Forests in the Here and Now
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10/23/2014 The Historical Roots of The Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation Category: Vol. 3, 2009 The Historical Roots of The Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation Written by Stephanie Smith and Steve Mark Hits: 10184 The South Shore Journal, Vol. 3, 2009, pp.1-10. Stephanie Smith - Indiana University Northwest Steve Mark - Chicago, Illinois Abstract The present article highlights the impact that scientists, educators, and activists of the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland area had on the conservation of land. The habitat and ecosystems of the Indiana Dunes were deemed to be of scientific interest by Henry Cowles, who led an international group of ecologists to visit the area in 1913. This meeting resulted in the formation of the Ecological Society of America, an offshoot of which eventually became The Nature Conservancy. It was only when preservation efforts expanded their focus from scientists attempting to prove that habitats were worthy of preservation to include contributions by people from all walks of life, did conservation take off. Keywords: The Nature Conservancy, Ecologists Union, Volo Bog The Historical Roots of The Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation …There is not a sufficient number of scientific people as voters to enthuse the politicians… …. (Garland, 1954). In the late 1890’s and early 1900’s, Henry Chandler Cowles, a botanist at the University of Chicago, published a number of scientific papers on ecological succession from research conducted in the sand dunes of northwestern Indiana (e.g., Cowles, 1899; Cowles, 1901). -
Brandon Road: Appendix C
GLMRIS – Brandon Road Appendix C - Risk Assessment August 2017 US Army Corps of Engineers Rock Island & Chicago Districts The Great Lakes and Mississippi River Interbasin Study—Brandon Road Draft Integrated Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Statement—Will County, Illinois (Page Intentionally Left Blank) Appendix C – Risk Assessment Table of Contents ATTACHMENT 1: PROBABILITY OF ESTABLISHMENT ........... C-2 ATTACHMENT 2: SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR ASIAN CARP POPULATION SIZES ............. C-237 C-1 Attachment 1: Probability of Establishment Introduction This appendix describes the process by which the probabilities of establishment (P(establishment)) for Asian carp (both Bighead and Silver carp) and A. lacustre were estimated, as well as the results of that process. Each species is addressed separately, with the Bighead and Silver carp process described first, followed by the A. lacustre process. Each species narrative is developed as follows: • Estimating P(establishment) • The Experts • The Elicitation • The Model • The Composite Expert • The Results o Probability of Establishment If No New Federal Action Is Taken (No New Federal Action Alternative) o P(establishment) Estimates by expert associated with each alternative Using Individual Expert Opinions o P(establishment) Estimates by alternative Using Individual Expert Opinions • Comparison of the Technology and Nonstructural Alternative to the No New Federal Action Alternative Bighead and Silver Carp Estimating P(establishment) The GLMRIS Risk Assessment provided qualitative estimates of the P(establishment) of Bighead and Silver Carp. The overall P(establishment) was defined in that document as consisting of five probability values using conditional notation: P(establishment) = P(pathway) x P(arrival|pathway) x P(passage|arrival) x P(colonization|passage) x P(spread|colonization) Each of the probability element values assumes that the preceeding element has occurred (e.g. -
The Emergence of Ecology from Natural History Keith R
The emergence of ecology from natural history Keith R. Benson The modern discipline of biology was formed in the 20th century from roots deep in the natural-history tradition, which dates from Aristotle. Not surprisingly, therefore, ecology can also be traced to natural history, especially its 19th-century tradition emphasizing the adaptive nature of organisms to their environment. During the 20th century, ecology has developed and matured from pioneering work on successional stages to mathematically rich work on ecosystem energetics. By the end of the century, ecology has made a return to its natural-history heritage, emphasizing the importance of the integrity of ecosystems in considering human interactions with the environment. Today, the field of biology includes a vast array of diver- like molecular biology, ecology emerged as a distinct gent and unique subdisciplines, ranging from molecular area in biology only at the turn of the century but very biology to comparative endocrinology. With very few quickly developed its own conventions of biological exceptions, most of these specialty areas were created by discourse. Unlike molecular biology and several other biologists during the 20th century, giving modern biology biological subsciplines, ecology’s roots are buried deep its distinctive and exciting character1. However, before within natural history, the descriptive and often romantic 1900, the field was much different because even the term tradition of studying the productions of nature. biology was seldom used2. Indeed, most of those who studied the plants and animals scattered over the earth’s Perspectives on the natural world before the surface referred to themselves as naturalists: students of 20th century natural history3. -
Geobotany Studies
Geobotany Studies Basics, Methods and Case Studies Editor Franco Pedrotti University of Camerino Via Pontoni 5 62032 Camerino Italy Editorial Board: S. Bartha, Va´cra´tot, Hungary F. Bioret, University of Brest, France E. O. Box, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA A. Cˇ arni, Slovenian Academy of Sciences, Ljubljana (Slovenia) K. Fujiwara, Yokohama City University, Japan D. Gafta, “Babes-Bolyai” University Cluj-Napoca (Romania) J. Loidi, University of Bilbao, Spain L. Mucina, University of Perth, Australia S. Pignatti, Universita degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Italy R. Pott, University of Hannover, Germany A. Vela´squez, Centro de Investigacion en Scie´ncias Ambientales, Morelia, Mexico R. Venanzoni, University of Perugia, Italy For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/10526 About the Series The series includes outstanding monographs and collections of papers on a given topic in the following fields: Phytogeography, Phytosociology, Plant Community Ecology, Biocoenology, Vegetation Science, Eco-informatics, Landscape Ecology, Vegetation Mapping, Plant Conservation Biology and Plant Diversity. Contributions are expected to reflect the latest theoretical and methodological developments or to present new applications at broad spatial or temporal scales that could reinforce our understanding of ecological processes acting at the phytocoenosis and landscape level. Case studies based on large data sets are also considered, provided that they support refinement of habitat classification, conservation of plant diversity, or -
Life-Forms of Terrestrial 'Flowering Plants
ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA EDIDJT SVENSKA VAXTGEOGRAFISKA SALLSKAPET m:1 LIFE-FORMS OF TERRESTRIAL ' FLOWERING PLANTS I BY G. EINAR Du RIETZ UPPSALA 1931 ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOKTRYCKERI AB ' ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA. III. LIFE-FORMS OF TERRESTRIAL FLOWERING PLANTS BY G. EINAR DU RIETZ PRINTED WITH CONTRIBUTION FH.OM LA :\GMAN S KA I{ U LTU HFON DEN UPPSALA 193 1 ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOK'l'RYCKERI-A.-B. Preface. This work is the result of studies carried out during the last twelve years. The field-studies have been made partly in various parts of Scandinavia (Sweden and Norway), partly during a year's work in New Zealand and .Australia in 1926-1927 as well as during shorter visits to various parts of Central and Western Europe, North America, and Java. The material collected in the field has been worked up in the Plant-Biological Institution of Upsala Uni versity. The rich life-form collections of this institution have also been utilized as much as possible. I wish to express my deep gratitude to all those frien�s in various countries who have supported my work in one way or another - they are too many to be enumerated here. l have tried to bring the names of the plants mentioned as much as possible into accordance with the following generally known :florjstic handbooks : For Scandinavia Ho LMBERG 1922-1926, and, for the groups not treated there, LIND- 1\IAN 1926, for Central Europe HEGI 1908--1931, for the eastern part of North .America RoBINSON and FF.RNALD 1908, for Java KooR DERS 191 1-1912, for N�w South Wales MooRE and BE T C H E 1893, for the rest of Australia BENTHAM 1863- 1878, and for New Zealand CHEESEMAN 1925. -
Plants Found in the Middle Parts of the State Grow Here, Excepting the Alpine Flowers
CULTIVATION BOTANY.— Wood grows here [Concord] with great rapidity; and it is supposed there is as much now as there was twenty years ago. Walden woods at the south, and other lots towards the southwest parts of the town, are the most extensive, covering several hundred acres of light-soil land. Much of the fuel, which is consumed, is, however brought from the neighbouring towns. The most common trees are the oak, pine, maple, elm, white birch, chestnut, walnut, &c., &c. Hemlock and spruce are very rare. The ornamental trees transplanted, in this as in most other towns, do not appear to have been placed with much regularity; but as they are, they contribute much to the comfort and beauty of the town. The elm, buttonwood, horse-chestnut, and fruit trees have very properly taken the place of sickly poplars, in ornamenting the dwellings. The large elm in front of the court-house, –the pride of the common,– is almost unrivalled in beauty. It is about “three score and ten,” but is still growing with youthful vigor and uniform rapidity. Dr. Jarvis, who is familiar with the botany of Concord, informs me, that “most of the plants found in the middle parts of the state grow here, excepting the alpine flowers. The extensive low lands produce abundantly the natural families of the aroideæ, typhæ, cyperoideæ, gramineæ, junci, corymbiferæ and unbelliferæ. These genera especially abound. There are also found, the juncus militaris (bayonet rush), on the borders of Fairhaven pond; cornus florida; lobelia carinalis (cardinal flower) abundant on the borders of the river; polygala cruciata, in the east parts of the town; nyssa villosa (swamp hornbeam) at the foot of Fairhaven hill.” The cicuta Americana (hemlock) grows abundant on the intervals. -
Assessing the Costs and Benefits of Native Plant Species
ASSESSING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF NATIVE PLANT SPECIES FOR ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINE RIGHT-OF-WAY REVEGETATION WITHIN THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY POWER SERVICE AREA By Joseph R. Turk Jennifer M. Boyd Neslihan Alp Associate Professor of Biological and Dean of the College of Engineering and Computer Environmental Sciences Science (Chair) (Committee Member) Adam J. Dattilo Graduate Faculty Member of Biological and Environmental Sciences (Committee Member) ASSESSING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF NATIVE PLANT SPECIES FOR ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINE RIGHT-OF-WAY REVEGETATION WITHIN THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY POWER SERVICE AREA By Joseph R. Turk A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Science: Environmental Science The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Tennessee May 2015 ii ABSTRACT The safe operation of electric transmission lines necessitates the suppression of tall, woody vegetation on associated rights-of-way (ROWs). Native warm season grasses (NWSG) are more expensive for ROW revegetation compared to typical exotic cool season grasses (ECSG), but they may alter the successional trajectory such that long-term maintenance costs are reduced. I conducted a cost-benefit analysis to determine if ROW revegetation with NWSG is cost effective compared to ECSG. I synthesized cost information obtained from the Tennessee Valley Authority regarding ROW planting and maintenance and data collected from a feasibility study of ROWs planted with NWSG. Revegetation with NWSG was found to be 6% more expensive than ECSG. The degree of woody suppression to make NWSG a worthwhile investment was found to be 12-21% using a break-even analysis. -
Relationships Between Riparian Vegetation, Hydrology, Climate and Disturbance Across the Western United States
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2016 Relationships between Riparian Vegetation, Hydrology, Climate and Disturbance across the Western United States Nathaniel Hough-Snee Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Hough-Snee, Nathaniel, "Relationships between Riparian Vegetation, Hydrology, Climate and Disturbance across the Western United States" (2016). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 5018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5018 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RIPARIAN VEGETATION, HYDROLOGY, CLIMATE, AND DISTURBANCE ACROSS THE WESTERN UNITED STATES by Nate Hough-Snee A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Ecology Approved: ______________________ ____________________ Joseph M. Wheaton Brett B. Roper Major Professor Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ Nancy J. Huntly Michael L. Scott Committee Member Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ James A. Lutz Mark McLellan Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2016 ii Copyright © Nate Hough-Snee 2016 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Relationships between Riparian Vegetation, Hydrology, Climate and Disturbance across the Western United States by Nate Hough-Snee, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2016 Major Professor: Dr. Joseph M. Wheaton Department: Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center Flow regime, the magnitude, duration and timing of streamflow, controls the development of floodplain landforms on which riparian vegetation communities assemble. -
An Evaluation and Comparison of Alternative Vegetation Classification Systems on the Lubrecht Experimental Forest" (1998)
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1998 An evaluation and comparison of alternative vegetation classification systems on the ubrL echt Experimental Forest Elizabeth M. Bella The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Bella, Elizabeth M., "An evaluation and comparison of alternative vegetation classification systems on the Lubrecht Experimental Forest" (1998). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6882. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6882 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Il s I Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of IVIONTANA Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. ** Please check "Yes” or "No” and provide signature ** Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant pennission _____ Author's Signature (jA îjâ cSt, Date __________________________ Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. AN EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS ON THE LUBRECHT EXPERIMENTAL FOREST by Elizabeth M. -
Trends in the Development of Geographic Botany Author(S): Hugh M
Trends in the Development of Geographic Botany Author(s): Hugh M. Raup Source: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Dec., 1942), pp. 319-354 Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the Association of American Geographers Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2561177 . Accessed: 25/08/2011 14:41 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. and Association of American Geographers are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Annals of the Association of American Geographers. http://www.jstor.org ANNALS of the Association of American Geographers Volume XXXII DECEMBER, 1942 No. 4 Trendsin the Developmentof Geographic Botany HUGH M. RAUP CONTENTS Introduction................................................................. 319 Theophrastusto Humboldt:Floristic Plant Geography.......... .............. 320 Humboldtto Darwin ................ ........................... 324 The Effectsof Darwinismupon Plant Geography.............. ................ 327 CurrentTrends in Plant Geography: FloristicPlant Geography.......................................... -
1 Defining Halophytes: a Conceptual and Historical Approach in an Ecological Frame
1 Defining Halophytes: a Conceptual and Historical Approach in an Ecological Frame Marius-Nicuşor Grigore* Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania Abstract Halophytes have certainly been recognized since the beginning of the 18th century, but subtle earlier allusions to salt-tolerant plants can be found back to 1500. By the time of the French Encyclopédie (1751–1765), and Goethe (1786), consistent data about halophytes had already been accumulated. Halophytes were brought to scientific attention through the classic and iconic papers of the German botanist Schimper, and especially those of the Danish plant ecologist Warming. However, their definitions remain controversial; the lack of a unique def- inition is related mainly to the complex features of this ecological group of plants. There are many definitions of halophytes, and some reflect the scientific background of the researchers who defined them. The ‘historical’ evo- lution of a definition can be delineated, and it especially reflects the progress of accumulating knowledge about halophyte biology. The definition of halophytes is thus manifold. The criteria and the historical context in which their definitions occurred and developed are discussed in detail in this chapter. Special attention is given to textual analysis that reveals the convergent approaches of researchers who used different languages. Ecological perspec- tives in defining halophytes suggest that, although they in fact represent a large ecological group of plants, their common xeromorphic nature must be universally recognized. Keywords: Ecology; Halophytes; Saline environments; Xerophytes 1.1 Historical and Semantic frame, with emphasis on the historical and lin- Evolution of Terms guistic evolution of basic terms. It is well known that the history of botany Many definitions of halophytes now exist. -
53496-Macmillan-Science-Library---Plant-Sciences-Vol.-1(204S).Pdf
plant sciences EDITORIAL BOARD Editor in Chief Richard Robinson Science Educator, Tucson, Arizona [email protected] Associate Editors Robert C. Evans Department of Biology, Rutgers University Wendy Mechaber Arizona Research Laboratories, Division of Neurobiology, University of Arizona Robert S. Wallace Department of Botany, Iowa State University EDITORIAL AND PRODUCTION STAFF Diane Sawinski, Senior Editor Gloria Lam, Editor Mark Mikula, Carol Nagel, Olivia Nellums, Melanie Sanders, Wayne Yang, Contributing Editors Michelle DiMercurio, Senior Art Director Rhonda Williams, Buyer Frances Hodgkins, Proofreader Thérèse Shere, Indexer Mark Plaza, Permissions Assistant Macmillan Reference USA Elly Dickason, Publisher Hélène G. Potter, Editor in Chief Brian Kinsey, Senior Editor ii plant sciences V OLUME 1 Ab–Cl Richard Robinson, Editor in Chief Copyright © 2001 by Macmillan Reference USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permis- sion in writing from the Publisher. Macmillan Reference USA Gale Group 1633 Broadway 27500 Drake Rd. New York, NY 10019 Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Printed in Canada 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Plant sciences / Richard Robinson, editor in chief. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 0-02-865434–X (hardcover : set) — ISBN 0-02–865430-7 (vol. 1) — ISBN 0-02-865431-5 (vol. 2) — ISBN 0-02-865432-3 (vol. 3) — ISBN 0-02-865433-1 (vol. 4) 1. Botany—Juvenile literature. 2. Plants—Juvenile literature. [1.