Season Two - Divergent Mind - 2020 - 2021
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The Ins and Outs of Circadian Timekeeping Steven a Brown* and Ueli Schibler†
gd9507.qxd 11/10/1999 12:14 PM Page 588 588 The ins and outs of circadian timekeeping Steven A Brown* and Ueli Schibler† Recent research in Drosophila and in mammals has generated The mechanism by which light signals entrain the clock is fascinating new models for how circadian clocks in these another topic of intense interest, and will be our other focus. organisms are reset by light and how these clocks, in turn, direct circadian outputs. Though light perception by the central clock is Central clock mechanisms: a brief summary ocular in mammals, it probably proceeds via a mechanism In all cases examined to date, circadian clocks have been separate from traditional visual transduction. In Drosophila, one cell-autonomous: a single cell can generate and maintain mechanism is non-ocular and is in fact present in many different self-sustained circadian oscillations. The molecular basis tissues. In both organisms, the cryptochrome family of for these rhythms may rely on a negative feedback loop in photoreceptor-like molecules plays a role in the circadian clock, which clock proteins negatively regulate their own abun- though their function is incompletely understood. Moreover, dance or activity. This regulation may occur both at the although a master clock resides in the brain, a functional clock transcriptional and at the post-transcriptional level. For appears to reside in most cells of the body. In these tissues, at example, in the bread mold Neurospora crassa, the Fre- least some output genes are controlled at the transcriptional quency protein negatively regulates its own transcription level directly by clock proteins; others appear to be regulated by by interfering with the ability of the White-collar-1 and cascades of circadian transcription factors. -
WO 2013/096741 A2 27 June 2013 (27.06.2013) P CT
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2013/096741 A2 27 June 2013 (27.06.2013) P CT (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agents: GEORGE, Nikolaos C. et al; Jones Day, 222 A61K 35/12 (2006.01) East 41st Street, New York, NY 10017-6702 (US). (21) International Application Number: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every PCT/US20 12/07 1192 kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (22) Date: International Filing BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, 2 1 December 2012 (21 .12.2012) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (25) Filing Language: English HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, (26) Publication Language: English ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (30) Priority Data: NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, 61/579,942 23 December 201 1 (23. 12.201 1) US RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, 61/592,350 30 January 2012 (30.01.2012) US TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, 61/696,527 4 September 2012 (04.09.2012) us ZM, ZW. (71) Applicant: ANTHROGENESIS CORPORATION (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every [US/US]; 33 Technology Drive, Warren, NJ 07059 (US). -
A Radix-4 Chrestenson Gate for Optical Quantum Computation
A Radix-4 Chrestenson Gate for Optical Quantum Computation Kaitlin N. Smith, Tim P. LaFave Jr., Duncan L. MacFarlane, and Mitchell A. Thornton Quantum Informatics Research Group Southern Methodist University Dallas, TX, USA fknsmith, tlafave, dmacfarlane, mitchg @smu.edu Abstract—A recently developed four-port directional coupler is described in Section III followed by the realization of the used in optical signal processing applications is shown to be coupler with optical elements including its fabrication and equivalent to a radix-4 Chrestenson operator, or gate, in quantum characterization in Section IV. Demonstration of the four-port information processing (QIP) applications. The radix-4 qudit is implemented as a location-encoded photon incident on one of coupler as a radix-4 Chrestenson gate is presented in Section V the four ports of the coupler. The quantum informatics transfer and a summary with conclusions is found in Section VI. matrix is derived for the device based upon the conservation of energy equations when the coupler is employed in a classical II. QUANTUM THEORY BACKGROUND sense in an optical communications environment. The resulting transfer matrix is the radix-4 Chrestenson transform. This result A. The Qubit vs. Qudit indicates that a new practical device is available for use in the The quantum bit, or qubit, is the standard unit of information implementation of radix-4 QIP applications or in the construction for radix-2, or base-2, quantum computing. The qubit models of a radix-4 quantum computer. Index Terms—quantum information processing; quantum pho- information as a linear combination of two orthonormal basis tonics; qudit; states such as the states j0i and j1i. -
The Fine Structure of the Parathyroid Gland*
The Fine Structure of the Parathyroid Gland* BY JERRY STEVEN TRIER, M.D. (From the Department of Anatomy, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle) PLATES 3 TO 10 (Received for publication, July 29, 1957) ABSTRACT The fine structure of the parathyroid of the macaque is described, and is cor- related with classical parathyroid cytology as seen in the light microscope. The two parenchymal cell types, the chief cells and the oxyphil cells, have been recognized in electron mierographs. The chief cells contain within their cyto- plasm mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies similar to those found in other endocrine tissues as well as frequent PAS-positive granules. The juxtanuclear body of the light microscopists is identified with stacks of parallel lamellar elements of the endoplasmic rcticulum of the ergastoplasmic or granular type. Oxyphll cells are characterized by juxtanuclear bodies and by numerous mito- chondria found throughout their cytoplasm. Puzzling lamellar whorls are described in the cytoplasm of some oxyphil cells. The endothelium of parathyroid capillaries is extremely thin in some areas and contains numerous fenestrations as well as an extensive system of vesicles. The possible significance of these structures is discussed. The connective tissue elements found in the perivascular spaces of macaque parathyroid are described. INTRODUCTION Other contributions to the present concepts con cerning the human parathyroid can be found in the It is the purpose of the present paper to report some observations on the fine structure of the reports of Bergstrand (7), Morgan (34), Pappen- parathyroid gland employing the electron micro- heimer and Wilens (45), Castleman and Mallory (10), and Gilmour (20). -
Electrical Characterisation of Ion Implantation Induced Defects in Silicon Based Devices for Quantum Applications
Electrical Characterisation of Ion Implantation Induced Defects in Silicon Based Devices for Quantum Applications Aochen Duan Supervised by Professor Jeffrey C. McCallum and Doctor Brett C. Johnson School of Physics The University of Melbourne Australia 1 Abstract Quantum devices that leverage the manufacturing techniques of silicon-based classical computers make them strong candidates for future quantum computers. However, the demands on device quality are much more stringent given that quantum states can de- cohere via interactions with their environment. In this thesis, a detailed investigation of ion implantation induced defects generated during device fabrication in a regime relevant to quantum device fabrication is presented. We identify different types of defects in Si using various advanced electrical characterisation techniques. The first experimental technique, electrical conductance, was used for the investigation of the interface state density of both n- and p-type MOS capacitors after ion implantation of various species followed by a rapid thermal anneal. As precise atomic placement is critical for building Si based quantum computers, implantation through the oxide in fully fabricated devices is necessary for some applications. However, implanting through the oxide might affect the quality of the Si/SiO2 interface which is in close proximity to the region in which manipulation of the qubits take place. Implanting ions in MOS capacitors through the oxide is a model for the damage that might be observed in other fabricated devices. It will be shown that the interface state density only changes significantly after a fluence of 1013 ions/cm2 except for Bi in p-type silicon, where significant increase in interface state density was observed after a fluence of 1011 Bi/cm2. -
Technology-Dependent Quantum Logic Synthesis and Compilation
Southern Methodist University SMU Scholar Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations Electrical Engineering Fall 12-21-2019 Technology-dependent Quantum Logic Synthesis and Compilation Kaitlin Smith Southern Methodist University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/engineering_electrical_etds Part of the Other Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Kaitlin, "Technology-dependent Quantum Logic Synthesis and Compilation" (2019). Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations. 30. https://scholar.smu.edu/engineering_electrical_etds/30 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electrical Engineering at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. TECHNOLOGY-DEPENDENT QUANTUM LOGIC SYNTHESIS AND COMPILATION Approved by: Dr. Mitchell Thornton - Committee Chairman Dr. Jennifer Dworak Dr. Gary Evans Dr. Duncan MacFarlane Dr. Theodore Manikas Dr. Ronald Rohrer TECHNOLOGY-DEPENDENT QUANTUM LOGIC SYNTHESIS AND COMPILATION A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the Lyle School of Engineering Southern Methodist University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy with a Major in Electrical Engineering by Kaitlin N. Smith (B.S., EE, Southern Methodist University, 2014) (B.S., Mathematics, Southern Methodist University, 2014) (M.S., EE, Southern Methodist University, 2015) December 21, 2019 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful for the many people in my life who made the completion of this dissertation possible. First, I would like to thank Dr. Mitch Thornton for introducing me to the field of quantum computation and for directing me during my graduate studies. -
Arxiv:Quant-Ph/0512071 V1 9 Dec 2005 Contents I.Ipoeet Ntekmprotocol KLM the on Improvements III
Linear optical quantum computing Pieter Kok,1,2, ∗ W.J. Munro,2 Kae Nemoto,3 T.C. Ralph,4 Jonathan P. Dowling,5,6 and G.J. Milburn4 1Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK 2Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Filton Road Stoke Gifford, Bristol BS34 8QZ, UK 3National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan 4Centre for Quantum Computer Technology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia 5Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, LSU, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 6Institute for Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Texas A&M University (Dated: December 9, 2005) Linear optics with photo-detection is a prominent candidate for practical quantum computing. The protocol by Knill, Laflamme and Milburn [Nature 409, 46 (2001)] explicitly demonstrates that efficient scalable quantum computing with single photons, linear optical elements, and projec- tive measurements is possible. Subsequently, several improvements on this protocol have started to bridge the gap between theoretical scalability and practical implementation. We review the original proposal and its improvements, and we give a few examples of experimental two-qubit gates. We discuss the use of realistic components, the errors they induce in the computation, and how they can be corrected. PACS numbers: 03.67.Hk, 03.65.Ta, 03.65.Ud Contents References 36 I. Quantum computing with light 1 A. Linear quantum optics 2 B. N-port interferometers and optical circuits 3 C. Qubits in linear optics 4 I. QUANTUM COMPUTING WITH LIGHT D. Early optical quantum computers and nonlinearities 5 Quantum computing has attracted much attention over II. -
The Islet Ghrelin Cell 52:1 R35–R49 Review
N WIERUP and others The islet ghrelin cell 52:1 R35–R49 Review The islet ghrelin cell Nils Wierup, Frank Sundler and R Scott Heller1 Correspondence should be addressed Unit of Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmo¨ , Lund University Diabetes Centre, to N Wierup Clinical Research Centre, Scania University Hospital, Jan Waldenstro¨ ms gata 35, SE 205 02 Malmo¨ , Sweden Email 1Imaging Team, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK2760 Ma˚ løv, Denmark [email protected] Abstract The islets of Langerhans are key regulators of glucose homeostasis and have been known Key Words as a structure for almost one and a half centuries. During the twentieth century several " ghrelin different cell types were described in the islets of different species and at different " islet developmental stages. Six cell types with identified hormonal product have been described " ghrelin cell so far by the use of histochemical staining methods, transmission electron microscopy, " pancreas and immunohistochemistry. Thus, glucagon-producing a-cells, insulin-producing b-cells, " human somatostatin-producing d-cells, pancreatic polypeptide-producing PP-cells, serotonin- " rat producing enterochromaffin-cells, and gastrin-producing G-cells have all been found in the " mouse mammalian pancreas at least at some developmental stage. Species differences are at hand " diabetes and age-related differences are also to be considered. Eleven years ago a novel cell type, " development the ghrelin cell, was discovered in the human islets. Subsequent studies have shown the presence of islet ghrelin cells in several animals, including mouse, rat, gerbils, and fish. The developmental regulation of ghrelin cells in the islets of mice has gained a lot of interest and several studies have added important pieces to the puzzle of molecular mechanisms and the genetic regulation that lead to differentiation into mature ghrelin cells. -
Arxiv:1903.12615V1
Encoding an oscillator into many oscillators Kyungjoo Noh,1, 2, ∗ S. M. Girvin,1, 2 and Liang Jiang1, 2, y 1Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA 2Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA Gaussian errors such as excitation losses, thermal noise and additive Gaussian noise errors are key challenges in realizing large-scale fault-tolerant continuous-variable (CV) quantum information processing and therefore bosonic quantum error correction (QEC) is essential. In many bosonic QEC schemes proposed so far, a finite dimensional discrete-variable (DV) quantum system is encoded into noisy CV systems. In this case, the bosonic nature of the physical CV systems is lost at the error-corrected logical level. On the other hand, there are several proposals for encoding an infinite dimensional CV system into noisy CV systems. However, these CV-into-CV encoding schemes are in the class of Gaussian quantum error correction and therefore cannot correct practically relevant Gaussian errors due to established no-go theorems which state that Gaussian errors cannot be corrected by Gaussian QEC schemes. Here, we work around these no-go results and show that it is possible to correct Gaussian errors using GKP states as non-Gaussian resources. In particular, we propose a family of non-Gaussian quantum error-correcting codes, GKP-repetition codes, and demonstrate that they can correct additive Gaussian noise errors. In addition, we generalize our GKP-repetition codes to an even broader class of non-Gaussian QEC codes, namely, GKP-stabilizer codes and show that there exists a highly hardware-efficient GKP-stabilizer code, the two-mode GKP-squeezed-repetition code, that can quadratically suppress additive Gaussian noise errors in both the position and momentum quadratures. -
WO 2015/168656 A2 5 November 2015 (05.11.2015) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2015/168656 A2 5 November 2015 (05.11.2015) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (72) Inventors: HSIAO, Sonny; 1985 Pleasant Valley Avenue, A61K 48/00 (2006.01) Apartment 7, Oakland, CA 9461 1 (US). LIU, Cheng; 24 N Hill Court, Oakland, CA 94618 (US). LIU, Hong; 5573 (21) International Application Number: Woodview Drive, El Sobrante, CA 94803 (US). PCT/US20 15/02895 1 (74) Agents: GIERING, Jeffery, C. et al; Wilson Sonsini (22) International Filing Date: Goodrich & Rosati, 650 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 1 May 2015 (01 .05.2015) 94304-1050 (US). (25) Filing Language: English (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (26) Publication Language: English kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (30) Priority Data: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, 61/988,070 2 May 2014 (02.05.2014) US DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (71) Applicant: ADHEREN INCORPORATED [US/US]; HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, 1026 Rispin Drive, Berkeley, CA 94705 (US). KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, (72) Inventors; and PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (71) Applicants : TWITE, Amy, A. -
G53NSC and G54NSC Non Standard Computation Research Presentations
G53NSC and G54NSC Non Standard Computation Research Presentations March the 23rd and 30th, 2010 Tuesday the 23rd of March, 2010 11:00 - James Barratt • Quantum error correction 11:30 - Adam Christopher Dunkley and Domanic Nathan Curtis Smith- • Jones One-Way quantum computation and the Measurement calculus 12:00 - Jack Ewing and Dean Bowler • Physical realisations of quantum computers Tuesday the 30th of March, 2010 11:00 - Jiri Kremser and Ondrej Bozek Quantum cellular automaton • 11:30 - Andrew Paul Sharkey and Richard Stokes Entropy and Infor- • mation 12:00 - Daniel Nicholas Kiss Quantum cryptography • 1 QUANTUM ERROR CORRECTION JAMES BARRATT Abstract. Quantum error correction is currently considered to be an extremely impor- tant area of quantum computing as any physically realisable quantum computer will need to contend with the issues of decoherence and other quantum noise. A number of tech- niques have been developed that provide some protection against these problems, which will be discussed. 1. Introduction It has been realised that the quantum mechanical behaviour of matter at the atomic and subatomic scale may be used to speed up certain computations. This is mainly due to the fact that according to the laws of quantum mechanics particles can exist in a superposition of classical states. A single bit of information can be modelled in a number of ways by particles at this scale. This leads to the notion of a qubit (quantum bit), which is the quantum analogue of a classical bit, that can exist in the states 0, 1 or a superposition of the two. A number of quantum algorithms have been invented that provide considerable improvement on their best known classical counterparts, providing the impetus to build a quantum computer. -
Nomenclatore Per L'anatomia Patologica Italiana Arrigo Bondi
NAP Nomenclatore per l’Anatomia Patologica Italiana Versione 1.9 Arrigo Bondi Bologna, 2016 NAP v. 1.9, pag 2 Arrigo Bondi * NAP - Nomenclatore per l’Anatomia Patologica Italiana Versione 1.9 * Componente Direttivo Nazionale SIAPEC-IAP Società Italiana di Anatomia Patologica e Citodiagnostica International Academy of Pathology, Italian Division NAP – Depositato presso S.I.A.E. Registrazione n. 2012001925 Distribuito da Palermo, 1 Marzo 2016 NAP v. 1.9, pag 3 Sommario Le novità della versione 1.9 ............................................................................................................... 4 Cosa è cambiato rispetto alla versione 1.8 ........................................................................................... 4 I Nomenclatori della Medicina. ........................................................................................................ 5 ICD, SNOMED ed altri sistemi per la codifica delle diagnosi. ........................................................... 5 Codifica medica ........................................................................................................................... 5 Storia della codifica in medicina .................................................................................................. 5 Lo SNOMED ............................................................................................................................... 6 Un Nomenclatore per l’Anatomia Patologica Italiana ................................................................. 6 Il NAP .................................................................................................................................................