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Architectural Spolia and Urban Transformation in Rome from the Fourth to the Thirteenth Century
Patrizio Pensabene Architectural Spolia and Urban Transformation in Rome from the Fourth to the Thirteenth Century Summary This paper is a historical outline of the practice of reuse in Rome between the th and th century AD. It comments on the relevance of the Arch of Constantine and the Basil- ica Lateranensis in creating a tradition of meanings and ways of the reuse. Moreover, the paper focuses on the government’s attitude towards the preservation of ancient edifices in the monumental center of Rome in the first half of the th century AD, although it has been established that the reuse of public edifices only became a normal practice starting in th century Rome. Between the th and th century the city was transformed into set- tlements connected to the principal groups of ruins. Then, with the Carolingian Age, the city achieved a new unity and several new, large-scale churches were created. These con- struction projects required systematic spoliation of existing marble. The city enlarged even more rapidly in the Romanesque period with the construction of a large basilica for which marble had to be sought in the periphery of the ancient city. At that time there existed a highly developed organization for spoliating and reworking ancient marble: the Cos- matesque Workshop. Keywords: Re-use; Rome; Arch of Constantine; Basilica Lateranensis; urban transforma- tion. Dieser Artikel bietet eine Übersicht über den Einsatz von Spolien in Rom zwischen dem . und dem . Jahrhundert n. Chr. Er zeigt auf, wie mit dem Konstantinsbogen und der Ba- silica Lateranensis eine Tradition von Bedeutungsbezügen und Strategien der Spolienver- wendung begründet wurde. -
Sacred Image, Civic Spectacle, and Ritual Space: Tivoli’S Inchinata Procession and Icons in Urban Liturgical Theater in Late Medieval Italy
SACRED IMAGE, CIVIC SPECTACLE, AND RITUAL SPACE: TIVOLI’S INCHINATA PROCESSION AND ICONS IN URBAN LITURGICAL THEATER IN LATE MEDIEVAL ITALY by Rebekah Perry BA, Brigham Young University, 1996 MA, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2006 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2011 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences This dissertation was presented by Rebekah Perry It was defended on October 28, 2011 and approved by Franklin Toker, Professor, History of Art and Architecture Anne Weis, Professor, History of Art and Architecture Bruce Venarde, Professor, History Alison Stones, Professor, History of Art and Architecture ii Copyright © by Rebekah Perry 2011 iii SACRED IMAGE, CIVIC SPECTACLE, AND RITUAL SPACE: TIVOLI’S INCHINATA PROCESSION AND ICONS IN URBAN LITURGICAL THEATER IN LATE MEDIEVAL ITALY Rebekah Perry, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2011 This dissertation examines the socio-politics of urban performance and ceremonial imagery in the nascent independent communes of late medieval Lazio. It explores the complex manner in which these central Italian cities both emulated and rejected the political and cultural hegemony of Rome through the ideological and performative reinvention of its cult icons. In the twelfth century the powerful urban center of Tivoli adopted Rome’s grandest annual public event, the nocturnal Assumption procession of August 14-15, and transformed it into a potent civic expression that incorporated all sectors of the social fabric. Tivoli’s cult of the Trittico del Salvatore and the Inchinata procession in which the icon of the enthroned Christ was carried at the feast of the Assumption and made to perform in symbolic liturgical ceremonies were both modeled on Roman, papal exemplars. -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome
Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome ................................................................ 4 Mystical Rome Credits .................................................................................... 5 Target Audience ............................................................................................ 5 Rating and Descriptors: R ............................................................................... 5 Mystical Rome Inspiration ............................................................................... 6 Mystical Rome Budget .................................................................................... 7 Mystical Rome Archetypes ............................................................................... 7 Artisan .................................................................................................... 7 Barbarian ................................................................................................. 9 Bureaucrat ..............................................................................................10 Clergy ....................................................................................................11 Criminal ..................................................................................................12 Druid ......................................................................................................13 Gladiator .................................................................................................14 -
'The Influence of Geography on the Development of Early Rome'
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. 1 ‘The Influence of Geography on the Development of early Rome’ A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Master of Arts in History; School of Humanities At Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand Matthew Karl Putt 2018 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 1: Ancient Sources ................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2: The Geography of Rome and its Environs .......................................................... 12 Chapter 3: The Hills of Rome ............................................................................................. 20 Chapter 4: The Valleys of Rome ........................................................................................ 30 Chapter 5: The Tiber River ................................................................................................. 38 Chapter 6: The Infrastructure of Early Rome ...................................................................... 51 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 61 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................... -
Livy: the Horatii & Curiatii
Livy: The Horatii & Curiatii 1 Introduction to Livy Livy’s history begins with the earliest foundations of Rome and ends Titus Livius, known to us today as Livy, was born in 59 BC in with the death of Drusus in 9 BC. Northern Italy in the town of Patavium (modern day Padua) and died in AD 17. Athough we know little of Livy’s own life, Seneca (4 BC – Although we do not know the particularities about Livy’s AD 65), a Roman writer and philosopher, tells us that he studied education and exactly when he came to Rome, it is likely that the the philosophy and other traditional subjects. Unlike many educated majority of his education took place in Patavium. Due to the civil Romans, we have no record of Livy aiming at a political career wars ravaging Rome and all of Italy, it would have been unsafe to because no records exist of his holding any public office. Much of travel through Italy and subsequently to expose a young boy to the Livy’s life was devoted to writing his history of Rome, Ab Urbe upheaval that was occurring in Rome. Thus Livy probably arrived to Condita. However, it is important to note that many significant and Rome, either to finish his studies under a rhetor, or simply to utilize influential events occurred during Livy’s lifetime: the Civil War the more extensive libraries available there in order to find sources for between Caesar and Pompey and the subsequent battles that led to the his history. At that time, Livy would have come to a more peaceful downfall of the Republic and the establishment of the Empire with the Rome, rejuvenated by the end of years of civil strife, the victory of reign of Augustus. -
Exclusive Group Experiences
EXCLUSIVE GROUP EXPERIENCES IN ROME Welcome to Rome’s most glamorous addresses, the renowned Hotel de Russie and its vibrant sister property, Hotel de la Ville. Boasting stunning central locations separated by a short stroll, these distinct yet complementary hotels offer a gateway to the Eternal City’s endless charms and luxurious refuge from its bustling crowds. At Rocco Forte’s invitation, discover Rome’s unique culture and cuisine with guided tours, private views and exclusive access to the city’s most prestigious venues. Then unwind with a spa treatment, enjoy a cocktail masterclass or host an unforgettable occasion. Overlooking the Piazza del Popolo, Hotel de Russie is a tranquil oasis where the glitterati gather for traditional aperitivo and refined Roman cuisine. With elegant, light-filled rooms and capacious open-air terraces – including our famed Secret Garden – the hotel’s stylish surrounds can host every ilk of event, from intimate private dinners to lavish launch parties. Sitting atop the Spanish Steps, Hotel de la Ville embodies life in Rome. Grand gatherings of up to 150 guests can be held within our enchanting courtyard with its signature candy-striped decor, while our beautiful banquet rooms and buzzy rooftop bar are perfect for more intimate celebrations. Drawing on local expertise and the singular service synonymous with the Rocco Forte name, our concierge will work with you to create illustrious events and curate custom experiences, from wine tastings to treasure hunts, to help you experience la dolce vita as only the -
Roman Aristocracy and the Palatine Hill's Appropriated Memory
Providence College DigitalCommons@Providence History & Classics Undergraduate Theses History & Classics 12-15-2015 Mons Maiorum: Roman Aristocracy and the Palatine Hill's Appropriated Memory Charles T. Rainville III Providence College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_undergrad_theses Part of the History Commons Rainville III, Charles T., "Mons Maiorum: Roman Aristocracy and the Palatine Hill's Appropriated Memory" (2015). History & Classics Undergraduate Theses. 16. https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_undergrad_theses/16 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History & Classics at DigitalCommons@Providence. It has been accepted for inclusion in History & Classics Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Providence. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mons Maiorum: Roman Aristocracy and the Palatine Hill's Appropriated Memory by Charles T. Rainville III HIS 490 History Honors Thesis Department of History Providence College Fall 2015 To My Parents and Sister for always supporting me, and Cailin for never letting me quit, Thank you. Acknowledgements This work would not have been possible if not for the tireless patience, dedication, and willingness to work with me exhibited by Professor Fred Drogula, throughout this two semester process. Not only has he taught me to argue effectively on paper what seems so clear in my own mind, he has most importantly made me a more confident writer and self-critic. These are invaluable lessons I hope to bring to my graduate studies and to greater academia. His own exhaustive well of knowledge on all things ancient and Roman is not only an invaluable benefit to Providence College, but to the field of Roman history as a whole; it has been a privilege to work with Professor Drogula. -
Sulla's Tabularium
Sulla’s Tabularium by Sean Irwin A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Architecture Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2010 © Sean Irwin 2010 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This thesis examines the Tabularium in Rome. Very little is written about this building, despite its imposing size and commanding location at the juncture of the Forum Roma- num and the two crests of the Capitoline hill. It remains a cipher, unconsidered and unexplained. This thesis provides an explanation for the construction of the Tabularium consonant with the building’s composi- tion and siting, the character of the man who commissioned it, and the political climate at the time of its construction — reconciling the Tabularium’s location and design with each of these factors. Previous analyses of the Tabularium dwelt on its topo- graphic properties as a monumental backdrop for the Forum to the exclusion of all else. This thesis proposes the Tabularium was created by the dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla as a military installation forging an architectural nexus between political and religious authority in Rome. The Tabularium was the first instance of military architec- ture behind the mask of a civic program — a prototype for Julius and Augustus Caesar’s monumental interventions in the Forum valley. iii Acknowledgments First, I wish to convey my appreciation to my parents. -
Strategic Intramural Building in Rome from the 4Th–7Th C. AD
Spatial ‘Christianisation’ in Context: Strategic Intramural Building in Rome from the 4th–7th c. AD Michael Mulryan Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 020 4 ISBN 978 1 78491 021 1 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and M Mulryan 2014 Cover Image: detail of apse mosaic of S. Prassede, Rome. Pope Paschal I holding a model of the church. Detail of author photo. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by CMP (UK) Ltd This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Table of Contents Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................i 0. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 1 0.1 Problems of Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 4 0.2 Historiography ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 1. Building a Titulus-Basilica in Late -
ROME HOTEL EDEN Two Day Itinerary: Parks & Gardens for All Its Ancient Sites and Attractions, Rome Has an Equal Number of Beautiful Parks and Gardens
ROME HOTEL EDEN Two day itinerary: Parks & Gardens For all its ancient sites and attractions, Rome has an equal number of beautiful parks and gardens. They may not make the front of as many postcards, but these green spaces carry just as much character, history and beauty as the city’s famous buildings. From landscaped lawns and botanical greenhouses to the stunning estates of noble manor houses, discover the best parks and gardens in Rome with this two-day itinerary. Day One Start the day with a 25-minute drive to Vatican City. GARDENS OF VATICAN CITY T: 006 6988 4676 | 00120 Vatican City Behind St Peter’s Basilica lies the lesser-known Gardens of Vatican City. Used since the 13th century by Popes and cardinals as a peaceful refuge, the beautiful gardens now cover around a third of the state. They are largely private, but visitors can enjoy an exclusive sneak peek of the grounds by booking a guided tour. Then, take a 10-minute drive to the American Academy. THE GARDENS AT THE AMERICAN ACADEMY T: 006 58461 | American Academy, Via Angelo Masina 5, 00153 Roma Atop Janiculum Hill you’ll find 11 acres of organically-cultivated gardens. The two main gardens are those surrounding the Mercedes and Sid R. Bass Garden and Villa Aurelia. Bass is a typically Roman space surrounded by 17th century defence walls and filled with fruit tree orchards, flower and vegetable patches. Villa Aurelia, meanwhile, is best known for its grand fountains and impressive views over the city. Walk down the hill to Orto Botanico, at its base. -
Daisy Miller, by Henry James - the 1879 Version Vs
Daisy Miller, by Henry James - The 1879 version vs. the 1909 version The following is a comparison of the 1879 first book version of Daisy Miller: A Study with the New York edition of 1909, for which James made extensive revisions. The changes that James made in revising for the New York Edition are indicated as follows: deletions are in struck-out black; insertions are in underlined black. Readers are advised that the text below was prepared using Microsoft Word's comparison feature and that the results have not been proofread thoroughly. The etext of the 1909 version, used here with slight modifications, was proofread before being posted on "the Henry James scholar's Guide to Web Sites." The 1879 version is based, with slight modifications, on the Project Gutenberg etext. Some formatting conventions used in these etexts are retained in the version presented below: words in ALL CAPS are words italicized for emphasis by James; accent marks in foreign words are removed. As in the "scholar's Guide" etext, italics for foreign words and other purposes are indicated by underscores: _tete-a-tete_. Richard D. Hathaway, preparer of this text for "the Henry James scholar's Guide to Web Sites" Excerpt from James's Preface to Volume 18 of the New York Edition: It was in Rome during the autumn of 1877; a friend then living there but settled now in a South less weighted with appeals and memories happened to mention--which she might perfectly not have done--some simple and uninformed American lady of the previous winter, whose young daughter, a child of nature and of freedom, accompanying her from hotel to hotel, had "picked up" by the wayside, with the best conscience in the world, a good-looking Roman, of vague identity, astonished at his luck, yet (so far as might be, by the pair) all innocently, all serenely exhibited and introduced: this at least till the occurrence of some small social check, some interrupting incident, of no great gravity or dignity, and which I forget.