength to do justice to my work and contribute my best to it so that it has turned out to be a successful venue. I express my sincere and whole hearted thanks, to my thesis supervisors, DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING, UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, for their regular advice, magnitude of dynamic and tiresome guidance, suggestion and encouragement throughout the course of present research.

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ABSTRACT

LOST AND FOUND Traditions represent a critical piece of our culture. They help form the structure and foundation of our families and our society. They remind us that we are part of a history that defines our past, shapes who we are today and who we are likely to become. Once we ignore the meaning of our traditions, we’re in danger of damaging the underpinning of our identity.

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