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Studien Zur Germania Sacra STUDIEN ZUR GERMANIA SACRA NEUE FOLGE 10 STUDIEN ZUR GERMANIA SACRA NEUE FOLGE 10 HERAUSGEGEBEN VON DER AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN ZU GÖTTINGEN UNTER DER LEITUNG VON HEDWIG RÖCKELEIN REDAKTION JASMIN HOVEN-HACKER BÄRBEL KRÖGER NATHALIE KRUPPA CHRISTIAN POPP DE GRUYTER AKADEMIE FORSCHUNG JENSEITS DES KÖNIGSHOFS BISCHÖFE UND IHRE DIÖZESEN IM NACHKAROLINGISCHEN OSTFRÄNKISCH- DEUTSCHEN REICH (850–1100) HERAUSGEGEBEN VON ANDREAS BIHRER UND STEPHAN BRUHN DE GRUYTER AKADEMIE FORSCHUNG Dieser Band wurde durch die Fritz Thyssen Stiftung und die Gemeinsame Wissenschaftskon- ferenz (GWK) im Rahmen des Akademienprogramms mit Mitteln des Bundes und des Landes Niedersachsen gefördert. ISBN 978-3-11-065293-2 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-065449-3 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-065494-3 ISSN 0585-6035 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019945468 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Druck: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen www.degruyter.com VORWORT Der vorliegende Sammelband ist aus der Tagung „Jenseits des Königshofs. Bischöfe und ihre Diözesen im nachkarolingischen ostfränkisch-deutschen Reich (850–1100)“ hervorgegangen, die vom 12. bis 14. Oktober 2016 im In- ternationalen Begegnungszentrum (IBZ) der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel stattfand. Veranstaltet wurde die Konferenz von der Professur für Geschichte des frühen und hohen Mittelalters sowie für Historische Grund- wissenschaften am Historischen Seminar der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Akademieprojekt ,Germania Sacra. Die Kirche des Alten Reiches und ihre Institutionen‘ in Göttingen. Unser Dank gilt zunächst der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung, die nicht nur die Tagung finanziert, sondern durch die Gewährung von Hilfskraftmitteln auch die Publikation der Beiträge unterstützt hat. Dass freilich aus einer ersten Idee der Herausgeber ein ganzer Sammelband erwachsen konnte, ist wesentlich den Referentinnen und Referenten zu verdanken, welche nicht nur durch ihre Beiträge, sondern auch durch ihr hohes Diskussionsengage- ment ganz neue Perspektiven auf das Tagungsthema entworfen haben. In diesem Zusammenhang sei auch den Moderatorinnen und Moderatoren, Prof. Dr. Oliver Auge, Prof. Dr. Gerhard Fouquet, Fiona Fritz und Janina Lillge M.A., ganz herzlich für ihre umsichtige Diskussionsführung gedankt. Gabriele Langmaack und die anderen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter der Kieler Professur trugen schließlich durch die hervorragende und souveräne Organisation des Ablaufes wesentlich zum Gelingen der Konferenz bei. Dass die Beiträge nun im Druck vorliegen, verdankt sich nicht nur der Zuverlässigkeit der Referentinnen und Referenten, sondern vor allem Gerrit Otis Thiel, der die Last der redaktionellen Überarbeitung stets gewissenhaft getragen hat. Rike Szill M.Ed. sowie Judith Böhm, Mara Dwornik und Mar- kus Kranz haben dankenswerterweise das Register erstellt. Ebenso ist den Redakteurinnen und Redakteuren der ‚Germania Sacra‘, Bärbel Kröger M.A., Dr. Nathalie Kruppa und Dr. Christian Popp, sowie der studentischen Hilfs- kraft Adrian Kühn für die stets umsichtige wie freundliche Zusammenarbeit zu danken. VI Vorwort Ein besonderer Dank ist schließlich der Vorsitzenden der ‚Germania Sacra‘, Prof. Dr. Hedwig Röckelein, gegenüber auszusprechen, die das Projekt von Beginn an unterstützte und die Aufnahme des Bandes in die vorliegende Reihe ermöglichte. Kiel und London, im Mai 2019 Andreas Bihrer und Stephan Bruhn INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Vorwort .................................................... V Abkürzungen ............................................... XI 1. EINFÜHRUNG Stephan Bruhn Bischöfe und ihre Diözesen im nachkarolingischen ostfränkisch- deutschen Reich (850–1100). Eine programmatische Einführung .... 3 Andreas Bihrer Vom ,Reichsbischof‘ zum ,Diözesanbischof‘: Die Erforschung von Bischöfen in ottonisch-salischer Zeit ......... 21 2. AKTEURE UND PERSONALE BEZIEHUNGEN Dominik Wassenhoven Herrscherwechsel und ihre Auswirkungen auf Diözesen. Worms und Köln um die Jahrtausendwende ..................... 57 Gerd Althoff Sächsische Bischöfe im Spannungsfeld zwischen Bistums- und Reichsinteressen. Strategien und Regeln politischer Einflussnahme im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert ....................... 93 Jens Lieven Bischöfe im Spiegel der Memorialüberlieferung. Der Codex Sangallensis 915 und andere Beispiele ................. 111 VIII Inhaltsverzeichnis Theo Riches Bischof – Klerus – Volk: Die Rolle religiöser Versammlungen in der Umwandlung bischöflicher religiöser Autorität in politische Macht innerhalb der Diözese ........................................ 149 Lioba Geis Kirchenrechtliche Norm und diözesane Praxis. Strategien des Umgangs mit Simonie im frühen 11. Jahrhundert .... 177 3. DIE DIÖZESE ALS RAUM Helmut Flachenecker Forst- und Wildbannrechte als Grundlagen für die weltliche Herrschaft von Bischöfen im Frühmittelalter ..................... 211 Nathalie Kruppa Die bischöflichen (Pfarr-)Kirchen in der mittelalterlichen Diözese Hildesheim ................................................. 245 Jörg Bölling Petrinische Performanz? Bischöfliche Liturgie im salierzeitlichen Bremen und Minden ....... 289 4. MODELLE UND KONZEPTE Sebastian Scholz Bischof, Klerus und Gemeinde in der causa Formosiana. Die Sicht der Kleriker Auxilius und Vulgarius .................... 323 Jérémy Winandy Äbte und Bischöfe im Kampf um die monastische Exemtion im Spiegel hagiographischer Quellen aus Fleury ..................... 337 Thomas Zotz In der Tradition des karolingischen Königshofes: Höfische Wertvorstellungen und höfisches Verhalten im literarischen Erscheinungsbild von Bischöfen der ottonisch-salischen Zeit ....... 359 Inhaltsverzeichnis IX Thomas M. Krüger Ut maior sit auctoritas. Funktion und Bedeutung früher bischöflicher Siegelurkunden ...... 381 5. PERSPEKTIVEN Hedwig Röckelein Zusammenfassung und Ausblick ................................ 415 Stephan Bruhn Ein Blick in die Ferne. Beobachtungen zu Bischöfen und ihren Diözesen im angelsächsischen England. Zugleich ein Beitrag zum Konflikt um den Episkopat Wilfrids von Northumbria ............ 423 Register .................................................... 465 Abkürzungen A. F. Alte Folge AA SS Acta Sanctorum c. Kanon cap./Kap. Kapitel Cod. Sang. Codex Sangallensis HAB Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica Briefe d. dt. Kaiserzeit Die Briefe der deutschen Kaiserzeit Capit. Capitularia regum Francorum Conc. Concilia D (DD) Diplomata Deutsches Mittelalter Deutsches Mittelalter. Kritische Studientexte Epp. Epistolae Epp. Sel. Epistolae selectae Fontes iuris Fontes iuris Germanici antiqui in usum scholarum separatim editi Formulae Formulae Merowingici et Karolini aevi Ldl Libelli de lite imperatorum et pontificum Libri mem. Libri memoriales et Necrologia LL Leges (in Folio) LL nat. Germ. Leges nationum Germanicarum Poetae Poetae Latini medii aevi SS Scriptores (in Folio) SS Auct. Ant. Scriptores Auctores antiquissimi SS rer. Germ. Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi N. F. Neue Folge N. S. Nova Series, New Series o. D. ohne Datum Dominik Wassenhoven Herrscherwechsel und ihre Auswirkungen auf Diözesen Worms und Köln um die Jahrtausendwende In Zeiten umstrittener Herrscherwechsel stellten sich einige Bischöfe ent- schieden auf die Seite eines Kandidaten und versprachen sich dadurch nicht nur einen guten, geeigneten König, sondern auch Vorteile für den Fall, dass ihr Kandidat sich schließlich durchsetzte.1 Ein bekanntes Beispiel ist Burchard von Worms, der 1002 Heinrich II. unterstützte und wenig später die Burg des Saliers Otto in seiner Bischofsstadt erhielt.2 Welche Folgen konnte es aber haben, wenn man den falschen Kandidaten unterstützt hatte? Konnte sich die Entscheidung des Bischofs auf seine Diözese auswirken? Auch hierfür gibt es ein Beispiel: Erzbischof Heribert von Köln sprach sich früh gegen Herzog Heinrich von Bayern, den späteren König Heinrich II., aus und un- terstützte stattdessen Herzog Hermann von Schwaben. Diese Entscheidung hatte scheinbar weitreichende Folgen, denn Heribert war unter Heinrich II. nicht länger Kanzler „und wurde von allen Reichsgeschäften ausgeschlossen“, wie Heribert Müller es formulierte.3 Müller hat bei seiner Beschäftigung mit Erzbischof Heribert noch eine weitere Beobachtung gemacht, die für das Verhältnis des Bischofs zu seiner Diözese bedeutsam ist: „Aus dem spannungsvollen Verhältnis der beiden [Heinrich II. und Heribert] er- gab sich noch eine andere, ,kölnische‘ Konsequenz, und zwar auf zwei Jahrzehnte: Weitgehend von den Reichsgeschäften ferngehalten, sah Heribert sich seit 1002 fast ausschließlich auf seine bischöflichen Aufgaben verwiesen. Solche Beschränkung tat der Kölner Kirche wohl“.4 1 Ernst-Dieter Hehl, Bedrängte und belohnte Bischöfe. Recht und Politik als Parame- ter bischöflichen Handelns bei Willigis von Mainz und anderen, in: Patterns of Epis- copal Power. Bishops in Tenth and Eleventh Century Western Europe/Strukturen bischöflicher Herrschaftsgewalt im westlichen Europa des 10. und 11. Jahrhunderts, hg. von Ludger Körntgen/Dominik Wassenhoven (Prinz-Albert-Forschungen 6), Berlin/Boston 2011, S. 63–86; Dominik Wassenhoven, Swaying Bishops and the Succession of Kings, in: ebd., S. 89–110. 2 Siehe dazu unten im Abschnitt zu Worms. 3 Heribert Müller, Heribert, Kanzler Ottos III.
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