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How Missionaries Applied Portuguese and Latin Descriptive Categories In
Muru, C. (2021). How missionaries applied Portuguese and Latin descriptive Journal of categories in the classification and explanation of verb conjugations and paired Portuguese Linguistics verbs of Tamil. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, 20: 8, pp. 1–32. DOI: h t t ps :// doi.org/10.5334/jpl.268 RESEARCH PAPER How missionaries applied Portuguese and Latin descriptive categories in the classification and explanation of verb conjugations and paired verbs of Tamil Cristina Muru University of Tuscia, IT [email protected] Tamil verb stems may be inclusive of a voice morpheme that encodes the degree of agency of the verb. Hence, using Paramasivam’s (1979) terminology, these kinds of verbs are paired verbs of which one is the affective and the other its effective counterpart. In the former, the action expressed by the verb is realised by an agent and affects a patient, whereas in the latter the consequences of the action fall on the subject who realises the action. This paper intends to analyse how missionaries described the verb system of Tamil which differed substantially from their own model of reference (Latin and Portuguese), and how they understood paired verbs, as defined above. As such, taking into account the Western sources that missionaries used to compose and organise their descriptions, this paper focuses on both verb conjugations and paired verbs in Tamil. It also demonstrates how the Latin grammatical framework was applied for the description of Tamil verbs and discusses the Indian grammatical sources available to missionaries. Given that the present classification of Tamil verbs is based on the one offered by a missionary, Karl Friedrich Leberecht Graul (1814–1864), this study highlights how earlier missionaries’ descriptions contributed to the current classification. -
The Commitment to Indigenous Self-Determination in the Anglican Church of Canada, 1967–2020
The Elusive Goal: The Commitment to Indigenous Self-Determination in the Anglican Church of Canada, 1967–2020 ALAN L. HAYES In1967 the Anglican Church of Canada (ACC) committed itself to support Indigenous peoples whowere callingonthe Cana- dian governmenttorecognize theirright to self-determination, andin1995 it resolved to move to recognizeIndigenous self- determination within thechurch itself. Nevertheless,inthe ACC, as in the countryatlarge, Indigenousself-determination hasremained an elusivegoal. To saysoisnot to deny theprogress that theACC has made in developingIndigenous leadership, governance, ministry, and advocacy. But with afew partial excep- tions, IndigenousAnglicansremain under the oversight of aset- tler-dominated churchwith its Eurocentric constitution, canons, policies, budgets, liturgical norms, assumptions, andadmin- istrativeprocedures.1 Whyhas the goalofIndigenous self- determinationprovensoelusive? Iintend to argue herethat colonialassumptions andstructures haveproven tenacious,and that, although Indigenous self-determination is consistent with historical patternsofChristian mission andorganization, the 1 The terms‘‘settler’’and ‘‘Indigenous’’are both problematic, but the nature of this discussion requires,atleast provisionally,abinaryterminology,and these terms are currently widelyused. The Rev.Canon Dr.AlanL.Hayes is BishopsFrederickand Heber Wilkinson Professor of the historyofChristianity at Wycliffe College and the Toronto SchoolofTheology at theUniversity of Toronto. Anglicanand EpiscopalHistory Volume 89, -
Church of North India Synodical Board of Social Services Employees’ Service Rules
CHURCH OF NORTH INDIA SYNODICAL BOARD OF SOCIAL SERVICES EMPLOYEES’ SERVICE RULES CNI -SYNODICAL BOARD OF SOCIAL SERVICES 16 PANDIT PANT MARG NEW DELHI- 110001 FAX : 91-11-23712126 PHONE: 23718168/23351727 Towards Building Communities of www.cnisbss.org Resistance & Hope CHURCH OF NORTH INDIA SYNODICAL BOARD OF SOCIAL SERVICES EMPLOYEES’ SERVICE RULES I. PREFACE 1. These rules shall be called CNI-SBSS Employee’s Service Rules and shall be applicable to all the employees of the CNI- SBSS. 2. These rules shall supersede all or any previous rules or practices which have been in operation on matters covered by those rules. II. DEFFINITIONS 1. ‘Synodical Board’ means CNI Synodical Board of Social Services and includes all departments, offices, sub-centre, sections, Resource canters and branches where the activities of the Board are carried out. 2. ‘Governing Body’ means the Governing Body of the Synodical Board to whom, by the rules of the said Board, the management of its affairs shall be entrusted. 3. ‘Chief Functionary’ The Chief Coordinator is the Chief Functionary. 4. ‘Premises’ means the entire premises of the CNI-SBSS whether situated inside or outside the main institution premises. 5. ‘Habitual’ means commission or omission of an act for not less than three occasions in a Calendar month. 6. ‘Masculine’ shall include ‘Feminine’ and ‘Singular’ shall imply ‘Plural’ where relevant, and vice versa. 7. ‘Salary’ ’ means and includes all components i.e., in basic and all other allowances admissible while on duty. III. GENERAL 1. Every employee must attend Morning Worship Service at the Office held every day at the stipulated time during all working days. -
Concluding Common Joint Statement
Concluding Common Joint Statement of the Commission for the Dialogue between the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church and the Old Catholic Churches of the Union of Utrecht Editorial Note: The sub-commission (Rev. Sam T. Koshy, Rev. Dr. Adrian Suter) has worked on this statement and considers this version to be the final one. Other than the correction of errors and the adaption of the reference style in the footnotes in case of a printed publication, no more changes shall be made. Introduction: A journey towards a relationship of communion between the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church and the Old Catholic Churches of the Union of Utrecht The ecumenical journey between the two churches began with the meeting of Archbishop Dr. Joris Vercammen, President of the International Bishops’ Conference of the Old Catholic Churches of the Union of Utrecht, and Rt. Rev. Dr. Zacharias Mar Theophilus, then Suffragan Metropolitan (now of blessed memory), of the Mar Thoma Church in the context of the World Council of Churches, in 2005. Later, Rt. Rev. Dr. Isaac Mar Philoxenos Episcopa continued the contact with the Union of Utrecht. On the invitation of the Metropolitan of the Mar Thoma Church, a delegation from the Union of Utrecht, which included the Archbishop of Utrecht, 1 the bishop of the Old Catholic Church of Austria, Dr. John Okoro, the Rev. Prof. Günter Esser and the Rev. Ioan Jebelean, visited the Mar Thoma Church in 2006 and 2008. A delegation of the Mar Thoma Church made a reciprocal visit to the Old Catholic Church. The Rt. Rev. -
Chapter Twelve Jesuit Schools and Missions in The
CHAPTER TWELVE JESUIT SCHOOLS AND MISSIONS IN THE ORIENT 1 MARIA DE DEUS MANSO AND LEONOR DIAZ DE SEABRA View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Missions in India brought to you by CORE provided by Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora The Northern Province: Goa 2 On 27 th February 1540, the Papal Bull Regimini Militantis Eclesiae established the official institution of The Society of Jesus, centred on Ignacio de Loyola. Its creation marked the beginning of a new Order that would accomplish its apostolic mission through education and evangelisation. The Society’s first apostolic activity was in service of the Portuguese Crown. Thus, Jesuits became involved within the missionary structure of the Portuguese Patronage and ended up preaching massively across non-European spaces and societies. Jesuits achieved one of the greatest polarizations and novelties of their charisma and religious order precisely in those ultramarine lands obtained by Iberian conquest and treatises 3. Among other places, Jesuits were active in Brazil, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan and China. Their work gave birth to a new concept of mission, one which, underlying the Society’s original evangelic impulses, started to be organised around a dynamic conception of “spiritual conquest” aimed at converting to the Roman Catholic faith all those who “simply” ignored or had strayed from Church doctrines. In India, Jesuits created the Northern (Goa) and the Southern (Malabar) Provinces. One of their characteristics was the construction of buildings, which served as the Mission’s headquarters and where teaching was carried out. Even though we have a new concept of college nowadays, this was not a place for schooling or training, but a place whose function was broader than the one we attribute today. -
~ ..Lilil.Ie«Llrb Hom the OUJJUJ MISSIONARY RESEARCH LIBRARY 3041 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
~ ..lIlIl.ie«llrB hom the OUJJUJ MISSIONARY RESEARCH LIBRARY 3041 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. N . Y. 10027 December 1970 Vol. XXI, No . 12 Library-3041 Broadway (at 120th Street). New York. N.Y 10027 Telephone: (Area 212) 662·7100 Editorial Office--Room 678. 475 Riv ers ide Drove. New York. N.Y 10027 Subscription: $3 a ye ar; 1-15 copies, 35¢ Telephone ' (Area 212) 870·2175 each; 16-50 copies, 25¢ each; Circulation Office--637 West 125th St .. New York. N.Y 10027 more than 50 copies, 15¢ each Telephone (Ar ea 212) 870·2910 CHURCH UNION MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN ASIA (Possibility of New Church/Mission Board Relationships) Wilfred Scopes Associate Secretary Sout hern As ia Of f ice The United Chur ch Board f or World Mi ni st ries United Church of Christ It may be r ec al led that i n 1947 a notable event took plac e in Protestant Church history vrhe n Epis copal and non-Episcopal Chur ches united for the first time through the formation of the CHURCH OF SOUTH I NDIA. Thi s event s t i mulated similar movements in adjoi ni ng ar eas , notably i n Pakist an , No r t h I ndi a and Ceylon , and we r ejoice that at least in two of the above ar eas the l ong negoti ati ons have now come t o fruition. THE CHURCH OF PAKISTAN \ ~o r d ha s been r eceived that this new Church was inaugurat ed on Novembe r 1st at Lah ore, We st Pakistan, the f our part i cipat ing Churches being: Anglican Church (C. -
13 Maritime History of the Pearl Fishery Coast With
MARITIME HISTORY OF THE PEARL FISHERY COAST WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOOTHUKUDI THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE MANONMANIAM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY By Sr. S. DECKLA (Reg. No. 1090) DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY MANONMANIAM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY TIRUNELVELI OCTOBER 2004 13 INDEX INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER TWO CHAPTER THREE CHAPTER FOUR CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY 14 INTRODUCTION Different concepts have been employed by historians in different times to have a comprehensive view of the past. We are familiar with political history, social history, economic history and administrative history. Maritime history is yet another concept, which has been gaining momentum and currency these days. It (maritime history) has become a tool in the hands of several Indian historians who are interested in Indo- Portuguese history. The study of maritime history enables these researchers to come closer to the crucial dynamics of historical process. Maritime history embraces many aspects of history, such as international politics, navigation, oceanic currents, maritime transportation, coastal society, development of ports and port-towns, sea-borne trade and commerce, port-hinterland relations and so on1. As far as India and the Indian Ocean regions are concerned, maritime studies have a great relevance in the exchange of culture, establishment of political power, the dynamics of society, trade and commerce and religion of these areas. The Indian Ocean served not only as a conduit for conducting trade and commerce, but also served and still serves, as an important means of communication. The Indians have carried commodities to several Asian and African countries even before the arrival of the Europeans from India. -
Chichester Diocesan Intercessions: July–September 2021
Chichester Diocesan Intercessions: J u l y – September 202 1 JULY 13 1 We pray for the bishop, clergy and laity of The Diocese of Cuttack We pray for the bishop, clergy and laity of The Diocese of – The (united) Church of North India Colombo – Extra Provincial to the Archbishop of Canterbury (The WOODINGDEAN, Holy Cross: Helen Rose, PinC; Anna Bouch, Church of Ceylon) Ass.C MOULSECOOMB: Vacant, PinC: Betsy Gray-Hammond, TV 14 John Keble (Coldean); John Collins, Ass.C; Levison Kandi, Rdr; Marian We pray for the bishop, clergy and laity of The Diocese of Framroze, Rdr Cyangugu – Eglise Anglicane du Rwanda 2 THE RURAL DEANERY OF HOVE: Dan Henderson, ARD; We pray for the bishop, clergy and laity of The Diocese of William Holden, DLC Colorado – The Episcopal Church (VI (6) Province) 15 Swithun, c862 & Bonaventure, 1274 OVINGDEAN: Richard Tuset, R; We pray for the bishop, clergy and laity of The Diocese of Cyprus 3 St Thomas and the Gulf – The Episcopal Church in Jerusalem & The Middle We pray for the bishop, clergy and laity of The Diocese of East Connecticut – The Episcopal Church (I (1) Province) ALDRINGTON: I: Vacant; PATCHAM: All Saints with Westdene, The Ascension: Andy 16 Osmund, 1099 Flowerday I; Caz Dunk, Ass V (Westdene); Kim Hill, Rdr We pray for the bishop, clergy and laity The Diocese of Daejeon – The Anglican Church of Korea HANGLETON, St Helen: Vacant, I 4 TRINITY 5 17 We pray for the bishop, clergy and laity of The Anglican Church of We pray for the bishop, clergy and laity The Diocese of North Papua New Guinea Dakota – The -
PENTECOSTAL BEGINNINGS in RAJASTHAN, INDIA: Part One
[AJPS 12:2 (2009), pp. 231-256] PENTECOSTAL BEGINNINGS IN RAJASTHAN, INDIA: Part One Wessly Lukose Pentecostal1 Christianity is growing rapidly in India as in many parts of the world. Stanley Burgess observes that Indian Pentecostalism is the fifth largest sector of Global Charismatic Christianity.2 Pentecostals are present in almost every part of India, including north- west region, where the Christian population is comparatively low. In Rajasthan, the largest state in India, the Christian message has had little impact. According to the 2001 government census of India, Rajasthan has a population of 56.51 million, but less than one percent is Christian. However, Pentecostalism is the fastest growing Christian movement in Rajasthan. 1 In the present study the terms „Pentecostal‟ and „Charismatic‟ are used interchangeably with the same meaning unless otherwise stated. The present study adopts a more inclusive definition of Pentecostalism, following Walter Hollenweger, Allan Anderson and Amos Yong. Such a definition embraces Classical Pentecostals, Charismatics and Neo-Pentecostals, who share a common emphasis on the experience of the Holy Spirit. See Walter J. Hollenweger, Pentecostalism: Origins and Developments Worldwide (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1997), 1; Allan Anderson, An Introduction to Pentecostalism: Global Charismatic Christianity (Cambridge: CUP, 2004), 9-15. He calls them „spiritual gifts‟ movements (p.14); Amos Yong, The Spirit Poured Out on All Flesh: Pentecostalism and the Possibility of Global Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2005), 18-19. He aligns himself with The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002), xviii-xxi. In Discerning the Spirit (s): A Pentecostal-Charismatic Contribution to Christian Theology of Religions (Sheffield: SAP, 2000), 21, though he initially adopts a more exclusive definition, later he calls for a more inclusive approach (see pp. -
Zoroastrianism in India, by Jesse S. Palsetia
CHAPTER SEVEN Zoroastrianism in India JESSE S . P ALSETI A Introduction HE PARSIS ARE A community in India that trace their ancestry T and religious identity to pre-Islamic, Zoroastrian Iran (pre-651 CE). Te Parsis presently number approximately 110,000 individuals worldwide, and 57,245 individu als in India according to the Census of India 2011. Tis chapter examines the history of the Parsis and the emergence of a unique religious community in India. Te Parsis are the descendants of the Zoroastrians of Iran who migrated to and settled in India in order to preserve their religion. Zoroastrianism is the religion associated with the teachings and revelation of the Iranian prophet and priest Zarathustra (or Zoroaster, as he was referred to by the ancient Greeks). Zarathustra and his religious message date from the second millennium BCE (c. 1200-1000 BCE). Zoroastrianism was the first major religion of Iran and a living faith in the an cient world. Zoroastrianism shares with Hindu (Vedic) religion ancient roots in the common history of the Indo-Iranian peoples. Te oldest Zoroastrian religious works are the Gāthās: a collection of esoteric songs, poems, and thoughts composed in Old Iranian, later referred to as Gāthic Avestan or Old Avestan, and ascribed to Zarathustra and his culture. Te Gāthās intimate a world of good and evil attributed to antagonistic good and evil spirits. Zoro- astrianism represents an original attempt to unify the existing ancient Iranian dualistic tradition within an ethical framework. Early Zoro- astrianism held human nature to be essentially good, and modern Zoroastrianism continues to summarize the duty of humans as 226 JESSE S . -
NATIVE LIFE in TRAVANCORE by the REV
NATIVE LIFE in TRAVANCORE by The REV. SAMUEL MATEER, F.L.S. Of the London Missionary Society VOLUME TWO The original book has been reformatted into 2 Volumes to facilitate ease of reading. With commentary by VED from VICTORIA INSTITUTIONS VICTORIA INSTITUTIONS Aaradhana, DEVERKOVIL 673508 India www.victoriainstitutions.com admn@ victoriainstitutions.com Telegram: https://t.me/VICTORIA_INSTITUTIONS TelegramHomePage : https://t.me/VI_Home/8 NATIVE LIFE in TRAVANCORE All rights reserved. This edition first published in October 2014. A reformatted edition published in March 2018. This printable version has been published in January 2020. There can be inadvertent errors in the text. No guarantee of absolute correctness can be given. The text has been taken from scanned versions of the original book, which are available online. However, to get them into a readabletext, a lot of work had to be done. PRINT You can print this book, for your own use or for selling to others. The cover-file of this book can be opened by clicking on the Pin image here. You can print this book using your private Printer, such as Epson &c., or you can send this file to some Online or Offline Digital book printing service. For each book you print, you need to send Rs. 30, or its equivalent in your native-land currency, to VICTORIA INSTITUTIONS, the creator/publisher of this digital file. This shall be a legal and moral obligation on you. If you are a book-publishing company, you can print this book for selling. You also are legally obliged to pay the same amount mentioned above for each book your print and sell. -
Book Reviews
Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies Volume 13 Article 18 January 2000 Book Reviews Francis X. Clooney Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/jhcs Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Clooney, Francis X. (2000) "Book Reviews," Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies: Vol. 13, Article 18. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7825/2164-6279.1238 The Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies is a publication of the Society for Hindu-Christian Studies. The digital version is made available by Digital Commons @ Butler University. For questions about the Journal or the Society, please contact [email protected]. For more information about Digital Commons @ Butler University, please contact [email protected]. Clooney: Book Reviews Book Reviews 47 Order of Vaishnava monks (Vijay Pinch); historical understanding: (ix). What should and comparisons between Vivekananda and be preserved from the past and what should other significant leaders and thinkers: be discarded from the world's religions? Brahmabandhab Upadhyay (Julius Lipner), These questions are as crucial today as they two sanatan dharma propagandists in the were a hundred years ago. Together with Punjab (Kenneth Jones) and Govind Rambachan's recent The Limits ofScripture: . Chandra Dev in East Bengal (Hiltrud Vivekananda's Reinterpretation ofthe Vedas Rustau). What the volume shows, says the (University of Hawaii Press, 1994), this editor, William Radice, is that for book would provide the basis for an Vivekananda modernization meant both excellent graduate/senior undergraduate physical and mental reform. "His central seminar on "Vivekananda and Hindu project - uniting his work in India and the Reform". West - was to work out what in the religious traditions not only of India but of all Harold Coward countries and civilizations was valid and University of Victoria acceptable to modem scientific and His Star in the East.