Chapter 11: Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment
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The Iron Age Tom Moore
The Iron Age Tom Moore INTRODUCfiON In the twenty years since Alan Saville's (1984) review of the Iron Age in Gloucestershire much has happened in Iron-Age archaeology, both in the region and beyond.1 Saville's paper marked an important point in Iron-Age studies in Gloucestershire and was matched by an increasing level of research both regionally and nationally. The mid 1980s saw a number of discussions of the Iron Age in the county, including those by Cunliffe (1984b) and Darvill (1987), whilst reviews were conducted for Avon (Burrow 1987) and Somerset (Cunliffe 1982). At the same time significant advances and developments in British Iron-Age studies as a whole had a direct impact on how the period was viewed in the region. Richard Hingley's (1984) examination of the Iron-Age landscapes of Oxfordshire suggested a division between more integrated unenclosed communities in the Upper Thames Valley and isolated enclosure communities on the Cotswold uplands, arguing for very different social systems in the two areas. In contrast, Barry Cunliffe' s model ( 1984a; 1991 ), based on his work at Danebury, Hampshire, suggested a hierarchical Iron-Age society centred on hillforts directly influencing how hillforts and social organisation in the Cotswolds have been understood (Darvill1987; Saville 1984). Together these studies have set the agenda for how the 1st millennium BC in the region is regarded and their influence can be felt in more recent syntheses (e.g. Clarke 1993). Since 1984, however, our perception of Iron-Age societies has been radically altered. In particular, the role of hillforts as central places at the top of a hierarchical settlement pattern has been substantially challenged (Hill 1996). -
The Early Medieval Period, Its Main Conclusion Is They Were Compiled at Malmesbury
Early Medieval 10 Early Medieval Edited by Chris Webster from contributions by Mick Aston, Bruce Eagles, David Evans, Keith Gardner, Moira and Brian Gittos, Teresa Hall, Bill Horner, Susan Pearce, Sam Turner, Howard Williams and Barbara Yorke 10.1 Introduction raphy, as two entities: one “British” (covering most 10.1.1 Early Medieval Studies of the region in the 5th century, and only Cornwall by the end of the period), and one “Anglo-Saxon” The South West of England, and in particular the three (focusing on the Old Sarum/Salisbury area from the western counties of Cornwall, Devon and Somerset, later 5th century and covering much of the region has a long history of study of the Early Medieval by the 7th and 8th centuries). This is important, not period. This has concentrated on the perceived “gap” only because it has influenced past research questions, between the end of the Roman period and the influ- but also because this ethnic division does describe (if ence of Anglo-Saxon culture; a gap of several hundred not explain) a genuine distinction in the archaeological years in the west of the region. There has been less evidence in the earlier part of the period. Conse- emphasis on the eastern parts of the region, perhaps quently, research questions have to deal less with as they are seen as peripheral to Anglo-Saxon studies a period, than with a highly complex sequence of focused on the east of England. The region identi- different types of Early Medieval archaeology, shifting fied as the kingdom of Dumnonia has received detailed both chronologically and geographically in which issues treatment in most recent work on the subject, for of continuity and change from the Roman period, and example Pearce (1978; 2004), KR Dark (1994) and the evolution of medieval society and landscape, frame Somerset has been covered by Costen (1992) with an internally dynamic period. -
Open Downland
8. LANDSCAPE TYPE 1: OPEN DOWNLAND Location and Boundaries 8.1. The landscape type encompasses a number of distinct downland blocks from the Marlborough Downs (1A) and Horton Down (1C) in the west running through to the Lambourn Downs (1B) and Blewbury Downs (1D) in the east. Boundaries are mainly defined by topography and the Upper Chalk geology, and in the north relate to the top of the Scarp (landscape type 5). To the south, the edge of the chalk similarly forms a distinct boundary. Overview The Open Downlands are the remote heart and core of the North Wessex Downs, with the dramatic landscapes created by the underlying chalk rocks being one of the defining features of the AONB. The subtle curves and undulations of the landform are revealed by the uniform clothing of cropped grass or cereals creating a landscape with a simple and elemental quality, accentuated by vast skies. The open, expansive views are punctuated by distinctive beech clumps crowning the downland summits, forming prominent and highly visible landmarks. Sparsely populated, the downlands possess a strong sense remoteness and isolation. Predominantly in arable cultivation these are landscapes of great seasonal variation, with muted browns and greys of the chalk and flinty soils in the ploughed autumn fields, giving way to fresh greens of the emerging crops in winter and spring and sweeping yellows and golds of summer. The characteristic close-cropped springy downland turf of the surviving herb-rich chalk grassland provides an important habitat and this landscape type contains the largest areas of designated chalk grassland in the AONB, with 15 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). -
Ecology and Biodiversity
PORTISHEAD BRANCH LINE PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION REPORT VOLUME 2 C HAPTER 9 Ecology and Biodiversity Table of Contents Section Page 9 Ecology and Biodiversity ..................................................................................................... 9-1 9.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 9-1 9.2 Legislation and Policy Framework ................................................................................... 9-2 9.3 Methodology.................................................................................................................... 9-5 9.4 Baseline, Future Conditions, and Importance of Features ............................................ 9-19 9.5 Measures Adopted as Part of the DCO Scheme ............................................................ 9-51 9.6 Assessment of Effects .................................................................................................... 9-52 9.7 Mitigation and Residual Effects ..................................................................................... 9-66 9.8 Cumulative Effects ......................................................................................................... 9-67 9.9 Limitations Encountered in Compiling the PEI Report................................................... 9-68 9.10 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 9-69 9.11 References .................................................................................................................... -
Portishead Branch Line (Metrowest Phase 1)
Portishead Branch Line (MetroWest Phase 1) TR040011 Applicant: North Somerset District Council 6.25, Environmental Statement, Volume 4, Appendix 9.1, Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Part 1 of 2 The Infrastructure Planning (Applications: Prescribed Forms and Procedure) Regulations 2009, regulation 5(2)(a) Planning Act 2008 Author: CH2M Date: November 2019 Notice © Copyright 2019 CH2M HILL United Kingdom. The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of CH2M HILL United Kingdom, a wholly owned subsidiary of Jacobs. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Jacobs constitutes an infringement of copyright. Limitation: This document has been prepared on behalf of, and for the exclusive use of Jacobs’ client, and is subject to, and issued in accordance with, the provisions of the contract between Jacobs and the client. Jacobs accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for, or in respect of, any use of, or reliance upon, this document by any third party. Where any data supplied by the client or from other sources have been used, it has been assumed that the information is correct. No responsibility can be accepted by Jacobs for inaccuracies in the data supplied by any other party. The conclusions and recommendations in this report are based on the assumption that all relevant information has been supplied by those bodies from whom it was requested. Where field investigations have been carried out, these have been restricted to a level of detail required to achieve the stated objectives of the work. This work has been undertaken in accordance with the quality management system of Jacobs. -
Stoke Leigh Iron Age Camp Leigh Woods, North Somerset File:///D:/Users/Ruth/Documents/PC Website/New Test Site/Articles by
Stoke Leigh Iron Age Camp Leigh Woods, North Somerset file:///D:/Users/Ruth/Documents/PC Website/new test site/Articles by ... Leigh Woods, North Somerset Fig 1 Reproduced as a Section from the Stokeleigh OS Map 2005 1:2500 Courtesy of the National Trust (Wessex Region), Leigh Woods Office, Bristol Nigel B.Bain MA, BD May 2009 There is an extensive number of diverse hillforts scattered across the West of England. The phased National Mapping Programme is currently pinpointing even more of these. Stokeleigh is the classic example of one type of hillfort construction popular during the first millennium BC, a ‘promontory’ fort. It is particularly significant in that its sturdy defences are still fairly well-preserved. What is even more remarkable about this impressive site is not only that it remains relatively unscathed 1 of 18 11/09/2020, 12:46 Stoke Leigh Iron Age Camp Leigh Woods, North Somerset file:///D:/Users/Ruth/Documents/PC Website/new test site/Articles by ... but that so little is known or has been written about it. As a result, the National Trust in collaboration with English Heritage and Natural England has recently taken the welcome decision to restore its original profile*. Particular credit must go to Mr Bill Morris, Head Warden at the NT Office in Leigh Woods and his team, for the tremendous work done in clearing the camp of its overgrowth, not to mention his own support for this project. It has been a pleasure to watch the site ‘unfold’. It has made possible the kind of accompanying photographic evidence here as never before. -
Lloyd Morgan, F.R.S
T6uttoalls ann ^tokeleigf) Camps. BY PROFESSOR C. LLOYD MORGAN, F.R.S. ILLIAM BARRETT in his History and Antiquities of the City of Bristol (1789), gives a bird’s eje view of the three camps which overlook the Avon Gorge, near Clifton f and his sketch, incorrect as it undoubtedly is, may serve as an indication of some of their features, at a time when they were comparatively intact. Attributing them, as was in his day the custom, to the Romans, he thus describes what he believed to be their manner of construction. “ The commanding spot on Leigh-down and Clifton Hill, on the very summit of the rock on each side of the river being chosen ; they marked out the compass of the intended camps, allotted a convenient area in each, dug out the four fosses, rose the three ramparts or valla, and with the stones here ready(1) at hand, constructed the high strong walls, heaping the stones together in a very irregular manner, and sloping it gradually to the top, from eighteen or twenty feet at the base, to two or three at the crest, pouring their boiling mortar among the loosely piled stones, which being thin and fluid, insinuated itself into the many openings and hollows of the work, and by its strength, bound together all the irregular pieces of stone into a compact wall, as appears evident at this day.”2 . Barrett, plate 2, p. 18. (2) Barrett, p. 17. Vol. XL VII (Third Series, Vol. VII), Part 11. 2 e 218 Papers, §*c. Separate plans of all three camps are given by Manhj, in his Fugitive Sketches (1802).^ They are probably more correct than Barrett’s bird’s eye view, and were evidently prepared with some care. -
Summer Meadows
WIssue 106 • SUMMERil 2016dlife Summer meadows My Wild Child Walton Common Save our wildflowers Wild play for toddlers Explore the meadows Why we need to in urban parks and meet the Dexters! act now Includes UK news & stories Protecting Wildlife for the Future Welcome Dear member I can’t imagine living in a land with no seasons. I love the changes – and the surprises. This year’s mild winter led to some remarkable early spring flowering, of bluebells, for example. Yet there was late flowering by others, in particular, hawthorn. It was cool and dry for the first half of spring (with a seeming dearth of insects) and then wet, resulting in a completely new mix of early summer blooms. It’s been all-change at the Trust, too. We said farewell to MARK CARWARDINE MARK our inspirational Chief Executive Bevis Watts, who in three years has transformed the Trust (he’s now director of the Roz Kidman Cox ethical bank Triodos but remains a stalwart supporter). Taking Trust Chair his place, arriving with equal energy, comes Ian Barrett: environmentalist, partnership-builder and, very importantly, a member. The Trust is the sum of its members – who often provide practical as well as financial support. So it’s been good to hear from you via the survey about the information you’d like more of. Top of the list is more about reserves. As a member, Ian has already visited most of the reserves, and with this magazine, you’ll find the top-ten reserves guide. Later in the year, watch out for Ian’s news of an exciting new acquisition. -
(2.57 Acres), Subject to Planning
Exciting Development Opportunity approx. 1.04 ha (2.57 acres), subject to planning Former Chippenham Law Courts, Pewsham Way, Chippenham, Wiltshire SN15 3BF Highlights - Freehold - Approximately 2.57 acres (1.04 ha) - Former Law Courts, built circa 1996 - Good road linkages (A4/M4) - Prominent roundabout and road frontage Location Chippenham is an attractive market town and important commercial centre on the M4 corridor. The town is located approximately 14 miles from Bath, 28 miles from Bristol and only three miles south of junction 17 on the M4 motorway. Chippenham Train Station is approximately one mile to the north. The station is on the main London to Bristol railway line with regular services to London Paddington (a journey time of approximately 70 minutes). Bristol Airport is located approximately 30 miles west and Heathrow and Gatwick airports are accessible within 1.5 and two hours respectively. Chippenham is one of the major centres within North Wiltshire and provides an important location for a range of occupiers. Chippenham has a population of 44,820 as at the 2012 census and is administered by Wiltshire Council. It has over the last ten years benefitted from above average employment growth rates. The premises are located on the corner of the A4/Pewsham Way roundabout and benefits from proximity to the A350 and A4 road networks which in turn provide access to the M4 motorway. The premises are situated approximately 0.8 miles south of Chippenham town centre. Surrounding uses include dense residential to the south, north, and east, and agricultural land to the west. Approximate Site Areas (acres) Chippenham Law Courts, car park and surrounding site 2.57 acres (Indicative boundary edged red) Accommodation (approximate area sq ft) Former Law Court (GIA) 26,020 sq ft Description The site consists of a triangular parcel of land totalling approximately 2.57 acres which includes the former law courts. -
Non-Technical Summary
PORTISHEAD BRANCH LI NE PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMAT I O N R E P O R T V O L U M E 1 Non-Technical Summary PORTISHEAD BRANCH LINE PRELIMINARY NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION REPORT, VOLUME 1 Table of Contents Section Page 1 Non-Technical Summary ............................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Study Area .................................................................................................................. 1-3 1.3 Scheme Development and Alternatives Considered ................................................. 1-9 1.4 Description of the Proposed Works ......................................................................... 1-11 1.5 Approach to the Environmental Statement ............................................................ 1-21 1.6 The Planning Framework ......................................................................................... 1-23 1.7 Air Quality ................................................................................................................ 1-24 1.8 Cultural Heritage ...................................................................................................... 1-25 1.9 Ecology and Biodiversity .......................................................................................... 1-28 1.10 Ground Conditions .................................................................................................. -
Download This PDF File
Volume 2 Edited by Howard Williams and Liam Delaney Aims and Scope Offa’s Dyke Journal is a peer-reviewed venue for the publication of high-quality research on the archaeology, history and heritage of frontiers and borderlands focusing on the Anglo-Welsh border. The editors invite submissions that explore dimensions of Offa’s Dyke, Wat’s Dyke and the ‘short dykes’ of western Britain, including their life-histories and landscape contexts. ODJ will also consider comparative studies on the material culture and monumentality of frontiers and borderlands from elsewhere in Britain, Europe and beyond. We accept: 1. Notes and Reviews of up to 3,000 words 2. Interim reports on fieldwork of up to 5,000 words 3. Original discussions, syntheses and analyses of up to 10,000 words ODJ is published by JAS Arqueología, and is supported by the University of Chester and the Offa’s Dyke Association. The journal is open access, free to authors and readers: http://revistas.jasarqueologia.es/index. php/odjournal/. Print copies of the journal are available for purchase from Archaeopress with a discount available for members of the Offa’s Dyke Association: https://www.archaeopress.com/ Editors Professor Howard Williams BSc MA PhD FSA (Professor of Archaeology, University of Chester) Email: [email protected] Liam Delaney BA MA MCIfA (Doctoral Researcher, University of Chester) Email: [email protected] Editorial Board Dr Paul Belford BSc MA PhD FSA MCIfA (Director, Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT)) Andrew Blake (AONB Officer, Wye Valley -
Wellesley Road
WELLESLEY ROAD Conservation Area Appraisal Consultation Draft May 2018 WELLESLEY ROAD l 2 Foreword I am pleased to present the draft Wellesley Road Conservation Area Appraisal. Wellesley Road and its surrounding streets are an important part of Chiswick and a valuable part of the heritage of the borough. This draft appraisal builds on the original conservation statements for Hounslow’s conservation areas and has been reviewed as part of a comprehensive review of Hounslow’s conservation area statements. The purpose of the appraisal is to provide an overview of historic developments and key components that contribute to the special interest. This appraisal will also identify positive and negative contributors as well as opportunities for improvement in order to inform a comprehensive understanding of the conservation area. The regeneration of the Great West Corridor and Brentford East offers the opportunity to improve the west end of Chiswick High Road through high quality new development and improved public realm. We KRSHWKLVGRFXPHQWZLOOSOD\DVLJQL¿FDQWUROHLQWKHIXWXUHPDQDJHPHQWRI:HOOHVOH\5RDG&RQVHUYDWLRQ Area and will be a guide for developers, residents and planners. We look forward to hearing your views on the draft appraisal and will amend this where appropriate, following consultation. Steve Curran Councillor Steve Curran Leader of the Council and Cabinet Member for Corporate Strategy, Planning and Regeneration WELLESLEY ROAD l 3 Executive Summary Presented here is the consultation draft version of the Wellesley Road Conservation Area Appraisal. The purpose of a conservation area appraisal is to provide an overview of the historic development of the area and to describe the key components that contribute to the special interest of the area.