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Strategic Intramural Building in Rome from the 4Th–7Th C. AD

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Strategic Intramural Building in Rome from the 4Th–7Th C. AD Spatial ‘Christianisation’ in Context: Strategic Intramural Building in Rome from the 4th–7th c. AD Michael Mulryan Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 020 4 ISBN 978 1 78491 021 1 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and M Mulryan 2014 Cover Image: detail of apse mosaic of S. Prassede, Rome. Pope Paschal I holding a model of the church. Detail of author photo. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by CMP (UK) Ltd This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Table of Contents Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................i 0. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 1 0.1 Problems of Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 4 0.2 Historiography ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 1. Building a Titulus-Basilica in Late Antique Rome .......................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Building in the Republic and Earlier Empire ............................................................................................................ 9 1.2 Christian Building in the Late Empire .................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 The Evolution of the State Building Bureaucracy from Diocletian to Sixtus III ...................................................... 11 1.4 The System in Practice .......................................................................................................................................... 14 1.4.1 An Imperial Building Contract in Late Antiquity: The Reconstruction of the pons Probi and the Rebuilding of the Basilica to St. Paul ............................................................................................................... 15 1.4.2 The Titulus Vestinae ..................................................................................................................................... 17 1.4.3 Other Christian Building .............................................................................................................................. 18 1.4.3.1 Aristocratic Lay Patronage .................................................................................................................. 18 1.4.3.2 Clerical Building Managers or Founders ............................................................................................. 20 1.4.3.3 Patronage by the Bishop ...................................................................................................................... 21 1.4.3.4 Imperial Patronage .............................................................................................................................. 23 1.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................ 24 2. Christian Basilicas and Baths ....................................................................................................................................... 25 2.1 A Water-Filled City. The Balnea. ............................................................................................................................. 27 2.1.1 Case Studies ................................................................................................................................................ 27 2.1.1.1 Donated Bath-Baptisteries? ................................................................................................................. 27 2.1.1.2 The Balnea-Basilica .............................................................................................................................. 28 2.1.1.2.1 Titulus Pudentis .......................................................................................................................... 29 2.1.1.2.2 Basilica Eudoxia ........................................................................................................................... 31 2.1.1.2.3 Titulus Sanctae Caeciliae ............................................................................................................. 33 2.2 Christian Basilicas and Imperial Thermae ............................................................................................................. 34 2.2.1 Thermae Antoninianae ................................................................................................................................. 35 2.2.2 Thermae Diocletiani ..................................................................................................................................... 38 2.2.3 Thermae Traiani and Suranae....................................................................................................................... 40 2.2.3.1 Thermae Traiani .................................................................................................................................. 40 2.2.3.2 Thermae Suranae ................................................................................................................................ 41 2.3 Early Medieval Church Baths ................................................................................................................................ 41 2.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................ 42 3. Striving for Attention ................................................................................................................................................... 43 3.1 The Christian basilica on the Main Road ............................................................................................................... 43 3.2 Clustering off Main Roads ..................................................................................................................................... 44 3.2.1 Titulus Iulii trans Tiberim and S. Chrysogoni along the Via Aurelia .............................................................. 44 3.2.2 Titulus Fasciolae and Basilica Crescentiana off the Via Appia ...................................................................... 45 3.3 Encroachment onto/into Public Spaces ................................................................................................................ 47 3.3.1 Apsidal Road Encroachment......................................................................................................................... 47 3.3.1.1 Titulus Marci ........................................................................................................................................ 48 3.3.1.2 Titulus Marcelli .................................................................................................................................... 50 3.3.1.3 S. Maria in via Lata ............................................................................................................................... 50 3.3.2 Encroachment onto Public Spaces/Roads .................................................................................................... 53 3.3.2.1 Titulus Sancti Laurentii in Lucina ........................................................................................................ 53 3.3.2.2 Santa Maria Maggiore ........................................................................................................................ 56 3.3.2.3 Oratory/Arian Basilica of the ‘Monte della Giustizia’ .......................................................................... 57 3.3.2.4 The Oratory of the Holy Cross at the Lateran ...................................................................................... 58 3.4 Entrances on Main Roads ..................................................................................................................................... 59 3.4.1 Titulus Gai/S. Susanna ................................................................................................................................. 59 3.4.2 Titulus Pudentis/S. Pudenziana .................................................................................................................... 61 3.4.3 Titulus Mattheus/S. Matteo ........................................................................................................................ 62 3.4.4 Titulus Fasciolae/SS. Nereo ed Achilleo ....................................................................................................... 63 3.4.5 Titulus Vestinae/S. Vitale .............................................................................................................................. 63 ii 3.5 Reuse of Prestige Public Buildings .......................................................................................................................
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