Terrestrial Biomes: a Conceptual Review
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Geobotany Studies
Geobotany Studies Basics, Methods and Case Studies Editor Franco Pedrotti University of Camerino Via Pontoni 5 62032 Camerino Italy Editorial Board: S. Bartha, Va´cra´tot, Hungary F. Bioret, University of Brest, France E. O. Box, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA A. Cˇ arni, Slovenian Academy of Sciences, Ljubljana (Slovenia) K. Fujiwara, Yokohama City University, Japan D. Gafta, “Babes-Bolyai” University Cluj-Napoca (Romania) J. Loidi, University of Bilbao, Spain L. Mucina, University of Perth, Australia S. Pignatti, Universita degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Italy R. Pott, University of Hannover, Germany A. Vela´squez, Centro de Investigacion en Scie´ncias Ambientales, Morelia, Mexico R. Venanzoni, University of Perugia, Italy For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/10526 About the Series The series includes outstanding monographs and collections of papers on a given topic in the following fields: Phytogeography, Phytosociology, Plant Community Ecology, Biocoenology, Vegetation Science, Eco-informatics, Landscape Ecology, Vegetation Mapping, Plant Conservation Biology and Plant Diversity. Contributions are expected to reflect the latest theoretical and methodological developments or to present new applications at broad spatial or temporal scales that could reinforce our understanding of ecological processes acting at the phytocoenosis and landscape level. Case studies based on large data sets are also considered, provided that they support refinement of habitat classification, conservation of plant diversity, or -
Life-Forms of Terrestrial 'Flowering Plants
ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA EDIDJT SVENSKA VAXTGEOGRAFISKA SALLSKAPET m:1 LIFE-FORMS OF TERRESTRIAL ' FLOWERING PLANTS I BY G. EINAR Du RIETZ UPPSALA 1931 ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOKTRYCKERI AB ' ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA. III. LIFE-FORMS OF TERRESTRIAL FLOWERING PLANTS BY G. EINAR DU RIETZ PRINTED WITH CONTRIBUTION FH.OM LA :\GMAN S KA I{ U LTU HFON DEN UPPSALA 193 1 ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOK'l'RYCKERI-A.-B. Preface. This work is the result of studies carried out during the last twelve years. The field-studies have been made partly in various parts of Scandinavia (Sweden and Norway), partly during a year's work in New Zealand and .Australia in 1926-1927 as well as during shorter visits to various parts of Central and Western Europe, North America, and Java. The material collected in the field has been worked up in the Plant-Biological Institution of Upsala Uni versity. The rich life-form collections of this institution have also been utilized as much as possible. I wish to express my deep gratitude to all those frien�s in various countries who have supported my work in one way or another - they are too many to be enumerated here. l have tried to bring the names of the plants mentioned as much as possible into accordance with the following generally known :florjstic handbooks : For Scandinavia Ho LMBERG 1922-1926, and, for the groups not treated there, LIND- 1\IAN 1926, for Central Europe HEGI 1908--1931, for the eastern part of North .America RoBINSON and FF.RNALD 1908, for Java KooR DERS 191 1-1912, for N�w South Wales MooRE and BE T C H E 1893, for the rest of Australia BENTHAM 1863- 1878, and for New Zealand CHEESEMAN 1925. -
Plants Found in the Middle Parts of the State Grow Here, Excepting the Alpine Flowers
CULTIVATION BOTANY.— Wood grows here [Concord] with great rapidity; and it is supposed there is as much now as there was twenty years ago. Walden woods at the south, and other lots towards the southwest parts of the town, are the most extensive, covering several hundred acres of light-soil land. Much of the fuel, which is consumed, is, however brought from the neighbouring towns. The most common trees are the oak, pine, maple, elm, white birch, chestnut, walnut, &c., &c. Hemlock and spruce are very rare. The ornamental trees transplanted, in this as in most other towns, do not appear to have been placed with much regularity; but as they are, they contribute much to the comfort and beauty of the town. The elm, buttonwood, horse-chestnut, and fruit trees have very properly taken the place of sickly poplars, in ornamenting the dwellings. The large elm in front of the court-house, –the pride of the common,– is almost unrivalled in beauty. It is about “three score and ten,” but is still growing with youthful vigor and uniform rapidity. Dr. Jarvis, who is familiar with the botany of Concord, informs me, that “most of the plants found in the middle parts of the state grow here, excepting the alpine flowers. The extensive low lands produce abundantly the natural families of the aroideæ, typhæ, cyperoideæ, gramineæ, junci, corymbiferæ and unbelliferæ. These genera especially abound. There are also found, the juncus militaris (bayonet rush), on the borders of Fairhaven pond; cornus florida; lobelia carinalis (cardinal flower) abundant on the borders of the river; polygala cruciata, in the east parts of the town; nyssa villosa (swamp hornbeam) at the foot of Fairhaven hill.” The cicuta Americana (hemlock) grows abundant on the intervals. -
Forests in the Here and Now
1 Forests in the Here and Now I Edited by .. Benjamin B. Stout ' Forests in the Here and Now A Collection of writings of Hugh Miller Raup Bullard Professor of Forestry, Emeritus Harvard University Edited by Benjamin B. Stout with a fore- and afterword by Calvin W. Stillman Published by The Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station School of Forestry University of Montana Missoula, MT 59812 ©1981 The Montana Conservation and Experiment Station All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any mechanical means, including mimeograph, photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. FIRST EDITION Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Raup, Hugh Miller Forests in the Here and Now. Missoula, MT: Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station l31p. 8 !()7 8!069 Library of Congress number 81-83056 CONTENTS Acknowledgements . .. .. vi Foreword ........................................................................................... vii Introduction ....................... .............. ...................................... ..... .. ..... xi Chapter I COMMUNITY, SUCCESSION AND CLIMAX Chapter II SCALE .......................................................................................... 29 Chapter III PHYSICAL DISTURBANCE OF PLANT HABITATS .............. 35 Chapter IV ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM ........................................ 67 Chapter V REFLECTIONS ON -
Relationships Between Riparian Vegetation, Hydrology, Climate and Disturbance Across the Western United States
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2016 Relationships between Riparian Vegetation, Hydrology, Climate and Disturbance across the Western United States Nathaniel Hough-Snee Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Hough-Snee, Nathaniel, "Relationships between Riparian Vegetation, Hydrology, Climate and Disturbance across the Western United States" (2016). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 5018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5018 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RIPARIAN VEGETATION, HYDROLOGY, CLIMATE, AND DISTURBANCE ACROSS THE WESTERN UNITED STATES by Nate Hough-Snee A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Ecology Approved: ______________________ ____________________ Joseph M. Wheaton Brett B. Roper Major Professor Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ Nancy J. Huntly Michael L. Scott Committee Member Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ James A. Lutz Mark McLellan Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2016 ii Copyright © Nate Hough-Snee 2016 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Relationships between Riparian Vegetation, Hydrology, Climate and Disturbance across the Western United States by Nate Hough-Snee, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2016 Major Professor: Dr. Joseph M. Wheaton Department: Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center Flow regime, the magnitude, duration and timing of streamflow, controls the development of floodplain landforms on which riparian vegetation communities assemble. -
An Evaluation and Comparison of Alternative Vegetation Classification Systems on the Lubrecht Experimental Forest" (1998)
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1998 An evaluation and comparison of alternative vegetation classification systems on the ubrL echt Experimental Forest Elizabeth M. Bella The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Bella, Elizabeth M., "An evaluation and comparison of alternative vegetation classification systems on the Lubrecht Experimental Forest" (1998). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6882. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6882 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Il s I Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of IVIONTANA Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. ** Please check "Yes” or "No” and provide signature ** Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant pennission _____ Author's Signature (jA îjâ cSt, Date __________________________ Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. AN EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS ON THE LUBRECHT EXPERIMENTAL FOREST by Elizabeth M. -
Trends in the Development of Geographic Botany Author(S): Hugh M
Trends in the Development of Geographic Botany Author(s): Hugh M. Raup Source: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Dec., 1942), pp. 319-354 Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the Association of American Geographers Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2561177 . Accessed: 25/08/2011 14:41 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. and Association of American Geographers are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Annals of the Association of American Geographers. http://www.jstor.org ANNALS of the Association of American Geographers Volume XXXII DECEMBER, 1942 No. 4 Trendsin the Developmentof Geographic Botany HUGH M. RAUP CONTENTS Introduction................................................................. 319 Theophrastusto Humboldt:Floristic Plant Geography.......... .............. 320 Humboldtto Darwin ................ ........................... 324 The Effectsof Darwinismupon Plant Geography.............. ................ 327 CurrentTrends in Plant Geography: FloristicPlant Geography.......................................... -
1 Defining Halophytes: a Conceptual and Historical Approach in an Ecological Frame
1 Defining Halophytes: a Conceptual and Historical Approach in an Ecological Frame Marius-Nicuşor Grigore* Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania Abstract Halophytes have certainly been recognized since the beginning of the 18th century, but subtle earlier allusions to salt-tolerant plants can be found back to 1500. By the time of the French Encyclopédie (1751–1765), and Goethe (1786), consistent data about halophytes had already been accumulated. Halophytes were brought to scientific attention through the classic and iconic papers of the German botanist Schimper, and especially those of the Danish plant ecologist Warming. However, their definitions remain controversial; the lack of a unique def- inition is related mainly to the complex features of this ecological group of plants. There are many definitions of halophytes, and some reflect the scientific background of the researchers who defined them. The ‘historical’ evo- lution of a definition can be delineated, and it especially reflects the progress of accumulating knowledge about halophyte biology. The definition of halophytes is thus manifold. The criteria and the historical context in which their definitions occurred and developed are discussed in detail in this chapter. Special attention is given to textual analysis that reveals the convergent approaches of researchers who used different languages. Ecological perspec- tives in defining halophytes suggest that, although they in fact represent a large ecological group of plants, their common xeromorphic nature must be universally recognized. Keywords: Ecology; Halophytes; Saline environments; Xerophytes 1.1 Historical and Semantic frame, with emphasis on the historical and lin- Evolution of Terms guistic evolution of basic terms. It is well known that the history of botany Many definitions of halophytes now exist. -
The Eco-Plant Model and Its Implication on Mesozoic Dispersed Sporomorphs for Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 293 (2021) 104503 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Review papers The Eco-Plant model and its implication on Mesozoic dispersed sporomorphs for Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms Jianguang Zhang a,⁎, Olaf Klaus Lenz b, Pujun Wang c,d, Jens Hornung a a Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany b Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany c Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130026, China d College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, PR China article info abstract Article history: The ecogroup classification based on the growth-form of plants (Eco-Plant model) is widely used for extant, Ce- Received 15 July 2020 nozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, for most Mesozoic dispersed Received in revised form 2 August 2021 sporomorphs, the application of the Eco-Plant model is limited because either their assignment to a specific Accepted 3 August 2021 ecogroup remains uncertain or the botanical affinities to plant taxa are unclear. By comparing the unique outline Available online xxxx and structure/sculpture of the wall of dispersed sporomorph to the sporomorph wall of modern plants and fossil plants, 861 dispersed Mesozoic sporomorph genera of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms are Keywords: Botanical affinity reviewed. Finally, 474 of them can be linked to their closest parent plants and Eco-Plant model at family or Ecogroup order level. Based on the demands of the parent plants to different humidity conditions, the Eco-Plant model sep- Paleoenvironment arates between hydrophytes, hygrophytes, mesophytes, xerophytes, and euryphytes. -
Plant Community, Plantesamfund
Chapter 23 Plant Community, Plantesamfund Peder Anker The First Use of the Plant Community Concept The plant community concept was first introduced by the Danish botanist Johannes Eugenius Bülow Warming (1841–1924) in his book “Plantesamfund” of 1895, where he suggested a general theory of explaining different geographical distribu- tions of plants. The title “Plantesamfund” can be translated both as Plant societies and Plant communities, since the Danish word samfund means both “society” and “community” (or alternatively “Gesellschaft” and “Gemeinschaft” in German). To keep the broad meaning of the original title Warming chose the German title “Ökologischen Pflanzengeographie” (1896) and the English title “Oecology of Plants” (1909). The book addressed different factors limiting the geographical dis- tribution of different plants. He used the concept of “community” or “Gemeinschaft” when describing smaller geographical distributions of plants, while “oecologie” or “Ökologie” had a broader geographical meaning corresponding to “society” or “Gesellschaft” as a whole. “Plantesamfund” was not translated into French, though Warming was inspired by the French botanical notion of “le commensal” (dinner partner) in his thinking about the plant community. “Plantesamfund” was also translated into Polish in 1900 and Russian in 1901. Summary The Danish botanist Warming coined the plant community concept in his book “Plantesamfund” in 1895. It has a neo-Lamarckian, morphological, and religiously informed understanding of plant geography. The community concept also drew its inspiration from the Danish political and social environment. Warming was a patri- P. Anker (*) Gallatin School of Individualized Study and Environmental Studies Program at New York University, New York, USA e-mail: [email protected] © The U.S. -
Read of Scope, Specify, and Describe Planting.4 Horticultural Techniques Continue Tion and Taxonomy Driven by Economic Botany
Live Matter: Towards a theory of plant life Figure 1 The Live Matter Archive summarizes botanical history and highlights particular treatises that explore the plant as a living subject. Rosetta S. Elkin Harvard University, USA Abstract Planting endures unquestioned in landscape architecture through a reli- Planting_to plant or to fix in place_is at the core of landscape architec - Live Matter offers an alternative botanical history that can help broaden the to engage the profession of landscape architecture precisely because the ance on the authority of scientific botany and design expertise. While plants ture. Yet nothing in landscape architecture has become more fixed in description of plant life. The research suggests that plant life has agency field rehearses the procedures of planting that operate between nature represent the intersection of life and matter, the discipline of landscape place than perceived notions of plant life. As one of the most rehearsed outside of the burden of economically driven botany or reductive typol - and culture or human and non-human agency. As a form of design architecture only recognizes plants for supreme utility or divine beauty: procedures, planting endures unquestioned through a reliance on the ogies of formal, fixed composition. These practices reflect a longstanding research, the project argues that histories and references be reimagined our collective desire to domesticate. The ensuing planting procedures rely presumed authority of scientific botany and the aesthetic intuition of perspective that assumes that non-human material is passive, and devoid in order to create a more significant role for planting in practice (Fig. 3). A on a lineage of practices that pacify the aliveness of plants, as choice parts design professions. -
NYE ARTER I DANMARK – Karplanter, Mosser, Alger, Laver Og Svampe
NYE ARTER I DANMARK – karplanter, mosser, alger, laver og svampe Teknisk rapport fra DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi nr. 124 2018 AARHUS AU UNIVERSITET DCE – NATIONALT CENTER FOR MILJØ OG ENERGI [Tom side] NYE ARTER I DANMARK – karplanter, mosser, alger, laver og svampe Teknisk rapport fra DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi nr. 124 2018 Peter Wind1 Irina Goldberg1 Peter Stæhr1 Ulrik Søchting2 Thomas Læssøe3 1 Aarhus Universitet, Institut for Bioscience 2 Københavns Universitet, Biologisk Institut 3 Københavns Universitet, Statens Naturhistoriske Museum AARHUS AU UNIVERSITET DCE – NATIONALT CENTER FOR MILJØ OG ENERGI Datablad Serietitel og nummer: Teknisk rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi nr. 124 Titel: Nye arter i Danmark - karplanter, mosser, alger, laver og svampe Forfattere: Peter Wind1, Irina Goldberg1, Peter Stæhr1, Ulrik Søchting2 og Thomas Læssøe2,3 Institutioner: 1)Aarhus Universitet, Institut for Bioscience, 2)Københavns Universitet, Biologisk Institut & 3)Københavns Universitet, Statens Naturhistoriske Museum Udgiver: Aarhus Universitet, DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi © URL: http://dce.au.dk Udgivelsesår: August 2018 Redaktion afsluttet: August 2018 Faglig kommentering: Beate Strandberg Kvalitetssikring, DCE: Jesper R. Fredshavn Finansiel støtte: 15. Juni Fonden Bedes citeret: Wind, P., Goldberg, I., Stæhr, P., Søchting, U. & Læssøe, T. 2018. Nye arter i Danmark - karplanter, mosser, alger, laver og svampe. Aarhus Universitet, DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, 94 s. - Teknisk rapport nr. 124. http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR124.pdf Gengivelse tilladt med tydelig kildeangivelse Sammenfatning: Et ofte stillet spørgsmål er: Hvor mange arter af karplanter, mosser, alger og svampe forekommer der i naturen i Danmark? Der er ikke noget enkelt svar på spørgsmålet, for artsantallet ændrer sig over tid.