The Babylonian Talmud
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Israel's National Religious and the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict
Leap of Faith: Israel’s National Religious and the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict Middle East Report N°147 | 21 November 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iv I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Religious Zionism: From Ascendance to Fragmentation ................................................ 5 A. 1973: A Turning Point ................................................................................................ 5 B. 1980s and 1990s: Polarisation ................................................................................... 7 C. The Gaza Disengagement and its Aftermath ............................................................. 11 III. Settling the Land .............................................................................................................. 14 A. Bargaining with the State: The Kookists ................................................................... 15 B. Defying the State: The Hilltop Youth ........................................................................ 17 IV. From the Hills to the State .............................................................................................. -
Privatizing Religion: the Transformation of Israel's
Privatizing religion: The transformation of Israel’s Religious- Zionist community BY Yair ETTINGER The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit organization devoted to independent research and policy solutions. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s), and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its other scholars. This paper is part of a series on Imagining Israel’s Future, made possible by support from the Morningstar Philanthropic Fund. The views expressed in this report are those of its author and do not represent the views of the Morningstar Philanthropic Fund, their officers, or employees. Copyright © 2017 Brookings Institution 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, D.C. 20036 U.S.A. www.brookings.edu Table of Contents 1 The Author 2 Acknowlegements 3 Introduction 4 The Religious Zionist tribe 5 Bennett, the Jewish Home, and religious privatization 7 New disputes 10 Implications 12 Conclusion: The Bennett era 14 The Center for Middle East Policy 1 | Privatizing religion: The transformation of Israel’s Religious-Zionist community The Author air Ettinger has served as a journalist with Haaretz since 1997. His work primarily fo- cuses on the internal dynamics and process- Yes within Haredi communities. Previously, he cov- ered issues relating to Palestinian citizens of Israel and was a foreign affairs correspondent in Paris. Et- tinger studied Middle Eastern affairs at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and is currently writing a book on Jewish Modern Orthodoxy. -
The Israeli Experience in Lebanon, 1982-1985
THE ISRAELI EXPERIENCE IN LEBANON, 1982-1985 Major George C. Solley Marine Corps Command and Staff College Marine Corps Development and Education Command Quantico, Virginia 10 May 1987 ABSTRACT Author: Solley, George C., Major, USMC Title: Israel's Lebanon War, 1982-1985 Date: 16 February 1987 On 6 June 1982, the armed forces of Israel invaded Lebanon in a campaign which, although initially perceived as limited in purpose, scope, and duration, would become the longest and most controversial military action in Israel's history. Operation Peace for Galilee was launched to meet five national strategy goals: (1) eliminate the PLO threat to Israel's northern border; (2) destroy the PLO infrastructure in Lebanon; (3) remove Syrian military presence in the Bekaa Valley and reduce its influence in Lebanon; (4) create a stable Lebanese government; and (5) therefore strengthen Israel's position in the West Bank. This study examines Israel's experience in Lebanon from the growth of a significant PLO threat during the 1970's to the present, concentrating on the events from the initial Israeli invasion in June 1982 to the completion of the withdrawal in June 1985. In doing so, the study pays particular attention to three aspects of the war: military operations, strategic goals, and overall results. The examination of the Lebanon War lends itself to division into three parts. Part One recounts the background necessary for an understanding of the war's context -- the growth of PLO power in Lebanon, the internal power struggle in Lebanon during the long and continuing civil war, and Israeli involvement in Lebanon prior to 1982. -
The National Left (First Draft) by Shmuel Hasfari and Eldad Yaniv
The National Left (First Draft) by Shmu'el Hasfari and Eldad Yaniv Open Source Center OSC Summary: A self-published book by Israeli playwright Shmu'el Hasfari and political activist Eldad Yaniv entitled "The National Left (First Draft)" bemoans the death of Israel's political left. http://www.fas.org/irp/dni/osc/israel-left.pdf Statement by the Authors The contents of this publication are the responsibility of the authors, who also personally bore the modest printing costs. Any part of the material in this book may be photocopied and recorded. It is recommended that it should be kept in a data-storage system, transmitted, or recorded in any form or by any electronic, optical, mechanical means, or otherwise. Any form of commercial use of the material in this book is permitted without the explicit written permission of the authors. 1. The Left The Left died the day the Six-Day War ended. With the dawn of the Israeli empire, the Left's sun sank and the Small [pun on Smol, the Hebrew word for Left] was born. The Small is a mark of Cain, a disparaging term for a collaborator, a lover of Arabs, a hater of Israel, a Jew who turns against his own people, not a patriot. The Small-ists eat pork on Yom Kippur, gobble shrimps during the week, drink espresso whenever possible, and are homos, kapos, artsy-fartsy snobs, and what not. Until 1967, the Left actually managed some impressive deeds -- it took control of the land, ploughed, sowed, harvested, founded the state, built the army, built its industry from scratch, fought Arabs, settled the land, built the nuclear reactor, brought millions of Jews here and absorbed them, and set up kibbutzim, moshavim, and agriculture. -
Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid Over Palestine
Metula Majdal Shams Abil al-Qamh ! Neve Ativ Misgav Am Yuval Nimrod ! Al-Sanbariyya Kfar Gil'adi ZZ Ma'ayan Baruch ! MM Ein Qiniyye ! Dan Sanir Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid over Palestine Al-Sanbariyya DD Al-Manshiyya ! Dafna ! Mas'ada ! Al-Khisas Khan Al-Duwayr ¥ Huneen Al-Zuq Al-tahtani ! ! ! HaGoshrim Al Mansoura Margaliot Kiryat !Shmona al-Madahel G GLazGzaGza!G G G ! Al Khalsa Buq'ata Ethnic Cleansing and Population Transfer (1948 – present) G GBeGit GHil!GlelG Gal-'A!bisiyya Menara G G G G G G G Odem Qaytiyya Kfar Szold In order to establish exclusive Jewish-Israeli control, Israel has carried out a policy of population transfer. By fostering Jewish G G G!G SG dGe NG ehemia G AGl-NGa'iGmaG G G immigration and settlements, and forcibly displacing indigenous Palestinians, Israel has changed the demographic composition of the ¥ G G G G G G G !Al-Dawwara El-Rom G G G G G GAmG ir country. Today, 70% of Palestinians are refugees and internally displaced persons and approximately one half of the people are in exile G G GKfGar GB!lGumG G G G G G G SGalihiya abroad. None of them are allowed to return. L e b a n o n Shamir U N D ii s e n g a g e m e n tt O b s e rr v a tt ii o n F o rr c e s Al Buwayziyya! NeoG t MG oGrdGecGhaGi G ! G G G!G G G G Al-Hamra G GAl-GZawG iyGa G G ! Khiyam Al Walid Forcible transfer of Palestinians continues until today, mainly in the Southern District (Beersheba Region), the historical, coastal G G G G GAl-GMuGftskhara ! G G G G G G G Lehavot HaBashan Palestinian towns ("mixed towns") and in the occupied West Bank, in particular in the Israeli-prolaimed “greater Jerusalem”, the Jordan G G G G G G G Merom Golan Yiftah G G G G G G G Valley and the southern Hebron District. -
BENJAMIN HARY, Ph.D. Director, New York University Tel Aviv Professor of Hebrew and Judaic Studies, New York University
BENJAMIN HARY, Ph.D. Director, New York University Tel Aviv Professor of Hebrew and Judaic Studies, New York University 36 Bnei Dan New York University Tel Aviv Tel Aviv 6226016, Israel +(972) 77-450-2650; Fax +(972) 77-450-2651 Mobile +(972) 54-590-5636 E-Mail: [email protected] INTERESTS 1. Judeo-Arabic Language and Linguistics 2. History of Jewish Languages and the Jewish Linguistic Spectrum 3. Jewish Religion, History, Society and Culture in the Middle East 4. Jews in the Islamic World 5. Arabic Linguistics and Dialectology 6. Arabic Language Use in Israel 7. Corpus Linguistics and Modern Hebrew 8. Sociolinguistics, Dialectology and Language Variation; Language and Religion 9. Proficiency-based Teaching of Hebrew and Arabic 10. Interactive Multimedia Software for Foreign Language Education EDUCATION Ph.D. in Near Eastern Studies, December 1987 Dissertation: “Judeo-Arabic, Written and Spoken in Egypt in the 16th and 17th Centuries” University of California, Berkeley M.A. with distinction in Near Eastern Studies, December 1979 University of California, Berkeley Teaching Credentials in Hebrew and Arabic, June 1978 Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel B.A. in Arabic and Hebrew, June 1976 Graduated magna cum laude, Dean’s Lists Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Professor, Skirball Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies, New York University, 2015-- Visiting Professor, Skirball Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies, New York University, 2014–2015 Director of Ney York University Tel Aviv, 2014–– CV-Hary 2 Professor -
Imagining the Border
A WAshington institute str Ategic r eport Imagining the Border Options for Resolving the Israeli-Palestinian Territorial Issue z David Makovsky with Sheli Chabon and Jennifer Logan A WAshington institute str Ategic r eport Imagining the Border Options for Resolving the Israeli-Palestinian Territorial Issue z David Makovsky with Sheli Chabon and Jennifer Logan All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2011 The Washington Institute for Near East Policy Published in 2011 in the United States of America by the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050, Washington, DC 20036. Design by Daniel Kohan, Sensical Design and Communication Front cover: President Barack Obama watches as Israeli prime minister Binyamin Netanyahu and Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas shake hands in New York, September 2009. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak) Map CREDITS Israeli settlements in the Triangle Area and the West Bank: Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007, 2008, and 2009 data Palestinian communities in the West Bank: Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007 data Jerusalem neighborhoods: Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2008 data Various map elements (Green Line, No Man’s Land, Old City, Jerusalem municipal bounds, fences, roads): Dan Rothem, S. Daniel Abraham Center for Middle East Peace Cartography: International Mapping Associates, Ellicott City, MD Contents About the Authors / v Acknowledgments / vii Settlements and Swaps: Envisioning an Israeli-Palestinian Border / 1 Three Land Swap Scenarios / 7 Maps 1. -
Healing the Holy Land: Interreligious Peacebuilding in Israel/Palestine
Healing the Holy Land Interreligious Peacebuilding in Israel/Palestine Yehezkel Landau United States Institute of Peace Contents Summary 5 Foreword by David Smock 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Religion: A Blessing or a Curse? 11 3. After the Collapse of Oslo 13 4. The Alexandria Summit and Its Aftermath 16 5. Grassroots Interreligious Dialogues 26 6. Educating the Educators 29 7. Other Muslim Voices for Interreligious Peacebuilding 31 8. Symbolic Ritual as a Mode of Peacemaking 35 9. Active Solidarity: Rabbis for Human Rights 38 10. From Personal Grief to Collective Compassion 41 11. Journeys of Personal Transformation 44 12. Practical Recommendations 47 Appendices 49 About the Author 53 About the Institute 54 Summary ven though the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is primarily a political dispute between two nations over a common homeland, it has religious aspects that Eneed to be addressed in any effective peacemaking strategy. The peace agenda cannot be the monopoly of secular nationalist leaders, for such an approach guarantees that fervent religious believers on all sides will feel excluded and threatened by the diplo- matic process. Religious militants need to be addressed in their own symbolic language; otherwise, they will continue to sabotage any peacebuilding efforts. Holy sites, including the city of Jerusalem, are claimed by both peoples, and deeper issues that fuel the conflict, including the elements of national identity and purpose, are matters of transcendent value that cannot be ignored by politicians or diplomats. This report argues for the inclusion of religious leaders and educators in the long-term peacebuilding that is required to heal the bitter conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. -
Ninety Years of Habonim-Dror Sa: a Short History
NINETY YEARS OF HABONIM-DROR SA: A SHORT HISTORY By Gideon Shimoni, October 2020 FOUNDATIONS: A JEWISH SCOUT MOVEMENT The extraordinary significance of Zionism as sentiment, ideology and organization is perhaps the most distinctive characteristic of South African Jewry, and youth movements have always been Zionism's beating heart and conscience. Habonim (now Habonim-Dror), founded in early 1931, has been the largest and most influential of these youth movements, at least until the last few decades when the orthodox-religious youth movement, Bnei Akiva, challenged its status. To be sure, flourishing youth societies, engaging youth above 16 years of age, existed before Habonim was founded. Known as Judean Societies, and Young Israel Societies, their activities were coordinated in 1932 through the formation of a Zionist Youth Council affiliated to the Zionist Federation. However, Habonim was the first youth movement that focused upon the adolescent age group (initially 12 to 16 years) and engaged each generation of its own graduates in the hadracha (guidance ) of the next generation of Jewish youth. When Norman and Nadia Lourie founded Habonim, it was essentially as a Jewish equivalent of Baden-Powell’s Boy Scouts. It was entirely independent and autonomous. Lourie himself had adopted the idea in London where he had joined Wellesley Aron in the founding of Habonim on the same model about a year earlier. Its underlying educational purpose was to foster character development in a healthily fun-filled, Jewishly meaningful and socially caring spirit. However, from the outset, the main emphasis was on identification with the Jewish national renaissance epitomized by Zionism. -
Where Community Happens. the Kibbutz and the Philosophy Of
WHERE COMMUNITY HAPPENS WHERE COMMUNITY HAPPENS In reaction to the spread of globalization, recent years have seen considerable growth in the number of intentional communities established across the world. In this collection of articles and lectures, many of them previously unpublished in English, the author analyzes various aspects of the philosophy of the kibbutz W THE KIBBUTZ AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF COMMUNALISM and draws parallels with other societies and philosophical trends, in the hope that a close look at the ways of thought of the kibbutz – arguably the best- HERE established communalist society – may help other communalists crystallize their own social philosophies. Utopian thought and communal experience are brought to life through the extensive use of the voices of some of the most influential thinkers and kibbutz members of the past hundred years, including CO Martin Buber and David Ben Gurion. “Henry Near has spent a lifetime studying utopianism and intentional MMUNIT communities, with a special focus on the kibbutzim of Israel, of which he is the leading historian. This book brings together his thoughtful reflections on the kibbutzim and related topics. It will long be a benchmark in its field.” Tim Miller, Professor of Religious Studies, University of Kansas “As a distinguished scholar and long-time kibbutznik, communal historian and Y H philosopher Henry Near offers that all too rare combination of passion and balance, vision and realism. This timely book is an invaluable case study of the kibbutz in a broader, comparative perspective including Christian monasteries, APPENS Hutterite colonies, and New Age communes. It offers a goldmine of new evidence and mature wisdom, of value to historians, social scientists, humanists, and partisans of gender equality, youth empowerment, and cooperative alternatives for the twenty-first century. -
Examining the Worldview of the Jewish Settlers in Hebron Hanne Eggen Røislien, International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO), Norway
urn:nbn:de:0070-ijcv-2007272 IJCV : Vol. 1 (2) 2007, pp.169–184 Living with Contradiction: Examining the Worldview of the Jewish Settlers in Hebron Hanne Eggen Røislien, International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO), Norway Editorial (p. 91) Focus: Terrorism From Classical Terrorism to ‘Global’ Terrorism Michel Wieviorka (pp. 92 –104) Post-9/11 Terrorism Threats, News Coverage, and Public Perceptions in the United States Brigitte L. Nacos, Yaeli Bloch-Elkon, Robert Y. Shapiro (pp. 105–126) Attributions of Responsibility for Terrorist Attacks: The Role of Group Membership and Identification Bertjan Doosje, Sven Zebel, Marieke Scheermeijer, Pauline Mathyi (pp. 127– 141) A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Suicide Bombing Paul Gill (pp. 142–159) Suicide Bombers in Israel: Their Motivations, Characteristics, and Prior Activity in Terrorist Organizations Revital Sela-Shayovitz (pp. 160–168) Open Section Living with Contradiction: Examining the Worldview of the Jewish Settlers in Hebron Hanne Eggen Røislien (pp. 169 –184) Explaining the Long-Term Trend in Violent Crime: A Heuristic Scheme and Some Methodological Considerations Helmut Thome (pp. 185 –202) All text of the International Journal of Conflict and Violence is subject to the terms of the Digital Peer Publishing Licence. http://www.ijcv.org /docs/licence/DPPL_v2_en_06-2004.pdf IJCV : Vol. 1 (2) 2007, pp.169–184 Hanne Eggen Røislien: Living with Contradiction: Examining the Worldview of the Jewish Settlers in Hebron 170 Living with Contradiction: Examining the Worldview of the Jewish Settlers in Hebron Hanne Eggen Røislien, International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO), Norway In the West Bank city of Hebron the Israeli-Palestinian conflict still overshadows all activities. -
What Prevented Violence in Jewish Settlements in the Withdrawal from the Gaza Strip: Toward a Perspective of Normative Balance*
What Prevented Violence in Jewish Settlements in the Withdrawal from the Gaza Strip: Toward a Perspective of Normative Balance* DAVID WEISBURD** & HAGIT LERNAU*** I. INTRODUCTION In August of 2005, the Israeli government uprooted Jewish settlers from the Gaza Strip in twenty-one communities, many of which had existed for decades. The world's attention focused on the settlements, both because of the historic importance of the withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, and because of the understanding that the withdrawal challenged the deeply held historic and religious beliefs of settlers and their supporters throughout Israel. The settlements in Gaza were not simply representative of the Israeli presence and the country's desire for security; they were outposts in which strongly ideological settlers expressed their belief in the Biblical connection between the Land of Israel and the modem Jewish nation. 1 The withdrawal from the * This research was supported by a grant from the United States Institute of Peace and by a research award from British Friends of the Hebrew University Law School to the Jerusalem Criminal Justice Study Group. We would like to thank Natalie Givon and Shira Chen for their assistance in gathering data for this project. We owe a special debt to Shomron Moyal who not only conducted field work in the project, but also assisted us throughout the analysis and writing stages for the paper. We also want to thank the many settlers who took the time to speak to us or respond to our survey and hope that we did not interfere too much in their lives.