March 6, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS- 5571 · mittees of the House of Representatives to By Mr. RANGEL: Interstate and Foreign Commerce; to the ascertain and identify those areas in which H. Res. 279. Resolution creating a select Committee on House Administration. differences in treatment or application, on committee to conduct an investigation of the the basis of sex, exist in connection with the nationalization of the oil industry; to the administration and operation of those pro­ Committee on Rules. visions of law under their respective juris­ By Mr. RUPPE: PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS dictions, aud for other purposes; to the H. Res. 280. Resolution to authorize the Committee on Rules. Committee on the Judiciary to conduct an Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private By Mr. HARRINGTON: investigation and study of the decision of bills and resolutions were introduced and H. Res. 277. Resolution creating a Select the Supreme Court of the United States re­ severally referred as follows: Committee on Children to conduct an in­ lating to the practice of abortion; to the By Mr. EARLY: vestigation and study of social conditions Committee on Rules. H.R. 4478. A bill for the relief of Jorge adversely affecting the development of chil­ By Mr. ST GERMAIN: Claudio Raholin, Angelica Celina (Ota­ dren; to the Committee on Rules. H. Res. 281. Resolution disapproving the mendi) Raholin, Gerardo Gabriel Raholin, By Mr. MORGAN (for himself, Mr. deferral of budget authority relating to com­ and Vilma Myriam Raholin; to the Commit­ BROYHILL, Ms. COLLINS Of lllinOiS, prehensive planning grants (deferral No. tee on the Judiciary. Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT, Mr. HANNA­ D 75-107) which is proposed by the President By Mr. EDWARDS of California: FORD, Mr. HAYS of Ohio, r.'Ir. HAYES of in his special message of November 26, 1974, Indiana, Mr. McEWEN, Mr. MANN, H.R. 4479. A bill to amend the act entitled transmitted under section 1013 of the Im­ Mr. 0BERSTAR, Mr. SARASIN, and Mr. "An Act to incorporate the American Uni­ SISK): poundment Control Act of 1974; to the Com­ versity", approved February 24, 1893; to the H. Res. 278. Resolution expressing the mittee on Appropriations. Committee on the District of Columbia. sense of the House of Representatives with By Mr. STAGGERS: By Mr. REUSS: respect to the missing in action in Southeast H. Res. 282. Resolution to provide funds for H .R. 4480. A bill for the relief of Gary Asia and the Paris Agreement; to the Com­ the expenses of the investigations and Daves and Marc Cayer; to the Committee on mittee on Foreign Affairs. studies to be conducted by the Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS FELIX R. McKNIGHT ON DEFICIT sistance programs that are part of the GNP, rural America by bringh'1.g together men, FINANCING observed: "Were the growth of domestic assistance women, and children of every faith with programs to _continue for the next two the power of prayer. decades at the same rate as in the past 2ll With your permission, Mr. Speaker I HON. JAMES M. COLLINS years, total government spending would grow will append a brief statement describing OF TEXAS to more than half our national output. We Pastor Pete's work in rural America so IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cannot permit this to occur." that all Americans can be made aware of But, it keeps occurring and when we get to the ministry ,of pra'Yer. Thursday, March 6, 1975 a national health program, expanding Social Security and a few other items being held The statement follows: Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, in the wings, the courtship with bankruptcy Prayer Power, Inc. Is a truly Rural Ameri­ inflation remains the No. 1 concern of nears the ring-giving stage. can venture. It is the only directed prayer the American people. Inflation is caused Today, with the deficit at near $500 bil­ ministry in the United States with head­ by our congressional overspending. lion, and likely to pass $600 billion by mid- quarters in Rural America, that ministers Some optimists predict $52 billion, but a 1976, the "temporary" emergencies still exist exclusively to Rural America. fair outlook would be $85 billion from a and we rocket on to fiscal ruin. Its goals are to help save rural America, No economist, to be certain, but as a con­ build better business and strengthen the peacetime budget. cJ;turch. This will be done through united, Congress is spending this country into cerned citizen who thumbed back into his­ tory's New Deal, Fair Deal, New Frontier and drrected Christian Prayer. Three prayer times escalating inflation. A concise editorial Great Society programs designed to solve the have been set aside daily to correspond with on this deficit financing was written on myriad of social, business and individual Biblical times of prayer-9:00 A.M., 12:00 February 26, by Felix R. McKnight of the problems through federal financing, one gets noon and 9:45 P.M.-Ps 55;11, Daniel 6:10, Dallas Times Herald. Here are the high­ a bit gunshy. Acts 10. lights of the McKnight comments. It all leads to deficit financing and, as a This is part of God's prophetic ministry DEFICIT FINANCING San Diego colleague reminds, deficit seems in keeping with the Bible, the foundation of to have only two consequences. One drains the great freedom documents of our nation. Since the depression days of Franklin This prophecy was given to Pastor Pete, "The Delano Roosevelt there have been "emer­ capital away from the private sector of the economy which creates productive jobs with one chance to save Rural America is gency" federal deficits that have been ra­ its capital investments. through united Christian Prayer," thus saith tionalized in the same tireless rhetoric. The other is a thoughtless expansion of the the Lord. (see II Chronicles 7:14 for par­ I! we all hang in there with the good old allel) American genius we will contain and coun­ money s11pply which will subject the healthy part of our economy to further inroads of From its beginning on one station, KMHL, terbalance the rush to bankruptcy with inflation, the most serious threat it faces. Marshall, Mn., with a forty mile radius, boundless growth of the Gross National Prod­ June 6, 1971-this ministry is now covering uct-the dollar measurement in goods and It took 60 years, from 1789 to 1848, for the U.S. government to spend one billion dollars. eight states and parts of Canada with six­ services the national economy produces each Next year, under projections of the Ford teen one half hour broadcasts each week. year. Administration, it will take barely a day for ~.ts projection is a daily prayer call program, So say the soothing rationalizers, the latest Prayerways to Peace" three times daily to of which is outgoing Budget Director Roy L. the government to spend one billion dollars. And away we go on another "emergency" call Christians in Rural American states to Ash. In reassuringly holding our hands to prayer. This is ready for launching in the allay fears about what The Daily Oklahon::an that could cost a trillion in three years of the Ford Administration. Indeed, the flirtation spring of 1975. Daily prayers are prayed aptly terms "the creeping debacle," Mr. Ash seven days a week and on all broadcasts for reasons: with national bankruptcy is real. And Wash­ ington will be the scene of the wedding. our President and all in positions of lead~ "The upcoming $35 billion deficit for the ership in our nation. fiscal year ending next June 30 will equal No nation in world history has remained only about 2.4 percent of the $1.43 trillion strong two generations beyond the time it estimated GNP for 1975. And the $50 billion lost its strong Rural population. Rural deficit in prospect for the ensuing fiscal year PRAYER IN RURAL AMERICA America is the Nation's Heartland with the will amount only to about 3.2 of the esti­ lines of food, fibre and young men and mated $1.6 trillion GNP of 1976." wom~n transfusing our nation. Prayer Power, But, in Mr. Ash's shell game, he does not HON. RICHARD NOLAN Inc. 1s geared to keep Rural America strong :reveal that under that first shell at the OF MINNESOTA right, is a massive spending p:::-ogram by and make it stronger through daily, united federal, state and local governments that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES directed prayer. Anyone needing prayer can represents precisely one-third of the total Thursday, March 6, 1975 call anytime night or day for prayer. Gross National Product. This organization is not tied to any orga­ Further. President Ford, in recent brood­ Mr. NOLAN. Mr. Speaker, Pastor nized body but is native American. America ing over the growing enormity of federal as- Richard Peterson is serving the people of was built by "Uncommon, common men" 5572 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1975 and we believe it will be rebuilt the same which reflects the regard and respect of Countries relate to each other economically way-Prayer Power is people oriented­ all who are privileged to know him. through International trade. Prayer Power Is people. Praying people united Clue No. 4: Devaluation of the Dollar. in daily prayer. Our priority 1n this ministry President Nixon wanted to obtain a. more 1s people and no one is turned away re• favorable balance of our international trade gardless of circumstances--People have prl• so he, on two occasions, reduced the value ority in Prayer Power, Inc. DO WE NEED SHERLOCK HOLMES of the dollar. This made American goods If other parts of the nation would like TO SOLVE THE INFLATION MYS­ much more attractive, price-Wise to foreign to begin a. similar movement we would be TERY? countries. The demand for American goods ouly too happy to assist them 1n any way. was increased-and our rate of inflation was As the Pilgrim Fathers covenanted in the also increased from approximately 6% to Mayflower compact, "To The Glory of God.'' HON. BELLA S. ABZUG the double-digit figures now besetting us. this is our aim to glorify the God who has With the devaluation of the dollar, foreign OF NEW YO:RK given us this great land. currencies were worth more dollars, all at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES once. Was devaluation of the dollar some­ thing akin to printing billions of dollar bills, Thursday, March 6, 1975 putting them Into airplanes, flying all over EVERETT E. SCHELL Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, I would the world and dropping these billions of like to share with my colleagues the witty dollars of printed bills on foreign countries? insights and wise remedies for the cur­ Clue No. 5: Free trade. For th first two centuries of capitalism, HON. ALPHONZO BELL rent inflation-recession which appeared industries within each country were pro­ OF CALIFORNIA in a guest editorial in the Riverdale tected from foreign competition by tariffs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Press in its January 30 issue: This produced a. degree of stab111ty. PRESIDENT FORD, SHERLOCK HOLMES AND THE Since World War n, the world has em­ Thursday, March 6, 1975 MYSTERY OF THE GREAT .INFLATION barked on a. free trade adventure. The Gov­ Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, on Saturday, (By Jay I. Olnek) ernment attempts to increase trade by re­ ducing tariff barriers in our country and March 22, 1975, at the Century Plaza ScENE: The Oval Room in the White other countries. Free trade has become an Hotel in Century City, Calif., Mr. Everett House, Washington, D.C. end in itself. . E. Schell will be honored at a testimonial President FoRD: "Do come in, Mr. Holmes. Does this double-digit inflation beru.• any dinner hosted by the City of Hope Med­ I am so happy you accepted my invitation." relationship to this great new adventure, ical Center. SHERLOCK HOLMES: "It 1s Indeed an honor this voyage on uncharted waters? A native of the Midwest, Everett Schell to be invited, Mr. President. May I know Clue No. 6: The European Common Mar­ the purpose of this meeting?" ket. has been making influential contribu­ President FoRD: "I am sure you are well tions to labor relations for over three de­ There is "free trade" among the membe-rs aware of the problem besetting the dollar. of the European Common Market, and a cades. He was elected in 1946 and served Every year, its value becomes less and less. high rate of inflation (except for Germany). as executive secretary of the Metal Ordinarily, this would be a problem to be Clue No. 7: The German Mark. Trades Council of Southern California. handled by my economists. However, every Get•many has a relatively low t•ate of in­ He has served as business manager of time I meet with them, I get a headache. flation-about 6%. The German Mark is a the Southern California Trades Council One economist very learnedly presents one strong currency. When foreigners attempt No. 16 since 1952, and as vice president recommendation. Another economists uses to purchase goods from Germany, it there­ of the California State Building Trades equally learned language to recommend the fore costs them more. In fact. the German exa.c~ opposite. After every meeting, I must Mark is a form of trade barl"ier, reducing Council since 1966. rush out and take two aspirins. foreign demand for German goods. He has served as delegate to 18 Cali­ "Betty has become concerned about my Clue No. 8. The oil field equipment short­ fornia State Building Trades Conven­ health. As a. last resort, I am seeking your age. tions and 25 State AFL-CIO Conven­ help." Oil has been, or is being discovered all tions. He has been a member of the Pa­ SHERLOCK HOLMES: ''This 1s a little out of over the world We ourselves produce two­ cific Coast Metal Trades Negotiating my field. But let us examine the evidence. thirds of our oil needs from Texas, Louisiana, Committee for 5 years, the Los Angeles Perhaps it can show us a way .• ," Florida and California. Alaska wlll be pro­ Building Trades Minority Plan, and ad­ THE TWELVE CLUES ducing oil. There is oil in the Middle East, visory member of the Piping Industry Clue No. 1: The escalation of the interest Saudi A:l'abia., Kuwait and Iran. Nigeria. in rate proved ineffective. Africa is another source. Oil has been dis­ and Education Fund of Southern Cali­ covered off Scotland, off Norway, off Finland. fornia since 1959. Inflation ordinarily is caused by excessive demand for a. limited supply of goods. Fol­ China. and Russia. have great quantities of He has served on the Los Angeles lowing basic economic doctrine, the Govern­ oil. Oil has been discovered in Brazil and County District Attorney Advirory Com­ ment attempted to limit demand by increas­ Mexico. Libya., Venezuela. and Algeria. are mittee since 1964 and the California At­ ing the interest rate to an astronomical fig­ great sources of oil, and plans are being made torney General's Advisory Committee ure. The inflation continued apace, although to develop Egyptian oil. since 1970. demand was reduced. In fact, demand for It appears that this entire earth may lie On January 1 of last year, Everett goods within the country was reduced to upon a. bed or ocean of oil. However, oil Schell became vice president of the such an extent that we went into a. reces­ under the ground or under the ocean is not sion, and the Government 1s now following of much value untU it 1s brought to the United Association of Journeymen and surface. To bring oil above the ground, you Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe a. reverse course with respect to the interest rate. need drilling equipment and you need pipes. Fitting Industry of the United States and Is it possible that the excessive demand The greatest oil equipment producer in Canada. for American goods comes from outside the the world is the United States. It is U.S. com­ On Saturday evening, the Spirit of country rather than within the country? panies who are playing the leading role in Life Award will be presented to Everett Clue No. 2: Reduced Government spend­ developing oil resources throughout the Schell for his outstanding contributions ing proved ineffective. world. to his fellow men as an exemplary labor Both President Nixon and the present Ad­ The problem arises however, that as soon ministration failed to spend the full monies as oil is discovered in a foreign country, that leader and humanitarian, and a research country wants to get the maximum price for his appropriated by the Congress In an attempt fellowshil) will be established in name to limit inflation. With less money going into its oil. Therefore, it joins the oil cartel coun­ at the City of Hope. circulation within the country, there was tries or follows their prices. Everett Schell richly deserves this trib­ less purchasing by Ameticans. Again, this We must accordingly produce more oil ute. He has contributed so much to in­ seemed to make no difference to the rapid within our own country. However, there is a dustry, the cause of better labor rela­ small problem with respect to producing advance of inflation. more on ln this country. We do not have tions, and to the community. His human­ Is it foreign rather than American pm·­ itarian ideals and aspirations closely par­ suillcient equipment here to meet the needs chasing power, that is causing this inflation? of our independent oil producers, since we allel the great principles of the bene­ Clue No. 3: Inflation is world-wide. are exporting so much oil field equipment ficiary of this Testimonial-the City of In the past, we have seen inflation beset overseas. Hope and its pioneering programs of re­ one particular country or another because of Major oil companies are investing millions search and healing. economic conditions within the country In­ of dollars of American equipment-in on For these reasons, Mr. Speaker, it ts volved. Now the entire world (except for the cartel countries. These international on com­ . with special pleasU1·e that I call atten­ communist countries) is gobig beser:k. What panies have bought up all the on drilling tion to the honor which is being paid to makes inflation spread from one country to equipment that our factories can produce Mr. Schell on March 22. It is a tribute another? for the next two years. March 6, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5573 A Texas oilman, in the New York Times of When a government follows a certain eco­ to be imported in large quantities. Rice pro­ December 16, 1974: "If we could get the ·pipe nomic ·policy which produces undesired re­ duction has reached 70 per cent of the na­ and the rigs and other equipment, I honest- · sults, how would you get favorable results?" tional need and Ghana·hopes to become self­ ly believe that we could find enough fuel oil WATSON: "By changing the policy?" sufficient in rice this year. and gas in the next two or three years to HoLMES: "By reversing the policy, Watson." The success story of the economic recovery m ake up for the imports. Make that four WATSON: "Bless my soul! Why didn't I see during the past three years will for long be years, just to be safe." that before!" remembered. The strict discipline injected Is the oil shortage in the United States HoLMES: "Because it was too obvious, _my into the economy by the Government since actually an oil field equipment shortage? dear Watson .'' coming int o office has paid off so well that Clue No. 9: Zeroing in. (Concentrated the count ry has been able to record a bal­ Buying.) · ance of trade surplus for the first t ime in the Foreign governments may be short of a past two successive years. parti cul ::~,r product. Sudde!lly, they arrive GHANA'S 18TH ANNIVERSARY OF To improve the quality of life of the peo­ on the United States scene and buy up a INDEPENDENCE ple, the Government has introduced schemes huge quantity of this vital item, all at once; for accelerated improvement in housing, for example, wheat or building materials. A health and education. A crash programme on short age 1s created and prices rise. HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL low-cost houses for the low-income group Clue No. 10: Automobiles OF NEW YORK is being pursued vigorously and work is in 16 % of cars presently being sold in t h e progress to complete, this year alone, some United States are of foreign origin. Ameri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES five thousand houses started under the can auto plants have shut down. American Thu1·sday, March 6, 1975 scheme. automobile workers are jobless. With money A new "Health-on-Wheels" scheme, aiined from the sale of autos in the U.S., foreign Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, today, at providing more adequate medical services countries can buy products in the United marks the 18th anniversary of the in­ for the rural areas through mobile clinics, States, of which they are short-in concen­ dependence of the Republic of Ghana. has also been instituted. trated quantities. Originally known as the Gold Coast, The Government has recently laun ched a Clue No. 11: Foreign Credits. five-year development plan aimed at effect­ The United States gave the Soviet Union Ghana declared her independence from Great Britain on March 6, 1957. Since ing a structural transformation of·the coun­ $500,000,000 of purchasing power. This was· try's economy and promoting full and ef~ exercised in the big wheat deal, when all at that date, she has successfully achieved flcient use of all of the nation's resources. · once this money was spent on one product. a high degree of self-sufficiency while The O:overnment of Ghana has always en­ The cost of bread has been going up ever raising the standard of living of her peo­ couraged foreign participation in our econ­ since. ple. I take this occasion to submit to my omy, and during the past year many foreign Clue No. 12: The I.L.G.W.U.-The Voice colleagues the following paper, prepared companies, including United States busi­ 1n the Wilderness. nesses, took advantage of a wide range of The International Ladies Garment Work­ by the Embassy of Ghana, commemorat­ ing this Nation's extraordinary record of fiscal and tax incentives and good Infra­ ers Union has continually appealed, in its structure to invest in Ghana. The country radio and newspaper advertising, for Ameri­ achievement. continued to maintain very fruitful partner­ cans to buy American-made clothing. Never­ On this anniversary I join my col­ ships with United States companies, such as theless, the textile industry has been hard leagues in the Congressional Black Cau­ Kaiser Aluminum, Firestone Tire and Rubber hit by foreign imports made with cheap cus and throughout the Congress in sa­ Company, Union Carbide, and Star-Kist. labor. Businesses have gone under. Textile luting the achievement of Ghana and its To give practical expression to our rela- · workers have been laid off, and the number industrious people and the able efforts tions with our neighbours, Ghana. is export­ of workers has steadily decreased. ing electrical power to Togo and Dahomey SOLUTIONS of the distinguished Ambassador of Ghana to the United States, His Excel­ and continues to pursue a policy of friend­ Trade among nations is vital. Our own ship and co-operation with all countries. manufacturing cominunity needs many raw lency Samuel E. Quarm. We look for­ We are determined to succeed, and with materials. To obtain the funds to purchase ward to a strengthening of the already hard work and the sympathetic co-operation those raw materials, we must sell abroad. close ties of friendship between our of our friends, we are sure we will. However, free trade means excessive inter­ nations. national trade. We buy products we do not The paper follows: need, like automobiles or textiles. We export GHANA CELEBRATES 18TH ANNIVERSARY OF products we do need, like oil drilling equip­ INDEPENDENCE . .ment. MRS. MABEL ROBINSON Free trade has become an end in itself. Ghana today is celebrating the eighteenth The important thing is to buy, buy, buy anniversay of her Independence, at a time when the whole world is beset by inflation HON. MILLICENT FENWICK and to sell, sell, sell. But free trade opens coupled with sharp increases in the prices up a nation to the potential demand and NEW of petroleum products. Nonetheless, Ghana OF JERSEY purchasing power of the other three billion IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or so people on this earth. is forging ahead with determination in her Can our nation-or any other nation-ad­ development programme aimed at raising Thursday, March 6, 1975 just to the magnitude and vagaries of so the standard of living of her people. much purchasing power? Three years ago the Government of Ghana Mrs. FENWICK. Mr. Speaker, last Frl-·· To eliminate inflation: addressed herself to the major task of mak­ day evening, the Neighborhood Youth· 1. Revalue the dollar upward. ing the country self-reliant to the highest Corps and the Morris County Economic 2. Embargo exports of oil field equipment possible degree within her resolirces. The Opportunity Council honored Mrs. Mabel until the needs of our independent oil pro­ Government therefore placed emphasis on Robinson at a testimonial dinner. Be­ ducers have been satisfied. agricultural development as the general cause I was out of the country I was 3. Reduce the outflow of dollars. strategy to spearhead the country's economic unable to join those community leaders 4. Protect American industry and jobs development. The adoption of this policy was from foreign competition. dictated by the actual conditions of the in my district in paying a well-deserved 5. Place high tariffs on importation of economy at that time, and Ghanians were tribute to a most outstanding citizen and automobiles, textiles and other manufac­ called upon to muster all available resources a very old and valued friend in the Fifth tured goods that we produce here. to produce the food needed by the nation. Congressional District of New Jersey. We 6. Limit foreign credits and spread the use The programme known as "Operation Feed have worked together in many good· of such credits over a period of time. Yourself" was regarded as an· emergency op­ causes and I have always counted on her 7. Give foreign aid in goods rather than eration aimed at reducing the country's crippling dependence on food imports. The friendship and advice. dollars. Mrs. Robinson's many achievements 8. Control foreign government purchases years 1972-74 were therefore declared to be within the United States and spread such "Agricultural War Years", devoted to the during a long and distinguished career purchases over a period of time. increased production of selec·ted crops and · of public service are well known in the 9. Form a business-labor coalition to de­ livestock. community and I would like to share fend their mutual interests. The basic policy under the programme 1s some of them with my colleagues. the rapid and orderly development of agri­ Starting in 1923, when she joined the SHERLOCK ·HOLMES WITH DR. WATSON culture towards self-sufficiency in food and WATSON: "Holmes, it was uncanny how you raw materials and the diversification of agri­ New Jersey Federation of Colored Wom­ were able to solve the economic inflation for · cultural exports. en's Clubs, Mrs. Robinson has contrib­ President Ford. What led' you to the discovery Production targets have been exceeded, arici uted her time and talen~ to. a host of of·the Twelve Clues'?" · · Ghana has become self-sufficient in maiz~ worthwhile organizations. A partial list HoLMEs: "It · was ·elementary, ·watson. ·' the s ~apl_e. food of the majority.:..:._:which -~~cf . includes the Madison Parent-Teachers

~ .. ' .. : ... : 5574 , EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 0, 1975 Association, the Morris County World AID TO THE UNEMPLOYED IN could be increased to 39 weeks. Claims al­ Citizenship program; the National Coun- · INDIANA ready expfred may not be reopened tor ex­ cil of Negro Women, the Delta Chapter , tension. Payments are reduced by 50 per cent, of Lambda Kappa Mu Sorority, the Mor­ after the initial 26 week period. ris County Chapter of the National As­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON Federal Supplemental Benefits sociation of Colored People, the Morris OF INDIANA This is a temporary program for high un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES employment areas. Indiana residents are County Urban League, the Madison­ eligible. Benefits are extended 13 weeks be­ Florham Park Human Relations Com­ Thursday, March 6, 1975 yond the normal 39 week maximum. Re­ mittee, the New Jersey State Centennial Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would quirements and payments are the same as Committee and the Morris County Ter­ like to bring to my colleagues' attention for the first 13 week extension. No claim centenary Committee. an updated report on aid to the unem­ may be filed afte~ Deceml;>er 31, 1975. Mrs. Robinson was cited in 1965 as ployed in Indiana. This reflects informa­ Special unemployment assistance New Jersey's Mother of the Year. tion I have received on unemployment This is a Federally funded program admin­ From 1967 until last September, she compensation since my first report ap­ istered by the state. Its purpo:::e is to extend served as director as the Neighborhood unemployment compensation to perwns not Youth Corps, a project of the Morris peared in the REcORD on February 25. normally covered by existing programs and County Economic Opportunity. Council. AID TO UNEMPLOYED IN INDIANA to aid high-employment areas. Benefits are Mrs. Mabel Robinson throughout her COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS the same as for the regular state progra.m, lifetime has personified the ideal of good These are the only agencies that act as but may not be extended beyond 26 weeks. clearing houses for social services informa­ Requirements citizenship. The grateful community she tion. Their Outreach program functions to has served so well for so many years is Must have earned $500 within a year of find out what is neaded, refer clients to the the day claim is filed. Not necessary to have in her debt. proper agencies and then follow up to ensure worked during the last six months of the proper services are provided. They also act base period as in the regular plan. as advocates, interceding on behalf of the Eligibility requirements are more flexible. poor in disputes with government agencies. Occupations not covered by the regular pro­ Eligibility gram may meet its requirements. EIGHTEENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE Their mandate is to help those below the Applicants should file claims at nearest INDEPENDENCE OF GHANA poverty line, but they will assist anyone in Employment Security Division office. A SO­ economic trouble. No stringent guidelines are cial Security card and a list of all employers followed. for whom applicant worked during the last HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. Availability of services 52 weeks are required. Applicants must agree OF OHIO All 9th District counties except Fayette, to register for work and to accept employ­ Franklin and Decatur are served by C.A.P.s. ment in their field of experience. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Locations This is a temporary program authorized Thursday, March 6, 1975 L.O.W. Economic Development Corporation only until March 31, 1976. No claim may be Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, today (Washington County), P.O. Box 205, Mitchell, filed after December 31, 1975 unless the marks the 18th anniversary of Ghana. I Phone 849-4457. Congress extends the program. call this celebration to the attention of Lincoln Hills Development Corporation FOOD STAMPS (Harrison County), P.O. Box 113, Troy, Phone Benefits my colleagues because often in debates on 547- 8621. issues related to developing nations, BBJ Community Action Agency (Human Free or discounted food. Stamps are bought great emphasis is put on the need for Services, Inc.) (Bartholomew, Brown, Jack­ at a state Food Stamp office and ueed like those countries to assert a more intense son), Box 588, Columbus, Phone 372-8047. money at the grocery store. effort to resolve their own probelms. Floyd County Economic Opportunity Cor­ Eligibility Ghana, in my opinion, is an example of a poration (Floyd), Room 122 City-County In general, the eligib111ty requirements are developing country that is doing just Bldg., New Albany, Phone 945-2349. the same as for welfare or Township Trustee Clark County Community Action Agency poor relief. Households not on assistance that. (Clark), 201 National Avenue, Jeffersonville, may still be eligible if income does not exceed This western African nation is deter­ Phone 282-0456. mined to raise the standard of living of Southeastern Indiana Economic Opportu­ specified limits in relation to their size: her people through her own development nity Corporation (Switzerland, Dearborn, Income program. To achieve that goal, the gov­ Ohio, Ripley), 237 Main Street, Aurora, Family size: dollars ernment 3 years ago initiated a plan to Phone 926-1585. make the nation as self-reliant as possi­ Ohio Valley Opportunities, Inc. (Jefferson, 1 ------194 ble within her resources. The emphasis Jennings, Scott), First and Broadway, Madi­ 2 ------~------230 son, Phone 265-5858. 3 ------~-- 406 of the program was "Operation Feed Monroe County Community Action Pro­ 4 ------513 Yourself." Its purpose was to reduce de­ gram (Monroe), 101 S. College Avenue, 5 ------606 pendence on food imports by increasing Bloomington, Phone 339-3447. 6 ------700 7 ------793 production of certain crops and livestock. UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION Between 1972 and 1974, the production 8 ------886 Regular State program 9 ------959 targets of the program were exceeded 10------1,032 enabling Ghana to become self -sufficient Benefits Payment of $60 to $100 a week, determined For fa.m1lies over 10, add $73 for each addi­ in maize, the staple food of the majority by number of dependents and historical tional member. of her people. Self-suffi.ciency in rice pro­ earnings. Maximum payments for the first A family's resources, including cash on duction we almost attained. 26 weeks are: hand, stocks and bonds, savings and checking As efforts continue in the agriculture 4 dependents, $100 a week. accounts, property, automobiles and other field, the Government of Ghana now has 3 dependents, $90 a week. personal property are considered in deciding introduced programs designed to improve 2 dependents, $80 a week. eligibillty. Except .for deductible items, total health, housing, and education condi­ 1 dependent, $70 a week. family resources may not exceed $1500 ex­ No dependents, $60 a week. tions. As a result, it is anticipated that cept when a member is over 60; then, the 5,000 homes for low-income individuals Requirements for Eligibility limit is $3000. Generally, one car, a house will be started this year. In addition, Must have made $500 during the base and lot, household goods, life insurance pol­ mobile health clinics will be sent into period, the first four of the last five quarters icte~ pension funds and personal ·effects the rural areas. before a claim is filed. are deductible. Must have worked the last six months of Benefits Most recently Ghana has begun a 5- the base period. year development program to restructure Must have worked in a field covered by the Each family is allowed to buy a maximum the nation's economy and to insure that program. Usually farm and domestic work are number of stamps every month, according to her resources will be used efficiently. not covered. its size. Stamp prices vary with ability to pay I commend the people of Ghana and Must register for work and be willing to as measured by net income and family size. her governmental officials for their de­ accept work in field of experience. Net income is calculated by subtracting the termined efforts, and I congratulate Extension of Benefits following deductibles from gross income: them as they celebrate this anniversary Outstanding claims may be extended by Ten per cent of earned inpome, but not of their independence. up to 50 per cent, i.e. a 26 week entitlement more than $30 a month. March 6, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5575 Federal, state and local income tax, FICA but not books; supplies, school meals or fee for one telephone, special local assess­ tax, retirement payments, union dues and transportation. ments. (Only for place of residence.) some types of garnishments. Unusual expenses such as fire, flood or The following table indicates food stamp Medic.al costs of more than $10 a month theft loss or funeral costs. costs to families of varying sizes and in­ Court-ordered support or alimony pay­ comes. Note that a family of 4 with a net except for special diets. ments. income of $452 would pay $130 for food Child or invalid care costs when neces­ Shelter costs if more than 30 per cent of stamps worth $154. The same family with a sary to enable member to work or take part household income as calculated after all net income of $'81 would pay $19 for $154 in job training. other deductions. Includes rent, mortgage worth of stamps and would be ineligible for Tuition and required fees for education, payments, utilities, real estate taxes, basic the program if its income were to rise to $510.

FOOD STAMP ALLOTMENTS AND PURCHASE REQUIREMENTS (EFFECTIVE JAN. 1)

Number of persons in household Number of persons in household 48 States and District of Columbia 4 48 States and District of Columbia

Monthly coupon allotment______$46 $84 $122 $154 $182 $210 $238 $266 $270 to $289.99 ______$64 $76 $77 $78 $79 $80 $81 Monthly net income and monthly purchase $290 to $309.99 ______82 83 84 85 86 87 requirement: $310 to $329.99 ______88 89 90 91 92 93 $0 to $19.99 ______0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $330 to $359.99 _____ ------______94 95 96 97 98 99 $20 to $29.99 ______1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 $360 to $389.99 ______100 104 105 106 107 108 $30 to $39.99 ______4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 $3 0 to $419.99 ______104 113 114 115 116 117 $40 to $49.99 ______6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 $420 to $449.99 _____ ------______-- 122 123 124 125 126 $50 to $59.99 ______8 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 $450 to $479.99 ____ ------____ ------______130 132 133 134 135 $60 to $69.99 ______10 12 13 13 14 14 15 16 $480 to $509.99 ______------____ -----______-- 130 141 142 143 144 $70 to $79.99 ______12 15 16 16 17 17 18 19 $510 to $539.99 ____ ------______------_ 130 150 151 152 153 $80 to $89.99 ___ ------14 18 19 19 20 21 21 22 $540 to $569.99 ____ ------______-----·------_ 154 160 161 162 $90 to $99.99 ______------16 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 $570 to $599.99 ______------____ ------· 154 169 170 171 $100 to $109.99 ______18 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 $600 to $629.99 _____ ------______------______154 178 179 180 $110 to $119.99 ______21 26 27 28 29 31 32 33 $630 to $659.99 ______------____ ------______178 188 189 $120 to $129.99 ______24 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 $660 to $689.99 ___ __ ------______178 197 198 $130 to $139.99 ______27 32 33 34 36 37 38 39 $690 to $719.99 ____ ------______------______178 202 207 $140 to $149.99 ______30 35 36 37 39 40 41 42 $720 to $749.99 ____ ------______------______202 216 $150 to $169.99 ______33 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 $750 to $779.99 ____ ------______202 225 $170 to $189.99 ______36 44 46 47 48 49 50 51 $780 to $809.99. ______------______------______----- __ 202 226 $190 to $209.99 ______36 50 52 53 54 55 56 57 $810 to $839.99 ___ ------_____ ------____ ------226 $210 to $229.99 ______56 58 59 60 61 62 63 $840 to $869.99 ___ ------______------______------226 $230 to $249.99 ______62 64 65 66 67 68 69 $870 to $899.99 ______226 $250 to $269.99 ______64 70 71 72 73 74 75

Because of administrative delays, food Requirements Persons Eligible stamp recipients usually must wait more Income must be below $438 a quarter for Disabled workers under 65 and their fami­ than six weeks before receipt of the first an individual or $657 a quarter for a couple lies. stamps. No interim relief is available except except $60 a quarter of retirement income Persons disabled before age 22. possibly from the Township Trustees or pri­ and $195 plus half of remainder of earned Disabled widows, disabled dependent vate agencies. income may be deducted. widowers, disabled divorced wives (un der TOWNSHIP TRUSTEES Resources (bank accounts, cash on hand, some conditions) . Township trustees are budgeted a small stocks, etc.) must be less than $1500 for an Medicare amount of money for "poor relief." They do individual or $2250 for a couple. Homes, cars, Available to anyone who has been en­ not operate continuing relief programs, but personal effects and household goods of "rea­ titled to disability checks tor two or more could assist those who are experiencing de­ sonable value" are not counted so long as consecutive years. lay in getting food stamp approval. they are essential to self-support. Benefits Township relief budgets are so small that Benefits some run out of money before year's end Calculation of benefits is complex. The A person living alone receives $146 a month table below is only a guide: and can do nothing until the next appropria­ while a couple receives $219 a month. Under tion. Also, since the trustees' offices are often Average yearly certain conditions the amount is reduced, earnings open only a few hours a day, it may be diffi­ usually because the recipient receives extra Maximum family payments: ajter 1950 cult to track one down. income from some other source or is hospital­ $141 ------$923 Some trustees hire no employees, do no ized for an entire month. investigation and rely on person-to-person 297 ------3,000 Disability claims should be filed at the 489 ------5,000 interviews to determine eligibility. They have nearest Social Security Office. sole discreton in deciding who gets money 549 ------6,000 and how much. SOCIAL SECURITY DISABILITY 598 ------7,000 This program is an extension of Social Se­ 651 ------8,000 SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME curity. It differs from SSI because it is open 689 ------9,000 This is a nationwide program designed to only to those who have earned Social Secur­ 722 ------10,000 aid the aged, blind and disabled. State pro­ ity credits. Criteria for determining disabil­ In general, the disabled person will not grams for these groups have been ended. ity are essentially identical, but benefits can be paid at all for the period between the D efinitions be much higher than under SSI, depending time he applies and five full months later. Aged: over 65 on yearly average income under Social If the disability began at least six months Security. before he made application, some back pay­ Blind: vision no better than 20-200 with Eligibility correction or tunnel vision (limited visual ment can be made, but the waiting period field of 20 degrees or less). Work Credits of fl. ve months will still be in force. Disabled: physical or mental impairment Length of work needed depends on age at A person already recovered from a dis­ ability that lasted a year or more may re­ which prevents a person from doing any time of disablement: Under 24--0ne and a half years in the ceive back payment if he files within 14 substantial work and is expected to last months of his recovery. at least a year or to result in death. three-year period ending when the disability begins. MEDICAID The SSA is strict in determining disability. 24 through So-Half the time between age A person may be unable to do any work that Thos~ who qualify for Medicaid receive 21 and the time of disablement. free medical and dental care. Hospital and is available near his place of residence or 31 and older-Five years of work out of even in his state, may be unable to do any physician charges, dental work, eyeglasses the last ten years before disablement. and prescribed medicine are covered as are full-time work at all and still be considered Years need not be continuous or in units certain necessary appliances such as crutches employable by SSA. A single doctor's state­ of full years. and wheelchairs. ment that a person is disabled is not suffi­ The Blind Some limitations are placed on the kind cient proof; SSA reviews medical records and Some special provisions are made for the and amount of dental work and on such examination results and makes its own deci­ blind. Most important is a relaxed definition things as the frequency of eyeglass replace­ sion in each case. of "disabled" for blind between 55 and 65. ment. · Unusual equipment needs (wheel- 5576 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1975 chairs, hearing aids, etc.) must be approved the inspirational story of a young black Two balls struck Crispus; he fell by the State Welfare Department. couple whose shared interest in the black lifeless on the spot. Eligibility experience has produced beautiful po- · Weeping Freedom· embraced the soul AFDc-an eligible AFDC recipients are etry. Corrie and Roberta Haines are able of its American patriot. covered. to combine their prodigious talents to Aged, blind and disabled-coverage for this · collaborate in writing poetic tributes to group is the same as for dependent chll­ BLEAK FORECASTS BELIE U.S. dren. Eligib111ty requirements are roughly the heroes and heroines of Afro-Ameri­ parallel to the SSI guidelines. can history. They are a young married STRENGTH couple, residing in the Washington area, AID FOR DEPENDENT CHILDREN who find time for their creative efforts This is the core program for Indiana wel­ HON. JACK BROOKS fare assistance. Payments are made to the while both pursuing graci.uate studies. Corrie Roberts, a native Clevelander, is OF TEXAS parent who cares for a dependent child. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Eligibility 25 years old and a student of Afro­ Thursday, March 6, 1975 Any dependent child under 18 who has American studies at Howard University. been deprived of the support of one or both His ~4-year-old . wife Roberta is a stu­ Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, Jack An­ parents and whose retnaining parent or dent of library science at Catholic Uni­ derson and Les Whitten have combined guardian is unable to adequately support versity. The two young scholars have efforts to write what I believe is a pretty him/her is eligible. One parent must be dead, already successfully pooled their consid­ good article on the current state of af­ incapacitated or absent if the child is to erable abilities to produce a volume of fairs in our country. Instead of a column, be ellgible. Indiana, unlike some other states, published poetry entitled "As I See It," makes no provision for the father who is it is more like a good editorial. which appeared in June of 1974. That It is a concise yet indepth report which unemployed but lives at home. same summer Corrie and Roberta jour­ Benefits brings into perspective the problems of neyed to Ghana at the invitation of the unemployment, high prices, high taxes Maximum benefit is $150 for a parent and African Council of Arts and the Afro­ one child plus $50 for each additional child. and the basic economic dilemma we are The benefit amount is determined on a American Studies Department of How­ in today. case-by-case basis, taking into account any ard University, in order to study the way It is an optimistic editorial when com­ outside income. Food stamps are not counted of life of the Asanti people. During their pared with the situation which existed as outside income. visit they were able to tape the oral his­ during the Great Depression, but it brings Any chlld eligible for AFDC is also eligible tory of the Asantis as told by the elders more into focus the strength of the for Medicaid as is the parent who cares for of the tribe. Currently they are tran­ him/her. United States and what we stand to lose scribing the tapes, working in collabora­ unless this administration and the Con­ VETERANS ADMINISTRATION tion with famed historian John Hope gress take careful steps to: While the Veterans Administration offers Franklin. The Haines plan to return to no social services programs, certain of its .•. strike a bold but delicate balance be­ Ghana this summer to do more research tween short-term action to halt the slide and benefits could be of use to the veteran with in hopes of publishing a book on the economic di1ficulties, especially hospitaliza­ long-term austerity to choke off permanent tion and vocational training. In addition, history of the Asantis. I was so impressed lnfiation. those with service-connected disabilities can with the story of these remarkable young people that I felt compelled to share the The text of the article from The Wash­ receive pensions, vocational rehabilitation ington Post, Thursday, March 6, 1975, services, etc. experience with my colleagues. To fur­ ther acquaint my colleagues with this follows: Free hospitalization (From the Washington Post, March 6, 19751 Any veteran-but not his family-can re­ talented young couple I submit this ex­ ceive free in-patient care at veterans hos­ ample of their joint efforts: BLEAK FORECASTS BELIE U.S. STRENGTH pitals, even for non-service-connected in­ CRISPUS ATTUCKS (By Jack Anderson and Les Whitten) juries or diseases. Limited out-patient care (By Corrie and Roberta) Most Americans have never known a time is available to those patients who would re­ when economic expectations weren't bright. quire hospitalization without it. Two vet­ Slaveholder William Browne of Framingham, For two-thirds of the population, there has erans hospitals are located near the 9th a town in Massachusetts, been a steady rise in living standards. District: Indianapolis and Louisvme. October second, seventeen-fifty, But now, the outlook has suddenly turned ran an add in the Boston Gazette: Educational benefits bleak. No longer can Americans count on a . . . . ten pounds reward for return of better life for less effort. The VA will provide payments for voca­ my chattel .... Crispus Attucks I own Will the response be panic, a demand by tional training for any veteran within 10 as I do my cattle ...• each distressed group that it be subsidized? years of his discharge date. Some limitations But Crispus, as though by fate directed, Or wm there be a recognition that belts must are imposed, but most training is acceptable eluded his captors; not one collected so long as it is part of a program toward an be tightened, overdue accounts reconciled, the ten pounds reward placed on his head. dreams deferred, individual productivity in­ identifiable vocation. A few areas (such as Crispus Attucks successfully fled creased and the price paid for the costly bartending) are prohibited. Programs are: to Boston, then to open sea; development of new sources of energy? 1. On-the-job training. The veteran works slave to sailor to liberty. so far, the emphasis has been on special for an employer at a journeyman's wage Armed with fortitude for survival pleading and hot air. while the VA pays the employer part of the transmitted through his seeds, At their recent Washington conclave, big salary. he transvalued Christian ethics city mayors invoked the specter of mass riot­ 2. College level training. The veteran re­ and Democratic creeds. ing and mob violence unless they get $15 ceives monthly checks while he attends a At twenty-seven years of age, six foot billion in immediate federal aid. college or university. Payment is calculated two and stout, Leaders of four national unions threaten according to the number of dependents and curly haired Crispus learned what to march on Washington by hundreds of number of credit hours enrolled. Full-time freedom was about. thousands of unemployed workers. Penn Cen­ (12 or more credit hours) monthly benefits For twenty years they sailed together tral regularly issues doomsday announce­ range from $270 for a single veteran to $366 as captain and first mate, ments, warning of a total shutdown, unless for one with two dependents. In addition. 'til March the fifth of seventy it gets more money from the Treasury. $22 a month is provided for each dependent which proved to be their date A leading businessman, Eli Black of United over two. with Captain Preston and his Redcoats Brands, has revived the 1929 syndrome by 3. Correspondence courses. VA pays 95 per of the 29th Regiment jumping to his death from the 44th fioor of cent of cost. w]lo occupied the colony without the Pan Am building in New York. Marxist citizenry consent. economists have come out of the closet and That Monday, soldiers enraged the town on to the lecture circuit. YOUNG BLACK COUPLE'S POETRY by their maltreatment of a boy; Capsule news bulletins keep dinning each SALUTES BLACK HISTORY the citizens began searching for month that the number of unemployed is the highest since the Great Depression. And a leader to employ. nightly television interviews at unemploy­ HON. LOUIS STOKES From Jackson's Corner Crlspus came ment lines keep turning up angry men who without a weapon in his hands, say they'll commit crime before they'll go OF OHIO to Custom's House on King Street, without. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES shouting, "Drive tyranny from our landl,. Well, we don't ·think this theater of the Thursday, March 6, 1975 , Just seeing Crispus unafraid, the people hysterical refiects either the c.o~dltion of the became inspired; by his country ·or the temper of most Americans. Mr. .STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I want to words he moved a country, Our system is stronger and our people more bring to the attention of my colleagues even as the British fired. resil1ent, we believe, than they are portrayed. March 6, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5577 Let's begin by putting a few facts in per- gram have been prepared during recent it is the community that bears the unpaid spective: .. weeks. Prof. S. Fred Singer of the De­ costs which come from the use of the auto­ Six million unemployed out of 80 mlllion mobile: noise, pollution, accidents, road workers is bad news. But during the Depres­ partment of Environmental Sciences, maintenance, and traffic snarls which increase sion, we had 12 million jobless out of 35 University of Virginia, has published an all cost from the delivery of goods to gar­ m illion. excellent article on the President's pro­ bage collection. Yet the motorist does not p ay The prices of most goods have skyrocketed. posals. I am happy to insert Professor his fair share. Yet before we decide that our productive Singer's remarks into the RECORD for the OIL PROPOSALS m echanism is slipped over a precipice, con­ benefit of my colleagues: With respect to oil, :W...r. Ford was per­ sider that a major appliance can be pur­ ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT FORD'S ENERGY suaded to use a price mechanism rather than chased today from the wages of only half the PROGRAM mandatory allocations. But rai ~ ing the pri~e hours required 10 years ago. artificially by imposing large tariffs on im­ Taxes are distressingly high. Still, the per­ WHAT MR. FORD'S ENERGY PROPOSALS MEAN ports and taxes on domestic oil is a drastic centage of our income going for taxes of all Full credit should be given to President measure. We have already ceen the effect s kinds is under 30 per cent, the second lowest Ford for at least "biting the bullet" and com­ of the artificial price increase imposed by among the 13 top industrial nations. ing up with a comprehensive :::et of energy the oil producer cartel. Mr. Ford's proposals Sixty per cent of American families own proposals. The kindest thing one can say have the potential of causing further infla­ their own homes. Social Security and Med­ about them, however, is that they are not all tion and of really hurting many segments of icare payments provide protection not avail­ bad. They do stay clear of mandatory con­ the economy. There are other dangers in an able during the Depression. Federal insur­ trols, of federally fouled-up fuel allocations, arbitrary price rise, not the least of which is ance assures that bank failures will be iso­ and of bureaucratically-organized rationing. that OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum­ lated and no depositor will be victimized. They do place major reliance on market Exporting Countries, may decide to raise the Unemployment compensation, food stamps, forces. Their overwhelming aim seems to be price on their own to make up for reduced federalized welfare and other programs to cut oil imports by one million barrels per sales. Such a price rise would of course fur­ provide a fioor above Dickensian destitution. day (which is about 15 % of all oil imports, ther increase world problems, particularly in But the most reassuring facet of all, in only 6 % of current oil consumption, and le~s countries that are being bankrupted by the our view, is the quality of the American than 3 % of current U.S. energy consump­ existing high price of oil. people. In the past few months, we have re­ tion). An artificial increase in price is sup­ Even though the aim of the oil tariff and ceived 750,000 letters in response to an in­ posed to discourage oil consumption, but in tax is to cut down the use of gasoline, ~t v·itation to readers to tell us how they felt the process we may be buying a lot of tough works out that the percentage increase is about the country and to suggest a slogan problelllS which none of us-certainly not greatest for fuel oil and least for gasoline. for next years bicentennial celebration. Mr. Ford-has bargained for. This means that all heating costs will go up, From these letters we have gained a pic­ as well as the cost of electricity, fertilizer, ture of a people in times of turmoil and VOLUNTARY CONSERVATION FIGHTS INFLATION food, and all manufactured goods. It would disappointment. What shows through is a AND RECESSION also make U.S. exports more expensive and love of country undampened by the betray­ It is a real pity that voluntary conservation certainly hurt our trade balance. It reml.ins als of unworthy le9.ders, an idealism undi­ of energy-at the individual and at the com­ to be seen whether OPEC will use such price minished by the sight of so much high chi­ munity level-has not been given a meaning­ rises as an excuse for further raising their canery, a willingness to sacrifice for the ful chance. There has never been imaginative price of oil. One can only hope that the tar­ common good. leadership to mount a real grassroots effort iff and tax combination will be temporary Dozens of organizations also responded. against waste. We know for example, that and soon forgotten. But perhaps, before it We were contacted by Edward J. Piszek, 28 o/o of all petroleum is used by private cars, fades away, it will have produced some more president of the Copernicus Society of Amer­ and that the savings Mr. Ford wants can be imaginative proposals for cutting energy use ica, who wanted to participate. The society made if the millions of people who drive to without using a sledge hammer. is now putting up a $5,000 first prize for the work and school were to share more rides One good thing about the President's pro­ best slogan and 13 runner-up prizes ranging and generally eliminate nonessential driving posal is that it abolishes the existing two­ from $500 to $1,000. to the tune of about 20%. Nor has there been tier price system for oil, under which "old" American Motors offered a station wagon a concerted effort to teach people how to oil (from wells existing before 1973) sells for to the winner, and Holiday Inns will put up save energy in their homes. Such simple econ­ a strictly controlled price of $5.25 a barrel the winning family at its motels anywhere omies, as keeping the temperature a few de­ and uncontrolled new oil for around $11. The in America for 30 days. grees lower than usual, plugging any leaks whole purpose of this distortion was to avoid The Interna"tional Association of Fairs and which waste heat, and using more insulation, "windfall" profits to the oil industry-but Expositions will make the bicentennial slo­ could cut home consumption of energy­ the cure may be worse than the disease. con­ gan search part of 2,800 fairs around the and fuel bills-by as much as 50%. I suppose gress has already set up a "price equaliza­ country. The American Song Festival will if Mr. Ford would wear a heavy sweater to tion" program which is designed to over­ invite aspiring composers to set the win­ work and everyone were to follow suit, then come this price difference to refiners; and ning slogans to music. the excess heat in office buildings would soon there are various kinds of other distortions The Jaycees, American Legion, Urban get turned down too. produced by the artificial two-tier system­ League, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, General Cutting wasteful uses of petroleum by only all of them decreasing the efficiency of oil re­ Federation of Women's Clubs and the Na­ 6 % should present no real problem-except covery, at the ultimate expense of the con­ tional Education Association are involved. that the consumer does not yet realize that sumer. Simply abolishing the two-tier price Even Baseball Commissioner Bowie Kuhn energy conservation is good for him. How? system might be enough to give Mr. Ford wants to promote the slogan search at base­ First of all, it saves him money; and secondly, the cut in imports that he wants--partly ball games. it is the only sure way of bringing down from a resulting higher average price which Slogans should be addressed to Slogans, energy prices in the long run. What house­ reduces demand, and partly from a greater USA, Box 1976, Washington, D.C. wives have discovered from their boycott of supply as producers pump harder in exist­ The temper of the times, then, !i.s not for meat, they need to rediscover for gasoline ing fields to recover more "old" oil. mass marches on the Capitol to bullrag Con­ and fuel oil. But most important, it would The main reason for reducing imports gress for benefits, or for billion-dollar grabs avoid some of the drastic measures which would seem to be national security, yet that by ailing power blocs. Mr. Ford is now recommending, and the even part of the President's program has not been It is a temper which recognizes that in less attractive alternatives which are being particularly well handled. There should be the months ahead the President and Con­ talked about in Congress. no objection to imports as such, provided gress must calmly deliberate and strike a Unlike mandatory measures which have that they are not excessively priced and pro­ bold but d..:licate balance between short-term the potential of causing serious economic dis­ vided that there is an adequate supply of oil action to halt the slide and long-term locations, voluntary conservation is deter­ so that a cut.-off cannot produce any impor­ austerity to choke off permanent inflation. mined by the individual judgements of mil­ tant economic disruptions. In fact, the very lions of users who will reduce consumption existence of a stockpile would discourage as long as it benefits them. The money saved anyone from even applying an embargo. Fur­ is generally spent on other goods. In this thermore, a stockpile protects also against ac­ way, energy conservation can fight infiation cidental cut-offs, as well as against sabotage PRESIDENT FORD'S ENERGY and recession at the same time. I believe by third parties. PROGRAM that most Americans would be more than The Ford proposal apparently envisages a.n willing to follow a leadership that makes eventual billion-barrel Government-run these facts clear to them. The real action, stockpile somewhere in the Gulf of Mexico HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER however, is at the local government level. A region. A more desirable propos9.l would make OF VmGINIA properly organized community effort can the oil industry expand existing stockpiles plug heat leaks and teach people how to save without delay by insisting that each im­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES energy in the home-permanently. And high­ porter maintain X number of days of oil Thursday, March 6, 1975 er parking charges and gasoline excise taxes, stockpiled in the United States. This is the coupled with better public transit service system used by European countries, and it Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, numerous and convenient car pooling arrangements, works very well. The oil companies would analyses of President Ford's energy pro- can cut down on wasteful driving. After all, then devise the most efficient stockpiling 5578 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1975 system; even though the cost would have to be handled without endangering the health of 2,000 Christian Arabs, is now a near ghost be passed along to the consumer, it would be of the Americ:tn publir. ; but a detailed dis­ town. Known for its simple but striking kept down by co·mpetition. The increased cussion would lead us too far afield here. brown and tan pottery. its kilns are now cold. cost, essentially an insurance premium, THE ENVmONMENT AND OTHER PROBLEMS In the past year, five villagers have been would further dampen down the consump­ killed and over 30 wounded by Israel air and The environmental proposal that deserves artillery bombardment. The pottery factory tion of oil-without the use of artificial greatest support is Mr. Ford's request to t.axes. has been smashed by bombs. Scores of ot hers freeze automobile emission standards for five have been damaged by shelling. Hun dreds As far as the source of the oil stookpile 1s years at the present level. There is over­ concerned, the White House h as tried to re­ of the village's residents are now refugees, whelming evidence now that t h e much having fled to the slums of Sidon and Beirut assure us that it would come from domestic stricter standards originally envisioned in the sources and not increase imports. This, of to tha north. Only 100 residents remain . A 1970 Clean Air Act would have resulted in a few of t h e village-rs still farm, but most of course, is nonsense ! If, in fn.c "':; , domestic oil wast e of resources to the tune of some 10 1s used, say oil from the Naval Petroleum them are afraid to b ~cause the fields are billion dollars a year. We don't need this, st rafed. Reserve at Elk Hills, California, this simply since we can achieve n early all of t h e benefits means that more oil would have to be im­ We visit St. George's, the Greek Ort b odox for just a fract ion of this cost. Mr. Ford's Church, now t h e center of life in the village. ported to make up for this deficit. In my proposal would give us enough time to carry opinion, the oil companies should be able The dim interior is grimy but charmin g with out a less costly approach, and one which its crowded display of 19 chandeliers donated to buy the oil wherever they can do so at would save a good d eal of energy as well. the lowest price. They may well be able to by benefactors. After five straight days of A major underlying problem n ot mentioned bombing in lVIay 1974, the residents who make a special deal with an oil-producing by Mr. Ford is the confidence gap which couldn't afford to flee le~ t their houses an d country which would like to sell a larger exists between the energy companies, espe­ amount, particularly right now while prices moved into the church. "We know it isn't cially the oil companies, on the one hand, raally safe," admits the vlllage mukhtar are stlll high. There are obvious possibilities and the general public and the Congress on here of breaking down the oil cartel, pro­ (mayor), "but people feel safer in one place. the other hand. The sticking point seems to It is faith and some superstition that we vided the stockpiling is handled properly. be high profits, so-called "windfall" because GAS, COAL AND NUCLEAR ENERGY won't be kllled in God's place." But already the inventories of oil in the ground are now cracks have appeared in the walls and roof While oil oocupies the main portion of the worth more. But companies cannot con­ from the impact of nearby shells. And in President's energy message-as it should­ sume these profits or use them up like people October, the roof caught on fire from an in­ every other energy so·urce is of importance do. Dividends paid out of profits already cendiary shell. In one end of the room, people also. With respect to natural gas, we should carry a heavy tax; the profits kept by the have made beds of coffins. have learned by now that the shortages are companies must be used for investing in A tour of the village shows the crumbling real and not contrived, and will get worse much costlier future energy resources. Per• houses, abandoned possessions, a cemetery every year. There is little question anymore sonally, I favor letting the companies put with shattered crosses and memorial wreaths that price regulation 1s the cause of this their profits into the Treasury by buying blackened by air strikes. An old woman shortage. Mr. Ford has proposed deregulation federal oil leases. Eventually this cost will be holds up an intact American-made shell, of the price of "new" gas. A better alterna­ passed around to the consumer-it is essen­ which seems to be a casing for dropping tive may be a step-wise decontrol of the price tially a tax which the companies would now propaganda leaflets. She squints into the sun over a number of years. There will be addi­ prepay. for the photographer beside her smashed tional cost to the consumer, but at least he We will have to learn that if we want house. Up the road, a threshing field is now will be able to get natural gas-s·till the energy we must let the energy companies marked by a burned-out tractor and a large greatest energy bargain in the United States. do their job. Whatever the tax laws are, the blackened smear. Mrs. Fehda Gebran tells us Mr. Ford has also proposed an excise tax. industry will live with them. However, there how her husband, Elias, was ~illed August 7 This wlll cut consumption somewhat, but it should be a deadline on Congressional de­ in a bombing raid. She, her 15-ye.ar-old son will do nothing to encourage more supplies. bate and decision, so that the companies can I would favor a much larger excise tax to malt:e their plans soon and with some assur­ and six others were wounded in the attack. bring the price of gas closer to that of oil, ance of stability. There is no best solution Her hand and breast are still bandaged. She and definitely above that of ooal, so as to overall-there are a number of good solu­ still weeps, two months later, describing the encourage a switchover coal by industry. tions. Let's settle on one. By now it should day. Her husband was the only wage earner to in the family of nine; they now receive a This tax could be relaxed in future years if be clear that a solution with a minimum higher-priced "new" gas enters the pipelines. of regulations and maximum reliance on little money from a newly formed charity One of the bright spots of the breakdown market forces and competition is to be pre­ group, the Council of the Whole South. of the Russian trade agreement is the fact ferred. We return to the village in silence. that it will probably also eliminate the im­ Another disturbing development is the re­ There are scores of villages like Rashaya port of liquefied natural gas from Siberia, cent growth of regionalism, which is divisive Fuqhar in southern Lebanon. Beginning in one of the gTeatest an-time rip-offs of the and tends to hold back the balanced energy 1968, and almost dally in recent months, the U.S. consumer, perhaps matched only by the program the country so badly needs. The Israelis have subjected villages like Rash.aya famous grain deal of 1972. Under this LNG United States would be in desperate shape if Fuqhar and a handful of Palestinian ref­ proposal at least ten billion dollars, and the southeastern states were to hold back ugee camps in southern Lebanon to at­ probably much more, would have been in­ "their" gas and oil, the western states their tacks by airplane, artillery, tanks and gun­ vested in facllities in the Soviet Union by coal and uranium, and the eastern states boats. Israeli commandos invade Lebanese U.S. firms with government subsidies. This the development of oil off their shores. We villages and Palestinian refugee camps, force­ would have tied us firmly to high-cost gas of would all go under together! The President ably checking identifications, blowing up dubious security, which would have to be has not yet asked for our support, but he houses, killing villagers and taking prisoners. shipped to the United States in special tank­ will need it. The Israelis call the area "Fatahland"-it ers. We will have to see now whether the is "the Arqoub" to the Lebanese-end it is Soviets are able to get the required capital from this wild terrain, leading to the ap­ from other sources; possibly they can per­ proaches of Mount Hermon, the Israelis say, that Palestinian commandoes run their oper­ suade the Arab sheiks that developing nat­ ISRAEL'S UGLY LITTLE WAR ural gas in Siberia for sale to the United ations against Israeli border settlements and States is a good investment. It makes more bases. The Israelis say that the purpose of sense though for the Russians to sell gas, as HON. ANTHONY TOBY MOFFETT their campaign against the South 1s to stop well as oil, by direct pipeline shipments to commando operations by killing all the com­ Europe. Between the USSR and the North OF CONNECTICUT mandos in the area or by pressuring the Sea, we may well see Europe independent of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES villagers to expel the guerrrlllas from their midst. The Israeli military command insists Middle East oil by the end of this decade. Thursday, March 6, 1975 And if recent reports about China are cor­ it is attacking only military targets--"bases" rect, then Japan will be getting much of its Mr. MOFFE'IT. Mr. Speaker, I have or "concentrations" of guerrilLas-and kid· oil from nearby sources. All in all, the pros­ always been the first to condemn vio­ napping only members of terrorist groups pects are good for a larger production sur­ lence and terrorism in the Middle East and those Lebanese who work directly with plus of oil by the end of this decade, some­ them. and wherever else it may occur. I think But, as Americans· discovered in Vietnam, thing which wlll stimulate price cutting and the following article, which appeared in lead to a weakening of the oil cartel. it is never quite that simple. Bombing is the March 17, 1975, issue of the New not a selective weapon. Intelligence about The President is certainly on the right Times is important reading for my col­ enemy presence in villages, especially when track with respect to coal and nuclear energy. gathered by photo reconnaissance or foreign These are the most abundant and immedi­ leagues: IsRAEL'S UGLY LITTLE WAR agents, is often faulty. A six-week investiga­ ately available energy sources in the United tion in Lebanon indicates that, as in Viet­ States. I am convinced that the environ­ (By Judith Coburn) nam, large numbers of civilians are being mental and safety aspects of electric power THE AnQOUB, SOUTHERN LEBANON .-Rash• caught in a net cast for guerrillas. We visited production from both coal and uranium can aya Fuqhar, once a prosperous little village scores of Lebanese villages and five Pales- March 6, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5579

tinian refugee camps where hundreds 01 ci­ Along the same road, we pass damage from "We have no security problem ln the North... vilians-including women and children-had a raid that morning. A school has been. hit. (Pause) "And besides there haven't been any been wounded or kllled. The Israelis are In the field across the way, an old Lebanese in months." Told I had visited the south using the full range of sophisticated savagery farmer tramps sadly through his olive grove. of Lebanon in the last month, he finally known to our own military in Indochina: Some of the trees are ancient with huge said, "We feel Lebanon is not exercising its shells, bombs, phosphorous, incendiary girths. Many are shattered from bombs, duties as a sovereign state to control the bombs, CBUs and napalm. Much of it is sup­ others burned by phosphorous. "Every week Palestinian enclave in 'Fatahland.' If Leb­ plied to the Israelis by the American aid I see more," says the old man of his trees, anon has internal problems like this, she program. Statistics are difficult to :find and "sleeping like women on their sides." will have to bear the consequences.'' He in­ often inexact, but well-informed diplomats tn Near Sidon we stop at a lemon grove, sisted, as do all Israeli officials, that attacks Beirut and United Nations officials have com­ now home for three branches of an extended are only on military targets and that the piled a sm·prising set of reliable numbers. famlly of 43 Palestinian refugees. Their targets are "carefully pinpointed." Security They note the Israeli government reports homes were destroyed in a raid June 20 on prevented further discussion. about 800 Israelis have been killed in recent Ein el-Hllweh Camp. Six of the family­ There 1s little dissent about the bombing years in terrorist attaclcs, but they estimate four children and two women-were k1lled. in Israel. Most leftist critics of the govern­ that the Israelis have killed about 3,500 peo­ Now they are sleeping outside. Winter is ment seem puzzled by questions about the ple in their raids on villages and refugee coming and they are worried. The owner bombing. "Unfortunate but necessary," is the camps in Lebanon, Syria and Jordan. The of the grove wants them to leave. They are standard line. Few people are aware, or be­ Lebanese government says 301 Lebanese ci­ his laborers, but he thought they would stay lieve, that civilians are being hurt. Only vilians were k1lled and 682 Lebanese wounded only until their homes were rebuilt. But the groups like the far-left Matzpen liken the in Israeli attacks between January 1968 and United Nations says there is no money for bombing to U.S. policy in Indochna and August 1974, most of them in the last year. rebuilding. argue that the end does not justify the Figures for Palestinian civilians k1lled are Nabatieh Refugee Camp, the closest camp means. However, in the wake of the re­ not avallable, but observers estimate they to the border. Here, as in other refugee camps cent rash of guerrilla operations, a few must be at least twice as high as for the we visit, the PLO makes no effort to hide Israeli columnists have begun to point out Lebanese. evidence of armed soldiers in the camps. But the ineffectiveness of the operations against Our travels in the area also suggest that at Nabatieh, as in the other camps, it is Lebanon, and suggest that the raids con­ the Israeli campaign has not been successful homes, clinics, and schools that have been tinue at least partly for domestic consump­ in isolating the guerrmas. Indeed, as in Viet­ hit. Nabatieh was nearly leveled in an attack tion. It is apparently difficult for the Israelis nam, it appears to have enhanced their cred­ last May 16. A United Nations report says to believe, as it was for the Americans 1n ibility. Only a few Lebanese we spoke with of the camp, "60 percent destroyed, 20 per­ Vietnam, that the strategic results of their blamed the Palestinians for the bombing. A cent severely damaged and 20 percent par­ :firepower are negligible. comment by one man from Rashaya Fuqhar tially destroyed." We see no houses with Beirut--The Israelis insist that Lebanon 1s typical, "Now that the Israelis are bomb­ roofs, few with four walls. must bear the consequences for allowing the ing our village, too, we see what the Pales­ Eighteen Palestinian refugees were k1lled PLO to operate on her soil. But the fact ts. tinians have suifered all these years." As for that day and 91 were wounded. No one knows the Lebanese are in trouble no matter what the Palestinians, the bombing seems to have how many were civ1lians and how many were they do. Lebanon's tiny 12,000-man army increased their bitterness and strengthened commandos. But officials from the United and one-squadron air force are no match for the hand of the political groups who favor Nations Relief Works Agency (UNRWA), the Israelis. Nor does she relish the prospect bloodshed over compromise. which manages the camps, doubt that many of an all-out confrontation with the Pales­ In light of the failure of the Israeli policy guerrillas were hurt because the PLO had tinians, after such a push in 1973 nearly to achieve its announced goals, there is con­ tried to evacuate the camps the day before. caused a civil war in the country. The 1973 siderable speculation that the bombing "The people who were hurt were those who clash and an earlier one in 1969 left hun­ might have another purpose. Most Lebanese wouldn't leave their belongings. Thank God dreds of casualties, civilian as well as mtU­ and some diplomats in Beirut believe that most did. It could have been a lot worse," tary. In 1973 Lebanese leftists joined the the Israelis are pursuing a "scorched earth" says one UNRWA official. UNRWA estimates Palestinians, and several of Lebanon's pri­ policy in southern Lebanon designed to drive the rebullding of Nabatieh w111 cost $1 mil­ vate armies used the occasion to settle scores. all population from the area and establish lion. "Just so they can bomb it again," sighs A shaky truce was negotiated only after the a DMZ. "Why burn crops, unless that's the one official. But UNRWA itself has a $39 Lebanese Air Force had bombed five Pales­ purpose?" asks one high official of the Leba­ million deficit of its own just for operating tinian refugee camps near Belru t, wounding nese Foreign Ministry. "The commandos buy expenses this year. So the fate of Nabatieh hundreds. Since then, the Lebanese have their supplies in Beirut anyway." Statements Refugee Camp is uncertain. stepped up security, driving guerrilla military by Israeli officials do little to quiet these Near Merj'Uyun, capital of the Arqoub, the operations undergro~nd, while political and fears; last Aprll, when he was stm defense depressing tour continues. We visit Ismail, social welfare arms of the PLO continue to minister, Moshe Dayan told newspaper re­ a young goat herder shot the day before by an operate openly. It is the fervent but not porters that unless the Lebanese stopped the Israeli patrol, in the area's one hospital. He naive hope of most Lebanese that the Pales­ Palestinian raids, "We wm step up the raids lies sttmy in sheets soaked with his own tinians will stop their raids in Israel. But until the people :find it impossible to live blood, seemingly still shattered by his mis­ untll then, there is not much they can do. there. Their homes wm be destroyed and fortune. The nurse translates into French. "If the huge Israeli forces can't stop the the whole area wm be deserted." And in a He was tending his goats, saw the soldiers Fedayeen from coming in, how do they ex­ chllling echo of "Pentagonese," .the Rabin coming in a jeep. "I was frightened-they pect us to keep them from going out?" a government told Israelis last June that it take people-I ran-they shot." That is all. young Lebanese captain asked plaintively. was abandoning its previous policy of "re­ He doesn't know why the soldiers fired, why Individual incidents still occur between taliation" in southern Lebanon for a policy they came. He doesn't know any Palestinians, Lebanese security forces and the Palestinians, of "preemptive strikes." except "they are Arabs." The room is a crush often precipitated by guerrmas refusing to The human suffering behind the antiseptic of onlookers, gawking at the Americans. show papers or trying to run the roadblocks words is, as always, chllling: "Why American planes to the Israelis?" in the South. Recently, newspapers were full Ein el-Hilweh, a Palestinian refugee camp drones a young hospital attendant in my of reports of a shoot out between Lebanese near Sidon, has been bombed countless times. ear. We leave the room. The nurse reports military police and a party of Palestinians Last June, a poor neighborhood of Lebanese the hospital sees several hundred casu­ on a deserted road. and Palestinians, including a school, was alties from the Israeli attacks every year, On the international level as well, Lebanon leveled. Hundreds of refugees have moved more recently. "In May and June (during must steer a straight course between the into another school. "What wm we do when the heaviest raids) we had people in the Scylla and Charybdis of her Arab neighbors classes begin?" walls a teacher. An old man halls, even on the steps. We had to send and Israel. Each new round of attacks by pokes through the rubble of his house. Al­ the sick people home and the worst cases Israel is followed by offers of arms, men and though the man is Lebanese, on the one wall to Sidon and Beirut." She hesitates. "That missiles from Egypt, Libya, Saudi Arabia and that stlll stands hangs a cheap tinted por­ young man will die. Half his back is gone." especially Syria. In recent months, Egyptian trait of Yasir Arafat. Tel Aviv-In Israel the bombing and other President Anwar Sadat has offered to sta­ A young boy from near Rashaya Fuqhar operations in Lebanon are not an issue. The tion five squadrons of MIG-21 interceptors says that last winter he and his friends found newspapers print one-paragraph items about in Lebanon. Syria has offered soldiers and an intact shell, like the ones they collected the bombing of "guerrma concentrations" in SA-6 antiaircraft missiles. (The PLO says the and sold for lamps. But when he picked this Lebanon. Raids are talked about as "retalia­ Syrians are already equipping the Pales­ one up, "a jelly ran out." He was badly burned tory." Reporters with questions about the tinians with the shoulder-fired "Strella" on his leg, arm and hand. raids are treated wtih host111ty. After weeks missiles the U.S. found were so lethal to The road to Rashaya Fuqhar runs by a of insistence, I :finally received an interview helicopters in Vietnam.) But the Lebanese sparkling brook, and a cafe has been bunt with an Israeli general who ls the top briefer have refused men and planes so far, fearing over the water. But it has been smashed for the DF, the Israeli Defense Forces. After they would draw them further into the Mid­ repeatedly by bombs. The last time, a bridal putting the interview off-the-record, he an­ east conflict. They fear Syrian troops for reception was taking place and the bride swered my first question sarcastically. "What other reasons, too; there is a long history of was killed. bombing?" Pressed further, he elaborated. Syrian interest 1n Lebanese territory. When CXXI--353-Part 6 5580 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1975

-the Lebanese bombed the camps in 1973, the stop three-man raiding teams." But the (3} Federal matching of funds to such Syrians sent large numbers of troops into bombings have become so routine that vir­ community projects. Lebanon and cut off trade. A recurrent Leba• tually no one-and certainly not the Amer­ nese nightmare has the Syrians and the icans-wastes much time protesting them. Israelis dividing the tiny country. "Frankly, I don't think it's much of an is­ Lebanon's inability to control the Pales­ sue," says one embassy official in Beirut. AI D WAS PROMISED: U.S. tinians or to protect her people from the "The Israelis make it clear they will continue Israelis has also had a political toll inside the the attacks, and continue them whether or CREDIBILI':'Y ON TRIAL country. Security problems were one of the not there are fewer cross-border raids." (In factors in the fall of the most recent govern­ recent months, as the PLO has reached for ment l ast September. The crisis has brought respectability, there have, in fact, been fewer HON. BOB WILSON demands from the right to expel the Pales­ Palestinian raids-about one a month­ OF CALIFORNIA tinians and from the left to take up Syrian while Israeli attacks have been almost IN THTI: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Russian offers to construct a missile. de­ daily.) Another U.S. official told me "Golda fense system for the country. The Beirut Meir first said there were no Palestinians. Thursday, March 6, 1975 newspap-ers are regularly studded with re­ Now the Israelis admit there are Palestin­ Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I in­ ports of, on the one hand, agreement between ians, but no Palestinian civilians." sert the following editorial from the San the government and the PLO to curtail armed But the balance of terror in Lebanon may Diego Union in the appendix of the REc- activities in the South and, on the other, not be so stable in the future. It is a real oM: · meetings between PLO, Syrian and Lebanese possibility that the situation there could officials about defense of the country. It is trigger the new Mideast war that so many AID vVAS PROMISED: U.S. CREDIDILITY ON government by balancing act. In July the Israelis and Arabs expect. In recent weeks, TRIAL Lebanese got a ten-year, $1 billion commit­ tl:e heaviest ground fighting yet between There are really two issues in the debate ment from Arab defense ministers to build Israeli commandos, Palestinian guerrillas between the Administration and Congress up the Lebanese Army. The government suc­ and Lebanese soldiers has broken out. The over sending additional military and eco­ cessfully headed off a PLO demand that the Lebanese Army is now getting more advanced nomic aid to Cambodia and South Vietnam. money be channeled through the guerrilla anti-tank weapons from the American gov­ One is quite obvious-whether it is worth organization. The government's failure to ernment, presumably to defend itself against another $522 million in U.S. aid to keep provide adequate security in the South has the tanks we send the Israelis. The Pales­ those two countr;.es from falling to the also added fuel to a quasi-separatist move­ tinians are now stockpiling "Strella" mis­ Communists. Pres1dent Ford and Secretary ment of the area's Shiite Muslims, who siles, increasing the likelihood that the Is­ of State Henry Kissinger believe Cambodia charge that they and the underdeveloped raelis will begin to lose planes over Lebanon. may collapse within a month without a con­ South are neglected by the government, And with chances of a permanent Mideast tinued supply of weapons and ammunition which is dominated by Christians and Sunni agreement receding, there is .a good chance from the United States of America. South Muslims. that the Palestinians will step up raids into Vietnam's prospects for survival without On trips south, we see the ambiguity of Israel. If that happens, few doubt that the additional U.S. aid are reckoned in terms of relations be.tween the Palestinians and the Israelis would at least consider an invasion a few months, but the fall of Cambodia Lebanese. Almost no one in Lebanon believes of Lebanon, a move that would surely would open the way for Communist forces to that the PLO regularly uses Lebanese villages prompt Syrian intervention on a massive step up their pressure on Saigon and that as staging areas for military operations. scale. It is a scenario that is only too plausi­ timetable might not hold. Villagers in the area, although they do not ble. The other issue is of much greater con­ deny they h::l.ve occasional contact with Pales­ In the meantime, the tell of civilian casu­ sequence to the United States than the fate tinians, insist they give them no aid or quar­ alties builds slowly, inexorably. The bomb­ of two countries in Southeast Asia, as por­ ter in their villages. The tensions that have ing has become so routine that it goes largely tentous as their fall would be in terms of been created by the bombing, in addition to unreported in the American press, a fact that the future of that part of the world. What competition that has grown up between the amazes European reporters on the scene, who is at stake is the credibility of commitments refugees and poor Lebanese for jobs, lead devote equal space to Arab and Israeli suffer­ which the United States has made to scores most observers to doubt guerrillas would ing. But the truth is, American editors like of allies in the last quarter-century. adopt a Lebanese village as a permanent base. their violence spectacular, and after years of Congressional leaders are not impressed "Most Lebanese sympathize with the Pales­ reporting the news from Indochina, Ameri­ by the fact that a cut-off of U.S. aid at this tinians," a local Lebanese official says, "but cans don't get terribly excit ed about air tiffie would be disa:;trous for tl'le C.:~.mb:>­ all they would need is one person who didn't strikes anymore. Which is why very few dians and Sout h Viet namese. They say to compromise their security." Lebanese in­ Americans know or care that last year, in enough is C'nough. However, they fail to look beyond this narrow issue to the impact of telligence is also said to have its own strong southern Lebanon, there were civilian cas­ roots in m:my villages in the area. ualties equal to Maalot every month. s u ch a decision in other parts of the world. A stronger case can be made that the Some of the same members of Congress who would have us turn our backs on a guerrilla raids against Israel are run from the commitment to Southeast Asians would be Palestinian refugee camps. Guerrillas cer­ aghast at the suggestion we reconsider our tainly live in the camps. Planning sessions TAX PROTEST commitment to the survival of Israel. That may be held in camps and arms may be would be an invitation to another war in the stockpiled there. All visits are conducted by Middle East. The hope for a negotiated PLO guides, and most questions on military HON. RICHARD NOLAN settlement there is based on a balance of matters are turned aside for security reasons. OF MINNESOTA power which the United States has commit­ But the camps, with their crowded quarters IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ted itself to help maintain. and well-developed grapevines, seem ill­ If such commitments become question­ suited for the launching o~ secret raids, even Thursday, March 6, 1975 able, what becomes of the 20-year stand­ in spite of what seems to be near universal Mr. NOLAN. Mr. Speaker, Mrs. ·o. c. off between North and South Korea? Why support for them in the camps. Most of the should the Soviet Union be impressed by camps are relatively far from the border, Kuhl of \Vilmont, Minn., opposes abor­ tion and the use of Government money the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, near major Lebanese towns, and are closely whose defense of Western Europe is based on watched from outside by Lebanese police. to finance it, and wishes this, her pro­ a U.S. commitment? The one "operations" base we visited briefly test, to be part Of the CONGRESSIONAL Another appropriation of aid for Cam­ was an abandoned house close to the border RECORD: bodia and South Vietnam does not mean and nearly hidden in a grove of trees. Well-in­ I feel tha_t the January 22, 1973, Supreme that either of those countries is going to formed diplomats in Beirut believe that some Court ruling legalizing abortion on demand "win" the long war that each has been ftght- of the Palestinian raids may be run from was only one step in the growing unconcern , ing against Communist aggressors. However, Syria, and a few from inside Israeli itself by for the right to life of the unborn and for it will signal to the Communists that they Palestinians still living there. Such reports, all human life; therefore: I protest the use are not going to win, either, and it is that even if true, would not be acknowledged by of my tax money in government funded principle which must prevail if there is to the Israelis. They cannot pound Syria as they projects that show a complete lack of con­ be any hope for a negotiated pea;ce in South­ do Lebanon without risking a fifth Mideast cern for the sanctity of human life and a east Asia. war, and to admit raids are conducted by disregard for the rights of the unborn in­ South Vietnam and Cambodia pinned their own Arabs would be to concede that the cluding: their futures on the word of the United Palestinians inside Israel are not as happy (1) Federal, state, or local funding of re­ State3 when t:Pe Paris agreeme11.ts were as the government insists they are. search into medication to pr.oduce "spon­ signed in 1973. We cannot go back on our American officials in Beirut agree the raids taneous abortion" regardless of the state of word to them without causing both our on Lebanon are largely ineffective. "We dis­ pregna.ncy, friends and potential enemies to question covered in Indochina that bombing couldn't (2) Public funding of community projects the defense commitments of the United even stop large movements of men and sup­ that promote and encourage abortion among States which are now the cornerstone of plies," says one official. "It certainly can't the poor, and world peace. March G, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5581 ECUADORIAN SEIZURE OF AMERI­ o! 1961, unless the President certifies United States fishing vessel en account of its CAN FISHING VESSELS that such deduction would not be in the fishing acttvttles more than 1.2 miles from national interest. the shore of any foreign country. Unfortunately, despite my best efforts HOrJ. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN to obtain State Department assistance to OF MISSOURI assure that these costs are deducted, in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A TRffiUTE TO WHEELING­ every single case since enactment of this ·A WINNING ATTITUDE Thursday, March 6, 1975 provision of the law, the Presidential "national interest" certification has been Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, as I am made. Therefore, the intent of the act HON. JERRY LITTON sure the Members are aware, the United and the intent of Congress to put an end States recognizes only a 3-mile terri­ OF MISSOURI to these unlawful seizures has been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES torial sea and a 12-mile exclusive fish­ circumvented. eries zone off the shores of any nation. Today, I am introducing legislatio? Thursday, March 6, 1975 The country of Ecuador and a number which I hope will be the solution to thiS Mr. LITTON. Mr. Speaker, nestled in of other Latin American nations claim problem. My bill will repeal the provision a 200-mile fisheries zone and territorial the countryside of the Sixth District of which grants the President the author­ Missouri is a small, inconspicuous ap­ sea. As a result of this conflict, between ity to disapprove, in his discretion, the January 25, and February 1, 1975, the pearing, rural town that hal' experienced transfer of foreign assistance funds from a phenomenon that is typically Ameri­ Ecuadorian authorities seized seven the funds programed to an offending United States tuna vessels while fish­ can-something called a winning atti­ country under the Foreign Assistance tude. The town of which I speak is listed ing between 75 and 150 miles off the Act. This will have the effect of making coast of Ecuador. as Wheeling on Missouri maps and is the offending country pay its own :fines called home by 268 oi the proudest peo­ Mr. Speaker, whenever American fish­ and hopefully this will be the vehicle to ing vessels are seized for fishing beyond ple in Missouri. Having experienced more make these countries realize that it is than its share of the many problems that 12 miles from foreign shores, section 3 not in their interest to seize these of the Fishermen's Protective Act re­ face all of our rural communities, Wheel­ vessels. · ing has been strongly determined to re­ quires the Secretary of the Treasury to Also, Mr. Speaker, whenever the for­ reimburse the owners of such vessels for tain its high school system. eign aid appropriations bill for fiscal Much of the credit for the unusually amounts certified by the Secretary of year 1975 comes to the floor of the House State as being the actual amount paid strong school system sho'.lld go to the for a vote, I would like to alert the Mem­ school board, faculty and, of course, the by such vessel owners for fines, license bers at this time that I intend to offer fees registration fees, and other direct parents. However, Mr. Sp€aker, the one an amendment to that bill wl1ich will ingredient that money can not buy is cha~ges in order to obtain release of their prohibit the President from obligating vessels and crews. also responsible for a rart of the success or expending any funds appropriated un­ of Wheeling R-IV High School. That in­ In the case of the seven tuna vessels, der that act for any foreign country it is my understanding that the owners gredient is called pride. The author, which, during fiscal year 1975, seized or Wordsworth, once called pride, "a whiz­ of tho<:e vessels have paid to the coun­ seizes any U.S. :fishing vessel on account try of Ecuador a total of $1,696,267. zing rocket that would emulate a star." of its fishing activities beyond 12 miles Speaking of stars, a girls basketball Also, Mr. Speaker, section 7 of the from the shores of any foreign country. Fishermen's Protective Act requires the team at Wheeling R-IV has had more I hope my colleagues will support me than its share of stars this past year. In Secretary of Commerce to enter into in my efforts to put pressure on the De­ agreements with vessel owners desiring fact Mr. Speaker, this team has achieved partment of State and the President to its uitimate goal-being State champions to participate in a cooperative insurance seek solutions that will prevent these program that will guarantee reimburse­ of the 1-A division. The story of this suc­ acts of piracy from occurring in the fu­ cess does not end here. ment to participating vessel owners for ture and put an end to this wasteful ex­ actual costs incurred, including the cost For 3 years the Wheeling girls penditure of our taxpayers' money. basketball team has worked its way to of confiscated or spoiled :fish, and for 50 Mr. Speaker, following is a copy of the percent of the loss of gross income re­ the State playoffs, winning third place in bill I am introducing today, and a copy 1973, winning second place in 1974 and sulting from any illegal seizure and de­ of the amendment I intend to offer to tention of such vessels by a foreign coun­ finally winning the elusive title this year. the foreign aid appropriations bill for Over the past 4 years, this group of dedi­ try. :fiscal year 1975: Mr. Speaker, the Ecuadorian author­ cated, self-sacrificing young ladies have ities held these vessels in hostage H.R. 4458 amassed an overwhelming record of 113 for more than a month and it is my A bill to amend the Fishermen's Protec­ wins and only 7 losses. Three girls of this understanding that claims to be pre­ tive Act of 1967 to repeal the provision elite group have had the distinction of which grants the President authority, on being a part of the starting lineup for sented under section 7 of the act--rep­ the basis of United States national inter­ resenting actual losses while the vessels ests, to disapprove the transfer of foreign 4 years. Their record speaks for itself: were detained-will total between $3 and assistance funds from the intended recipi­ Julie Waite, 1,352 points; Mary Tim­ $4 million and this will be in addition ent country because of an unsatisfied claim mons, 2,157 points; Paula Littrell, 1,392 to the :fines and fees paid totaling under this Act against such country points. $1,696,267. Be it enacted. by the Senate and House of Mr. Speaker, to witness this kind of Mr. Speaker, something must be done Representatives of the United States of phenomenon where it is obvious that a now to discourage these acts of piracy America in Congress assembled, That section determination to adhere to the princi­ and to cease rewarding the guilty coun­ 3(b) of the Fishermen's Protective Act of ples of hard work and self-sacrifice has 1967 (22 U.S.C. 1975(b)) is amended by strik­ resulted in success, I cannot help but be­ tries at the expense of the American tax­ ing out "unless the President certifies to the payer. We cannot expect our :fishermen Congress that it is in the national interest lieve that this same kind of determina­ to bear these exhorbitant costs when not to do so in the particular instance". tion on the part of all Americans will they are operating legally under United SEc. 2. The amendment made by the first achieve a victory over the many prob­ States and international law. At the same section of this Act shall only apply with re­ lems facing us today. In a time when all time, the American public should not be spect to any claim made under section 3(a) we read and hear is cloaked with an air asked to subsidize this blackmail when (2) of the Fishermen's Protective Act of 1967 of defeatism, I am most happy and current law provides a reasonable meth­ on or after the date of enactment of this grateful to have the opportunity to as­ od of recovering the moneys paid out. Act. sociate myself with a group of young The Fishermen's Protertive Act as cur­ people and a community that is indeed a AMENDMENT TO H.R. - OFFERED BY rently constituted directs that the entire symbol of a positive attitude and a desire MRs. SULLIVAN to win. amount paid out for fines, fees, and other Page-, after line-, insert the following: costs of these seizures be deducted from Sec. -. Of the funds appropriated under This is the kind of pride, determina­ any funds programed for assistance to this Act, the President shall not obligate tion and the will to win that has brought the offending country-in this case, Ec-. or expend funds for any foreign country out great Nation to its present position uador-under the Foreign Assistance Act which, during fiscal year 1975, seizes any of world leadership that we are honoring 5582 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1975 at Bicentennial celebrations this year employers, and benefits tend to vary widely D..1me. He served overseas as an officer in and the next throughout this land of from one state to another. the U.S. Army during World War I. Af­ In most states, recipients of jobless bene­ ter the war he returned to Notre Dame ours. fits get approximately one-half of their weekly wage, up to a stipulated maximum. where he graduated in 1920. He was an The average weekly payment is about $65 active member of the Army Reserve and UNEMPLOYMENT-CONGRESS (tax-free) and the standard eligibility pe­ served as commander of the American MUST ACT NOW riod is 39 weeks. Late last year, Congress ap­ Legion Department in Minnesota from proved nearly $3 billion in emergency bene­ 1925 to 1926. fits to provide 13 additional weeks of eligi­ Mr. O'Hara served our Nation with HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD bility. The legislation also extended unem­ distinction. He was a man of high prin­ ployment insurance to 12 mlllion farmers, OF MICHIGAN ciples and high qualities. I wish to join domestics and state and local employes who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES had not previously been covered. my colleagues in both the House and Senate in extending my heartfelt sympa­ Thursday, March 6, 1975 These emergency benefits, however, will expire at the end of 1975 unless Congress thy to Mrs. O'Hara, his three sons, and Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, in decides to extend the program. Some mem­ all the members of his family. spite of the fact that this Nation is in bers think more drastic action is in order. ·its worst ~.-ronomic crisis rince the Great Rep. Charles A. Vanik (D-Ohio), a member Depression, there are still many in of the House Ways and Means Committee, which oversees unemployment insurance, STATEMENT ON RESOLUTION TO Washington who do not comprehend the said: "It is past time that the entire system dimensions of high unemployment and was thoroughly reviawed and overhauled." ESTABLISH THE NATIONAL COM­ the resulting effect on taxes and State The House Democratic Leadership, on the MISSION ON SOCIAL SECURITY and Federal programs. As most of you other hand, has asserted that the best way know, Michigan is particularly hard hit to cope with unemployment is to provide additional public service jobs. Regardless of HON. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS by the current recession. Especially hard OF GEORGIA hit are the families of the 18th Congres­ which approach is taken, assistance to the jobless is one of the most pressing legisla­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sional District, the people I am priv­ tive issues of 1975 and most of us would ileged to represent. A most in:fiuential agree that it is better to pay people for Thursday, March 6, 1975 local newspaper, the Daily Tribune, pub­ working than not working. Mr. LEVITAS. Mr. Speaker, today I lished in Royal Oak, Micl~. .. recently am introducing a joint resolution to cre­ editorialized on the subject of unem­ ate the National Commission on Social ployment. The Tribune editorial sum­ Security. Like many of my colleagues, I marizes some of the major problems THE HONORABLE JOSEPH have come to the firm conclusion that Congress must tackl! before it is too PATRICK O'HARA our approach to the social security sys­ late for many families and taxpayers. tem must be thoroughly overhauled. The February 20, 1975, Daily Tribune There are too many warning signals that states: HON. TOM HAGEDORN we can no longer afford to ignore. PAYING FOR JOBLESSNESS OF MINNESOTA Certainly, my heaVY mail from the Unemployment is a hardship not only for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Fourth District of Georgia re:fiects the the 7.5 million persons out of work but also current social security malaise. People for the prlvate and government-supported Thursday, March 6, 1975 under 40 a.re comnlaining about bei11g funds that provide jobless benefits. As the Mr. HAGEDORN. Mr. Speaker, the forced to contribute to an actuarially recession deepens these funds are running sudden death this week of our former dangerously low. And beefing them up by unsound system from which they never raising the wage tax on employers might well colleague, the Hon. Joseph P. O'Hara expect to receive full benefit. lead to further layoffs. from Minnesota, came as a great shock Those people already receiving social Unemployed auto workers have been told · to those who knew and worked with him security benefits are concerned, not only to prepare for termination of the industry's during the years he served in Congress. about the way the program i.s being ad­ generous supplemental unemployment bene­ Congressman O'Hara represented the ministered in many instances, but also fits (SUB). Under United Auto Workers con­ Second Congressional District of Minne­ about the inadequacy of these benefits tracts, the combination of SUB payments sota, the district I now have the honor to to maintain a decent standard of living. and state unemployment benefits is designed represent in the House of Representa­ to pay laid-off workers 95 per cent of their The real basic problem is that social regular take-home wage, less $7.50 a week­ tives. security was never designed to be a com­ the estimated cost of lunches and trans­ While serving in Congress, Represent­ prehensive retirement system. Intro­ portation to and from jobs. ative O'Hara was a ranking member of duced in the early days of the Roosevelt SUB never was envisioned as an open­ the House Interstate and Foreign Com­ administration, it was designed as an in­ ended program, however. Its purpose was to merce Committee. He also served as a surance program with mandatory pre­ protect workers' earnings during periodic member of the District of Columbia miums which would maintain actuarial layoffs, such as those which occur during Committee for 14 years. While serving on integrity and would provide minimum model changeovers. "If layoffs continue," this committee, he worked hard for a subsistence. The system was really de­ UAW Vice President Irving Bluestone told well-coordinated public works program Business Week, "become even more in­ signed to help rural migrants to urban tense and of longer duration, there is no for the city and for larger Federal pay­ areas who had no means of providing question that there will be insufficient funds ments to help meet the city's needs. He for their own retirement and who con­ to continue paying benefits." actively supported the move to gain rep­ stituted a potential heaVY burden on Several states have had to borrow from the resentation in Congress for the District society. Federal Government to keep their unem­ of Columbia. Congressman O'Hara Over the years we have allowed, at ployment benefit programs going. If they fought hard for fair trade law proposals. least in our own thinking, the social do not start repaying loans after two years, He introduced legislation that would security system to become a comprehen­ Federal law requires that they impose a strengthen condemnation of housing sive retirement program. penalty tax on employers to meet the Fed­ eral payments. It is estimated that as many where landlords failed to make neces­ The outlook for the social security sys­ as 15 states may exhaust their unemploy­ sary repairs and played a key role in ef­ tem has darkened drastically in the past ment funds this year. forts to expand the city's court system. few months as the economy has :floun­ Unemployment compensation was one of Prior to his election to Congress in dered. Unemployment erodes payroll tax the several programs authorized by the So­ 1940, Representative O'Hara established revenues and speeds . the drain on the cial Security Act of 1935. The retirement his own law practice in Glencoe, Minn. funds as more. workers seek retirement benefit plan was established as a national He was the McLeod County attorney or disability payments. At the same time, system operated by the Federal Government, from 1934 to 1938. He served as vice pres­ inflation increases social security out­ with a single pool of funds for all covered workers, whereas the jobless benefit plan ident of the Minnesota State Bar Asso­ lays. Because benefits are tied to living was instituted as a composite of separate ciation and as a member of the House of costs, there will be an automatic increase state programs with the Federal Govern­ Delegates of the American Bar Associa­ of more than 8 percent next July; last ment serving as banker and general over­ tion. year this boost was projected at 4.4 per­ seer. Unemployment compensation is funded Born in Tipton, Iowa, Representative cent. The 1974 Trustees Report, issued through Federal and state :wage taxes on O'Hara attended the University of Notre last June, predicted that the retirement ~I[ arch 0, 19 7 5 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5583 and disability funds would continue to First, the adequacy of the .fiscal con­ Legislation to establish the Big Thicket increase to the year 1980 and it foresaw dition of the present social security pro­ National Preserve was passed. in the 93d .no need for a payroll tax increase for grams; Congress and enacted on October 11, 5 to 10 years.to come. But the latest fore­ Second, any inequities in these pro­ 1974, completing efforts which date back casts project an immediate decrease in grams based upon marital status, sex, to 1927. In that year, a consiC:erable effort the trust funds leading to their exhaus­ or similar classifications or categories; was mounted by citizens interested in tion by the end of 1980. and . preserving the uniqu;:) features of the Big Here are those contrasting projec­ Third, possible alternatives to the cur­ Thicket, but not until 1938 was a study tions: rent programs including a substitution made by the National Park Service. Al­ TirE 1!>74 PROJECTION AND 1975 PROJECTION of the payroll t3.x by general revenues, though that survey recommended estab­ 1975-up $210,000,000, down $2,500,000,000. establishment of a system providing for lishment of a large pari.{, the war years 1J76-up $389,000,000 down $6,100,000,000. mandatory participation in a private in­ intervened and the recommendation was 1977-up $797,000,000, down $8,300,000,000. surance program or an alternative to never implemented. 1978-up $154,000,000, down $9,500,000,000. parti.;ipation in Federal programs, and In my view, Senator Yarborough's un­ I would lil:e to point to a recent syndi- establishment of a system permitting in­ tiring efforts to sava the Big Thicket cated survey which recently appeared in dividuals a choice of public or private while in the Senate and the continuation the Atlanta Journal by Dr. Robert Myers, programs or both. of those efforts after leaving the Senate the former chief actuary of the Social We must assure those people now re­ were essential in building the necessary Security Administration. ceiving benc:fits under social security public support for its success. Dr. Myers points to two separate but that they will be fully secure and pro­ Several of my Texas colleagues have closely related problems which present vided for. Further, we must assure those joined me in presenting this bill to the major threats to the future of the social people looking to the future that the House, and we anticipate its speedy pas­ security system. The first problem stems system to be devised will be at least as sage. The Yarborough Unit--14,300 acres from possible zero population growth and good and, necessarily, more efficient of Polk County, . Tex., will be a lasting the second from what he considers to be more productive, and less costly than tribute to one of the pioneers in the an unrealistically low estimate of the wh2t we now have. struggle to preserve the Big Thicket .. system's operational cost. We have a national commitm::nt to a What the new demographic pattern retirement, disability, and survivor ben­ efit program. We c'lnnot allow that com­ wrvught by zero population growth GHANA INDEPENDENCE DAY means in simple terms is bigger bills and mitment to flounder, because the exist­ fewer people to pay them. ing delivery system has become unsuited In the matter of operational costs, cur­ to our current and future needs. Our rent social security financing is based on mission is not to destroy but to create; HON. CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR. the unrealistic assumption, according to not t:> provide expensive cosmetic treat­ OF MICHIGAN Dr. Myers, that there will be a 5-percent ments to the patient, but rather to find IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES annual increase in taxable wages and a cure that will provide true security for Thursday, March 6, 1975 price increases of no more than 3 percent all citizen3 in need of an affordable and each year into the indefinite future. realistic program for retired citizens and Mr. DIGGS. Mr. Speaker, it is with Although the components of Dr. for the families in which the wage earner great pleasure that I rise to salute the Myers' rejection of these rosy assump­ has died or h~s become disabled. nation of Ghana, which today celebrates The bill I introduce today has that the 18th anniversary of her independ­ tions are debatable and, in some cases, purpose, and no domestic human and so­ ence as a sovereign state in the world extremely controversial, there seems lit­ cial need can have any more long-term community. I have always had a par­ tle doubt about the ultimate conclusion priority than solving this problem. ticularly warm affection for Ghana as which he reaches: a residual from my attendance at its in­ Our current program is running up stag­ dependence in 1957 as part of the U.S. gering bills which somebody is going to have to pay sooner or later, if the Social Security delegation, my first trip to m.other Africa. program is to be maintained. RALPH YARBOROUGH UNIT The United States, which is approach­ ing its own 200th anniversary, is looked The question is, says Dr. Myers, how at by some parts of the world as one of · Will they be p::lid and by whom? HON. CHARLES WILSON the youngest nations. I hope that our Mr. Speaker, these are questions whose OF TEXAS own experiences during our first 200 time has come. My bill is an attempt to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years, and our relative youth as a examine thoroughly our present social nation-state, will encourage our under­ security program in an of its aspects and Thursday, March 6, 1975 standing and support for the overwhelm­ to examine viable alternatives to a sys­ Mr. CHARLES WILSON of Texas. Mr. ing difficulties that face a new nation. tem which many experts-not to say the Speaker, I have introduced a bill to des­ I believe that Ghana, despite the vast bulk of a concerned public-believe ignate a unit of the Big Thicket National enormous problems of economic and re­ is no longer tolerable. Preserve as the "Ralph Yarborough source dislocation throughout the world, The bill will abolish the present Ad­ Unit" in honor of former Senator Yar­ has made great strides in coping with visory Council on Social Security and in­ borough, whose name is well known to the needs of her people. stead calls for a national commission of everyone familiar with the history of the Three years ago the Government of nine citizens to make a careful and in­ Big Thicket legislation. Ghana addressed herself to the major tensive study of the entire subject area For the benefit of those who do not task of making the country self-reliant not to be confined to the four corners of know what the Big Thicket is or where to the highest possible degree within her our present program. At the end of 4 it is located, it is in east Texas and is resources. The government, therefore, years the commission is to recommend called the biological crossroads of North placed emphasis on agricultural develop­ specific proposals for the type of pro­ America. There the temperate, sub­ ment as the general strategy to spear­ gram or programs which will best suit t ropical, prairie, and woodland flora and head the country's economic develop­ the needs of America for the rest of this fauna of the North, South, East, and ment. The adoption of this policy was century and into the next. West meet. The 84,550-acre preserve in­ dictated by the actual conditions of the This commission will travel to all parts cludes elm, birch, sugar maple and flower economy at that time, and Ghanaians of the Nation and hear from business­ dogwood of the northern, temperate were called upon to muster all available men, retired persons, professionals, wid­ climates; southern cypress, magnolia resources to produce the food needed by ows, working people, single career per­ and various subtropical trees; western the nation. The program known as "Op­ sons, from every element of our society tumbleweed and several varieties of eration Feed Yourself" was regarded as in addition to the experts and econo­ cactus; as well as 40 species of orchids an emergency operation aimed at reduc­ mists. Then, in a series of annual reports and 26 known species of fern .. In sum­ ing the country's crippling dependence and a final comprehensive report, the mary, the Big Thicket is an unusual and on food imports. The years 1972- 74 were, commission will formulate findings and . interesting mixture of nature worthy of therefore, declared to be "Agricultural recommendations in the following areas: national recognition and preservation. War Years", devoted to the increased 5584 EXTENSIONS OF REMARK$ March 6, 1975 production of selected crops and live­ These two bills have been recommended Steiner, a senior from Flushing and daughter stock. The basic policy under the pro­ to the Congress by the Judicial Confer­ of U.S. Rep. Wayne Hays (D.-Ohio), chair­ gram is the rapid and orderly develop­ ence. On J~nuary 15, 1975, the Adminis• man of the House Administration Commit­ tee. ment of agriculture toward self-sufii­ trative Office of the U.S. Courts com... Hays has been described as "abrasive," ciency in food and raw materials and municated the recommendation of the "bitter-tongued," and "the meanest man in the diversification of agricuitural ex­ Judicial Conference to both the House Congress.'' The House Steering and Policy ports. and the Senate. On February 23, 1975, the Committee several weeks ago made an un­ Production targets have been ex­ Chief Justice addressed the American successful bid to unseat Hays from his com­ ceeded, and Ghana has become self­ Bar Association, in what is commonly mittee's leadership as part of a general at­ sufiicient in maize-the staple food of called the annual report on the state of tack upon the seniority system. the majority-which used to be imported the judiciary. In that report, the Chief Steiner said, "I know a lot of people don't like my father simply because he doesn't in large quantities. Rice production has Justice reiterated the urgent need for usually worry about whether he make·s some­ reached 70 percent of the national need additional Federal judgeships. body mad or not." and Ghana hopes to become self -suffi .. I agree. In recent years both the nwn­ Of her father's much publicized temper, cient in rice this year. ber of cases has increased and the time Steiner said, "He displayed it somewhat at The success story of the economic re­ that it takes to consider each. case has home too. He has to work at his job more covery during the past 3 years will for increased. For as we perfect the admin­ than eight hours a day, he has to work it al­ long be remembered. The strict discipline istration of justice, it inevitably requires most constantly. It kind of carriers over to injected into the economy by the govern­ additional time and resources. Last year his other (home) life I guess. He's just the type of person who's learned that to get ment since coming into office has paid the Congress enacted the Speedy Trial things done, you've got to be a demanding off so well that the country has been Act to guarantee defendants their con­ person." able to record a balance-of-trade sur­ stitutional right to a speedy trial. But Steiner said Hays was "confident" about plus for the first time in the past 2 suc­ declaring that right and making it pos­ retaining his chairmanship when he was cessive years. sible are two different things. If Congress challenged. To improve the quality of life of the does not act swiftly to create additional "We talked to him right after we heard people, the government has introduced judgeships, the goal in the Speedy Trial about it on the news," she said. "We were pretty surprised, but he didn't seem too wor­ schemes for accelerated improvement in Act and the goals in a host of other ried. I guess he got some Congressmen to housing, health, and education/ A crash congressional enactments will never be vote for him." · program on low-cost houses for the low­ realized. Steiner said she doesn't consider herself income group is being pursued vigorously Although I agree with the general need politically i.nclin.ed. and work is in progress to complete, this for additional Federal judgeships, I have "You would think I would be more polit­ year alone, some 5,000 houses started un­ not at this time-before I have examined ical considering who my father is," she said. der the scheme. · all of the evidence concerning each par­ "I cton't tend to take a stand on any partic­ ticular district and circuit-firmly re­ ular issue. I'm not involved i.n any groups. I A new "Health-on-Wheels" scheme, just kind of stayed out of things. He (Hays) aimed at providing more adequate med­ solved that I agree with the recommen­ nevar pushed me into anything." ical services for the rural areas through dation of the Judicial Conference in "He never talked about his work much at mobile clinics, has also been instituted. every particular. But I do believe that the home," Steiner said. "My mother and I would The government has recently launched matter is most urgent and one which the have campaigned for him if he had asked us, a 5-year development plan aimed at ef­ Committee on the Judiciary should ad­ but he never did. About the only time he fecting a structural transformation of dress at the earliest practicable time. said anything about what his day was lil{e, the country's economy and promoting was when he had a conflict with somebody and got in the last word. He really seemed full and efficient use of all of the nation's pleased with that." resources. Steiner said that while she was growing lip The Government of Ghana has always HAYS IN HOUSE DAD AT HOME in Flushing, "People ki.nd of looked up ·to encouraged foreign participation in our us (the family). I didn't like to feel any economy, and during the past year many different, though, and I don't think I got any foreign companies, including U.S. busi­ HON. JOHN H. DENT special treatment. I had to be careful about nesses. took advantage of a wide range OF PENNSYLVANIA what I said, but I guess it's that way in any small town." · · of fiscal and tax incentives and good in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Steiner said some o"f the criticism of her frastructure to invest in Ghana. The Thursday, March 6, 1975 father bothers her. country continued to maintain very "It kind of angers me if I think it's un­ fruitful partnerships with U.S. com­ Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, after certain warranted," she said. "I think they (the me-· panies, such as Kaiser Aluminium, Fire­ actions taken and words spoken during dia) are saying things kind of harshly some­ stone Tire and Rubber Co., Union Car­ the organizational period of the 94th times. He may spout off and say what be bide, and Star-Kist. Congress, I think my colleagues might thinks, and it may not be that t~tful or To give practical expression to our re­ appreciate reading a story written by nice, and it may not be the right thing to do, Glen Duffy which appeared in the Ohio but I'm not sure it warrants that kind of a lations with our neighbours, Ghana is writeup.'' exporting electrical power to Togo and State Lantern on February 19, 1975. It "I might be kind of biased, though, be­ . Dahomey and continues to pursue a pol­ is an interview of Martha Hays Steiner, cause I don't see him in the House, I just icy of friendship and cooperation with all the daughter of Congressman WAYNE see hL-on at home. People might have some countries. HAYS. legitimate gripes, but it's kind of hard to We are determined to succeed, and It might tell the story of WAYNE HAYS tell," she said. with hard work and the sympathetic co­ better than any of us might who have Steiner said her father takes most criti­ operation of our friends, we are sure we known him for years. It may explain cism «in stride," but occasionally it does some of the characteristics that have affect him. will. "I think those papers that gave him those made him unpopular in some quarters writeups and said what a mean person he but staunchly supported in others. was, he did kind of take to heart more than ADDITIONAL JUDGESHIPS I have often said that there are many almost anything I've ever seen. It surpris~d sides to all of us, but that the most me because I thought he wasn't that worried HON. EDWARD HUTCHINSON important side is that of the family. Per­ about it. I think he wants people to think haps we could all learn a little more he's efficient, but when they put it that way, • OF MICHIGAN I think it's starting to get to him," she said. about the colleagues we serve with if we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Steiner said that during her childhood, her were more aware of their family sides. father never talked much about his ambi­ Thursday, March 6, 1975 The article follows: tions in politics but, "He ·used to tease me HAYS IN HOUSE, DAD AT HOME about his becoming President because he Mr. HUTCHINSON. Mr. Speaker, to­ knew I didn't want him to." day 1: am introducing two bills. The first (By Glen Duft'y) "I just wouldn't appreciate the lack of bill would create 52 additional judgeships What is a powerful member of the House privacy. . : ' for the U.S. district courts. The second like when he makes ~he transition to a. mem­ Steiner doesn't think. her father will ever bill would create 13 additional circuit ber.of·his household? run for ·President; but she said, "I think he judgeships for the U.S. courts of appeals. Ji anyone should know, it's Martha. Hays wo~d like ·to be·Speaker o~ the House." March 6, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5585 INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S YEAR Many other nations are planning to President wants to share responsibility with convene national conferences on the the Democratic Congress for the nation's status of women during IWY, including economic troubles, and to blame the Con­ gress for any increase in spending. He will HON. BELLA S. ABZUG Switzerland, Iran, New Zealand, Canada, have to contend with restive Republicans, OF NEW YORK Belgium, and Australia. I think such ef­ who will view him as soft on spending, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forts are fitting tributes to the import­ with restless Democrats, who will accuse him ance of this year, and I urge the Congress of increasing spending for the military and Thursday, March 6, 1975 to act promptly to insure that the United foreign aid, but cutting domestic programs Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, in honor of States observe IWY in an equally appro­ aimed at helping low and middle income International Women's Year, I am in­ priate manner. people. troducing a bill to establish a committee The proposed $92.8 billion defense budget reverses the eroding effects of inflation on to plan and convene an American Wom­ the defense program, and sets the stage for en's Conference not later than Decem­ a steady upturn in military spending, which ber 31, 1976. The conference will have a THE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET is expected to reach $140 billion by the end mandate to assess the progress that has of this decade. The nation's demand for en­ been made in the United States toward ergy accounts for a sharp increase in civilian achieving the three goals of International HON. LEE H. HAMILTON research and development, which is up 12% Women's Year-equality between men OF INDIANA over last year to $7.4 billion. Nuclear energy would get the lion's share of the energy and women, integration of women in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES total development e:tiort, and recognition research funds, but fossil fuel research would Thursday, March 6, 1975 also be accelerated. Health research would of women's contribution to world peace. face a lean year. Federal aid to state and Additionally, the conference will develop Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under local government would increase modestly, specific recommendations for the elimi­ the leave to extend my remarks in .the largely to offset increased energy costs. Fed­ nation of all barriers to full and equal RECORD, I include my February 12 Wash­ eral programs for the poor and the elderly participation of women in all aspects of ington Report entitled "The President's (community and mental health, medicaid, national life, and will establish a time­ food stamps, welfare) are the objects of Budget": sharp cuts. The President's request for funds table for the implementation of these THE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET to fight crime represents a decline, if infla­ recommendations. The highlights of President Ford's budget tion is considered, even though the latest I believe that a national conference of for fiscal year 1976 include government FBI statistics show reported crime up 16%. American women is an appropriate vehi­ spending of $349.4 billion, receipts totaling In transportation, the President proposes cle by which the United States can rec­ $298 billion and a federal deficit of $52 bil­ using tax revenues now marked only !or ognize and act on the goals of Interna­ lion, the highest ever in peacetime. highway construction 1io be spent for other tional Women's Year. A national confer­ It is a breathtaking document. In a strik­ purposes. Fewer dollars will be budgeted for ingly candid manner, the President presents farm price supports. But more will go to ence could serve to focus attention on the an exceedingly grim fiscal picture. With none education, manpower training and foreign . issue of women's rights and equality, and of the evasions or false optimism of many aid. could develop specific recommendations previous federal budgets, he projects back­ A unique feature of this year's federal to achieve the goal of full integration of to-back deficits totaling $87 billion, a drop budget is a listing of $90 billion in tax ex­ women in all aspects of national life. The in total production of 3.3% in 1975 with only penditures, that is, taxes the government conference could bring together repre­ a moderate rise in 1976, prices rising by does not collect because of special tax pro­ sentatives of women's organizations, 11.3% and unemployment averaging 8.1% visions, like personal deductions for mort­ policymakers and decisionmakers from this year, 7.9% next year and 7.5% in 1977. gage interest and the non-taxation of social The President believes the economy will stop security benefits. Another new feature of the the private and public sectors, and mem­ deteriorating this summer or fall, and then budget is that future fiscal years will begin bers of the public at large for a fruitful recover slowly. In his view, the current reces­ in October rather than July, and the budget discussion of isstles of interest to women. sion will be almost twice as deep as any in includes a transition budget for July through The recommendations develope<'. by such the postwar period, and the anemic recovery September next year. a conference could serve as a blueprint will assure stagnation and high unemploy­ In the days ahead the Congress will begin for action by the Government and the ment for years. the arduous task of examining the Presi­ private sector in the area of women's The President's budget will anger, perhaps dent's budget, line by line. It will ask a num­ rights. even frighten, Americans, arouse grave con­ ber of questions: Will the budget stimulate cern among our friends abroad, and hope­ the economy sufficiently? Will it increase in­ This is a particularly fitting time for fully cause everyone to reflect upon the pre­ fiation? Should its priorities be re-arranged? American women to meet and conside1· carious finances of the nation and what Will t:he deficit crush the economy? The the actions which must be taken to in­ should be done to improve them. The Presi­ President has recommended a budget he sure them full equality in all aspects of dent, who has been warning that the nation thinks 1s right for the nation. The Congress society. It was nearly 200 years ago that must make sacrifices, has concluded that in must now exercise its collective judgment on American men met to plan a revolution. order to end the recession without re-igniting the nation's bicentennial budget. Today, American women must meet to inflation, the nation must tolerate three make sure that the fruits of that revolu­ years of the highest unemployment the na­ tion are no longer denied to them. tion has had in the postwar period. A few general observations may help put BAN THE HANDGUN-NO. 3 Although I applaud the President's ac­ this extraordinary document in perspective. tion in establishing a National Commis­ While the federal budget has risen rapidly sion on the Observance of International in dollar terms in recent years, it has not HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM grown appreciably as a percentage of the to­ Women's Year, this Commission has only OF NEW YORK a tiny budget and a somewhat limited tal economy. Likewise, the projected deficit mandate. Its responsibility is t.o promote is not as large as several of its peacetime IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES predecessors when placed alongside the size Thursday, March 6, 1975 the observance of International Women's of the economy. Year in the United States by focusing The increased spending · in the budget Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the edi­ attention on the need to encourage ap­ ( 11% over this year) is for the expansion of torial below makes a point which ought propriate and relevant cooperative ac­ present programs or to keep up with infla­ to be emphasized more strongly in the tivity in the field of women's rights and tion, not for new programs. One striking debate over gun control. That is that responsibilities. I think it is incumbent feature of the budget is that transfer pay­ even the strongest gun control will not upon the Congress to provide for such ments (that is, payments the government transfers each year from one set of citizens end gun crime or gun death. I am not "appropriate and 1·e1evant cooperative to another, like social security and veterans naive enough to think that there are activity" by enacting legislation designed benefits) account for 40% of the budget. De:. any simple answers to these problems, to foster specific programs on the observ­ fense accounts for 25%, interest on the fed­ nor are my colleagues who also support ance of IWY, and by appropriating a rea­ eral debt, 10%, and grants to state and local gun control. But we can be sure, as the sonable sum of money to can"Y out such governments, another 10%. On the revenue editors of the New York Post also point programs. Canada and Australia have side, the social security tax will produce out, that a ban on the private possession both appropriated $2 million for pro­ about 30% of the projected revenue, the in­ come tax 35% and the corporate tax 15%. of handguns will reduce drastically the grams designed to celebrate IWY. Cer­ The President, who has bet his political appalling number of handgun deaths tainly the United States can afford to future on his budget, confronts the toughest which occur in this country. Surely this assign this important year an equally economic problems that any President has is a step worthy of broad support, and high priority. faced at least since the Depression. The indeed, the Post editorial is an example 5586 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ma'rch 6, 1975 of the increasing support which a ban on of Chile to invite the Commission to make and punish those guilty. The commission's re­ handguns is receiving. a second investigation. port was presented to the 1974 Atlanta ses­ The editorial appeared in the New sion of the OAS General Assembly, which The article follows: merely thanked it for its work. No public dis­ York Post of February 21, 1975. [From the Washington Post, March 5, 1975] cussion on the report took place, due, it is CURBING HANDGUN SLAUGHTER HUMAN RIGHTS IN LATIN AMERICA safe to say, to Brazilian lobbyl11g. The United Congress will be besieged as usual this (By Rita E. Hauser) States was silent. seEsion with appeals from the Department of Any attempt to revise our :policy toward The commission has just completed a Defense for new hardware, justified, as al­ Latin America which fails to deal with sup­ lengthy investigation of violations of human ways, as essential to national security. There pression of basic human rights by govern­ rights by the military government of Chile, will also be another request: many members ments of both the left and right will sim­ finding serious failures on a massive scale will be asking that a certain domestic weap­ ply not be credible to serious people any­ by that government. It remains to be seen ons system be dismantled, on the grounds where in the hemisphere. If we are to in­ whether this report will have the same fate that it does not protect but endangers. fluence La"':in America in the years ahead, it as the Brazilian study when it reaches the The point is being made by Rep. Bingham must be on the basis of shared human values OAS General Assembly this spring-and what (D-N.Y.) and Sen. Hart (D-Mich.), chief which underpin our common heritage of free­ role the United States will take in getting it House and Senate sponsors of legislation dom from foreign tyranny. Those values were aired. If the report is debated at the Assem­ which would forbid ownership of handguns colectively stated at the Bogota Conference of bly, most experts b~lieve that virtually all by the general public in the U.S. 1948, when the American Declaration of the OAS members will feel obliged to support The legislation is not new. Since it was Rights anC. Duties of Man was adopted as a resolution calling on Chile to change its introduced several sessions ago, Sen. Hart the "principal guide of an evolving American practices. estimates, some 30,000 persons have been law." Included are the right to life, liberty In dealing with a possible change of policy killed with handguns. They were not, as a and personal security, equality before the toward Cuba by the United States and the rule, muggers, r apists or burglars, but mem­ law, fair trial, freedom from arbitrary arrest, OAS, we should call for a commlssion investi­ bers of the family of the gun owner, or rela­ freedom of speech and religion. The Inter­ gation of Cuba's violations of human rights tives, or neighbors. According to Hart, it is a American Commission on Human Rights was as concerns their large numbers of political rarity to find a real "self-defense killing," established in 1960 by the OAS as an advisory prisoners. If Cuba refuses to permit a com­ involving an armed citizen against a crim­ group and 10 years later made an official body mission study, I, for one, would have little inal attacker. of that organization, empowered to "keep hesitation in continuing a policy of quasi­ The Bingham-Hart bill would not elimi­ vigilance over the observance of human exclusion of Cuba from the OAS. nate all handgun deaths. It would not totally rights." The United States supported all It would be idealistic in the extreme to prevent smuggling of handguns. It would these actions--but little else since-and has expect equal respect for basic rights as not eliminate the use of other weapons in not made use of the commission on the very among the varied nations of the hemisphere. homicides. occasions when it might have given its best But it is likewise cynical in the extreme to But it would clearly reduce the number of service. ignore governmental conduct which is viola­ gun deaths in the U.S., which occur, on the Most observers would agree that an en­ tive of the basic concepts that unite the peo­ average, every 20 minutes. That is why prom­ lightened United States policy toward Latin ple of the Americas. Not only is that course inent urban and police officials, including America in the 1970s must be predicated on of action morally and legally indefensible, Mayor Beame, former Police Commissioner nonintervention in the affairs of the other but in the long, if not the short run, it Murphy and others, are supporting the legis­ American nations, with due respect for the promotes instability, often violent revolu­ lation. The public should be heard from no diversity of their political and economic sys­ tion, within the countries involved and thus less clearly. tems. But this is not a license for us to discontinuity in our own relations wlth ignore both the legal and moral obligations those countries. It is in our mutual interest we have to seek compliance by all OAS to work diligently for respect of basic human HUMAN RIGHTS IN LATIN AMERICA members with the norms of the Bogota rights by all the governments of the Americas. Declaration, and to work affirmatively toward A policy in support of freedom is the best enforcement of those rights as against any policy, and the safest, this nation can pursue. HON. DONALD M. FRASER member state flagrantly in violation of them. OF MINNESOTA Indeed, for the United States tn take action IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which could reasonably be interpreted as supportive of these violations, e.g., send­ EOLINE CULL Thursday, March 6, 1975 ing arms or aid to a government using our Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, I would like materiel for a systematic abuse of the rights to insert in the REcoRD an excellent ar­ of its nationals, is probably a breach of tn.. HON. MICHAEL T. BLOUIN ternational law under the "aiding and ticle by Mrs. Rita E. Hauser. She urges abetting" concept. OF IOWA the Department of State to give greater What can we do in cases of gross violations IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES priority to huma:..1 rights in our relations of rights of nationals by a Latin state? It is Thursday, March 6, 1975 with Latin America. not in our interest, nor is it fruitful, to take Mrs. Hauser suggests that the United unilateral action, whether by economic, Mr. BLOUIN. Mr. Speaker, with your States encourage the strengthening of diplomatic or military steps, against an permission, I wish to enter into the the Organization of American States sys­ egregious violator of human rights in the RECORD today an article from the Feb­ tem for protecting human rights. The re­ Americas to compel a change in policy. The ruary 6, 1975, issue of the Maquoketa, OAS Charter probably requires collective ports of the OAS Inter-American Com­ action, for only in this manner can the prin­ Iowa, Jackson Sentinel. The article is mission on Human Rights receive scant ciple of nonintervention in the affairs of about Miss Eoline Cull, the Jackson attention by the General Assembly. Con­ another state be legally circumscribed. The County psychologist who will retire this sequently, governments accused of com­ perfect vehicle for the United States to summer. mitting serious violations of human support is the Inter-American Commission on I offer this article for the review of my rights by the Commission may blithely Human Rights. Its. members are usually dis­ colleagues today because I believe Miss ignore its findings. tinguished jurists of independent stature; its Cull is yet another example of the thou­ At its spring session the OAS General investigations in the 1960s as to the sands of local gove1nment employees Assembly will consider the Commission's Dominican Republic, Honduras,- El Salvador and Haiti, among others, were well received wh0 serve the people of this Nation faith­ report on Chile. The Commission has is­ fully and responsibly. sued a thoroughly documented report and no serious effort has been made to refute its factual findings. And It must be stressed The article follows: based on a field mission. The report con­ that objective fact-finding is often the most COU NTY PSYCHOLOGIST WILL RETIRE IN J UNE tains a comprehensive set of recommen­ difficult task in human rights disputes. Yet, dations. The Government of Chile has (By Joean McGee) in the past few years, we have done little to When Jackson County loses its Board of denied many of the Commission's find­ support its work. ings. Education in June, there will also be another The commission made a 4-year investiga­ loss--the spirited, 75-year-old county psy· The U.S. Government should urge the tion of the government of Brazil, and con­ chologist Eoline Cull will retire. Assembly to fully discuss the report and demned it for acts of killing and torture of County boards of education are currently adopt a resolution endorsing the Com­ political prisoners. Brazil rejected these find­ being replaced by Area Education Agencies. mission's recommendations. The United ings and refused to comply with the commis­ A recipient of four college degrees who has States should also urge the Government sion's request that it investigate the charges lived and worked all over the world, Dr. Cull March 6, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5587 said, "i've enjoyed every minute of my sta~ brought on several more skills and occu­ Mrs. Paschall's desire to gain the aca­ in Maquoketa." pations and new places to call home. demic distinction of a high school grad­ In her nearly 11 years in Jackson County, In Japan she worked as a graves' registra­ the most important change she has noted in tion officer. Other titles she earned in the uate through years of life and hours of her counseling is that cooperation among the WAC were billeting officer, mess officer and study is a prime example of the continu­ schools, parents, physicians and state agen­ radio mechanic (a skill which she said she ing contribution being made by our senior cies has developed. hasn't used since her Army days). In the citizens. The Congress has acted on pro­ Most of her clients are children from the Army she was also a counseling officer, a grams designed to get senior citizens back county's school systems who have been career in which she decided she wanted more into the mainstream of our society. Mrs. referred, usually with some type of learning training to qualify for work in that field. Paschall's achievement is an example of disab111ty. Many of these are students in the Cataract surgery ended her Army days and our older Americans' answer to those pro­ lower elementary levels, although she also began a two-year recovery period. During works with students in the high schools and that period she became more determined to grams. An answer that says, "Yes, we are with those of pre-school age. go back to school in educational psychology. glad to be a part of American society Students she has been working with are From the University of Arizona she re­ and are happy to make the contributions those who in some cases, have visual, ceived a B.A. and an M.A. in psychology. that we can as a result of our experience auditory or coordination handicaps which After those degrees she enrolled at the Uni­ and knowledge." hinder ability to effectively learn in the versity of Southern California to begin work Therefore, I would insert the follow­ classroom. on her Ph.D. ' ing newspaper story, having appeared in Speaking on education in general she Plans of where to live in retirement are The Fulton Daily Leader, into the REc­ commented, "I feel that it has been too lax uncertain. Arizona comes to Dr. Cull's mind on demands on the part of the older and the as a good place to live. But her brothers ORD in recognition of the achievements of very bright students. Individualization of object because, "It is too far from home." many of our senior citizens. education is the answer." She added that she does feel at home in 87-YEAR-OLD MOTHER OF NINE COLLEGE But she added that in the larger class­ Maquoketa and in Jackson County. GRADUATES RECEIVES GED CERTIFICATE rooms this is often an impossibility. When questioned about what her plans MURRAY, KY.-She twits herself about "Courses are set at a level for the average would be if she were given the opportunity to "taking so long to do it." But Mrs. Verba student and the brighter students are not do it all over again, Dr. Cull responded, "I'd Paschall's face cannot hide the pride she challenged. It is detrimental when they try to be a surgeon. I enjoy people, both as feels in her record-setting learning accom­ develop attitudes that they can 'just get persons who can think and as persons who plishments. by'," she added. have bodies that can function well or not Soon she will receive a high school equiv­ During her years in Maquoketa, Dr. Cull function well." alency certificate that will make her, at age made local history in being the first woman Regarding marriage Dr. Cull said, "I think 87, the oldest person in Kentucky history to with a seat on the city council. it is a wonderful institution for two people have reached that standard through the Prior to coming to Maquoketa, she Deceived to plan their lives together. It just didn't state's General Educational Development a Ph.D. degree in educational psychology work out for me-I've been too busy." (GED) program. from the University of South California, 40 Using a magnifying class part of the time years after receiving her first bachelor.-s de­ as a reading aid because "my eyesight is not gree. She was 63 at the time and the oldest as good some days as it is others," she spent member of her graduating class. A NEW CAREER FOR 87-YEAR-OLD three months studying before she completed It was only after receiving her Ph.D. that GRANDMOTHER the five sections of the examination at Mur­ she encountered sex discrimination. "Some ray State University. (employers) didn't want an older woman Mrs. June Cunningham, a homebound who had a higher degree than some of the HON. ED JONES teacher in the adult basic education program men,'' she explained. OF TENNESSEE who works out of the Learning Center on Being an older student was not always the campus, visited weekly i::1 thC' Paschall easy. ••Before getting through, I was ready IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES home on Puryear, Tenn., Route 2-just south to throw in the sponge several times. But Thursday, March 6, J,975 of the Kentucky-Tennessee state line--to still it would have been hard to quit after assist Mrs. Paschall with her preparation. having begun the program,'' Dr. Cull said. Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Their work, usually in sessions of two to Her own visual problems caused her to our Nation's senior citizens have almost three hours, paid rich dividends. Her com­ write a dissertation involving an intelligence become a forgotten part of our society. posite score of 55 for the five sections­ test for blind persons. During retirement she Until only a few years ago, those over 60 mathematics, literature, English, social plans to work on refining that test. studies, and natural science-was described Her first degree, a B.S. in math educa­ years of age were considered by many by Chuek Guthrie, director of the Adult tion, she received from the University of Americans a virtual burden on society. Learning Center, as "exceptionally good." He Nebraska, her home state. But after finishing Then, a national effort spearheaded said it would probably compare to that score high school, she vowed that she would never by this distinguished body and our col­ made by the average college so'9homore. teach. leagues in the Senate began to improve Nobody who knows IVrs. Paschall seems "But what was a woman to- do With a the way of life for our elderly citizens. surprised at her success. One granddaughter, degree in math in those days but teach," she Medicare, senior citizens' nutrition pro­ Mrs. Mary Lawson, who is a member of the asked. She taught in school systems 1n grams, and programs designed to aid faculty in the Department of Home Eco­ Nebraska and Washington states for 11 and nomics at Murray State~ told why: one-half years and after she began teaching groups of senior citizens in founding and "She has always placed a high value on she realized how much she enjoyed it. maintaining organizations for them­ learning. Even as a child I noticed that there In Broken Bow, Nebr., one night while she selves were the result of those efforts. were always good books in the house and was still a teacher, the beginnings of a new All of this is promulgation of the fact that grandmother read enough that she could and different career started durlng · a that while many of our citizens may be talk about most anything." woman's club meeting. categorized as "retirees," they continue Eighty-eight year old HJ..fford Paschall, Sr., "A group of women were talking one night. a lifetime farmer who still goes fox hunting One of the women was a part owner of a to provide a contribution to our society twice a week when he can get somebody to go funeral home. Others in the group expressed with their wisdom achieved through ex­ with him, concurs in that assessment of his opinions that they wouid not like to do em­ perience and their knowledge gained in wife's appetite for knowledge. balming. many years of living a full and rich life "She's always loved a good book." Then he "Without thinking I said, 'Oh, I would','' in an era of great achievements in tech­ flashed a sample of the sense of humor Dr. Cull recalled. nological advances, the Great Depres­ he shares with his wife of 65 years. "But At one time Dr. Cull had wanted to be a sion, and two world wars. I've kept her busy most of her life rocking nurse but discarded that idea. "In those days babies." With all of the lifting, it was too hard work I have with me today a copy of a news­ Mrs. Paschall, a Henry County, Tenn., for a woman," she said. paper article that appeared back home native who completed the lOth grade and B'Ut Dr. Cull could see a similarity between featuring one of my constituents. The once taught with an emergency certificate in the two occupations. She later enrolled 1n the story focuses on the upcoming gradua­ her home county, delights in the family of Cincinnati College of Embalming. Upon com­ tion of a high school class. That is not 12 children they have raised. pletion of the 12-month course, she began unusual. But, more specifically, the ar­ "Having a large famil~ has always meant instructing other students in the course, a ticle points to one of those graduates, a lot to me," she said from her rocking chair. career which lasted for one and one-half "But it does take a great deal of time and years. · Mrs. Verba Paschall, wllo· is 87 years limits some of the things a person might · While 1n Cincinnati she developed an in­ old-not what one might refer to as a otherwise do." terest 1n the Woman's Army Corps (WAC). new high school graduate about to em­ The record established by their children­ Her enlistment and subsequent training bark on a career. nine out of 12 are college graduates-is un- 5588 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March -6, 1975 deniable indication that education has al­ their successors would cherish and improve But, said Haldeman's lawyer, what they ways been considered a premium commodity upon their gift and meet the crises they en­ did Richard Nixon also did, and he has re­ in the Paschall household. Three graduated countered with the same determination. ceived no judicial punishment-implying from Murray State, three from the University Are we as Americans today guilty of violat­ that therefore thes~ men, too, should not be of Tennessee at Martin, two from the Uni­ ing this "unwritten" promise? There is a sentenced to jail. The more implacable op­ versity of Tennessee and one from a Baptist disease that looms large and menacingly ponents of the whole White House apparatus college in Fort Worth, Texas. in our land today. the deadly plague of, would turn it around and say that since Throughout the busy schedule of her mar­ apathy. Americans often feel bogged down these men and others received jail sentences, ried life Mrs. Paschall has continued to enjoy by red tape, unfair practices, and devious Nixon should have, too. The argument is every opportunity to learn. She still reads tactics. Many feel that election day is merely moot in any practical sense, since Nixon has the weekly print edition of the New York a time to step behind the curtain and em­ been pardoned. Times. ploy the "eenie meenie minie moe philoso­ In a bigger sense, it was moot from the So when one of her daughters, Mrs. Viva phy." What is more appalling is that even beginning. A Nixon pardon after an indict­ Ellis of Murray, told her about the adult more citizens are too indifferent to bother ment or some more formal finding by the basic education program at Murray State voting at all. Governmental changes never House of Representatives would have been and the high school equivalency available have been, or never will be, immediate, but better, but there are situations in which the through the GED program, she was immedi­ without public concern there will be none public interest is best served by not follow­ ately interested. at all. Remember, the influential majorities ing the letter of the law. This government "I've enjoyed every minute of it," she said. were once insignificant minorities who per­ is still semi-paralyzed in the face of serious "I can't see well enough to cook and keep servered and put their faith in their actions. domestic crisis. A Nixon trial on top of all house anymore-but I strain my eyes to It is often said that a country based upon this would have been too much. Presidents read." democracy is only as strong as the people possess their special powers for just such Asked whether her high school equivalency behind it. The people behind America must decisions. status is a matter merely of self-satisfaction learn that America will only yield as much as There is no such thing as equal justice, or whether she might use it in some other we are willing to put into it. there never has been and ought not be. Every way, she made this observation with a wry My responsibility as a citizen ultimately case, every defendant, weak or powerful, rich grin: reflects an American's responsibility as a or poor, has its own special characteristics. "Well, I would think about going to .col­ citizen, action. It is not my place to lament Some require a special mercy, some a special lege but I probably couldn't decide whether over America's shortcomings and curse her severity. Otherwise, we wouldn't need judges; to try out for the basketball team or the weaknesses, but to employ my efforts to in­ clerks with a rulebook could do the deciding. cheerleading squad." clude myself and others in working toward The Watergate morality tale is about end­ lasting, beneficial, accomplishments in local, ed. One moral is that in the American sys­ state and even federal government. Accom­ tem, extremists tend to bring about the very plishments that say cooperation, concern, opposite of the results they intend. ACTION, AN AMERICAN CITIZEN'S and courage still yields success today just The late Senator Joseph McCarthy intend­ RESPONSIBILITY as they did almost two hundred years ago. ed to prove there were Communists under Many scoff at the idealists who believe that every bed and ended up by persuading mil­ unity of action can save America, but I be­ lions there were no Communists under.any lieve that my responsibility, your responsi­ bed-an equally false proposition. HON. ROBERT V/. KASTEN, JR. bility, the responsibility of the citizens of Throughout Watergate, Nixon and his as­ OF WISCONSIN the U.S. demands that we try. sociates claimed two overarching alms: pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I whole heartedly agree with and sincerely tection of the powers of the President him­ believe the sentiment expressed by former self, as against Congress and the courts; and Thursday, March 6, 1975 President Dwight D. Eisenhower when he protection of the national security. Instead, Mr. KASTEN. Mr. Speaker, America­ said, "There is nothing wrong with Amer­ both courts and Congress have firmly estab­ in the midst of shortages, recession, in­ ica that the faith, love of freedom, intelli­ lished for themselves powers that were in flation, energy crises, and the like-is gence, and energy of her citizens carlt10t some doubt-the courts' power to subpoena cure." a President, for one thing; the power of the making plans to celebrate her 200th Congress to prevent Presidential impound­ birthday. We do so with a tremendous ment of legislated funds, for another. And sense of history, accomplishment, and SEVAREID SAYS WATERGATE instead, national security, at least in its defi­ hope for the future. nition as official secrecy, has been opened up Jennifer Brodel, winner of the Wiscon­ WRECKAGE LAYS FOUNDATION for inspection by Congress, press, and pub­ sin VFW Voice of Democracy essay con­ FOR STRONGER GOVERNMENT lic, by the irresponsible as well as the re­ sponsible, with the current probes into FBI test, speaks of America's first 200 years. and CIA. In her speech, Jennifer quite appropri­ The wreckage left by Nixon and his men ately states that America will only yield HON. JOE L. EVINS OF TENNESSEE is the wreckage of what they profess to as much as we are willing to put into it. believe in most. But a special advantage of Her speech should be an inspiration to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this country is that it is strong enough and all: Thursday, March 6, 1975 secure enough to pick up the wreckage and ACTION, AN AMERICAN CITIZEN'S from it build a better structure. RESPONSmn.ITY Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, "The greatest thing in this world is not so Commenator Eric Sevareid on a recent much where we stand as in what direction we Walter Cronkite newscast on Columbia are going." Broadcasting System analyzed the AREAS OF LEGISLATION PURSUED In this statement Justice Oliver Wendell meaning of the recent conviction of the .BY CONGRESSIONAL BLACK Holmes reflects a true "patriotism" and out­ men closest to former President Nixon. CAUCUS lines a basic responsib111ty of every U.S. ci"ti­ He concludes that the grab for power zen, the responsibility to look, really look, at by this White House clique ultimately America, realize how far we have progressed in the short time since our birth, and yet also contributed to a stronger Federal Gov­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL realize the steps that must be taken to pre­ ernment by providing the opportunity OF NEW YORK serve and further our democratic heritage. for both the Congress and the Supreme IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Our country will soon be celebrating its Court to reassert their respective powers. bicentennial with the traditional fireworks, Because of the interest of my col­ Thursday, March 6, 1975 parades, and picnics. Benjamin Franklins, leagues and the American people in this Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, pursuant Betsy Rosses and Paul Reveres will fill the most important matter, I place the to yesterday's insert of the legislative countryside, flags will be raised, and drums agenda of the Congressional Black beaten, all paying tribute to the founding Sevareid commentary in the RECORD fathers of our nation. In my estimation the herewith. Caucus, I submit today the major areas greatest birthday presents the public can The commentary follows: of legislation the caucus will pursue in bestow upon America are the gifts of, con­ COMMENTARY BY ERIC SEVAREID the upcoming session: fidence and courage. Confidence, when not­ ERIC SEVAREID. The sentences imposed to­ AREAS OF LEGISLATION PURSUED BY CONGRES­ ing all the trials America has weathered, and day on Mitchell, Haldeman, Ehrlichma.n, SIONAL BLACK CAUCUS the court to continue trying for at least Mardian, are about as expected. These pro­ FULL EMPLOYMENT another two centuries. America faces crises jected prison terms are merely the extra The Congressional Black Caucus sees as today just as she did twenty, 120, and 200 strands in the wide web of their punish­ one of its highest priorities, the passage of years ago. The founding fathers chose to ment--disgrace, ruined careers, sorrowing comprehensive legislation which establishes meet their crisis head on in the hopes that famil1es, mountains of financial debt. both the policy and the mechanism for guar- March 6, .1.975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5589 anteeing the right to useful and meaningful revenues which would come to the federal $1.6 billion for 20 percent increase in re­ employment for all actu~t Americans able Treasury were they taxed the way. the aver­ search and development. and willing to work. It ls most important age American is taxed today. That amounts VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965 that the full employment concept be under­ to an enormous "welfare payment", "a free stood as reaching far beyond the public rlde" for the rich in our nation today. Key to the maintenance of a free and open service jobs program to create both the right The noted Brookings Institution econo­ democratic society are the rights of individ­ and the opportunity to meaningful jobs. mist and now Director of the Congressional uals to exercise their franchise to vote. The As unemployment skyrockets, with some Budget Office, Alice Rivlin, believes that Voting Rights Act of 1965 has been perhaps predicting that January's 8.2 percent na- with the annual yield from tax reform ap­ the most effective piece of Civil rights legis­ , tional unemployment rate will pass 10 per­ plie:i to our national budget we could house lation ever passed. Focusing on areas where cent this year, the need for relief is un­ all of our low and moderate income families, the exclusion of black voters was greatest, questioned. Black unemployment in January and fund health manpower, health research largely in the South, the Voting Rights Act was over 13 percent and black teenage un­ and a health care system that would meet has resulted in the registration of over 1 mil­ employment in the same month was at 41 the needs of all our citizens. Over seven! lion persons since 1!i65. Black registration percent. However, even m any of those who yea.rs, we could also create jobs for all our rates in covered areas in the South have recognize the need do not fully understand u aemployed and train less-skilled people to risen from about 30 percent of those of that Bureau of Labor Statistics figures show fill socially m:eful jobs on a permanent basis voting age in 1965 to 57 percent of those eligible in those same areas in 1972. Black that the real national unemployment rate­ and substantially increase our spending on elected officials have increased from fewer which included the underemployed, those public education at every level from pre­ than 100 in these same areas in 1965 to employed part-time who seek full-time work, school through college. The Congressional nearly 1,000 to date. Yet there is consider­ and those who need work but are discour­ Black Ca.ucus agrees. able evidence such as in the recent U.S. Civil aged from looking-is over 15 percent. For The Congressional Black Caucus will be Rights Commission Study, that the problems blacks, that means a real unemployment pressing in the 94th Congress, therefore, to persist, and that without the Act, there would rate in the neighborhood of 30 percent na­ effect such reforms of the tax law as: be serious regression in black voting rights. tionally, and even higher in depressed areas. Repeal of the oil depletion allowance. The Congressional Black Caucus strongly The major thrust of the effort to attain Enactment of a minimum tax to ensure supports extension of the Voting Rights Act full employment legislation centers around that those who earn Incomes are taxed on for an additional 10 years. We feel that it is a bill introduced by Caucus member Augus­ it. particularly crucial that the extension be tus Hawkins. That measure would create a Restructuring of capital gains provisions for 10 years so as to cover reapportionment Job Guarantee omce and a Standby Job to fully tax Income from whatever source. which will follow the 1980 census. Experi­ Corps, as well as requiring the President to Elimination of hobby-farm tax deductions. ence under the Act has shown it to be espe­ develop a -national full employment and pro­ Repeal of tax credit provisions which en­ cially effective 1n overcoming racial gerry­ duction program. Full employment would be able multinational corporations to fully de­ mandering. The Caucus also supports a per­ achieved through both private and public duct foreign taxes from their U.S. tax obliga­ manent ban on literacy tests. Section 5 of the employers. Central to the proposal is the tions and thereby avoid U.S. taxes. Act, which requires submission of any concept that there is no tolerable level of Elimination of tax incentives for foreign "change with respect to voting" in covered om.clal unemployment for a narrowly­ investments that move industry and jobs areas to the Justice Department or D.C. Fed­ defined labor force in contrast to present from the U.S., thereby eroding the domes­ pr.actice. eral District Court, has proved to be the tic tax base. heart of the legislation. It must be retained As the legislative process proceeds, the Tightening of provisions for business ac­ in the extension. C-Yngresswoman Barbara specifics of a full employment program will, tivity to prevent taxpayer subsidies of a high Jordan has introduced a blll to extend the of course, be refined and sharpened. Com­ standard of living not legitimately related protections of the Act. plementary proposals, such as that of Con­ to business activity. Further, the Caucus supports efforts to gressman John Conyers to require the fed­ THE BUDGET AND APPROPRIATIONS PROCESS extend the Act's coverage to Spanish-speak­ eral government to become the employer o! Despite Its importance, the congressional ing and other minorities who face severe last resort, will also help shape the final problems of disenfranchisement. legislation. There should also be legislation budget and appropriations process is fre­ passed providing for flexible working hours, quently overlooked by groups outside Con­ UNIVERSAL VOTER REGISTRATION as in Congresswoman Burke's Career Oppor­ gress, and not fully dealt with on the in­ The continuing decline in voter participa­ tunity Act. Any legislation supported by the­ side. Programs which are not adequately tion since 1960 challenges the nation's Caucus· must have· an adequate mechanism funded cannot operate effectively. Programs democratic principles. While voter registra­ at the local level for ensuring jobs and which are overfunded and exist and grow tion and participation among blacks has on the basis of unexamined premises and increased greatly since the Voting Rights eliminating red tape. tradi tlons take money from more pressing Passage of a full employment act as soon and current needs. Act of 1965, it still lags significantly behind as possible is vital. Yet even as that meas­ The Congressional Black Caucus will make that for whites. The nationwide voter partic­ ure is discussed the unemployment situa­ a major effort this year to have federal ap­ ipation rate has declined from 64% of those tion demands an immediate expansion o:ll propriations more nearly reflect real national eligible in 1960 to 55% of those eligible in both public service jobs programs, par­ priorities. We are especially concerned over 1975. In 1974 only 39% of those eligible ticularly aimed at low and unskilled work­ plans for fiscal restraints coming at a time voted in the congressional elections. Bla-ck· ers and expansion and extension of unem­ that the Administration budget calls for de­ voter participation in 1974 is estimated at ployment benefits. Congressman Hawkins fense budget authority of over $100 billlon. under 30% of those eligible. has also introduced a bill providing for an Defense outlays rose from $85.3 billion in fis­ Over the past several years, proposals have additional one million public service jobs, cal year '75 to $94.0 blllion FY '76. We are been made to institute a system of universal which the Caucus supports. Further, a youth neither anti-military, nor do we advocate a voter registration. Largely, they have been unemployment program aimed at getting weak defense posture. But we cannot see any bills which would simplify registration young people from school into the labor valid relationship between the absolute size through the use of postcards for registering force, including provisions for summer jobs of the military budget and the quality of for federal elections. Provisions to protect must be established immediately. America's defense. against fraud and to give financial incen­ TAX REFORM Therefore, while we c.an agree that there tives for states and localities to utilize the federal postcard registrations have been If we are to sol'Ve our nation's basic prob­ must be limits on federal spending, for us the lems of unemployment, inadequate housing, key iss-qe is where cuts and limits should be included in the major bills. health care, public education and other made. We have already worked to defeat the Last year, H.R. 8053, the Voter Registra• social ills, it will take lots of money. When Administration's proposed cuts in the Food tion Act, failed to gain a rule in the House the question is asked "how shall we fund Stamp program and we will continue to by a vote of 197 to 204. The members of the these programs," the inevitable answer given work to keep the burden of anti-recessionary Congressional Black Caucus supported that ls that the average American taxpayer is measures from the backs of the poor. bill, and continue to strongly support simi­ already overburdened with the cost of gov­ The time is ripe for a more realistic view lar legislation this year. ernment and simply is not willing to have of the m111tary and foreign aid budgets and The states of Maryland, Minnesota, Texas taxes raised to fund desperately needed hu· a hard questioning of the premises on which and New Jersey have systems of registra­ man needs programs. they are built. tion by mail and have found them to be The Congressional Black Caucus agrees There are numerous budget areas which tremendously successful. with that assessment. We also agree that 1f deserve paring. These include: The passage of a universal voter regfstra­ the money to attack these basic domestic The B-1 Bomber. tion act is among the highest priorities on problems-which just happen to be reflected The Trident Submarine. eur agenda. most acutely in the black experience-is ever Overseas troop level, by 100,000 troops. GENERAL REVENUE SHARING to be raised, it must. come through exten­ AWACS Air Warning .System. Re~enue sharing was initially proposed sive tax. reform that wlll close up gapipg MARV Counterforce. during the. mid-1960's as a means of di.s­ Ioophole.s in the ta.X law by which rich in­ Additional military aid to Southeast Asia. tributing. a budget surplus to states and dividuals and multi-national corporations $2.3 billion for inflationary costs for ship- localities as a flexible additional sum of get away With over . $50 ;bll,lion a year 1n building. money to supplement categorical programs. 5590 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1975 ·Under the Nixon Administration, general sible cost, the officials and engineers of To transport the largest amount of fuel oil revenue sharing became a political weapon Swann turned to the river and, after possible, Swann engineers designed the to shift the locus of decision-making to units working on new ideas, constructed a largest barge possible. The maximum size of government less res_:1onsive to social needs of the barge, Swann 18, was determined by of poor and minorities. Categorical program barge that could meet the demands of the Savannah Bluff Lock just south of cutbacks, despite promises to the contrary, the Savannah River. Augusta. The 296 by 54-foot barge, largest heightened the withdrawal from commit­ According to a spokesman for the oil in the river's history, and its 63-foot long ments to nation::

adopt- policies as stringent as those of the other environmentally destructive energy already ~~opted an energy budget code. I coastal comri:lisslons. We ·need tough energy techil.ologles·ln'bo a subsidy averaging· $2,000 hea!l natural r.esonrces. need to <:on'Serve their on !or future genera­ attractive unless the building is to be exten­ With f<>oc:l increasingly expensive tG gr-ow tions. Moreover. they can now meet a sub­ Blvel_y Temodeled. 'Solar systems are practical using preseat energy amd petrochemlca:l in­ stantial -amoun-t of ihelr foreign exchange today for .heating both n.ew and existing tensive techndlogte-s and to transport to requirements from the earnings of their swimming pools. Recent developments with -urban a-reas, peGp1e will. h-ave increasingly growing petrodollar investments. respect to passive -solar lleating .and cooling greater incenti:ves to live where it is practical The built environment probably directly systems app_ear :to provide significant cost to grow at least :a portion of the family's accounts for a.oou.; one-third of u.s. en­ savlngs ·over active systems.. Buildings using .food. Growing food a-t home Is generally more ergy consw:n_ption. Substantial addition.a.l these energy conserving systems can be very -practical in :smaller cities an-! foocl. mut many forms of relatively famlly projeet. l:n California, substantia1 are less than those o! conventional sy.stems. ti:tne-lntensive recreatlon, outside -Gf the rela­ ll\1 tively -densely populatef energy can be directly -and cial buildings .such .as retail shops .and Dffices. has recently detected. profotmdiy in.fiuen.ced 'by the decisions or Pr-esent lighting levels .in. many .areas of .By carefully situating the home 'Or mulU­ archU2cts .and their !and developer clients. these buildings are often far in excess of !amily building on the lot to take advantage You are 1D. a better position th:an .any gov­ what is required for the tasks to be ~­ of its solar energy and gardening possibil­ ernme:nt official to .conserve the significant formed. During last year's .energy crlsis. some ities, and adopting the -cltvus toilet system commercial- buildings were able to reduce .a.m.oun·ts DL .en.el'&f wblch we must -conserve which converts kitchen garbage and human if w-e .are to protect .and enhance our pre­ thek electrical demand for lJ,ghtmg and ai..r waste into fertildzet' Without using watet cious. natural env.ir.onment; maintain a canuitiontlu,g by as much as twenty percent (thus saving water which cam be used to ir­ dynamic, progressive eoonomy; anti attain w!thout any signiftcant structural ch:an:g;es.. rigate the garden), the architect can signifi­ Much m:ore energy could be saved in new cantly r~duce the. net cost of the stru.cture na.ti~n:al independemce from foreign energy resou.rcea. ArebJ.tects and other design pr<)­ buildings J.f the .a!'Chltect designs the light­ to the :family occupying it. Designers of mul­ ing and Air con.ciitionin.g systems to -opti­ fessionals will 'D.eed to pro-vide ilJle lead.ersblp tifamily projects w,ould b.e well adviSed to mize :the use Df energy• .and the eost .savmgs provide an a_ppr~priately sized area for a necessary to get go~mnent to ·adopt mean­ to the cHent .could be -substantial. The wise ingful energy conseN.aticlm policies with. re­ community garden for the tenants and to spect to mDdermzing building codes and use of decorative .and security and lighted recommend that the manager be trained in iaentificatton s~gns ICOuld further reduce growing foods using "organic" methods. adopting energy budg.et c.odes. ;providing Sllll. electric.a.l energy consumption. Similarly. the Carefully located decor.ati~ planters for rights protection for solar heated structures. ex,p.and:ed use Df fiuores.cent lighting .in .resi­ mod.ifJing 'Zoning codes to permit efficient vegetables--su:eh as tom:atoes. peas, beans, housing unit <:anfigura'tl!!ms, permitting the dential units -could. red.uce their use of elec­ and .sever.al squashes-and small -greenhouse tricity. ,a.r-eas .food. use of clivus-type . waste disposal -systems, can :alsct iac.illtate growing more There also are opportunities for large en­ As will and a host of other innovations. 1: dmil1t that at home. a .society, we have to pr.o.hibit .ergy savd.lll:gs iili th.e industrial :and transpor­ building on lands suitable !or .commercial government will signiftcan.ti,- mange its pol­ tation sectors; however. architects play a icies regulating the design of buildings to :agricu1ture and deve1op lower cost. environ­ relatil'ely 'Smalier role in these -sectors than. mentally sounder techni-ques for building promote energy conservation unless.you-the in. the ..residential and commer.cial sectar.s. d-esign professionals--demand it. The work of residential structures in hUlside areas. By wor.k!ng clos.ely With engineers. archi­ irate the AlA 1n this rega-rd is crucial. J:n my opin­ This view of the of the city is ill sharp tects ea.:n :none-the-less make sigm.iflcant con­ disagreement wtth the views of most politi­ ion., only the Al:A has the intellectual re­ tributi@ns to energy savings in lndus:tr.i..a.l cians and "expects,. in the urban 'Studies sources and political expertise to get tbe job and transportation structures. done. .tield. Certainly, the growth of urban areas There .are. of co-urse, many opportunities in :the United. .States .and. elsewhere in the As you will learn at this conference, sig­ !or architects to use 1iheU: professional knoWl­ world has been dramatic over the past one nificant conservation -of energy !rom nonre­ edge and artistic talents to design buildi:ngs or two centuries. However,! believe that the newable resources is not a theoretical possi­ which optimize on energy consumption with­ .fun.damentai economic conditions which bililty reqmrln,g the expenditure -of millions, in lif e-cycle -cost .constraints that are com­ made large 'Citie.s practica-l solutions to our or even billions. of dollars on resear-eb .and petit ive with conventional energy systems. population. growth -problems were ( 1) the development before H; will be economic. Con­ Because of the infinite variety of com.bina­ general availability of substantial additional siderable development work, -of course. still tiollS of factors which enter into .designing supplies of energy and other .natural re­ needs to be done :to obtain a sufficiently wide energy conserving buildings, the AIA has­ sources at costs -only slightly above the then range 3! observations to permit optimization xi,ghtly in my opinion-opposed specific prevamng ievels; (2) the development of of the various aJ.ternative sWa.r and other en­ standards iimiting the design and techn-olog­ many new transportation. industrial and ergy conserving technologies. In my opinion, ical choices 11.vailable to architects. The the billlons ln F-ederal dollars now being agri~ulturaJ. techn-ologies based on these re­ alternative-the energy buc:tget co.de-se~ sources and the rapid .adv~nces in basic spent on developing breeder reactors .arul pe1·!orman.ce objectives for a wide :range of scientific knowledge in, roughly, the 1870 other nucle.u technologies are a great waste built spaces. It is then up to the architect to thr.ougn t920 period; and (3) the capability ot the taxpayers' money. develop a structure which meets the .objec­ '!!It American. agriculture and extra.etlve in:. For example, if $3 blW.on per year were to tives specUiled in -the code and the require­ 4ustrles to p~U'C& :steadily mcreastn.g be cltverteci .from .rese:areh. imte> nuclear and ments ·:of th.e 'Clien-t. 'The State of Ohio b.as am:

We all want to build a better America. The HIAS NEWS RELEASE for New Americans) is the resettlement question is "How?" Increased emigration of Soviet Jews to the agency. For myself, I've answered that question. United States . and Canada was the major "We are particularly pleased that every I 'm going to live up to my duties as a concern of United HIAS Service in 1974, community contacted has agreed to partici­ citizen-the political, social, and spiritual reported Gaynor I. Jacobson, executive vice pate in the program,'' said Carl Glick, presi­ duties. · president of the worldwide migration agency, de~t of HIAS. "Durit:J.g 1974, 23 new commu­ Voting will be my first constructive act. in his annual year-end report. nities joined the HIAS absorption program, Voting is the single most powerful tool of During 1974, 20,634 Jews left the Soviet and others are slated to begin accepting im­ democracy. Even more powerful now, since Union. Of these, 3,490 requested and received migrants shortly." district reapportioning guarantees every HIAS assistance to come to the United In addition to providing for such basi:! perso!1 an equal voice. New lav:s limiting States, an increase of more than 2,000 over needs as housing, vocational counseling, job campaign contributions make my input, even 1973. placement, health care, English instruction, if small-important. Now I can use my edu­ An additional five. hundred BIAS-assisted day care and education, agency professionals cation to help solve social problems by wo;rk­ · Soviet migrants emigrated to countries other and volunteers are very much concerned with ing for candidates and political parties. After than the United States, including Canada total soclal and religious adjustment. election day, I can show my interest by writ­ and Australia, New Zealand, Latin America, St arting life anew in an open society with ing to my representatives. I asked my con­ Western Europe, pushing the total of BIAS­ a free-market economy presents many new gressman how he handles his mail. He · ex­ assisted Soviet migrants in 1974 above 4,000. concepts for the average Russian family. Sud­ plained that while his secretary tallies form While the total number of Jews allowed to denly there is freedom of choice about where letters and telegrams, he reads any unusual le~ ve the Soviet Union dropped by 40 per to live, what schools to send the child,ren to, letters: Often he finds valuable solutions he eel .t in 1974, a greater proportion of those what to read, where to open a ban k account. can incorporate into legislation. lea ving were referred to HIAS in Vienna by The abundance of consumer goods, particu­ In addition to political responsibilities, the Jewish Agency, primarily for family re­ larly food and cars, is overwhelming. I have social ones. They include not only u nion in countries other than Israel. The OFfERS OF HELP obeying the laws and paying taxes, but also Jewish Agency referral rate to HIAS climbed "Services offered by family agencies are serving in the military when I am called, from 3 per cent in the early months of 1973, conserving our natural resources, and pro­ being augmented with many 'extras' that to over 30 per cent in the last months of 1974. make the newcomers feel a part of American moting understanding among my neighbors. "It's important to keep immigration trends We all appreciate a clean, friendly commu­ life. English 'ulpans,' home hospitality, syna­ in perspective," Mr. Jacobson emphasized. gogue membership, free nursery school day nity, and we can achieve it if we join in "Israel's record of absorption is unequaled worthwhile projects. For instance, I like to care, shopping excursions, and cultural in modern history. Since 1971, of the nearly events are just part of the local volunteer work at the Recycling Center because I en­ 100,000 Jews leaving the Soviet Union, 95,000 joy the company and I know that salvaging effort,'' said Ann Rabinowitz, Director of U.S. h ave successfully re:::ettled in Israel. Migration Services for HIAS. "Several na­ can prevent scarcities. Car pools not only "We anticip:lte that Soviet Jews will again reduce pollution, and save energy, they give tional organizations including the National make up the largest single group of BIAS­ Council of Jewish Women, The Synagogue neighbors and co-workers a chance to get assisted migrants in 1975," continued Jacob­ better acquainted. Council, the Jewish Welfare Board and son, "though it i> difficult to predict the pre­ B'nai B'rith have approached HIAS with My final responsibility is spiritual. To cise number. That will depend in part fulfill it, I must cultivate a deep-rooted offers of help. We are encouraging coordina­ whether the Soviet Union permits emigra­ tion of volunteer efforts under the umbrella feeling of respect for everyone. Not just tion. For the moment we are projecting that those around me, but those who have gone of local Jewish familiy service agencies." H IAS will resettle at least 5,000 Russian Jews, An unusually large number of Soviet im­ before. I must honor the founding fathers. in the coming year, 4,000 of them in the U.S. They taught us how to endure hardships migrants-estimates run as high as 60 per This is based on a H' AS caseload in Rome cent-are classifi-ed professionals and aca­ without complaining, to face problems ctm­ of aln1ost 2,000 Russian Jews and the in­ rageously, to seek constructive solutions, and demics. Highly trained and motivated, the creased Soviet Jewi'O h caseloads of non-Jew­ migrants are anxious to make an ilnmediate · to treat opposing opinions with respect. Es­ ish migration agencies in Western Europe." sentially, by spiritual duty is to promote the transition to the job level held in the USSR. well-being of all. For as John Donne so aptly NON-RUSSIANS HELPED TOO Unfamiliar with the concept of "upward stated, "No man is an island, entire of itself. Not all migrants who received HIAS' help mobility" they are often reluctant to accept Every man is a piece of the continent, a in finding countries of resettlement came lower job status-sometimes the only em­ part of the main." from the U.S.S.R. United HIAS Service was .ployment immediately available-fearing rm not going to waste the 70's in mud­ active in Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe re­ they will be stuck there forever. Physicians sling. I'm going to think positively and act settling close to 2,500 refugees from coun­ face difficult accreditation exams which re­ constructively. The bicentennial period is tries including Morocco, Tunisia and Ru­ quire a good command of the English lan­ the time for all of us to renew our pledges mania. By the end of 1974 HIAS had moved guage and strenuous "refresher" courses. of allegiance. more than 6,500 from all corners of the globe, Despite the unique adjustment problems Allegiance to democracy, the noble experi­ an increase of 66 % over last year's figure of the Russian movement has brought, a report ment. 3,900. of the Council of Jewish Federation and Wel­ Allegiance to our country- whose piney Forty-eight thousand others received pre­ fare indicates that a majority of Soviet Jew­ woods and purple mountain majesties are so liminary processing and counseling. HIAS ish immigrants studied required the same loved by us all. was also successful in helping Jews from 40 amount of time to become self-supporting And allegiance to the spirit of the founding countries locate 2,250 relatives and friends as other recent immigrant groups. NYANA fathers, a spirit which is positive, construc­ from whom they had been separated for many (the New York Association for New Ameri­ tive, therefore American. years. cans) reports that within one or two months UNITED ST,ATES, THE DESTINATION CHOICE OF of arrival, 80-85 per cent of all the newcomers 61 PERCENT OF HIAS CASELOAD are in their own apartments. Within three to EMIGRATION OF SOVIET JEWS TO The U.S.S.R. ranked as the number one six mon ths, assuming no special problems, THE UNITED STATES area of emigration for the second consecu­ the average Soviet family is fully self-sup­ tive year, contributing 64 per cent of BIAS­ porting. assisted migrants for 1974. The second largest "The American Jewish community is dem­ HON. BELLA S. ABZUG group of HIAS-assisted migrants, 23 per onstrating that our responsibility for the OF NEW YORK cent, came from Asia and North Africa. East­ Jews of the Soviet Union does not end when IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ern European countries (outside of the the exit permit is granted,'' said Gaynor I. U.S .S.R.) ranked third in emigration of Jacobson. "The quality of life in the free Thursday, March 6, 1975 BIAS-assisted cases, at 8 per cent, down world will ultimately determine the success Ms: ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, an increas­ approximately 10 per cent from 1973. of this historic movement." ing number of Soviet Jews have been The United States retained first place as HIAS is a beneficiary of the United Jewish emigrating to the United States and the the destination of choice for 61 per cent of Appeal and of Jewish Federations and Wel­ HIAS immig1•ants, up 10 per cent from last fare Funds throughout the United States. agency that has made the transition to year; Canada supplanted Western Europe as a new life possible is United HIAS the second ranking resettlement country, re­ Service. ceiving 19 per cent. Western Europe, mainly MS. EDELIN SPEAKS OUT This remarkable worldwide immigra­ France, welcomed 12 per cent of BIAS-as­ tion service has· done an outstanding sisted migrants in 1974. job through the years in assisting bruni­ EIGHTY-EIGHT U.S. COMMUNITIES RESETTLING HON. LOUIS STOKES grants and has responded in its tradition RUSSIANS OF OHIO of compassion and efficiency to the ·needs Soviet Jews arriving in the U.S. are· now IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the migrating Soviet Jews. being resettled in 88 communities by Jewish Thursday, March 6, 1975 At this point, I would Uke to insert family services . and other local agencies. In into the RECORD a summary of ·the ac­ New York where 50 percent of the caseload Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, the abor­ tivities of HIAS during the past year: settles, NYANA, (the New York Association tion-related manslaughter conviction of 5608 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1975 Dr. Kenneth C. Edelin, the first Ameri­ er called "some insensitivity on the part of battle. "That is a lot of money, however, for can black chief resident in obstetrics and a few people," but she feels on the whole black people to nlckle and dime up." gynecology at Boston City Hospital, may he has been spared cruel torment. "Black people, intellectuals, women and have far-reaching consequences not onlY A spirit of lawlessness that began with the liberals have all been victimized in this case. Nixon Admlnistration was carried over to What has happened affects all these groups for poor, black women, but also for the the jury deliberations, said Ms. Edelln, who directly. I hope this country is not return­ black medical fraternity. Dr. Edelin has is a PhD candidate at Boston University. ing to the era where any time a white man already returned to his work at the hos­ "Because lawlessness was so rampant says a black is guilty, he is, no matter how pital, but the shock waves from his ap­ among people in public office, you find more outrageous the charge may be." pealed conviction have not yet subsided. people now not ashamed or afraid to be "Who can be free if you can be tried and Although separated from Dr. Edelin bigoted. A segment of society has been shown convicted of something that is not a crime?" since 1973, his wife, Prof. Ramona Hoage that it does not have to obey the law." she asked in a soft but vehement voice. She said the jury completely disregarded Edelin~ recently spoke to reporters about "Legally anyone can find themselves a con­ the charge given it by Suffolk Superior Court victed felon at the whim of any one group." her husband's case. Professor Edelin, a Judge James P. McGuire, a charge she de­ noted scholar in African-American stud­ scribed as "the clearest and fairest charge ies, spoke eloquently in Dr. Edelin's be­ anyone could hope for ...." half, noting the racial issue which effect­ Ms. Edelin expressed annoyance with the ed this case. She is quoted in the follow­ composition of the jury, not only because TEACHERS AND UNEMPLOYMENT ing article from the Boston Evening the selection process discriminates against COMPENSATION Globe, February 19, 1975, edition, which women, she said, but because blacks were excluded. I submit for the interest of my col­ "It was obviously not a jury of his peers, leagues: or one that could be expected to be HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN EDELIN'S WJFE SAYS IsSUE Is RACISM AND impartial." OF n.LINOIS RELIGION On learning of the minimal sentence that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Carmen Fields) Judge McGuire imposed yesterday, she ob· "The only fair trial would have been no served that the judge "obviously supports Thursday, March 6, 1975 trial.'' said Prof. Ramona Hoage Edelin, wife my opinion that he was disappointed in the Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, my of Dr. Kenneth Edelln, !rom whom slle has decision by the jury." colleague from Illinois big oil companies draw unemployment compensation dur~ sation on the basis of total employment at the expense of the American con­ ing summer vacation. during the year preceding the claim. By sumer, so too am I against such profits The loophole was created last De~ failing to specifically exclude teachers evolving from Government programs. I cember when Congress passed the who are not actually working at jobs urge its speedy enactment.

SENATE-Friday, March 7, 1975 The Senate met at 8:30 a.m. and was EXECUTIVE SESSION The ACTING PRESIDENT protem­ Called to order by Hon. RICHARD STONE, Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask pore. Without objection, the nominations a Senator from the State of Florida. unanimous consent that the Senate go are considered and confirmed en bloc. into executive session to consider nom­ PRAYER inations on the Calendar. U.S. MARINE CORPS The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward There being no objection, the Senate L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following proceeded to the consideration of execu­ The assistant legislative clerk pro­ prayer: tive business. ceeded to read sundry nominations in In the morning and the evening and at The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ the U.S. Marine Corps. noonday we offer our thanks to Thee, 0 pore. The nominations will be stated. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the nominations Lord, for Thy goodness and mercy. Open be considered en bloc. our lives to Thy light and Th:· truth that DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE we may serve Thee with our whole mind The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ and soul and strength. May the words of The assistant legislative clerk read the pore. Without objection, the nominations our mouths, and the meditations of our nominations of Victor V. Veysey of Cal­ are considered and confirmed en bloc. hearts be acceptable in Thy sight, 0 Lord ifornia to be an Assistant Secretary of our Strength and our Redeemer. Amen. the Army; and Donald G. Brotzman NOMINATIONS PLACED ON THE SEC­ of Colorado to be an Assistant Secretary RETARY'S DESK of the Army. APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask The assistant legislative clerk pro­ DENT PRO TEMPORE unanimous consent that they be con­ ceeded to read sundry nominations in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk sidered en bloc. the Air Force, Arm:r. Navy, and Marine will please read a communication to the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Corps placed on the Secretary's desk. Senate from the President pro tempore pore. Without objection, the nominations Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask (Mr. EASTLAND). are considered and confirmed en bloc. unanimous consent that the nominations The legislative clerk read the follow­ be considered en bloc. ing letter: The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ U.S. SENATE, U.S. AIR FORCE pore. Without objection, t,3e nomina­ PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, The assistant legislative clerk pro­ tions are considered and confirmed en Washington, D.C., March 7, 1975. ceeded to read sundry nominations in the bloc. To the Senate: U.S. Air Force. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask Being temporarily absent from the Senate Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the President be on official duties, I appoint Hon. RICHARD notified of the confirmation of the nom­ STONE, a Senator from the State of Florida, unanimous consent that the nominations to perform the duties of the Chair during be considered en bloc. inations. my absence. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern~ The ACTING PRESIDENT protem­ JAMES 0. EASTLAND, _ pore. Without objection, the nominations pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. President pro tempore. are considered and confirmed en bloc. Mr. STONE thereupon took the chair LEGISLATIVE SESSION as Acting President pro tempore. U.S. ARMY Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I The assistant legislative clerk pro­ move that the Senate resume the con­ THE JOURNAL ceeded to read sundry nominations in sideration of legislative business. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask the U.S. Army. The motion was agreed to, and the unanimous consent that the Journal of Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask Senate resumed the consideration of leg­ the proceedings of yesterday be consid­ unanimous consent that the nominations islative business. ered as read and approved. be considered en bloc. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ AMENDMENT OF RULE XXII OF THE pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. pore. Without objection, the nominations STANDING RULES OF THE SENATE are considered and confirmed en bloc. The Senate resumed the consideration COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING of the resolution (S. Res. 4) to amend SENATE SESSION U.S. NAVY rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask The assistant legislative clerk pro­ Senate with respect to the limitation of unanimous consent that all committees ceeded to read sundry nominations in debate. may be authorized to meet during the the U.S. Navy. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ session of the Senate today. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask pore. The 1 hour for debate on the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ unanimous consent that the nominations cloture motion on Senate Resolution 4, pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. be considered en bloc. as amended, shall be equally divided and