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Introduced Tree Species in European Forests Opportunities and Challenges

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Introduced Tree Species in European Forests Opportunities and Challenges Introduced tree species in European forests Opportunities and challenges 3 Introduced tree species in European forests IMPRESSUM: Wir danken Winfried Kraus und Andreas Schuck für die sprachliche Überarbeitung und Korrektur der deutschen Fassung. Die deutsche Übersetzung wurde herausgegeben mit Unterstützung des Bundesamtes für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft BAFU (Schweiz), den Bayerischen Staatsforsten (BaySF), dem Kanton Aargau (Schweiz) und dem Landesbetrieb ForstBW. Zitierempfehlung: Kraus D., Krumm F. (Hrsg.) 2013. Integrative Ansätze als Chance für die Erhal- tung der Artenvielfalt in Wäldern. European Forest Institute. 300 S. Layout: design.idee GbR, Büro für Gestaltung, Erfurt Druck: rombach digitale manufaktur, Freiburg Haftungsausschluss: Bei vorliegendem Band handelt es sich um den Abschlussbericht des vom Zentraleuropäischen Regionalbüro des European Forest Institute – EFICENT – durchgeführten Inte- grate-Projekts. Die Inhalte und Meinungen in dieser Veröffentlichung sind allein die der Autoren und entsprechen nicht unbedingt dem Standpunkt des European Forest Institute. ISBN xxx-xxx-xxxx-xx-x (Druckschrift) ISBN xxx-xxx-xxxx-xx-x (pdf-Format) Bildnachweise: Claus Bässler (S. 12), Michele Bozzano (S. 219 rechts), Heinz Bussler (S. 153 rechts, 299), Heinrich Holzer (S. 153 links, Umschlagrückseite Mitte), Heike Kappes (Umschlagrückseite links), Daniel Kraus (Titel, S. 5, 17, 18, 87 links und rechts, 218, 270), Frank Krumm (S. 86), Tomi Muukkonen (S. 152), Juri Nascimbene (Umschlagrückseite rechts), Albert Reif (S. 219 links). 4 Introduced tree species in European forests: Opportunites and challenges 5 Introduced tree species in European forests Contents Contributing authors, drafting comittee and reviews 10 Preface 15 Introduction 16 1 History of introduced and invasive tree species 25 1.1 European tree dynamics and invasions during the Quaternary 26 H. John B. Birks and Willy Tinner 1.2 The history of introduced tree speciesin Europe in a nutshell 50 Bart Nyssen, Uwe Eduard Schmidt, Bart Muys, Pieter Bas van der Lei and Patrick Pyttel 2 From introduced to invasive – the characteristics of invasiveness 63 2.1 Strangers in paradise How culture shapes attitudes towards introduced species 64 Uta Eser 2.2 What determines the invasiveness of tree species in central Europe? 74 Petr Pyšek 2.3 Can we predict whether a species will become invasive? 84 Tina Heger 2.4 Praise and damnation – perceptions towards introduced tree species vary and change with time 92 Uwe Starfinger and Ingo Kowarik 2.5 Co-invasion of invasive trees and their associated belowground mutualists 102 Martin A. Nuñez, Nahuel Policelli and Romina D. Dimarco 2.6 Maximising benefits and minimising harm associated with invasive introduced trees: lessons from South Africa 110 Brian W. van Wilgen 3 Management of introduced and invasive tree species – concepts and approaches 121 3.1 From impact studies to management actions: practicing risk analysis of introduced trees 124 Etienne Branquart, Bram D’hondt, Sonia Vanderhoeven and Sabrina Kumschick 3.2 European databases on invasive alien species 138 Annemarie Bastrup-Birk and Andreas Schuck 3.3 Assessment of invasive tree species in nature conservation and forestry – contradictions and coherence 148 Torsten Vor, Stefan Nehring, Andreas Bolte, Anke Höltermann 6 Contents 3.4 Eradication as an option for managing invasive tree species in protected areas 158 Livia Zapponi, Raffaele Cavalli, Emma Minari and Franco Mason 3.5 Introduced species in Polish National Parks: distribution, abundance and management approaches 168 Anna Gazda and Jerzy Szwagrzyk 3.6 Silvicultural strategies for introduced tree species in northern Italy 178 Fabio Meloni, Renzo Motta, Etienne Branquart, Tommaso Sitzia and Giorgio Vacchiano 3.7 Occurrence of introduced tree and shrub species in Italian regions in relation to the extent of planted and coppiced forests 194 Sabina Burrascano, Laura Celesti-Grapow and Carlo Blasi 3.8 Asian knotweeds – an example of a raising threat? 202 Fanny Dommanget, Paul Cavaillé, André Evette and François-Marie Martin 4 Key aspects of introduced and invasive tree species 213 4.1 Economic aspects of introduced tree species – opportunities and risks 214 Marc Hanewinkel and Jorie Knook 4.2 Importance of species competition and migration limitation for tree distributions during global change 226 Eliane S. Meier and Niklaus E. Zimmermann 4.3 Introduced or native tree species to maintain forest ecosystem services in a hotter and drier future? 236 Andreas Rigling, Arthur Gessler, Linda Feichtinger, Valentin Queloz and Thomas Wohlgemuth 4.4 Pathogens of introduced trees: prospects for biological control 248 Steve Woodward, Alberto Santini and Tuğba Doğmuş 4.5 Introduced tree species in central Europe – consequences for arthropod communities and species interactions 260 Martin M. Gossner 4.6 Introducing tree species in forests and the implications for biodiversity 280 Yann Dumas 5. Case studies of introduced tree species 301 5.1 Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.): from global ecology to local management – a case study from the Czech Republic 302 Michaela Vítková, Jan Pergl and Jiří Sádlo 5.2 Douglas fir in Freiburg City Forest: an introduced tree species in the light of multifunctional management objectives 316 Nicole Schmalfuss and Lucie Vítková 5.3 Quantifying invasiveness of Douglas fir on the basis of natural regeneration in southwestern Germany 326 Anja Bindewald and Hans-Gerhard Michiels 7 Introduced tree species in European forests 5.4 Challenges and opportunities – Sitka spruce in Ireland 340 Padraig O’Tuama, Paddy Purser, Faith Wilson and Áine Ní Dhubháin 5.5 TASMANIAN BLUE GUM IN PORTUGAL – OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS OF A WIDELY CULTIVATED SPECIES 348 Joaquim S. Silva and Margarida Tomé 5.6 Integrating black cherry in forest management in the Netherlands and Belgium 358 Bart Nyssen, Jan den Ouden, Kris Verheyen and Margot Vanhellemont 5.7 The spread of the tree of heaven in Switzerland 370 Jan Wunder, Simon Knüsel, Daniela Gurtner and Marco Conedera 5.8 Eastern white pine in the Czech Republic 382 Pavel Bednář, Petr Vaněk and Lucie Vítková 5.9 Using National Forest Inventories to assess the factors driving invasion in forest ecosystems: the case of silver wattle (Acacia dealbata) and blackwood (A. melanoxylon) in northwestern Spain 392 Laura Hernández, Isabel Cañellas and Ignacio Barbeito 5.10 Management of invasive tree species in the Donau-Auen National Park, Austria 402 Verena Quadt, Gerald Oitzinger and Karoline Zsak Text boxes 410 I. The challenge of Ash-dieback - A conceptual framework for practitioners in the Ortenaukreis (Germany) Daniela Vetter and Bernhard Mettendorf II. Code of Conduct on planted forests: recommended management for intro- duced and invasive tree species Giuseppe Brundu and David M. Richardson III. Insights into certification in relation to introduced and invasive tree species Marion Karmann, Owen Davies and Antonio Brunori IV. Interactions between game fauna and flora Alexander Held and Frank Krumm V. Research gaps for a reliable assessment of the effects of Douglas fir on forest biodiversity Kurt Bollmann and Rolf Holderegger Compilation of key messages 438 Frank Krumm and Lucie Vítková Synthesis 454 Project partners 460 8 9 Introduced tree species in European forests Contributing authors, drafting comittee and reviews authors Ignacio Barbeito, AgroParisTech and INRA, Nancy, France Annemarie Bastrup-Birk, European Environmental Agency (EEA), Denmark Pieter Bas van der Lei, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Pavel Bednář, The Czech Academy of Sciences - Global Change Research Institute, Czech Repu- blic Anja Bindewald, Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Germany H. John B. Birks, Bergen University, Norway and University College London, United Kingdom Carlo Blasi, University of Rome, Italy Kurt Bollmann, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland Andreas Bolte, Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Germany Etienne Branquart, Directorate General for Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Service Public de Wallonie, Belgium Giuseppe Brundu, University of Sassari, Italy Antonio Brunori, PEFC, Italy Sabina Burrascano, University of Rome, Italy Marc Castellnou, Bomberos de Generalitat de Cataluña, Área GRAF, Spain Isabel Cañellas, INIA-CIFOR Madrid, Spain Paul Cavaillé, Université Grenoble Alpes and Irstea, UR EMGR, Centre de Grenoble, France Raffaele Cavalli, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Italy Laura Celesti-Grapow, University of Rome, Italy Marco Conedera, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Cadenazzo, Switzerland Owen Davies, FSC UK, United Kingdom Bram D’hondt, Ghent University, Belgium Romina D. Dimarco, INTA-CONICET, Argentina Tuğba Doğmuş, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Fanny Dommanget, Université Grenoble Alpes and Irstea, UR EMGR, Centre de Grenoble, Fran- ce Yann Dumas, Irstea, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France Uta Eser, Office for Environmental Ethics, Germany André Evette, Université Grenoble Alpes and Irstea, UR EMGR, Centre de Grenoble, France Linda Feichtinger, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland Anna Gazda, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland Arthur Gessler, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland Martin M. Gossner, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
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