DOCSLIB.ORG

Elementos Psicológicos Y Emocionales Que Se Configuran En La

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Elementos Psicológicos Y Emocionales Que Se Configuran En La ELEMENTOS PSICOLÓGICOS Y EMOCIONALES QUE SE CONFIGURAN EN LA HISTORIA DE VIDA DE DOS EX-MIEMBROS DE LAS FARC QUE SE ENCUENTRAN EN PROCESO DE REINTEGRACIÓN EN EL CONTEXTO DEL POSCONFLICTO EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DEL META SOFIA CELY RINCÓN MARÍA DE LOS ÁNGELES REYES BELTRÁN MARÍA FERNANDA VARELA LARA UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMÁS FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA VILLAVICENCIO 2020 Elementos Psicológicos y Emocionales 2 ELEMENTOS PSICOLÓGICOS Y EMOCIONALES QUE SE CONFIGURAN EN LA HISTORIA DE VIDA DE DOS EX-MIEMBROS DE LAS FARC QUE SE ENCUENTRAN EN PROCESO DE REINTEGRACIÓN EN EL CONTEXTO DEL POSCONFLICTO EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DEL META SOFIA CELY RINCÓN MARÍA DE LOS ÁNGELES REYES BELTRÁN MARÍA FERNANDA VARELA LARA Trabajo de grado presentado como requisito para optar al título de Psicólogas Asesor DORIS MARCELA HERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ Docente y líder de currículo Facultad de Psicología UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMÁS FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA VILLAVICENCIO 2020 Elementos Psicológicos y Emocionales 3 Autoridades académicas P. JOSÉ GABRIEL MESA ANGULO, O.P. Rector General P. EDUARDO GONZÁLEZ GIL, O.P. Vicerrector Académico General P. JOSÉ ANTONIO BALAGUERA, O.P. Rector Sede Villavicencio P. RODRIGO GARCÍA JARA, O.P. Vicerrector Académico Sede Villavicencio ADM. JULIETH ANDREA SIERRA TOBÓN Secretaria de División Sede Villavicencio MG. ANDREA CAROLINA CAÑÓN SÁNCHEZ Decana Facultad de Psicología Elementos Psicológicos y Emocionales 4 Agradecimientos A Dios, por habernos permitido iniciar y culminar este proceso formativo. A nuestros padres, por habernos brindado la oportunidad de formarnos profesionalmente, motivándonos a ser perseverantes y humildes en cada etapa de nuestra carrera, su amor incondicional y comprensión superan los límites de nuestra existencia. A los docentes y asesora, quienes estuvieron acompañándonos, guiándonos y fueron participes de nuestro crecimiento personal y profesional, adquiriendo un sinfín de aprendizajes, experiencias y habilidades que nos forjan como nuevos seres humanos. Por último y no menos importantes, a los participantes de nuestra investigación, sin ellos esto no sería una realidad, nuestra gratitud por habernos confiado su historia de vida, aquella que relata y guarda todo un entramado de acontecimientos y procesos que han vivenciado, gracias por habernos puesto a reflexionar y trabajar en el aquí y el ahora. Elementos Psicológicos y Emocionales 5 Contenido Resumen...................................................................................................................................... 8 Palabras claves ......................................................................................................................... 8 Introducción .............................................................................................................................. 10 Planteamiento del problema ....................................................................................................... 12 Justificación .............................................................................................................................. 18 Objetivos ................................................................................................................................... 22 Objetivo general..................................................................................................................... 22 Objetivos específicos ............................................................................................................. 22 Marco de referencia ................................................................................................................... 23 Paradigma Interpretativo ........................................................................................................ 23 Enfoque Biográfico ................................................................................................................ 25 Epistemología Biográfica – Narrativa..................................................................................... 28 Marco disciplinar ....................................................................................................................... 31 Elementos Psicológicos .......................................................................................................... 32 Elementos Emocionales ......................................................................................................... 34 Personas en Proceso de Reintegración .................................................................................... 36 Marco multidisciplinar, interdisciplinar y/o transdisciplinar ....................................................... 39 Elementos Psicológicos y Emocionales .................................................................................. 39 Personas en Proceso de Reintegración .................................................................................... 40 Marco normativo legal ............................................................................................................... 42 Antecedentes investigativos ....................................................................................................... 45 Elementos Psicológicos .......................................................................................................... 45 Elementos Emocionales ......................................................................................................... 47 Personas en Proceso de Reintegración .................................................................................... 49 Marco metodológico .................................................................................................................. 52 Metodología ........................................................................................................................... 52 Método .................................................................................................................................. 53 Estrategia ............................................................................................................................... 54 Actores .................................................................................................................................. 54 Criterios ................................................................................................................................. 55 Análisis de contenido cualitativo ............................................................................................ 55 Elementos Psicológicos y Emocionales 6 Fases de la investigación ........................................................................................................ 56 Consideraciones éticas ............................................................................................................... 58 Resultados ................................................................................................................................. 61 Matriz de codificación abierta participante P1 y P2 ................................................................ 61 Codificaciones relacionales participantes P1 y P2. ................................................................. 81 Mapeo final de codificación ................................................................................................. 164 Discusión de resultados ........................................................................................................... 166 Conclusiones ........................................................................................................................... 175 Recomendaciones, aportes y limitaciones ................................................................................ 177 Disciplina............................................................................................................................. 177 Campo de formación integral ............................................................................................... 177 Comprensión a la problemática ............................................................................................ 177 Población ............................................................................................................................. 178 Investigadoras ...................................................................................................................... 178 Limitaciones ........................................................................................................................ 178 Recomendaciones. ............................................................................................................... 179 Referencias bibliográficas ........................................................................................................ 180 Elementos Psicológicos y Emocionales 7 Lista de tablas Pág. Tabla 1. Matriz de codificación abierta participante P1 ............................................................. 61 Tabla 2. Matriz de codificación abierta participante P2 ............................................................. 70 Tabla 3. Codificaciones relacionales participantes P1 y P2 ....................................................... 81 Tabla 4. Mapeo final de codificación ......................................................................................... 164 Elementos Psicológicos y Emocionales 8 Resumen La presente investigación tiene el objetivo de comprender los elementos psicológicos y emocionales que se configuran en
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Land Title Is Not Enough
    A LAND TITLE IS NOT ENOUGH ENsuRINg sustAINAblE lANd REstItutIoN IN ColoMbIA Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. First published in 2014 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom © Amnesty International 2014 Index: AMR 23/031/2014 English Original language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover photo : A plot of land in El Carpintero, Cabuyaro Municipality, Meta Department. Most of the peasant farmers from El Carpintero were forced to flee their homes following a spate of killings and forced disappearances of community members carried out by paramilitary groups in the late 1990s.
    [Show full text]
  • COLOMBIA by George A
    THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF COLOMBIA By George A. Rabchevsky 1 Colombia is in the northwestern corner of South America holders of new technology, and reduces withholding taxes. and is the only South American country with coastlines on Foreign capital can be invested without limitation in all both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The majestic sectors of the economy. Andes Mountains transect the country from north to south in The Government adopted a Mining Development Plan in the western portion of the country. The lowland plains 1993 as proposed by Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en occupy the eastern portion, with tributaries of the Amazon Geociencias, Mineria y Quimica (Ingeominas), Empresa and Orinoco Rivers. Colombiana de Carbon S.A. (Ecocarbon), and Minerales de Colombia is known worldwide for its coal, emeralds, gold, Colombia S.A. (Mineralco). The plan includes seven points nickel, and platinum. Colombia was the leading producer of for revitalizing the mineral sector, such as a new simplified kaolin and a major producer of cement, ferronickel, and system for the granting of exploration and mining licenses, natural gas in Latin America. Mineral production in provision of infrastructure in mining areas, and Colombia contributed just in excess 5% to the gross environmental control. The Government lifted its monopoly domestic product (GDP) and over 45% of total exports. Coal to sell gold, allowing anyone to purchase, sell, or export the and petroleum contributed 45% and precious stones and metal. metals contributed more than 6% to the Colombian economy. In 1994, the Colombian tax office accused petroleum companies for not paying the "war tax" established by the Government Policies and Programs 1992 tax reform.
    [Show full text]
  • Colombia Page 1 of 21
    Colombia Page 1 of 21 Colombia Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 6, 2007 Colombia is a constitutional, multiparty democracy with a population of approximately 42 million. On May 28, independent presidential candidate Alvaro Uribe was reelected in elections that were considered generally free and fair. The 42-year internal armed conflict continued between the government and terrorist organizations, particularly the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN). .The United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) was demobilized by August, but renegade AUC members who did not demobilize, or who demobilized but later abandoned the peace process, remained the object of military action. While civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces, there were instances in which elements of the security forces acted in violation of state policy. Although serious problems remained, the government's respect for human rights continued to improve, which was particularly evident in actions undertaken by the government's security forces and in demobilization negotiations with the AUC. The following societal problems and governmental human rights abuses were reported during the year: unlawful and extrajudicial killings; forced disappearances; insubordinate military collaboration with criminal groups; torture and mistreatment of detainees; overcrowded and insecure prisons; arbitrary arrest; high number of
    [Show full text]
  • 190205 USAID Colombia Brief Final to Joslin
    COUNTRY BRIEF I. FRAGILITY AND CLIMATE RISKS II.COLOMBIA III. OVERVIEW Colombia experiences very high climate exposure concentrated in small portions of the country and high fragility stemming largely from persistent insecurity related to both longstanding and new sources of violence. Colombia’s effective political institutions, well- developed social service delivery systems and strong regulatory foundation for economic policy position the state to continue making important progress. Yet, at present, high climate risks in pockets across the country and government mismanagement of those risks have converged to increase Colombians’ vulnerability to humanitarian emergencies. Despite the state’s commitment to address climate risks, the country’s historically high level of violence has strained state capacity to manage those risks, while also contributing directly to people’s vulnerability to climate risks where people displaced by conflict have resettled in high-exposure areas. This is seen in high-exposure rural areas like Mocoa where the population’s vulnerability to local flooding risks is increased by the influx of displaced Colombians, lack of government regulation to prevent settlement in flood-prone areas and deforestation that has Source: USAID Colombia removed natural barriers to flash flooding and mudslides. This is also seen in high-exposure urban areas like Barranquilla, where substantial risks from storm surge and riverine flooding are made worse by limited government planning and responses to address these risks, resulting in extensive economic losses and infrastructure damage each year due to fairly predictable climate risks. This brief summarizes findings from a broader USAID case study of fragility and climate risks in Colombia (Moran et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Survey Report of the Llanos Orientales, Colombia. General Report
    FAO/SF: 11/COL L SURVEY OF THE LLANOS ORIENT LE OENERAL FIEPORT fiefNhv UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM *w FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS EXTERNAL TRANSLATION FAO/SF: 11/COL SOIL SURVEY OF THE LLANOS ORIENTALES COLOMBIA VOLUME I GENERAL REPORT FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL FUND Rome, 1965 MR/27262 CONTENTS LISTOF TABLES 0000006400090.001.00 LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF MATS o00000000040o0..0.000009.004.00000000000000900.000o0 INTRODUCTION 00.a.00.0009.0.40060000064001.000900000 Background 9 0 9 0011 9 0 9 The Project and lto Execution . o 2 Project Personnel 9 9 3 Tr ning O 0e .00 4,0,0" 1100 9 3 Acknowledgments 3 SUMMARY OF MAIN CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA 0,10.000m000110000.00000.0400000po* 7 Geography, Location of Survey Area 7 ciimate a 0 0 0 0 0 PO" 9 0 11 VegetatiOn O0000000.4.000004.06"00400QOP0,09.0941000004,04140Opp0 19 Hydrology 00400.11410000000.009080060000000040000009008000O004. 20 Geology, Geomorphology, Landscape Map 23 Agriculture and Livestock 0.0paeo0004.ve0.000000090 35 SOILS AD THEIR USE 40 General 00,900000p 40 Land Capability Classes and Map 42 NEEDFOR RESEARCH 0000.00040.4.000001,044.09."0400WoMes0901,000000.p00 49 LISTOF COLLABORATORS e000m000000*0000000.00090a040%440000090040170.0 54 ENGLISHSUMMARY . onsv011 doonim 00 56 REFERENCES 000900OOM*00.000006008O0.09100000oMOOOR*00000098,000000000.04$ 65 APPENDIX I - PLAN OF OPERATION 67 Budget and Plan of Expenditure - Special Fund Contribution ...o. 77 Budgot and Plan of Expenditure - Government Contribution ....... 78 Amendment 1 of the Plan of Operation 79 - ii - LIST OF TABLES Pago I-1 Calculaticins of actual and potential evaporation and water deficit or surplus at Villavicencio, Meta .........
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Colombia in 2003
    THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF COLOMBIA By Ivette E. Torres Colombia was the fourth largest country in Latin America and new agency became responsible for assigning hydrocarbons the Caribbean, and in terms of purchasing power parity, it had areas for exploration and production; evaluating the the fourth largest economy in the region after Brazil, Argentina, hydrocarbon potential of the country; designing, promoting, and Chile. Colombia’s gross domestic product was $77.6 billion1 negotiating, and administering new exploration and production at current prices and $282 billion based on purchasing power contracts; and collecting royalties on behalf of the Government. parity. The country’s economy grew by 3.7% after modest The decree also created the Sociedad Promotora de Energía de increases of 1.6% (revised) and 1.4% (revised) in 2002 and Colombia S.A., which had as its main objective participation 2001, respectively (International Monetary Fund, 2004§2). This and investment in energy-related companies. With the creation economic growth was propelled, in part, by a significant growth of the two organizations, Ecopetrol’s name was changed to in the mining and quarrying (included hydrocarbons) and Ecopetrol S.A., and the entity, which became a public company construction sectors, which increased in real terms by 12.4% and tied to the MME, was responsible for exploring and producing 11.7%, respectively. The large contributors to the increase in from areas under contract prior to December 31, 2003, those the mining and quarrying sector were metallic minerals and coal that had been operated by Ecopetrol directly, and those to be with increases of 73% and 33%, respectively (Departamento assigned to it by ANH.
    [Show full text]
  • Colombia's New Armed Groups
    COLOMBIA’S NEW ARMED GROUPS Latin America Report N°20 – 10 May 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. MORE THAN CRIMINAL GANGS?.......................................................................... 2 A. THE AUC AS PREDECESSOR ..................................................................................................3 B. THE NEW ILLEGAL ARMED GROUPS ......................................................................................6 III. CASE STUDIES.............................................................................................................. 8 A. NORTE DE SANTANDER .........................................................................................................8 1. AUC history in the region..........................................................................................8 2. Presence of new illegal armed groups and criminal organisations ..............................8 3. Conflict dynamics....................................................................................................10 4. Conclusion ...............................................................................................................11 B. NARIÑO ..............................................................................................................................11 1. AUC history in the region........................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Colombia: Urban Futures in Conflict Zones by Patricia Weiss Fagen
    Report April 2015 Colombia: urban futures in conflict zones By Patricia Weiss Fagen Executive summary The 2014-15 peace negotiations in Havana between the Colombian government and the FARC guerrilla movement are expected to end the long conflict between these two armed actors. The accords reached thus far reiterate a commitment to human rights and development in neglected rural areas, but do not prioritise the dire situation faced by regional medium-sized cities in conflict zones. Millions of victims have sought refuge in these cities and are likely to remain there. This report argues that achieving urban integration, strengthening institutions and increasing productivity in urban settings are fundamental to peace. All cities have suffered in multiple ways from the massive influx of internally displaced persons (IDPs). Medium-sized cities are growing faster than the largest cities, having received the highest percentage of conflict victims in relation to their pre-existing local populations. Today they are largely unable to integrate IDPs living in their jurisdictions either administratively or economically. New infrastructure, stronger institutions and extended public services are badly needed. Taking two Colombian cities as illustrations, the report examines efforts to improve the well-being of IDPs and other victims, focusing on the urban resources and regional development that will be needed in post-conflict Colombia. Introduction a “territorial peace”, one that decentralises the political The 2014-15 peace negotiations in Havana between the and economic dominance of the Bogotá-centred political Colombian government and representatives of the and economic structures, and empowers municipal and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrilla departmental leaders and rural communities.
    [Show full text]
  • BOLETÍN CIENTÍFICO CENTRO DE MUSEOS MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL Vol
    BOLETÍN CIENTÍFICO CENTRO DE MUSEOS MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL Vol. 22 No. 2 SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN MUSEUM CENTER NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Vol. 22 No. 2 bol.cient.mus.his.nat. Manizales (Colombia) Vol. 22 No. 2 222 p. julio-diciembre ISSN 0123-3068 ISSN: 2462-8190 de 2018 (Impreso) (En línea) ISSN 0123–3068 (Impreso) ISSN: 2462-8190 (En línea) -Fundada en 1995- BOLETÍN CIENTÍFICO Nueva periodicidad semestral CENTRO DE MUSEOS Tiraje 150 ejemplares Vol. 22 No. 2, 222 p. MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL julio-diciembre, 2018 Manizales - Colombia Rector Alejandro Ceballos Márquez Vicerrector Académico Marco Tulio Jaramillo Salazar Vicerrectora de Investigaciones y Postgrados Luisa Fernanda Giraldo Zuluaga Vicerrector Administrativo Manuel Humberto Jiménez Ramírez Vicerrectora de Proyección Universitaria Patricia Salazar Villegas Decano Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Marco Tulio Jaramillo Salazar Centro de Museos Olga Lucía Hurtado Boletín Científico Revista especializada en estudios Centro de Museos de Historia Natural y áreas Museo de Historia Natural biológicas afines. Director Julián A. Salazar E. Médico Veterinario & Zootecnista (MVZ). Universidad de Caldas, Centro de Museos. Indexada por Publindex Categoría A2 Zoological Record SciELO Index Copernicus Scopus Cómite Editorial Cómite Internacional Ricardo Walker Ángel L. Viloria Investigador, Fundador Boletín Biólogo-Zoólogo, Ph.D., Centro Científico Museo de Historia de Ecología, IVIC, Venezuela Natural, Universidad de Caldas Tomasz Pyrcz Luis Carlos Pardo-Locarno Entomólogo, Ph.D., Museo de Ingeniero Agronómo, Ph.D., MSc., Zoología Universidad Jaguellónica, CIAT Palmira, Valle Polonia John Harold Castaño Zsolt Bálint MSc. Programa Biología, Biologo, Ph.D., Museo de Historia Universidad de Caldas Natural de Budapest, Hungría Luís M. Constantino Carlos López Vaamonde Entomólogo, MSc., Centro Ingeniero Agrónomo, Entomólogo, de Investigaciones para el café MSc., Ph.D., BSc.
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Study for Development of Cashew-Based Farming Operations in Vichada J
    CPP_CS18-3 Feasibility Study for Development of Cashew-Based Farming Operations in Vichada J. Lowenberg-DeBoer Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University Elizabeth Creak Chair in Agri-Tech Economics, Harper Adams University Paul V. Preckell Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University Carlos Fontanilla PhD Student, Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University Email Contact: [email protected] Introduction – The economic development of Vichada is constrained by a small labor force and high transport costs (Department of Vichada, 2016). The total population of the Department is estimated at 75,468 (Dane, 2017). If the labor force participation in 2016 of Puerto Carreño of 66.2% is representative, the total labor force for the department is only about 50,000. Vichada has only a few kilometers of hard surfaced road, mostly streets in the capital Puerto Carreño. In 2012 there were only 1.14 km of paved interurban highway in the department. There is no highway connection to the rest of Colombia. Also, there is no railroad connection of any kind. River transport is often cited as the best option for Vichada, but the Meta River link to Puerto Gaitan is only usable during the high-water period of the rainy seasons. Because Meta River transport is slow and subject to many uncertainties, it used mainly for durable goods. The main exception is the shipment of about 30,000 cattle annually by river to markets in Meta Department. The Orinoco River is navigable throughout the year, but because of political disagreements with neighboring Venezuela, the Orinoco is seldom used for shipping.
    [Show full text]
  • Colombia Curriculum Guide 090916.Pmd
    National Geographic describes Colombia as South America’s sleeping giant, awakening to its vast potential. “The Door of the Americas” offers guests a cornucopia of natural wonders alongside sleepy, authentic villages and vibrant, progressive cities. The diverse, tropical country of Colombia is a place where tourism is now booming, and the turmoil and unrest of guerrilla conflict are yesterday’s news. Today tourists find themselves in what seems to be the best of all destinations... panoramic beaches, jungle hiking trails, breathtaking volcanoes and waterfalls, deserts, adventure sports, unmatched flora and fauna, centuries old indigenous cultures, and an almost daily celebration of food, fashion and festivals. The warm temperatures of the lowlands contrast with the cool of the highlands and the freezing nights of the upper Andes. Colombia is as rich in both nature and natural resources as any place in the world. It passionately protects its unmatched wildlife, while warmly sharing its coffee, its emeralds, and its happiness with the world. It boasts as many animal species as any country on Earth, hosting more than 1,889 species of birds, 763 species of amphibians, 479 species of mammals, 571 species of reptiles, 3,533 species of fish, and a mind-blowing 30,436 species of plants. Yet Colombia is so much more than jaguars, sombreros and the legend of El Dorado. A TIME magazine cover story properly noted “The Colombian Comeback” by explaining its rise “from nearly failed state to emerging global player in less than a decade.” It is respected as “The Fashion Capital of Latin America,” “The Salsa Capital of the World,” the host of the world’s largest theater festival and the home of the world’s second largest carnival.
    [Show full text]
  • Colombia: Background and U.S. Relations
    Colombia: Background and U.S. Relations Updated October 26, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43813 SUMMARY R43813 Colombia: Background and U.S. Relations October 26, 2020 Colombia, a key U.S. ally in Latin America, endured from the mid-1960s more than a half of century of internal armed conflict. To address the country’s prominence in illegal June S. Beittel drug production, the United States and Colombia have forged a close relationship over Analyst in Latin American the past two decades. Plan Colombia, a program focused initially on counternarcotics Affairs and later on counterterrorism, laid the foundation for an enduring security partnership. President Juan Manuel Santos (2010-2018) made concluding a peace accord with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)—the country’s largest leftist guerrilla organization at the time—his government’s primary focus. Following four years of peace negotiations, Colombia’s Congress ratified the FARC-government peace accord in November 2016. During a U.N.-monitored demobilization in 2017, approximately 13,200 FARC disarmed, demobilized, and began to reintegrate. The U.S.-Colombia partnership, originally forged on security interests, now encompasses sustainable development, human rights, trade, and wider cooperation. Support from Congress and across U.S. Administrations has been largely bipartisan. Congress appropriated more than $10 billion for Plan Colombia and its follow-on programs between FY2000 and FY2016, about 20% of which was funded through the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. government assistance to Colombia over the past 20 years has totaled nearly $12 billion, with funds appropriated by Congress mainly for the Departments of State and Defense and the U.S.
    [Show full text]