DOCSLIB.ORG

Release of Confiscated Raptors in Indonesia by Suaka Elang

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Release of Confiscated Raptors in Indonesia by Suaka Elang 88 BirdingASIA 27 (2017): 88–93 CONSERVATION REPORT Release of confiscated raptors in Indonesia by Suaka Elang (Raptor Sanctuary): protocols and progress to date GUNAWAN, ZULHAM, HENDRY PRAMONO, DJAMALUDIN, ANNISA YUNIAR, KANTHI HARDINA, SRI MULYATI, KUSWANDONO & IKA KRISTIANA Introduction and BlackBerry Messenger) as their marketing In the wild, raptors have a role as flagship species media, and data on illegal trading through social (Sergio et al. 2008) and as indicators of the health media compiled by Suaka Elang showed that more of ecosystems (Rodríguez-Estrella et al. 1998, than 2,470 raptors were offered for sale in this way Poirazidis et al. 2007). Most species are threatened between January and December 2015 (Table 1) and by illegal trade, hunting, habitat loss and the use there appear to be raptor hobby groups (falconers’ of pesticides (Bildstein et al. 1998, Rodríguez- groups) in most cities. Estrella et al. 1998, Nijman 2000, Supriatna 2012). One of the main reasons for the extent of There are 71 species of diurnal raptors, including the trade is the weak law enforcement against 10 endemic species, in Indonesia (Sukmantoro the illegal traders, illegal owners and hunters of et al. 2007). All diurnal raptors are protected by protected wildlife. However, even the inadequate Indonesian law (Noerdjito & Maryanto 2001) but enforcement efforts by government do result in the illegal hunting and illegal trading of all avian confiscation of captive birds and these require the species for pets are unfortunately still rampant in best possible rehabilitation. Indonesia, and hunting for trade is one of the main causes of extinction. Much of the trade in raptors Suaka Elang—The Raptor Sanctuary in bird markets is conducted underground because The Suaka Elang (Raptor Sanctuary) Association most of the people involved know that the birds are was set up on 21 November 2007. It is composed protected by law (Haryanta et al. 2011). However, of five government institutions, six NGOs and some raptor traders use social media (Facebook one corporate supporter, Chevron Geothermal Table 1. Summary of raptors offered for sale, rescued and released. Number offered Rescued by Released by for sale online Suaka Elang Suaka Elang Species (January–December 2015) (2008–2015) (2009–2015) Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus 534 Changeable Hawk Eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus 380 17 3 Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus 319 1 Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus 241 1 1 Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela 217 19 12 White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster 172 Spotted Kestrel Falco moluccensis 146 Javan Hawk Eagle Nisaetus bartelsi 127 16 6 Grey-headed Fish Eagle Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus 94 Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis 70 1 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 44 Rufous-bellied Eagle Hieraaetus kienerii 26 Chinese Goshawk Accipiter soloensis 22 Oriental Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus 20 2 Japanese Sparrowhawk Accipiter gularis 17 Black-thighed Falconet Microhierax fringillarius 13 Black Kite Milvus migrans 10 1 Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes 9 Swamp Harrier Circus approximans 7 Osprey Pandion haliaetus 2 Grey-faced Buzzard Butastur indicus 1 Total number 2,471 58 22 BirdingASIA 26 (2016): 43–46 89 Salak. The site for the sanctuary was selected in 2008: it is located in the east of Gn Halimun Salak National Park, Loji, Bogor district, west Java. The sanctuary has a staff of six, three of them working part-time for Suaka Elang as a contribution from their institutions. However, whenever there is a big public/publicity event, volunteers from universities and birdwatching clubs help as part of the supporting team. The objectives of the Suaka Elang project are to take responsibility for the fate of confiscated captive raptors and where possible give birds a chance of freedom and to play their role in the wild; to support government efforts to raise raptor populations in the wild; to provide media material to raise public awareness of the need for conservation; and for training purposes (Gunawan et al. 2015). Increased public awareness creates a new set of problems— how best to treat and look after these birds. A ‘rehabilitation for release’ programme is the most popular and acceptable choice for an aware public, rather than ongoing captivity or euthanasia. The sanctuary receives raptors confiscated by Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam, other agencies and birds brought in or surrendered by the public (Plate 1). Other conservation projects in west Java DOC. GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NP have experienced problems such as the theft of Plate 2. Young visitors looking at the occupants of a display birds for return to the trade, e.g. the theft of 151 cage, 18 May 2017. Black-winged Starlings Acridotheres melanopterus then transferred to the rescue centre, which is also from the Cikananga Conservation Breeding Centre equipped with medical facilities (these areas are in June 2014, but to date Suaka Elang has had no closed to the public). Display enclosures (4 × 6 × raptors stolen from their site. 3 m) house birds that after assessment have been Facilities at the sanctuary include a public classified as unsuitable for release. Visitors can information centre, rescue centre and avian access these enclosures for conservation education enclosures. Small transit cages (3 × 2 × 2 m) are purposes; to minimise stress on the birds, they can used as temporary accommodation after rescue or only be viewed through small windows on one side when a bird is brought in by local people. Birds are of the enclosure (Plate 2). Pre-release enclosures Plate 1. This evidently very tame Crested Serpent Eagle (8 × 20 m, varying in height between 2.5–8 m) Spilornis cheela was voluntarily handed in to Suaka Elang by its are used for birds that have passed the criteria for former owner, 11 June 2013. rehabilitation and release phase in the rescue centre (Plate 3). There are also habituation enclosures (3 × 4 × 2 m), which are portable and normally set up at release sites to house a raptor prior to release, allowing the bird to recover after transportation and become familiar with its new surroundings. Suaka Elang release programme protocol In many countries, most wild birds are rescued and rehabilitated after an injury, but in Indonesia most rescued raptors originate from illegal captivity and illegal trading. However, victims of illegal trade also need rehabilitation before release into their natural environment. Although release is the most acceptable option, regrettably, due to their poor physical condition and behavioural problems, not all rescued raptors can be released, and euthanasia DOC. GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NP or continued captivity have to be considered (Moore DOC. GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NP 90 Release of confiscated raptors in Indonesia by Suaka Elang (Raptor Sanctuary): protocols and progress to date Social behaviour assessment: in their natural environment, wildlife will avoid conflict with other individuals or other species, and associations are not formed with humans. However, in captivity they are forced to adapt and usually become conditioned to, or even dependent on, the owner— in some cases they have been trained for falconry activities (Plate 4). Consequently, we believe that it is most important to assess the extent of the bird’s conditioning and dependence on humans. Release site assessment: although animals should ideally be released where they were first DOC. GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NP caught, the origin of an illegally traded raptor Plate 3. A typical pre-release cage at Suaka Elang in 2017. It was is hard to trace and release locations used are constructed in 2008 and has been in use ever since, 18 May 2017. based on the natural distribution of the species et al. 2014). Suaka Elang has developed a release in Indonesia (Figure 1). The proposed release site programme for confiscated raptors and this paper assessment is equally important to minimise the summarises the protocols developed to assess risk of failure. Four parameters are used to assess the suitability of individuals to be included in the the suitability of a new release site: habitat type, release project. prey availability, nesting facilities and threats to Individual health assessment: confiscated survival. Habitat type: raptor species have different raptors are given a medical check and spend a habitat requirements and the chosen site must hold period in quarantine before being passed to Suaka a sufficiency of optimum habitat. Three factors Elang. This ensures that only healthy raptors are that determine the site suitability are habitat and prepared for potential release. Birds are checked vegetation type, and availability of water resources. again before release to ensure that they do not Prey availability: this is also important to determine present a hazard to the natural population. It is the feasibility of a possible release location. We mandatory that the veterinarian’s assessment of need to know the variety and abundance in the physical condition and freedom from parasites and chosen locality of the wildlife forms on which the the laboratory analysis results confirming freedom species normally depends. Variety of potential from avian influenza and Newcastle disease (a prey is important for a newly released raptor, to contagious viral disease affecting domestic and help it fine tune its skills. Nesting habitat: we hope wild birds, and transmissible to humans) are that released raptors will breed in the wild, and attached to the release recommendation letter availability of good nesting habitat is one of the required by the government. important requirements of the release site. Again, Behavioural assessment: this includes requirements are species-specific and include an assessment of an individual’s basic avian skills, hunting capability and social behaviour. Plate 4. A Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus newly arrived Obviously, released raptors must have basic flying at Suaka Elang; the leather ring on the bird’s foot suggests that it had been used by falconers, 16 April 2017. and perching skills, including the critical skill of manoeuvrability, easily lost by a caged bird due to lack of practice.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Some Ecological Aspects of Crested Serpent Eagle
    TAPROBANICA , ISSN 1800-427X. October, 2012. Vol. 04, No. 02: pp. 77-82. © Taprobanica Private Limited, 146, Kendalanda, Homagama, Sri Lanka. BREEDING ECOLOGY OF THE CRESTED SERPENT EAGLE Spilornis cheela (LATHAM, 1790) (AVES: ACCIPITRIFORMES: ACCIPITRIDAE) IN KOLLI HILLS, TAMIL NADU, INDIA Sectional Editor: Sujan Henkanaththegedara Submitted: 24 January 2012, Accepted: 27 June 2012 Varadarajan Gokula Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, National College, Tiruchirappalli 620001, Tamil Nadu, India; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The breeding ecology of the crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela), focusing on nest-site selection, food habits, and perch-site preference, was studied in the Kolli Hills of Tamil Nadu, India, from May 2005 to May 2010. Thirty-two active nests were located, with nest-site details collected from 27 nests that were accessible. The crested serpent eagle did not construct new nests, but did renew or alter old nests, mainly in December. Both sexes were involved in the nest renewal activities. The clutch size was one, the mean incubation period was 41.5 days, and the mean fledging period was 64.5 days. Nests were found largely along riverine patches. The results indicate the mature and less disturbed riverine forests with large sized trees are critical for the breeding and conservation of this species. The food habits of the eagle were known from prey items brought into the nest by the adult to feed the chick and prey items fed on by the adult. In total, 173 feeding observations were made and the prey items belonged to 17 species of vertebrates. The crested serpent eagle largely preferred reptiles, which accounted for 74% of their diet, followed by birds, which accounted for 18% of their diet.
    [Show full text]
  • Bald Eagles 101 Name ______
    Bald Eagles 101 Name __________________________ Go to the Science Spot (http://sciencespot.net/) and click “Kid Zone” to find the link for the “Links for Eagle Days” page! Site: Eagles to the Nest Click “Lesson 1: Bald Eagles 101” and choose “Who Are They?” 1. How many species of eagles are found around the world? _________ 2. The term raptor comes from the Latin word for ________________, which stems from the term “rapture” meaning “____ _________ _____ _________ ________.” 3. Search the page to find the answers to each question. 1st Group - Sea and Fish Eagles (1) How many species belong to this group? ______ (2) Where do they live? _________________________________________________________ (3) What do they like to eat? ____________________________________________________ 2nd Group - Snake Eagles (1) How many species belong to this group? ______ (2) What do they eat? _________________________________________________________ (3) Where can you find these eagles? ___________________________________________ 3rd Group - Harpy Eagles (1) How many species belong to this group? ______ (2) Where do they live? _________________________________________________________ (3) What do they eat? __________________________________________________________ 4th Group - Booted Eagles (1) What do they eat? __________________________________________________________ (2) What one characteristic do all booted eagles have in common? _______________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Identify each eagle by its group using SF for Sea and Fish eagles, S for Snake eagles, H for Harpy eagles, and B for Booted eagles. _____ American Bald Eagle _____ Harpy Eagle _____ Golden Eagle _____ Bateleur _____ Crested Serpent Eagle _____ Steller’s Sea Eagle _____ Black Solitary Eagle _____ Ayres’ Hawk Eagle 4. Where are bald eagles found? ______________________________________________________ 5. Which is larger: a female or male bald eagle? ______________________________________ 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimations Relative to Birds of Prey in Captivity in the United States of America
    ESTIMATIONS RELATIVE TO BIRDS OF PREY IN CAPTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA by Roger Thacker Department of Animal Laboratories The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210 Introduction. Counts relating to birds of prey in captivity have been accomplished in some European countries; how- ever, to the knowledge of this author no such information is available in the United States of America. The following paper consistsof data related to this subject collected during 1969-1970 from surveys carried out in many different direc- tions within this country. Methods. In an attempt to obtain as clear a picture as pos- sible, counts were divided into specific areas: Research, Zoo- logical, Falconry, and Pet Holders. It became obvious as the project advanced that in some casesthere was overlap from one area to another; an example of this being a falconer working with a bird both for falconry and research purposes. In some instances such as this, the author has used his own judgment in placing birds in specific categories; in other in- stances received information has been used for this purpose. It has also become clear during this project that a count of "pets" is very difficult to obtain. Lack of interest, non-coop- eration, or no available information from animal sales firms makes the task very difficult, as unfortunately, to obtain a clear dispersal picture it is from such sourcesthat informa- tion must be gleaned. However, data related to the importa- tion of birds' of prey as recorded by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife is included, and it is felt some observa- tions can be made from these figures.
    [Show full text]
  • A Trait Dataset for Taiwan's Breeding Birds
    Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e49735 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e49735 Data Paper A trait dataset for Taiwan's breeding birds Pei-Yu Tsai‡, Chie-Jen Ko §,|, Chia Hsieh¶#, Yi-Ting Su , Ya-Jung Lu‡, Ruey-Shing Lin§, Mao-Ning Tuanmu¤ ‡ Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan § Endemic Species Research Institute, Jiji, Nantou, Taiwan | Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ¶ BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, United States of America # Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ¤ Thematic Center for Systematics and Biodiversity Informatics, Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Corresponding author: Mao-Ning Tuanmu ([email protected]) Academic editor: Cynthia Parr Received: 30 Dec 2019 | Accepted: 08 May 2020 | Published: 19 May 2020 Citation: Tsai P-Y, Ko C-J, Hsieh C, Su Y-T, Lu Y-J, Lin R-S, Tuanmu M-N (2020) A trait dataset for Taiwan's breeding birds. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e49735. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e49735 Abstract Background Species traits affect how a species interacts with the environment and other species and thus determine the role of the species in an ecosystem. They affect not only population dynamics of a species across space and over time, but also community structure and function through their key role in the community assembly processes. Information on species traits is also highly relevant for conservation planning as they determine the adaptive ability of a species in the face of environmental changes. However, information on species traits is usually scarce and sparsely distributed amongst diverse types of literature and sources.
    [Show full text]
  • O Juvenile Plumage of Javan Crested Honey Buzzard, with Comments On
    Sexing of juvenile Montagu’s Harrier tributed and less evenly spaced, creating a pale blackish-brown. In nestlings, the iris is perhaps ‘boomerang’ (like in juvenile Pallid Harrier similarly coloured as the pupil or a shade paler; C macrourus ) more often than in juvenile male. after fledging, the iris becomes gradually paler The dark secondaries are darker on the underside but, throughout the first year, it is still brown (cf and, on average, also darker on the upperside, Clarke 1996, Forsman 1999). with more obvious dark bars. On the upperwing, the primaries are generally darker, with a less grey Acknowledgements wash and less obvious pale primary base; con- I thank Daniele Aliffi, Maurizio Azzolini, Valerio sequently, in flight, there is a less obvious contrast Cappello, Carmela Cardelli, Roberto Gildi, between the dark secondaries and the pale prima- Marcello Grussu, Carmelo Iapichino and Marco ry base. As already described, the axillaries and Preziosi for their help; and the bird hospitals I the greater underwing-coverts have distinct dark visited for permitting me to photograph the in- marks. Only rarely, these marks are less distinct, jured Montagu’s Harriers in their care. with a pattern similar to that of juvenile male. The white rump-patch is normally more extensive, References broader than in juvenile male. The tail is in most Clarke, R 1996. Montagu’s Harrier. Chelmsford. cases darker than in juvenile male, with darker Forsman, D 1995. Field identification of female and rectrices having darker and more obvious bars, juvenile Montagu’s and Pallid Harriers. Dutch Birding 17: 41-54. especially on the outer rectrices.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantifying the Global Legal Trade in Live CITES-Listed Raptors and Owls
    Electronic Supplementary Material (Panter et al. 2019) Electronic Supplementary Material for: Quantifying the global legal trade in live CITES-listed raptors and owls for commercial purposes over a 40-year period Published in 2019 in Avocetta 43(1) :23-36; doi: https://doi.org/10.30456/AVO.2019104 Authors: Connor T. Panter1,*, Eleanor D. Atkinson1, Rachel L. White1 1 School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom. * Corresponding author: [email protected] List of contents: ESM 1 - Appendix A. CITES source categories with associated definitions. ESM 2 - Appendix B. CITES Trade Purposes categories with associated definitions. ESM 3 - Appendix C. CITES Importer and Exporter countries with total reported imported and exported individuals of raptors and owls. ESM 4 - Appendix D. Raptor and owl exporter countries supplying the Japanese trade in live birds for commercial use. ESM 5 - Appendix E. Percentages of number of traded species within global IUCN Red List categories and population trends. ESM 6. Imported raptor species, number of imported individuals and percentage of total imported raptor individuals. ESM 7. Exported raptor species, number of exported individuals and percentage of total exported raptor individuals. ESM 8. Imported owl species, number of imported individuals and percentage of total imported owl individuals. ESM 9. Exported owl species, number of exported individuals and percentage of total exported owl individuals. 1 Electronic Supplementary Material (Panter et al. 2019) ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL (ESM) ESM 1 - Appendix A. CITES source categories with associated definitions. *The CITES Trade Database does not provide information regarding whether birds declared as “wild- caught” were derived from legal or illegal activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Biology of the Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis Cheela Hoya in Kenting National Park, Taiwan Ta-Ching Chou, Pei-Fen Lee and Huisheng Chen
    Chancellor, R. D. & B.-U. Meyburg eds. 2004 Raptors Worldwide WWGBP/MME Breeding Biology of the Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela hoya in Kenting National Park, Taiwan Ta-Ching Chou, Pei-Fen Lee and Huisheng Chen ABSTRACT The Crested Serpent Eagle Spilomis cheela is widely distributed in the Oriental region. These snake-eating eagles generally soar above the hill ridges and cry noisily in the low hill country on Taiwan, making them conspicuous, but their nests have rarely been found and described. We located twelve serpent eagle nests between 1995 and 2002 in Kenting National Park, southern Taiwan. All nest trees were standing in the creek valleys. Both evergreen broadleaf and hard-leaf trees were used as nest trees. All nests were built on top of vines, and thus concealed from both researchers and predators alike. Only females were observed to incubate the eggs. Only one egg was laid and one eaglet fledged from each of these nests. The breeding success was 92% for all twelve pairs observed. Two forms of juvenile plumage were observed, dark and light. The plumage of the dark form juveniles was very similar to their parents and is not described in any references. INTRODUCTION The snake-eating Spilornis serpent eagles are endemic to the Oriental region. Due to their high soaring behaviour and loud vocalization, they are easily located in the wild, but the biology of this genus is poorly studied (Brown & Amadon 1968). Only four individual Crested Serpent Eagle nests were reported in northern Taiwan during the past decade (Lin et al. 1998 ). Knowledge of the breeding biology and habitat requirements of all Spilornis serpent eagles in Asia, necessary for future management and conservation measures, is in essence not available.
    [Show full text]
  • Javan Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus Bartelsi Stresemann, 1924 on SOUTHERN PART of WEST JAVA
    FINAL REPORT STATUS, DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION Javan Hawk-eagle Spizaetus bartelsi Stresemann, 1924 ON SOUTHERN PART OF WEST JAVA Andi P. Setiadi Zaini Rakhman Pupung F. Nurwatha Muchammad Muchtar Wahyu Raharjaningtrah CREDIT REPORTED BY Andi. P. Setiadi, Zaini Rakhman, Pupung F. Nurwatha, Muchammad Muchtar & Wahyu Raharjaningtrah MAIN CONTRIBUTOR Yusron Saaroni (YPAL); Gana Hendarsah, Ahmad I. Juniarto, Henry A. Singer, Yuvan Hadian, Firman Hadi (HIMBIO-UNPAD) EDITOR Dr. Erri N. Megantara (Jurusan Biologi UNPAD); Resit Sözer MSc; Iwan Setiawan; Dr. Dewi M. Prawiradilaga (FFI-IP); Vincent Nijman (UVA). PHOTO Andri Setiawan, Andi P Setiadi, Zaini Rakhman (YPAL); Yuvan Hadian (HIMBIO-UNPAD); Takeheshi Kato( Gunzo-sha). ILUSTRATION Dwija Putra, Vincent Nijman SPONSOR BirdLife International British Petroleum FFI International @ Yayasan pribumi Alam Lestari, 2000 ISBN 979-9319-03-X CITATION Setiadi, A.P., Z. Rakhman, P.F. Nurwatha, M. Muchtar and W. Raharjaningtrah. 2000. Status, Distribution, Population, Ecology and Conservation Javan Hawk-eagle Spizaetus bartelsi, Stresemann 1924 On Southern Part of West Java. Final Report BP/FFI/BirdLife International/YPAL-HIMBIO UNPAD, Bandung. Publication of this document was supported by THE GIBBON FOUNDATION P.O.Box 7610 JKP Jakarta 10076 Indonesia i PREFACE Yayasan Pribumi Alam Lestari (YPAL = Indigenous Nature Conservation Society) in collaboration with Biological Student Association (Himbio) University of Padjadjaran Bandung were finished the first year of 'the Javan Hawk-eagle conservation programme' at south part of West Java. The project was conducted since March 1998 until June 1999. The activities of the programme were distribution and population surveys, some ecological aspects and conservation action. This final report presenting the results of distribution and population surveys and some aspects of its ecology, includes of it were behaviour, home range and nest's habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Accipitridae Species Tree
    Accipitridae I: Hawks, Kites, Eagles Pearl Kite, Gampsonyx swainsonii ?Scissor-tailed Kite, Chelictinia riocourii Elaninae Black-winged Kite, Elanus caeruleus ?Black-shouldered Kite, Elanus axillaris ?Letter-winged Kite, Elanus scriptus White-tailed Kite, Elanus leucurus African Harrier-Hawk, Polyboroides typus ?Madagascan Harrier-Hawk, Polyboroides radiatus Gypaetinae Palm-nut Vulture, Gypohierax angolensis Egyptian Vulture, Neophron percnopterus Bearded Vulture / Lammergeier, Gypaetus barbatus Madagascan Serpent-Eagle, Eutriorchis astur Hook-billed Kite, Chondrohierax uncinatus Gray-headed Kite, Leptodon cayanensis ?White-collared Kite, Leptodon forbesi Swallow-tailed Kite, Elanoides forficatus European Honey-Buzzard, Pernis apivorus Perninae Philippine Honey-Buzzard, Pernis steerei Oriental Honey-Buzzard / Crested Honey-Buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus Barred Honey-Buzzard, Pernis celebensis Black-breasted Buzzard, Hamirostra melanosternon Square-tailed Kite, Lophoictinia isura Long-tailed Honey-Buzzard, Henicopernis longicauda Black Honey-Buzzard, Henicopernis infuscatus ?Black Baza, Aviceda leuphotes ?African Cuckoo-Hawk, Aviceda cuculoides ?Madagascan Cuckoo-Hawk, Aviceda madagascariensis ?Jerdon’s Baza, Aviceda jerdoni Pacific Baza, Aviceda subcristata Red-headed Vulture, Sarcogyps calvus White-headed Vulture, Trigonoceps occipitalis Cinereous Vulture, Aegypius monachus Lappet-faced Vulture, Torgos tracheliotos Gypinae Hooded Vulture, Necrosyrtes monachus White-backed Vulture, Gyps africanus White-rumped Vulture, Gyps bengalensis Himalayan
    [Show full text]
  • The Illegal Trade of Indonesian Raptors Through Social Media
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KUKILA Kukila 20, 2017 Social media and illegal trade in Indonesian raptors 1 The illegal trade of Indonesian raptors through social media GUNAWAN1, AHMAD PARIDI1 AND RICHARD A. NOSKE2 1Perkumpulan Suaka Elang, Perum. Indraprasta, Jl. Samiaji 3, no.10, Bantarjati, Bogor, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]; 2Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia. Summary. The use of social media in Ringkasan. Penggunaan media sosial telah Indonesia is changing traditional trading merubah metode perdagangan di methods in the country, and this extends to Indonesia, dan hal ini juga memperluas the sale of protected wildlife such as jangkauan penjualan satwaliar dilindungi raptors. Between January and December seperti raptor. Antara bulan Januari dan 2015 the authors monitored 38 Facebook Desember 2015 penulis melakukan groups and recorded 2,471 individuals monitoring terhadap 38 grup Facebook dan from 21 diurnal raptor species being mencatat 2471 ekor dari 21 jenis raptor offered for sale. Most were juveniles, and yang ditawarkan, yang sebagian besar the Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus pada usia remaja, di mana Elang Tikus was the most frequently offered species. Elanus caeruleus adalah jenis yang paling The peak of raptor trading was in July and sering ditawarkan. Perdagangan raptor August, coincident with the breeding paling banyak terjadi pada bulan Juli dan season of most raptors as many birds are Agustus di mana hal ini berkaitan dengan taken as nestlings. Regular scrutiny of musim berbiak, karena sebagian besar social media sites and increased punitive raptor diambil pada saat masih di sarang.
    [Show full text]
  • Flight Identification of European Raptors Steen Christensen, Bent Pors Nielsen, R
    Flight identification of European raptors Steen Christensen, Bent Pors Nielsen, R. F. Porter and Ian Willis INTRODUCTION Identification of birds of prey in flight will always be a problem. The best of us will never be able to feel completely confident about a group of species that shows such diversity of plumage, whose sil­ houettes vary in different circumstances and for which the challenge of identification is so often at considerable range. We four have been studying flight identification of raptors for at least seven years— mostly in Europe, but also in Asia and Africa. A chance meeting in autumn 1968 between B.P.N, and R.F.P. at the now legendary Camlica Hills of the Turkish Bosphorus brought the Danish and English teams together and it was agreed to co-operate in a series of papers covering all the European raptors. Shortly afterwards, the editors of British Birds asked us to consider publication in this journal and so the scheme was born. The series will be completed in eight parts: PART I PART 5 Buzzard Buteo buteo buteo Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus and Steppe Buzzard B. b. vulpinus Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus Black Vulture Aegypius monacbus Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo hgopus Griffon Vulture Gyps fukus Honey Buzzard Perm's apivorus PART Z PART 6 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus Gyr Falcon Fako rustkolus Bonelli's Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus Saker Fako cherrug Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus Lanner Fako biarmicus Osprey Pandion bsliaetus Peregrine Fako peregrinus Red Kite Milvus milvus
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of Serpent and Hawk Eagle Species, Their
    1 The taxonomy, status and conservation of serpent eagles (Circaetnae) and booted eagles 2 (Aquilinae). 3 4 M.J. McGrady Natural Research Ltd, Banchory, Scotland; L. Kiff Peregrine Fund Boise, Idaho, USA; J. 5 O. Gjershaug Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway; J. Parry-Jones International 6 Centre for Birds of Prey, Newent, England; A. Gamauf Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria; T. 7 Yamazaki Asian Raptor Research and Conservation Network, Japan 8 9 Abstract Serpent and booted eagles as groups are generally imperilled. Eagles within these groups 10 often have small population sizes, limited distribution (sometimes confined to islands), and occupy 11 habitats (especially tropical forests in Asia and Africa) under threat. In addition, the ecology of many of the 12 species in these groups is not well known and this undermines conservation efforts. As a first step in 13 understanding which species should be made a conservation priority we aimed to assemble the dispersed 14 data on population size and conservation status, main conservation threats and main on-going 15 conservation activities. Because of new taxonomy resulting from recent genetic work, we made some 16 effort to clarify species nomenclature within the context of the main aims of assembling the data. We 17 review information from a variety of sources for 61 eagle species in the (current and historical) genera: 18 Eutriorchis, Spilornis, Pithecophaga, Terathopius, Circaetus, Dryotriorchis, Nisaetus, Stephanoatus, 19 Spizaetus, Hieraaetus, Polemaetus, Lophaetus, Lophotriorchis, Ictinaetus, and Aquila. In reviewing all 20 species in these groups we sought also to identify species where relatively low cost solutions to 21 conservation problems might be applied.
    [Show full text]