January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 551 CORN [Production, support price, average price, crop value, Government payments)

Production National average Average price Farm Production National average Average price Farm Crop (million support price to farmers 1 value 2 Government payments Crop (million support price to farmers 1 value z Government payments year bushels) (per bushel) (per bushel) (millions) (millions) year bushels) (per bushel) (per bushel) (millions) (millions) (grain) (grain)

1933 ••• 2, 104.7 $0.45------$0.494 $1,246.8 None. 1967--- 4, 651.6 $1.35c, $0.30d, $1.05e. ------1934 ••• 1, 146.7 $0.55 .•.••..••• ----- • 802 1, 181.5 $311.9 corn-hog. 1968 •.. $1.35c, $0.30d, $1.05e. ------1935 ••• 2,001.4 $0.45.------.632 1, 506.3 $176.9 corn-hog. 1936 ••• 1,258. 7 $0.55_------1. 035 1, 571.9 None. 1937--- 2,349. 4 $0.50.------• 49 1, 369.5 None . GRAIN SORGHUM 1938 ___ 2,300.1 $0.57------.469 1, 239.6 $61 conservation. 1939 .•• 2, 341.6 $0.57------.542 1, 465.1 $149.9 conservation. 1940 ••• 2,206. 9 $0.61 ••• ------.601 1, 518.7 $129.8 and parity. 1940 ___ 95.8 $0. 54 ••••.•••••••••• $0.87 $41.0 194L. 2,414. 4 $0.75.------• 736 1, 991.1 $130.2 and parity. 194L. 113.5 $0. 7L •••••••••••••• 1. 03 62.3 1942 ••• 2,801. 8 .894 2,813.8 $188.1 and parity. 1942 ___ 109.7 $0. 98 ••••••••.•.•••• 1. 41 85.2 1943 ___ $0.83 •• ------1943 ___ 2,668. 5 $0.90 .• ------1. 08 3, 328.5 $129.5 and parity. 109.5 $1. 7052 ..••••••••••.••______2.04 124.9 1944 ••• 2, 801.6 $0.98_------1. 03 3,353. 2 1944 ..• 185.0 $1. 65 ______1. 63 168.9 2,577. 4 1. 23 3,651.9 1945 ___ 96.1 2.14 1945 ••• $l.OL .•• ------1946 ___ $1. 72 ______114.8 1946 .•• 2, 916. 1 $1.15 __ ------1. 52 5,028.3 106.0 $2. 12 ______2. 50 147.4 2, 108.3 2.16 5, 082.7 1947--- 93.2 3. 27 171.0 1947--- $1.37------1948 ___ $2. 31______1948 ••• 3,307. 0 $1.44.------1. 28 5,675.1 131.4 $20. 9 ______2.29 168.2 1949 ___ 2,946.2 $1.40 •• ------1. 24 3,666. 0 1949 ___ 148.5 2. 02 167.0 1950 ___ 2, 764.1 $1.47 ·------1. 52 4,222.4 1950 ___ 233.5 $1.87------1.88 245.3 1951___ 2,628. 9 1. 66 4,364. 7 195L. 162.9 2.36 215.5 $1.57------1952 ___ $2.17------$2. 38 ______1952 .•• 2,980. 8 $1.60_------1. 52 4, 557.0 90.7 $2. 43 ______2.82 142.2 1953 ___ 2,881. 8 1. 48 4,291. 4 1953 ___ 115.7 2.36 152.0 $1.60_ ------1954 ___ $2. 28 ______1954 ___ 2, 707.9 $1.62 ·------1.43 3,872.4 235.6 $1. 78 ______2. 25 I 296.1 1955 ___ 2,872.9 $1.58 a______------1. 35 3,848.6 1955 ___ 242.6 1.74 238.0 1956 ___ 1956 ___ 3, 075.3 $1.50a, 1.25b •------1. 29 3,967. 3 $170.2 acreage. 204.9 $1.$1.97------86 ______2. 05 236.0 3, 045.4 1.11 3,393. 5 $194.3 reserve. 1957--- 567.5 1. 74 550.6 1957---1958 ___ $1.40a, l.lOb •------1958 ___ $1. 83 ______3, 356.2 $1.36a, 1.0Gb •------· 1.12 3,755. 6 $28Q.4 soil bank. 581.0 $1. 52 ______1. 78 579.6 1959 ___ 3,824. 6 1. 05 4, 013.1 1959 ___ 555.4 1. 53 471.8 1960 ___ $1.12_------1960 ___ $1. 52 ______3,906. 9 $1.06_ ------1. 00 3,928. 8 620.0 $1. 93 ______1. 49 514.7 1961___ 3,597. 8 $1.20_------1.10 3,939. 0 $645.4 feed. 196L. 480.2 $1. 93 ______1. 80 482.5 $136. 5 feed. 1962 ___ 3,606. 3 $1.20_ ------1.12 4, 025.3 $684.0 grain. 1962 ___ 510.3 1. 82 515.9 $123.8 grain. 1963 ___ 4, 019.2 $1.25c, $0.18d, $1.07e_ 1.11 4,454. 0 $679.8 program. 1963 ___ 585.4 $2.00c, $0.29d, $1.7le. 1. 74 ' (1.92) 519.8 $123.4 program. 1964 ___ 3, 484.3 $1.25c, $0.15d, $1.10e_ 1.17 ' 1. 23 4,064.2 $926.2 rrogram. 1964 __ _ 489.8 $2.00c, $0.23d, $1.77e_ 1. 87 ' (2.04) 513.7 $184.4 program. 1965 ___ 4, 084.3 $1.25c, $0.20d, $1.05e_ 1.16 ' 1. 24~ 4, 731.9 $1,094. program. 1965_ -- 672.7 $2.00c, $0.35d, $1.65e. 1. 79 ' (2.00) 668.0 $225.0 program. 1966 ___ 4,103.3 $1.30c, $0.30d, $1.00e_ 1. 29 ·r·l' 1.40 5,285. 3 $1,028.0 program. 1966 ___ 720.4 $2.05c, $0.53d, $1.52e_ 1. 86 '(2.15) 746.2 $219. 9 program. 1967_ __ 821.3 $2.14c, $0.53d, $1.61e_ 1968 ___ $2.14c, $0.53d, $1.61e.

1 Table 30 feed statistics through 1966(S.B. No. 410). 'Season average price including the price-support payment averaged to reflect total production. 1 Farm value based on production of all corn from 1933 through 1948 and on production of corn for grain only beginning 1949. Note: Key to letter references: a-Support price for farmers who complied with acreage allot· a Commercial corn-producing area only. Level outside the commercial area was 75 percent of the ments; b-support price for farmers who d1d not comply with acreage allotments; c-Total support; level within the area, except 1956 when it was 82. 5 percent and 1957 when it was 70 percent of d-Price-support payment; a-Price-support loan. parity.

MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-EN- Joint Economic Committee, and it was o'clock and 45 minutes p.m.) the Senate ROLLED JOINT RESOLUTION signed by the Vice President. adjourned until Tuesday, January 23, SIGNED 1968, at 12 o'clock meridian. A message from the House of Repre­ sentatives by Mr. Hackney, one of its ADJOURNMENT NOMINATION reading clerks, announced that the Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, Executive nomination received by the Speaker had affixed his signature to the in accordance with the order Friday last, Senate January 22, 1968: joint resolution

EXTE · N~ SIONS OF REMARKS Chester, Pa., Chapter, Order of DeMolay I ask unanimous consent to have the erning body in making the decision. They above-mentioned article included in the included the following: RECORD at this point. MEMBERSHIP HON. HUGH SCOTT There being no objection, the article Eighty-six new members initiated during OF PENNSYLVANIA was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the year 358.33% of membership quota made. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Earned second consecutive Gold Honor a's follows: Key. Monday, January 22, 1968 CHESTER CHAPTER, ORDER OF DEMOLAY REC• Earned second consecutive Advisor's Honor Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, the Ches­ OGNIZED AS WORLD'S BEST CHAPTER Key. ter chapter, Order of DeMolay, ln my KANSAS CITY, Mo., November 10, 1967.­ Earned 3 Grand Master's Plaques. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, has The International Supreme Council of the Membership plaque from Grand Com­ Order of DeMolay announced today that mandery of Knights Templar of Pennsyl­ been honored as the world's most out­ Chester Chapter has been named the World's vania. standing DeMolay chapter. Best Chapter. The No.1 ranking from among Earned 9 Blue and White Honor Keys. I believe that these responsible and the 2,504 Chapters of the Order throughout Supreme Council Blue and Gold Ribbons. dedicated teenaged men are much more the 50 United States, Canada, and 16 foreign Net increase in membership of 48%. representative of America's youth today countries, is conferred by the International Eighth place in world membership competi- than are those who capture the head­ Supreme Council upon the Chapter deemed tion. lines wi·th their antics. to be the best all-round group in the De­ RITUAL Molay movement. As a Mason, I am proud of the young First place, Initiatory Degree Competition. men 1n Chester County, Pa., who have In making the announcement, George M. Saunders, the Grand Secretary, said, "This 1s First place, DeMolay Degree Competition. '!OOrned this honor for our Common­ certainly a notable distinction, and the Su­ Conferred work before 7 Masonic Bodies. wealth. Their accomplishments are out­ preme Council is proud of your efforts." Public Funeral Service. lined in the following news article, Saunders cited some of the accomplish­ Two Majority Services. which was released at the time of the ments of the Chester Chapter which were Two Public Installations of omcers. award. taken into consideration by the Order's gov- Public conferral of the Degree of Chevalier. 552 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968

ACTIVITIES sponsored by The Keystone Masonic Club of As individuals, physicians enjoy a great First place Visitations Competition Chester. many adv,antages. (traveled over 200,000 miles through six The presentation of the plaque designating The individual physician of today is well­ States and the District of Columbia). Chester Chapter "World Champions of accepted by his patients, his colleagues, his First place Representative DeMeloy Com­ DeMolay" will be made at a banquet on peers, and the public. He is looked upon as petition. February 24, 1968, at the PMC Colleges, a highly educated and well-trained person; First place Chapter of the Year (Pennsyl­ Chester. The publ·ic is invited. as an effective practitioner of the science vania). and art of medicine. He enjoys a prestigious Second place Chapter Newspapers Compe­ position in society; has a good life with a tition. good income; and has a busy, demanding Twenty-eight members completed the Medicine's Dressing-Room Talk at but rewarding career from the standpoint Leadership Correspondence Course. of intellectual and emotional satisfactions Established Drill Team and Chorus. Halftime as well as economic and material rewards. Basketball and Softball Teaxns. However, in spite of the favorable recog­ Sixteen members attended Leadership nition they enjoy as individuals, members Camp in Becket, Massachusetts. HON. TIM LEE CARTER of the medical profession collectively are First place, Essay Competition (Pennsyl­ facing bad times. The social, political, and vania). OF KENTUCKY economic climate of today is not favorable; First place, Oratorical Competition IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and there are indications that it may be (Penna.). Monday, January 22, 1968 worsening. Second place, Oratorical Competition (In­ One reason is the dichotomy of opinion ternational). Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, because of that people hold toward the single physician Participated in dedication of George Wash­ my continuing in·terest in medical prob­ and the medical profession. As a fairly sim­ ington Masonic Statue at Freedoxns Founda­ lems, I devote a portion of my reading ple documentation of that contrast, con­ tion in Valley Forge. time to medical articles. sider the results of the survey taken in more District Winner, Grand Commandery, It is no secret tha;t private-sector med­ than 400 randomly selected households right Knights Templar, of Pennsylvania Scholar­ here in Monroe County, as reported in a ship. icine has been invaded by huge doses of November issue of JAMA. Civil Service Projects for: Delco TB Center, Federal intervention-in my opinion Regarding their own physician, respond­ Chester-Crozer and and Taylor Hospitals, some good and some extremely question­ ents reported overwhelmingly that their doc­ Salvation Army, Delco Blind Center. able. tor does not keep them waiting too long Painted Masonic Temple during summer. I came across a speech made to an ... spends enough time with them ... is Held 4 church services. all-doctor audience containing much willing to listen to problexns ... is sym­ DeMolay Week exhibit in the Grand Lodge wisdom which oould enlighten those who pathetic about personal and medical prob­ of Pennsylvania (first time in history). lems ... and provides a good examination. Radio announcements about DeMolay. wish to analyze the changing medical scene. Let me, a family doctor with years From 83 to 97 per cent of the respondents Two Members elected to Honorary Degree, afllrmed those positive features of their per­ the Degree of Chevalier. of general practice caring for patients of sonal medical care. Chapter Advisor named Pennsylvania's De­ all ages, say to nonphysicians, "this is a By contrast, answers to questions about Malay Advisor of the Year. thoughtful, honest and forthright mes­ medicine in general made the same respond­ Member spoke before the Grand Holy sage containing advice needed to keep ents sound like a different group of people. Royal Arch Chapter of Pennsylvania in American medicine the world's best." Annual Session. Slightly more than half said yesterday's Active Public Speaking Team. In· spite of some Federal legislation family doctor gave better care than today's Established Waiters Club and served many unweloomed by medicine this ballgame modern specialist. Six out of ten accused dinners, luncheons, banquets, and recep­ may end well and the following "pep doctors of being selfish and interested in tions, including reception for the Grand talk" at the half made by my friend Dr. their own financial gain. Forty per cent said Commander of Pennsylvania. "Bing" Blasingame could make a great doctors are so impersonal and scientific that Served as ushers and cloak room attendants contribution toward that result: they do not take a great deal of interest in for Concert of the Scottish Rf..te Choir. their patients' problems. Half reported that Opened DeMolay Flea Shop business at PROBLEMS OF A FREE HEALTH MARKET the way medicine is practiced today, the Booths Corners Farmers Market and held (By F. J. L. Blasingame, M.D., executive vice patient often is sent from one costly spe­ numerous other fund-raising projects. president, American Medical Association, clallst to another without finding out what Promoted Safe-Drtving Program through­ Medical Society of the county of Monroe, is wrong. And a little more than 40 per cent out Del·aware County. Rochester, N.Y., December 19, 1967) said the AMA works to protect the interests Est·abUshed DeMolay Rifle Team. Any physician today whose interest ex­ of the doctor more than to maintain a high Sponsored and taught DeMolay workshop tends beyond the immediate circuiJlStances level of health care in the nation. for three DeMolay Districts. of his own career and encompasses the fu­ In view of that kind of evidence, the wise Member earned the Past Master Coun­ ture ·of the medical profession as a whole physician no longer can believe that because cUor's Meritorious Service Award. must often feel that he could well declaim he is a dedicated, well-informed practitioner, Social activities included: Parties, picnics, along with Shakespeare's Hamlet: he is doing everything necessary to assure dances, skating, bowling, swimming, trips, continuation of his present practices and "The' time is out of joint; 0 cursed spite, those of his colleagues. tours, shows, court trials. That ever I was born to set it right!" Commenting on the announcement, the Today's physicians-and even more, their Chapter's Advisor, Robert F. Stark, said, "I Certainly the time does appear to be ou;t successors-may be in real jeopardy of social strongly believe this title was earned by the of joint, and members of the medical pro­ pressures that could relegate future physi­ almost unbeliev·able and tenacious dedica­ fession must accept the responsibility of pro­ cians to a far less noble role 1n society than tion to DeMolay by our boys. Their sincerity viding leadership in setting it right. they traditionally have played. And although and their unselfish devotion to good ldving, The situation of the profession and of the the pressures undoubtedly wlll be exerted for the practice of DeMolay vil'tues, and Ohes·ter entire health care field seexns to be a series the ultimate good of society, as the public Chapter's success are the most heal'twarming of incredible paradoxes which defy easy so­ sees that good, the end result probably would examples of just how fine a group are teen­ lution. be less desirable and oould be disastrous, not agers. As patients, people respect their ind~vidual only for the profession but for the very pub­ "Credi.t must also be gtven to the hard­ physicians; but, as members of the publlc, lic which our profession is trying to serve. working and dedicalted Advisory Council of those same people may seriously question One of the most significant and most frus­ Chester Chapter for the many hours of serv­ the motives and methods of the medi~l pro­ trating of the paradoxes in the present sit­ ice to our young eommun!ty in helping to fession. uation is that the pressure to revise the sys­ make these boys better citizens. And we can­ More advances ln the science of medicine tem of delivering health care has developed not forget those wonderful ladles of our and 1n the techniques of care have been during the period of the greatest medical ad­ Mothers Circle who have contributed so gen­ developed ~n the last 20-odd years than in all vances and most outstanding successes. erously in so many ways to our success." of previous history; yet, it ls during recent A truly impressive array of victories has In 1966 Chester Chapter was ranked as the years that the clamor has arisen for changes been soared in the last generation in science, No. 2 Chapter in the world. Their motto of in the functions of the medical profession. in medical research, in medical education, "We do better because we try harder" worked There are now more physicians and more and in medical services. But that very success very well for them in 1967. health care personnel than ever before; but has been one of the major factors in the The Master CouncUor of Chester Chapter many shortages exist throughout the field. growth of a vastly increased demand for 1s Charles A. Rothermel of Media; the Senior In summary, it can be said that 1n a large health services-not only by individuals, but Councilor is Wayne L. Garrett of Aston sense, medicine and its practitioners never also by both private and governmental agen­ Township; and the Junior Councilor is had it so good. In another, equally large cies and organizations seeking medical bene­ Walter H. Dzik of Folcroft. sense, however, medicine and its practition­ fits for their members or those for whom The Chapter was instituted in 1959 and is ers never had it so bad. these groups feel responsible. January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 553

Increased demand-brought about also by funds that might have been spent better on able to meet their med~cal needs in any of the such additional factors as increasing popu­ more pressing national problems, such as de­ other ways. lation and the growing affluence of the veloping export industry. With that much background of the prob­ majority of citizens-has generated another Britain's Minister of Labor was recently lems that exist and the probl.ems that are of the paradoxes: shortages of health facili­ quoted as stating that it is time for what d:eveloping in the form of solutions with ties and personnel in the midst of plenty. he called a "constructive argument" about which our profess.ion and many others cannot The United States today has more health the way vast sums are paid in social benefits. be in sympSithy, let me turn to some of the facilities and more health manpower than In a speech, he asked whether such benefits answers the medical profession can and must it ever has had. This country has more hos­ should be provided-to quote him directly­ give to questions that are being raised. pitals than all the remainder of the world. "to those whose financial position makes One of the most serious problems, and one The num:ber of physicians has increased more them unnecessary? Or, alternately, should of the most visible problems, facing the medi­ rapidly than the general population, and the not the available resources be concentrated cal profession and its allies is how to help same is true for all1ed professions and occu­ on those in the greatest need?" the public face the problems of inftation of pations. The United States is faced with a develop­ health and medical care costs. The ratio of physician to allied personnel, ing situation which could become similar. In this crucial time, every physician has which was 1 to 10 not long ago, has reached Already there is a plethora of health legis­ to recognize that not only is he caught up 1 to 13; and 1s expected to reach 1 to 17 lation, for the implementation of which the in the g.eneral i-nflation that affects every early in the next decade. federal government is spending huge aspect of life, but he also is caught up in Yet, the demand for services has out­ amounts of its tax resources-while con­ the very special inflationary effects that stripped both the fac111ties and personnel ducting a war and supporting simultaneously come to bear particularly on the health care available to provide these services. The health a wide variety of other welfare programs. field. This circumstance has come about be­ field now faces the third largest market in Physicians and others in the health field cause of the insatiable demands of a society the United States; a market that very likely must be aware that there is an agglutina­ that has committed cash, insurance, and tax will become the largest by 1975. Expendi­ tion of forces in this country supporting the dollars in huge amounts to a field in which tures for health care approach $50 billion a expansion of federal involvement in, and in­ the available amount of talent and fac111ties year and wlll continue to rise. trusion into, the health field. Even giving is relatively limited. This situation of rising demand creating those forces credit for being sincerely well­ One thing that makes the problem worse shortages of factiities and personnel has meaning, some of their premises can be is the attitude of surprise with which the brought about the public pressure for newer questioned. supporters of federal health programs have and better methods of providing care to all They see medicine as the entitlement of publicly greeted the inflation of health care of society. all citizens, regardless of economic status, costs. These proponents act as though there To prevent that pressure from overwhelm­ location, or other factor. were no possible suspicion that anything like ing and constricting medical practice to the They say medical care should be available that could have happened; and, because they point where both physicians and their pati­ under all conditions, in all locations, around have access to a great deal more space and ents may suffer irreparable harm, physicians the clock and around the calendar, to satisfy time in the news media than medicine has, must enlarge their sense of responsiblllty. health needs. they have been able to pass their shocked They must be knowledgeable in more than Most significantly, however, their belief is indignation along to the public. the scientific techniques of medicine; they that some other party-sometimes unnamed, What is not remembered by much of the must be knowledgeable also of ·all the cir­ but usually designated as the federal gov­ public and is ignored by those who are seek­ cumstances under which medicine is being ernment--should pay for the services rather ing to put all of the blame on to medicine practiced and be well acquainted with the than the patient himself being responsible is the fact that for years the AMA predicted variety of questions being raised about medi­ for any of the cost. that medicare, if passed, would be highly cine's mission and how society might want The latter premise is supported by cer­ inflationary. It has been. that mission modified. tain labor leaders; by an apparently large Medicaid also is inflationary, along with group that has been accumulated in the the two dozen or so other bills passed by the Furthermore, physicians must provide lead­ executive branch of government; by mem­ 89th Congress to involve the direct expendi­ ership in formulating answers to those ques­ bers of the so-called liberal sector, in educa­ ture of federal tax funds for health care for tions. tion and in the press; and by some among various segments of the population. This problem is not unique to the United the public. Medicine already was in a rising market, States. Because of this nation's heritage of Their contention looks good at short because of other factors which had increased freedom, private enterprise, and individual range. Certainly they have done a marvelous demand, when all of this legislation was initi-ative, the problem is only late in arriv­ job of marketing their point of view: that passed. When an additional five to six billion ing. It has already developed in many other it is in the public interest and is the rightful dollars was infused into the medical market­ countries, particularly in Western Europe. role of government to finance all health place, economic stress was put on the profes­ An outstanding example is Great Britain, care. But, they appear to have given little sion and the institutions of medicine that whose system of health care has been cited or no thought to the ultimate cost to the could reasonably have been expected to have as ideal by virtually every proponent of na­ taxpayers of this nation. an inflationary effect. This is exactly what tional medical programs for this nation. In They also have not considered the strictures has happened. Britain, the arguments of physicians were that such a system could impose on the pro­ Now, however, in an effort to draw atten­ successfully interpreted as being self-seeking fession and its ab111ty to serve the people. tion away from the effect of the programs and were overwhelmed by poll tical and public Th.ere is little reason to believe that re­ they support, and to find a more convenient pressure for universal health care financed sults here would be significantly better than focus for public indignation, proponents of by the government. those in Great Brdtain, where there is vir­ federal health programs are blaming physi­ This was done, and its implementation has tually a scientific sterility; with v,ery few cians for rising medical care costs. impaired research; has failed to create educa­ new ideas in science having been developed Among those who are pointing a well-pub­ tional facilities; has lessened the amount and since the impos1tion of national controls over licized finger at usual and customary charges, often the quality of care available to pa­ the field of medicine. and talking about fee schedules, are the ad­ tients; and has placed such restrictions on The medllcal profession has not made itself ministrators of some third-party entities, the life of the physician that many have popular with many persons by its opposition who have long been involved in the financing found it intolerable and have left their to universal gov.ernmental health programs. of health care through private insurance country. We have been accused of seeking only to ·and prepayment plans and now are involved The result has been the lessening of the maintain a so-called antiquated status quo; also in federal funds through their function ava1lab1lity of medical care because the and to strengthen our own financial position. as agents of the government. patient load on remaining physicians became Su{}h accusations are not true. Physicians have the awesome responsib11- ov.erbearing; and of the quality of care be­ Regardless of the immediate consequences ity, first, of recognizing these facts; and, cause some of the emigrants had to be re­ in aidv·erse public opinion generated by medi­ second, of showing their truth to the public. placed by foreign physicians who were less cine's opponents in this matter, the medical In addition to whatever can be done on well trained and less qualifi.ed to serve. profession is on solid ground, both morally national and state levels by the organiza­ Gl'lesham's Law that the bad drives out the and economically, in continuing to press for tions of medicine, the individual physician good under certain circumstances does not recognition of the fact that tax money spent can play a vital role in this task. apply only to monetary systems. on health should be limited to those who can His most important respons1b111ty w111 be There are indications-much to the dis­ demonstrate need; and further, that need recognition of the fact that he is the purchas­ may, I'm sure, of anglophiles among this should be determined locally. ing agent of health and medical care for his nation's advocates of federal health care for There are a number of ways to pay for patient. a.Il-that the government of Britain has health care. The most economical and pru­ Physicians traditionally have been trained serious doubts whether that country can con­ dent is cash. In addition, there is postpay­ to do their very best for patients by thinking tinue to afford luxuries such as universal, ment, which people use every day when they only scientlfically and only in terms of re­ "free" medical care, particularly when com­ buy appliances, automobiles, or anything else sults. That must now change. Every physician bined with many other welfare programs. they want. Another is insurance or the pre­ must now add another responsib111ty of equal British economists have pointed out that payment mechanism. And finally, tax funds importance. heavy social spending has used up treasury are--and should be-available for those not He must recognize at all times that every CXIV--36-Part 1 554 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 decision he makes carries a price tag I If he A basic necessity is that administrators work that he has no time for any of the puts a patient in the hospital, it costs money. and faculties of medical schools return to the activities of organized medicine, which he If he prescribes, it costs money. If he advises concept that the prime mission of the school seems to think of as extracurricular. a vacation or retirement, it costs the patient is the education of medical students so they His feeling, too often, seems to be that money. Every test, every treatment is a mat­ can practice medicine. he will go along the way he wants because ter of money as well as a matter of science. At least partly because of the generous nothing is going to happen in his lifetime, The individual physician is in the best pos­ amounts of federal money available for re­ or that he will let somebody else worry about sible position, and the only real position, to search grants, research--essential and as im­ what happens. help his patient make the most of whatever portant as it is--has become an important­ Such a man is more of a problem to the econom:ic resources are available to him­ or more so-as teaching to the school as a profession than the one who is called a radi­ whether they be in the form of cash, insur­ whole; and more important than teaching cal because of his strenuous activities either ance, prepayment, or taxes. to many faculty members. It 1s not always at the far right or the far left. At least, the It is essential that physicians understand the fault of the faculty member. Like man who definitely ls at the right or left, and accept these facts and utilize every op­ teachers in other fields, he is a victim of the and working at it, is well-informed and portunity to help patients understand what "publish or perish" syndrome of most col­ knows precisely why he stands where he is. is being done by the profession to assist them leges and universities. Faculty reputations The ones that cause more worry are now to make most prudent use of their dollars. and advancement are based not on the those in the middle who have no convictions, such opportunity certainly is not lacking. ab111ty to teach, but on research and its who are not aware of the ramifications of Physicians in the United States see 2,225,000 publications. the problem, and appear not to care. patients every day, which means, statistically, Research must continue; but it is neces­ Often, when something does go wrong; that the total population of this country is sary that it be placed in a more balanced when a bUl 1s passed that is detrimental to seen four times a year. position in medical schools and that major physicians; when a regulation puts uncom­ The second urgency to which physicians financing arrangements permit such a fortable restrictions on the profession; these should give their attention is the need to in­ change. Recent policy positions adopted by are the men who scream the loudest and de­ crease the numbers of graduates from the the American Medical Association at its Clin­ mand to know why something was not done medical schools of this country. This is a mat­ ical Convention could assist in lnfiuencing to stop that from happening! ter that particularly concerns me, and cer­ such a shift in the relationship between It is the time for everyone to be concerned tainly is of equal concern to all physicians teaching and research in medical schools. about what is happening; and to try to do and to society. It takes relatively few brilliant researchers, something about it. If a desire for the better­ Recently, a report was prepared at the AMA with good fac111ties and financing, to turn ment of the entire profession is not sufficient comparing certain figures for the medical out fresh new ideas which can be adapted motivation, certainly self-interest alone schools of 10 years ago with corresponding to the teaching of students. While fewer should be reason enough for action. data for the same schools today. It was dis­ papers might be published, it is reasonable Medicine could well gain by observing the turbing to see that while the budgets of the to expect that those of real and signiftcant struggle others are making to establish and schools have risen dramatically, and the size content would continue to be produced. maintain a position. of their faculties has gone up substantially, Another suggestion is that medical facul­ Consider the optometrists. They are hav­ the output of medical graduates has in­ ties utilize the faclllties of the school more ing a relatively rough time, but they are creased relatively little. In three instances, around the clock and around the calendar. highly organized and are making much of the number of graduates actually had de­ There seems to be no good reason, except every opportunity. Their views are strongly creased. In 44 of the schools, the increase in for tradition, why medical school must con­ felt in their communities, among their leg­ the number of graduates over the 10-year pe­ sist of four years of eight months each when islators and among their patients. Why? The riod was only five or fewer. a total term of three years of 11 months each answer in one state is that dues to the op­ Over-all, of course, the number of physi­ would afford just as much education and tometric society are about $100 per month. cian graduates has increased because of larger would save a year of the life of both the In at least one state, the budget of the enrollments in some of the older schools and student and his faculty. optometrists is greater than the budget of because of the addition of new schools, a Another aspect of better utilizing facilities the s.tate medical society. process which is continuing. would be to use laboratories more fully. The With organization, money and-most par­ However, medical manpower needs for the bottleneck in medical education comes in ticularly-individual activity, chiropractors foreseeable future are not going to be met by what is now the first two years, in the teach­ have made themselves felt to the point that present procedures. Innovations in medical ing of such subjects as anatomy, physiology, the Senate of the United States attempted education are going to have to be developed. and pathology. But consider this posslbillty: to include them in national health legislation The AMA has an opportunity-indeed, it a school with 100 students now could put in spite of opposition from many distin­ has an obligation-to call public attention them into the laboratories from 8 a.m. until guished sources. to this very special problem. Only public un­ noon. They would then be dismissed; and a Osteopaths are a small group and appear derstanding and the resultant public demand crew would put the labs back in order for to be struggling for their very existence. Yet can bring about the necessary changes in another 100 students from 2 to 6 p.m. under the contribution to osteopathic education of present attitudes. another set of teachers. the average osteopath is four or five times The AMA has been subjected to unfair A school could double its student body as great as the contribution of the average criticism for having limited the number of without increasing its facillties. The only physician to medical education. physicians, whereas the Association has been significant additional expense would be It is time for physicians to re-examine two doing much to stimulate expans-ion of physi­ another set of instructors, assistant pro­ aspects of what they give to help their pro­ cian education through helpful legislation, fessors, and associate professors. Doubling or fession. creation of fac111ties, and a full-scale careers tripling the salaries of these younger faculty One is financial. program. The success of the recruiting efforts members would attract good ones into teach­ More important is what they give of them­ is refiected in the fact that twice as many ing and keep them there, and would prove a selves to design and carry out the programs qualified students apply for admission to great deal more economical in the long run of those organtzations. medical schools as there is room for in those than building another entire school, equip­ The medical profession is not without re­ schools. It would seem, therefore, that the ping it, and seeing it raid existing faculties sources or talent. But those resources and next move is up to the schools. to create its own teaching staff. talents are not presently deployed in the The one thing that has not been done is to The clinical years of teaching could be manner they should be in order to face con­ put AMA and public pressure on medical made more efficient by utilizlng more hos­ fidently the complicated situations of the faculties and on those responsible for the pitals in the cities where medical schools are day, and to influence effectively the public administration of major universities to the located. Modern transportation makes this attitudes and public opinion without which degree that they will respond to the need. easily possible; and such a program not the profession cannot succeed in its efforts We should get on the side of the public only would make more beds available for to protect its patients and itself. more positively in this matter; which is on teaching but also would upgrade the services Indeed, medicine never had it so good; the side of the angels. The benefits of having available to patients in those hospitals. nor so bad. If too many of us take the good more physicians are so many as to be almost In these and other ways, more medical for granted, however, without working to beyond counting. To name only a few, the graduates could be turned out, beginning support it and overcome the bad, our apathy quality of care would improve because each very soon. But, before it can be done, there wlll lead to controls on the profession which physician would have fewer patients and has to be acceptance by medical faculties the public believes are necessary because more time to spend with each. The con­ that such procedures are necessary and in the profession itself did not solve the prob­ venience of medical care would improve be­ the public interest. It is up to the medical lems that need to be solved. cause more physic-ians would be avallable profession and the public to stimulate that It is absolutely vital that every physician when needed. Areas that do not now have acceptance. become clearly aware of the situation that physicians could be served. The third and final point to be made faces his profession and its services; and To reach these highly desirable goals, how­ with respect to physician action is that aware that if he wants to strengthen and ever, requires understanding and effort of every physician make himself a part of the preserve what he now has ... and improve our own profession, of the universities, and, solution to prqblems affecting his profes­ conditions for the future ... it is his obliga- above all, of the public. sion. tion to get the job done. There is no one simple answer to how this One cause of justifiable concern to the Nobody can do it for him. "The time is job can be done. But there are some sugges­ medical profession is the physician who con­ out o! joint." But the physician-in part-­ tions that make sense to me. siders himself so busy with his day-to-day "was born to set it right.'" January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 555 college to play ball, but now he says, "I play upon completion of the liberal arts require­ Perserverance of the Don Blanc Family, ball while I'm going to college to study." ments for that degree. Caldwell, Idaho Barbara and her husband, Jerry Walton, "He enrolled for these courses in the eve­ are attending Boise College, both education ning classes at Boise College. students. They have a six-month-old baby "Before I re-entered the College of Idaho HON. FRANK CHURCH daughter, T111inie, whom they call "Lil Drop­ as a full-time student, I thought 'Half my OF IDAHO out." life is before me and I can live it anyway I IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Ann and her husband, Robert Teeter, are choose. But the years ahead have to be as students at the University of Idaho. She is meaningful and as productive as the years Monday, January 22, 1968 enrolled in the school of education, studying before.' drama, and he is a senior 1n the school of "It was then I realized that more than the Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, a heart­ business. goal of the degree challenged me. It was the warming article published in the Cald­ Mrs. Blanc states that when she and Don realization of what I could do with that well, Idaho, Times-News came to my began their lives together after World War ll, degree that made my decision for me. attention recently. The story of Mr. and "Both of us wanted to continue our educa­ "Don is really making the greater change. Mrs. Don Blanc's struggle to reach the tions, but we were faced with a choice that He, too, needs the challenge and stimulation goals they have set for themselves reads had to be made. We had to decide whether of entering a new field. like a modern-day "Pilgrim's Progress." to go on to school, become involved with "With both of us entering the field of edu­ careers, and have our family later, or take cation, we can work together, and not be Through all the everyday troubles which up our homestead in Black canyon, have limited by geographical boundaries. We've serve to obscure the real meaning of life our family, and go back to college when our discussed the possibility of entering Civil for so many of us, the Blancs have per­ land was productive and our children grown. Service for the federal government, as a severed in their beliefs. "We chose the latter." teaching team. This family has never allowed dally Keeping the goal in sight was not always "I'll enter teaching somewhere in Treasure activities to obscure their goal, but in­ easy. Often it seemed lost or out of reach, Valley next fall, while Don finishes his re­ stead their faith in themselves and their buried in the routine and necessities for quirements. And then we'll go on from daily living and the inevitable hardships there." beliefs have determined the nature of that develop. their actions. I think it is important that, Again, as Mrs. Blanc puts it, "A family's more than this, the Blancs find fulfill­ philosophy involves the actions and thoughts ment during their struggles, and not just of both the parents and the children, in con­ Law-Enforcement Agencies and Staffs after they reach their goal. Work never sidering what each individual is free to do in Require Greater Public Backing became drudgery for this family, but is directing his own life, while at the same instead a part of their creative life. time making positive contributions to the direction taken by the others." HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI I think that all of us c,an learn from On their Black Canyon homestead, where the lesson these Idaho people can show they remained until two years ago, their o• NEW YORK us. three children were born and their foster son IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I ask unanimous consent that the came to live with them. Monday, January 22, 1968 article be printed in the Extensions of "It was there, on our farm, that our philos­ Remarks. ophy of 'if each of us is to be a "someone," Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, one of the There being no objection, the article then all of us must do something toward great problems of our day is the rising that goal' began to grow and to become incidence of crime. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, an affirmative inftuence. as follows: "To make our row crop farm go, it re­ It is essential that we provide our law­ IT TOOK MORE THAN 20 YEARS; EASY THING quired the efforts and interest of each one of enforcement agencies with the tools nec­ NOT THE NORM FOR THis FAMILY us. Yet, Don and I knew that our children essary to protect life and property in our (By Dorothy Huckabay) must be allowed time and activity for them­ country. The easiest, the normal thing, would have selves. When the boys went with their dad Most important, we must give our law­ been to sit back, relax, and say, "My job 1s into the fields, they knew he would show enforcement officers the respect and done." them what to do and that he would tell them backing which they deserve and require. But Afton and Don Blanc, currently Em­ what he expected them to accomplish. They This includes improved pay scales, bet­ mett fruit ranchers, have seldom done the also knew that he would leave them free to ter training, and clear authority. easiest thing. do the job in their own way-and that when the job was done, there would be equal time Our distinguished Senator from the Now, with their family raised, at a time State of New York, the Honorable RoB­ when most people begin to think of retire­ for play. ment and relaxation, they are entering new "During this time (when the children were ERT F. KENNEDY, a former U.S. Attorney fields. To them, it is simply phase two of a small) I snatched at college courses where General, has proposed a three-part pro­ plan began long ago. and when I could (an evening class and a gram to stem the tide of lawlessness. Since their marriage 22 years ago, family couple of special daytime classes at the Col­ He outlined his views very clearly in a responsib111ties came before personal gratifi­ lege of Idaho, some extension courses from speeeh at Buffalo on January 16 to cation. But while personal desires and goals the University, and a summer session.) students of the State University of Buf­ took a back seat, they were not forgotten. "Then came a testing time for our philos­ ophy. Just as I completed my sophomore falo Law School. Now both have joined their four children I concur wholeheartedly with Senator in the world of academic pursuit. Counting year, I came down with rheumatic fever. I in-laws as part of the immediate family, was sick and my husband was tired. The in­ Kennedy in the three points he makes: there are eight of them now represented in creasing needs of a growing family, medical First. Full citizen participation "to five different colleges-three in Idaho, one in expenses and several crop losses placed a make our law enforcement agencies as Oregon and one in Washington. tremendous financial burden on us, modern and effective as possible." Don is now enrolled in evening liberal arts "But as our 11 and 12-year-old daughters Second. Broadening of police work, courses at Boise College to complete require­ took over the cooking and cleaning and our boys willingly helped, we knew that our especially in high-crime, low-income ments for a bachelor of science degree and to communities, "to turn the police into the earn a teaching certificate, in his quest for a philosophy was working. Through the ex­ school administrative position. perience of giving, they would feel the natural allies of those seeking better Afton is currently commuting to the Col­ strength of family unity-because each had lives." lege of Idaho as a full time senior student. accepted his individual responsibility. Third. An effort to free the police from She wants to be a children's librarian in a "As our children entered high school, and burdens which can best be treated out­ public school, a job that requires a master's made plans for college, their activities con­ side the criminal process--drug addic­ degree. stantly reminded us and challenged us to re­ tion and alcoholism. Their children, two of whom are now mar­ new our determination if only to keep up with them. With permission, I include the text of ried, and their daughters' husbands, are all Senator KENNEDY's speech to the law enrolled in college, preparing for professional "Our sons went on to college, and our careers. daughters followed after marrying boys who school students as follows: Trennis, 21-year-old Paiute Indian, a foster were also college students. ADDRESS OF SENATOR ROBERT F. KENNEDY, TO son who came to live with the Blancs' when "Then, this fall, we knew it was time for STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK LAW he was eight, is studying art at Treasure Val­ us. The farm was productive; our family was SCHOOL, TuESDAY, JANUARY 16, 1968 ley Community College on a full academic raised. We knew we must act now on our St. Thomas Aquinas once defined freedom scholarship. decision of 20 years ago, if we were going to as "willing obedience to law." It is in this Richard is attending Western Washington act at all. sense, more than any other, that the growing State College on an athletic scholarship in "Don had just received word that Congress crime rate in America is a major national basketball and is one of the starting five on had commissioned the academies to award issue. It is not simply the staggering financial the varsity basketball squad. He went to bachelor degrees to their war-time graduates cost of crime--although last year crime cost 556 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 Americans more than $22 billion. It is not has promise; but crime today does not re­ amount of crime. In New York City, drug ad­ the effort and energy diverted from other spect state boundaries. Such information dicts account for almost half of all crimes tasks-although in 1967 more than 4 milUon networks-under careful controls to insure against property-and in one upstate New criminal offenses known to the police were protection of the rights to privacy-should York community, alcoholics commit more committed, and millions more went unre­ be established regionally and nationally, to than that per cent in all criminal offenses. ported. provide police with the intelligence they Clearly, we cannot permit those who are The critical danger of crime is what it does need. addicts or alcoholics to threaten our safety to the quality of our own lives. A community From my experience as Attorney General, I and our property. Clearly we must free the infected with crime is not free: for it 1s can state that coordination does work. By urban citizen from this fear of sick men. But paralyzed by fear and mistrust. And this combining the information of more than 25 just as clearly, we cannot simply put these paralysis has begun to infect American com­ investigation agencies in the Federal Govern­ men in jail, only to have them return to munities. The President's Crime Commission ment, we were able to increase convictions by their habits and their crimes. reported last year that "the existence of 1600% in three years. And we can gain that We need to begin developing effective al­ crime, the talk about crime, the reports of same success on state and local levels. ternatives to criminal treatment of sick men. crime, and the fear of crime have eroded the But the police, it is clear, cannot modernize One such hope is the Narcotics Addict Re­ basic quality of life of many Americans." in a vacuum. They need the training and the hab111tation Act, which I helped sponsor in Fully one-third of all Americans now fear personnel to become fully modern agencies. the Senate. This Act gives to state and local to walk alone at night in the streets of their Yet despite this need-and despite the grow­ governments funds to give addicts effective own neighborhoods-and the Commission re­ ing national fear of crime-we have been un­ therapy in attempting to free themselves of ported also that the same number, in two willing to make police. work a professional, the drug habit. Its goal is not simply to con­ large American cities, no longer speak to attractive work. The average starting salary is fine, as some civil commitments laws may strangers. And a full-page ad in one of our under $5000-and promotion is often so stul­ be doing. Instead, it seeks to give back to most infiuential papers warns of criminal tified that no one with professional training the addict a sense of control over his own attack, writing, "you know in your heart and would consider a law-enforcement career. life. Similar projects must be developed for soul, you might be next." To change this condition again requires the alcoholic, as well as for the victim of This, then, is the urgency of the fight money: money to recruit new kinds of police mental lllness, who we are only beginning against crime: not the simple preservation with knowledge of the science and technology to understand. But understand-and act-­ of our property or our safety, but the preser­ of crime detection; money to train those we must. For a criminal process which is vation of our national character and heri­ already on the force in these new methods, based on false understandings of why men tage-that sense of trust in our fellow citi­ so they can accelerate their advancement in­ commit crime cannot act effectively in fight­ zens and in our community. No nation which stead of being forced to moonlight to earn ing it. honors personal freedom and security can extra. funds; money to raise the disgracefully Finally, we must act to stop the appalling survive an erosion of that trust; no nation low salaries of those who now bear the danger rate of repeat offenders-particularly among rooted in public participation can survive and the burden of law-enforcement. our youth, where the crime rate is rising as a nation of citizens behind locked doors. Improving the quality of police work is a fastest. Here again, we can develop programs This fight is thus the same as the fight for vital first step. But it cannot ignore the to fight recidivism. The Halfway Houses we our cities, our natural resources, and the broader problems of our police: most partic­ established under the Department of Jus­ reassertion of individual worth. ularly, their work in the ghettoes of our large tice-in which youthful offenders left jail tor But it is also a fight which can be won; cities. It is here that resentment and mis­ counseling and job training-worked; par­ a fight in which powerful tools of crime trust--on both sides-fiourish. It is here that ticipants were three and a half times less prevention and control are at hand-if we police-citizen incidents have helped trigger likely to commit further crimes than those have the will to use them. all of America's major urban riots. And it is without such help. We are beginning to ex­ What are the elments of a program to com­ here that we must take rapid, fundamental pand this program; I was pleased to see bat crime? They form three essential parts: steps of change. that my bill to involve VISTA and Teacher First, full citizen support to make our law­ We know that in these ghettoes are the Corps workers in criminal rehab111tation is enforcement agencies as modern and effective principal victims of crime; that those with now part of the poverty program. as possible. incomes under $3000 suffer more crime than But all of us-local and Federal official as Second, an intensive broadening of police any other group. And we know also that, in well as citizen-must understand that this work-particularly within high-crime, low­ the Negro and Puerto Rican neighborhoods of work of rehab11ltating those who have com­ income communities, to turn the police into New York, a recent poll showed that the mitted crimes must be the work of a citi­ the natural allies of those seeking better principal demand of the residents-despite zenry which believes what it says about a lives. all their other deprivations-were for more second chance-in hiring, in schools, in ac­ Third, an effort to free the criminal process police protection. ceptance. A man whose first offense leaves from those burdens which can best be treated But it is also clear that police cannot work him no route back to society has no reason outside this process-thus freeing our police effectively in neighborhoods where they are not to break the law again. to tackle the genuinely criminal elements in treated as outsiders, alien enforcers of unjust These are some of the tasks we must do; our life. laws. The single most effective way to change some of the directions which are now most The first duty is effective citizen support this image is to develop far closer ties be­ promising. To make them work we need for the police. But support does not come tween police and all our neighborhoods. money-we need effort--we need the sup­ with a slogan; nor by urging the police to The techniques for this fusion are di­ port of all our citizens, and especially those violate historic constitutional rights. verse. We can begin with the use, as the of you who will be shaping the legal order It comes instead from a willingness to give President's Crime Commission recommended, of the future. The goal we seek-wtlling them the most modern, effective techniques of "community-service officers"--citizens who obedience to the law--cannot be won by re­ of crime prevention and detection-and that work with the police in determining how pression, nor by indifference. It will be won means at heart the willingness to spend the police can better function. We can start by the building of communities in which money for them. civilian auxiliaries, using the resources of men res·pect the law because they have helped To a large extent, we have-now-methods the neighborhood-particularly the younger to make it, and because it gives them which have already worked in cutting back members, who helped keep the peace in East the chance of self-fulfillment. That kind of crime. When Chicago put single-man patrol Flatbush, Tampa, and Chicago-to learn a community will not be won without your cars into high crime districts, it dramatically about police work and to join the police help. But I believe it will be won-because reversed a rising crime rate. In New York closer with ghetto residents. We can hire you will help. City's parks, the use of mobile police cut unemployed ghetto residents as sub-profes­ muggings by more than a third; and in its sionals, and free police from the clerical, subways, the appearance of uniformed routine duties of the station house. Fino Introduces Bill To Extend Income patrolmen reduced subway crime by more These kinds of citizen involvements have than 50 per cent within a few weeks. multiple benefits. They give to ghetto com­ Averaging Federal Tax Provisions to Almost every city, we learn from a National munities a stake in law-enforcement, be­ League of Cities survey, needs more police­ cause they become part of the process, in­ New York State Lottery Wins anyWhere from ten to thirty per cent more. stead of just the objects of it. To the police, But we also need police who are freed from they offer a valuable new source of police re­ the burden of clerical duties, and bureau­ cruiting, with effective roots into high-crime HON. PAUL A. FINO cratic paperwork; we need pollee who can neighborhoods. And they give to both pollee­ OF NEW YORK reach their counterparts across the nation man and ghetto-dweller the sense that they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to check crucial information. We need police need not be implacable enemies, but that the who are not forced to fight 20th century safety and decency of a community is a com­ Monday, January 22, 1968 crime with the facilities of the village con­ mon effort. Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, today I have stable. Finally, we must seek to remove from the introduced legislation to allow taxpayers Here, again, the potential already exists. criminal process those who do not belong in New York has begun a new state Intelligence it. Far too much of our pollee work is spent to average out State-conducted lottery and Identification System, joining the 3600 combatting ills which the police cannot ef­ winnings for Federal income tax pur­ law enforcement agencies in the state within fectively fight. These ills: drug addiction and poses over a 5-year period instead of pay­ a combined information network. This idea alcoholism in particular-cause a startling ing taxes on the lump sum in 1 tax year. January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 557 At present, people who win State lot­ was to control but not to completely pro­ TVA did not win on every point, hOWever. tery prizes have to pay all their taxes in hibit territorial expansion of TVA. It had contended that KU lacked stand­ The Supreme Court ruling may set the ing to challenge the legality of TVA activities 1 year. If the prize they have won is pattern for other court cases that deal with and should turn to Congress for relief. $50,000 or $100,000, taxes will thus take a extension of TV4 power along its primary But the court agreed with both the district hefty bite of the prize money. service area. It at least clarifies the right of and circuit courts that that contention "is I believe it would give the average tax­ the board with respect to a rather murky without merit." The court said protection ot payer more incentive to participate in the situation about the Authority's service area. private ut111ties from TVA competition was lottery if his winnings could be stretched the primary objective of the 1959 area limita­ out over a 5-year period for income tax COURT SUPPORTS TVA IN SERVICE AREA RULING tion and that since KU was a private utility (By Edmund Willingham) it has "standing" to bring the suit. purposes. Most lottery prize winners are The majority opinion said the "facts" in low- or middle-income people and their WASHINGTON.-The U.S. Supreme Court Claiborne County supported TVA's position. normal tax brackets are reasonably low­ ruled yesterday that the Tennessee Valley It said TVA served most of the county's rural most of them are also married. Thus, if Authority can determine its service area as areas and had a substantial minority of the they can average their winnings over a long as it has "reasonable support" for its customers in the Tazewells. decisions. In a footnote, Harlan suggested that the 5-year period, simultaneously splitting The TVA's determinations of it service the income with their spouses in joint majority used the descriptive phrase "a sub­ area must, of course, be made within the stantial minority" to cover the fact that KU returns, the tax impact of lottery win­ limits of the 1959 self-financing act. had 95.3% of the two communities' cus­ nings could be greatly minimized. Not The Court's 6-to-1 decision came in a case tomers, according to district court. only would this be fairer to the prize involving whether TVA could serve Tazewell The majority also noted that "the great winners-to let them share some of the and New Tazewell in Claiborne County, disparity of rates in the villages had resulted Tenn. tax benefits enjoyed by the rich-but it in significant economic dislocations." In a would increase the attractiveness of lot.., The court, affirming the district court footnote, the majority said the owner of an judgment and reversing the 6th Circuit electrically heated home might pay $30.50 a tery participation. Court of Appeals decision, said TVA could I hope that Congress will see fit to winter month for TVA power, compared to serve the communities. $75.53 for an identical amount from KU. extend this small cost benefit to lottery­ "We have heard of the decision but have In seeking review of the case, the solicitor minded taxpayers. not received an official copy of the ruling, general said there had been "considerable therefore can not comment at this time. confusion (about the issue) and the prospect There may possibly be after ruling is of mounting litigation." studied," Paul Evans, TVA spokesman, said in Knoxville. U.S. Supreme Court Ruling Gives TVA Malcolm Marshall, Louisville, attorney Right To Determine Communities To for Kentucky UtUities, which opposed ex­ tension of TVA power, said during argument Fifth Column Delays Victory Receive Power Within Its Overall Serv­ of the case last month that the stakes in the ice Area suit were much greater than service of the two towns. He said the decision could affect HON. BOB WILSON 200,000 customers now supplied by several OF CALIFORNIA investor-owned utilities. HON. JOE L. EVINS The 1959 self-financing act barred TVA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF TENNESSEE from expanding its sales outside "the area Monday, January 22, 1968 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for which the corporation (TVA) or its dis­ tributors were the primary source of power Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, un­ Monday, January 22, 1968 supply on July 5, 1957"-with some excep­ der leave to extend my remarks in the Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, tions. RECORD, I include the following: the U.S. Supreme Court in an important TVA argued it supplied two-thirds of [From the San Diego (Calif.) Union, decision has affirmed the right of the Claiborne County's electric service in 1957 Dec. 23, 1967] and thus could serve the communities. KU, FIFTH COLUMN DELAYS VICTORY Tennessee Valley Authority to determine however, said TVA provided almost no serv­ the communities and areas it will serve ice in 1957 in a corridor that dips down from The battlefield of Vietnam is as much in within its overall service area. Kentucky into Tennessee and includes the the United States of America as it is in the The Nashville Tennessean, in a recent Tazewells. humid swamps of Asia. The war for freedom The issue was how to determine TVA's of the Vietnamese people can be won or lost editorial, described the ruling as a vic­ on American soil right here at home as much tory for the TVA. Because of the in­ primary area. as it can in Vietnam itself. But there ap­ terest of my colleagues and the Ameri­ Delivering the court's opinion, Associate pears to be no Christmas truce at home. can people in this matter, I include the Justice Hugo Black said "the initial deter­ Perhaps through stupid symbolism of mis­ mination as to the extent of the 'area' under guided protesters blood wm again be poured newsstory outl.iining rthe rulinlg and the (the statute) must be made by the TVA editorial-both from the Nashville Ten­ over selective service files. But this, too, has board in every case ..." its significance. nessean-in the RECORD at this point: "We think it more efficient, and thus more As the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of HIGH COURT GIVES TVA A VICTORY in line with the TVA's 'area' determinations Sta1I warned this week: "In a very real sense, The Tennessee Valley Authority has won as their starting point and to set this de­ the major campaign of the war has been a legal struggle in the Supreme Court over termination aside only when it lacks reason­ and is being fought in the United States." Kentucky Utilities Company, and, appar­ able support in relation to the statutory Gen. Earle G. Wheeler emphasized his ently, the right to determine the precise purpose of controlling, but not altogether point by adding that the "single most im­ regions it may service under congressional prohibiting, territorial expansion," Black portant factor in prolonging the war" is authority. wrote. Hanoi's incredible belief and mistaken cal­ During the Eisenhower administration, the Associate Justices William 0. Douglas and culation that there is a reasonable chance Congress put what was, in effect, a wall Thurgood Marshall did not participate in United States policy will change. around the region beyond which the TVA the decision. The Viet Cong manpower situation ts couldn't expand. Under the amendment to In a sharp dissent, Associate Justice John reaching the stage where the enemy's only the TVA act, the agency could supply power Harlan said protection of private ut111ties hope for victory is by United States default to the area for which it was the "primary" from TVA competition was the primary ob­ in its obligation and weakening in its deter­ source on July 1, 1957. At the same time it jective of the 1959 service area limitation, mination to see the campaign through. was barred from supplying municipalities and that "an orderly system of law does not There are, of course, those who refuse to within a five-mile "peripheral" area who place the enforcement of a restraint upon listen to military minds on this matter of were receiving power from private sources. discretion into the unfettered hands of the America's conscience and duty. There are It has been TVA's contention that Con­ party sought to be restrained ... " those who consider only some academic gress left it up to the TVA board to deter­ The effect of the decision, he said, is to minds, by contrast, have the answer. For mine what was meant by "primary" and restrict severely the scope of judicial review them there was an important announcement "peripheral" areas. In a 6-1 decision, the of TVA area determinations because the this week, too. It came from non-military Supreme Court agreed, noting that the majority opinion forbade courts from set­ minds; even non-militant minds. "area" concept is intrinsically vague and ting aside these determinations unless they A group of Asian scholars-professors­ complex. Justice Hugo L. Black, who wrote lacked "reasonable support." meeting for two days under the sponsorship the decision, said that courts should set this "Certainly Congress did not wish or expect of the Freedom House Public A1Ia1rs Institute determination aside only when it lacks rea­ that, as this court now holds, the question reported in terms almost identical to Gen. sonable support in relation to the law. should be left largely, if not entirely, in the Wheeler. They said the conflict is "being de­ Justice Black said the purpose of the law hands of (TVA)," Harlan wrote. cided on the streets and in the homes of 558 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 America as much as in the jungles of Viet­ of our casualties in Korea took place after The final decision of producers 1n the nam." the peace talks had begun. American National Cattlemen's Association They referred to the "crucial importance" To call off the bombing of North Vietnam to enter the marketing battlefield was a long of the U.s. presence in Asia which "has on the basis of rumors or tentative feelers time 1n coming. The giant step was taken bought time for some 200 mlllion people to would be, in effect, to give Ho the respite he grimly, with cattlemen reallzing that there develop without their being ceaselessly con­ wants. If he should still be willing to nego­ would be pitfalls and many battles ... but fronted with combined external-internal tiate, it would only be to obtain further con­ with valid chance of winning the marketing communist threats of growing proportons." cessions. And we would be in danger of sacri­ war as has been so dramatically done on the We are, as President Johnson said again ficing the cause for which so many Americans production front. this week, always ready to negotiate. We are, have died. As every producer knows, the production of course, prepared to achieve peace honor­ Negotiations with Hoare likely to be a slip­ battle was not whipped by any individual ably and in the best interests of the people pery business under the best of circum­ cattleman. Thousands of researchers work­ of South Vietnam. stances. To let up on the pressure now would ing together, along with hundreds of private But this does not mean we are prepared to be to forfeit any chance that they would companies, and thousands of innovators of "negotiate our defeat or a face-savit;~.g with­ bring a sincere and constructive response. the industry, all combined to provide the drawal which would invalidate the sacri­ ideas, the planning, the know-how, and the fices," as Gen. Wheeler expressed it. practical application. The current tragedy of this war is that It should be equally obvious that cattle­ many American and allied lives are being men cannot win an even tougher and more lost because of ftf,th column voices at home. Will 1968 Be Just Another Weary Year? complex marketing battle as individuals or If Hanoi did not interpret the antics of the as members of small groups. anti-war factions as national lack of pur­ However, if we admit that long accepted pose, Ho Chi Minh would be more disposed HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE marketing and pricing methods now are out­ to come to the conference table. Until he gets OF TEXAS dated; if we agree that there are enough another impression, he will hold back. And IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES determined people within the industry vol­ men will continue to c11e. untarily to band together in a tight orga­ The Christmas truce in Vietnam could be Monday, January 22, 1968 nization for survival-then we will be well on a permanent one if only that lesson was Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, our way to achievements once believed im­ learned. Let the dissenters demanding peace the American cattle industry has just possible. sing their songs to Hanoi instead of to Wash­ Attrition of good producers to the on­ ington. completed a year of depression in the slaught of unrelenting change has been a sad midst of one of the greatest economic up­ periOd in our national life, but at this point surges this Nation has ever experienced. in history opportunity beckons to those re­ Slippery Rumors of Peace The editorial in the January issue of the maining. The time to fight 1s while we have American Cattlemen analyzes this pre­ sufticient strength and can st111 acquire the dicament and makes some excellent sug­ working knowledge which will help us think HON. JOHN J. DUNCAN gestions. I believe this editorial will be our way along. of interest to those who recognize that To achieve an effective marketing goal is OF TENNESSEE continued depression in one of the Na­ going to demand a lot of thinking, a lot of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES changed attitudes, and an immense amount tion's most important industries ulti­ of cooperation. Monday, January 22, 1968 mately will have an adverse affect on The will to survive is strong among cattle­ Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, peace in us all. men. As yet many may be too engrossed with Vietnam and Southeast Asia will not The editorial follows: the traditional little local skirmishes. These WHAT VALUE 20-20 HINDSIGHT? dissipated efforts, if combined, could win the come easily, but that does not mean that marketing war and place the cattle business we should not try with all our might to The new year has arrived. For cattlemen on a sound business basis along with other reach that goal as soon as possible. An the questLon is: Will it be just another weary year, or will the lessons of the past facets of the national economy. excellent statement was broadcast by serve to create sufticient shift in thinking to How the battle progresses is entirely up to MBm Radio, a leading station in Knox­ the producers themselves. Foresight is the brand 1968 as the milestone of marketing key. There can be no looking back to the ville, Tenn. history? "good old days." Enough cattlemen must This radio editorial speaks well for Looking backward, there can be no doubt marshall money, efforts and full cooperation those of us who believe in honoring our in anyone's mind that the whole structure of in the total endeavor to get a difilcult job commitments for peace and freedom, and agriculture as we have known it has been done. There can be no other way, I place it in the REcORD. as follows: crumbling. The so-called agricultural revo­ lution, combined with the urban-sociological MOTTO FOR CA'l"l'LEMEN SLIPPERY RUMORS OF PEACE concept of government planners, leaves few "Whatever your line of work, one fact soon once again rumors are afoot that Ho Chi of the familiar and trusted "truths" in op­ emerges with crystal clarity-you either get Minh is willlng to talk peace and is fishing eration in this latter half of the 20th Cen­ involved, or you soon find yourself ignored about for a suitable meeting place or an tury. and forgotten."-Bterlln Hurley, president, intermediary. Let us hope that this is so. New thoughts are crystal11zing to replace Arkansas Association of Soil and Water Con­ But hoping it is so is quite different from the accepted situations of even a year or servation Districts. assuming that the negotiations wm be pro­ two ago. ductive and from acting as 1f the negotiations Food producers have often been prone to were practically under way. And that is just blame their farm organizations for failure what a lot o! people are doing when they to take the initiative and remain ahead of demand, as they have upon every hint of a the problems. But, is this an honest ap­ Lesson From Britain softening 1n Hanoi, that we promptly let up praisal? Producer associations have pretty on our pressure, especially the bombing of well reflected the bewllderment and desire North Vietnam. of men and women in agriculture to hang HON. BOB WILSON They welcome the rumors of peace, yet onto old traditions at any cost. OJ' CALIFORNIA act as if we are obstructing peace by our As proof of changing thought, however, behavior. If Ho Chi Minh is really softening, there are now hundreds of intel11gent voices IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as they think, then what do they think has rising from the soU. In the total they repre­ Monday, January 22, 1968 caused him to do so? The weather? The tea sent thinking that must prevall • . • that leaves? The stars? The rapid pleas, well­ producers must :first accept the premise that Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, under meaning and otherwise, of people all over patchwork repair of old ideas and ideals can leave to extend my remarks in the the world? Nonsense. If Ho Chi Minh Is be erased from our planning. RECORD, I include the following: softening, it is because the war is hurting. If, like the alcoholic, we acknowledge that [From the San Diego (Calif.) Union, Jan. 19, And the last way to make him want to stop we are at rock bottom: that we need help 1968] the war is to stop it from hurting. beyond our individual abiUties; that the To the Communists, negotiations are like problem can be solved by adopting an en­ LESSON FROM BRITAIN bombing pauses-something to fall back on tirely new outlook-then we are in line to So Britain, the "right little, tight llttle when things are going badly, a means of be cured. island," pulls even further into its shell. The stalling off the enemy while they prepare We may deeply regret the changed status nation of 55 mlllion people, squeezed on land new offensives. Only last week, Maj. Gen. of agriculture. The feeling is comparable to one-fortieth the size of the United States, Richard G. Ciccolella recalled his frustra­ shooting a favorite but aged and enfeebled 1s in the final sad stages of relinquishing tion as senior United Nations member of horse. But, when our individual economic its position as a major world power. the Korea armistice commission. The peace lives are at stake, sentiment ought give way Socialism, loss of empire, demands of labor talks, he said were used by the Communists to hard headed action . . . no matter how and rising costs, postwar economic malnutri­ "to wage war in the form of psychological intensely we may wish that the old tradi­ tion-all have taken their toll. Perhaps the and polltical propaganda." More than half tions could remain. most important single factor 1n the collapse January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 559 has been labor's strength which grew with by allowing more of the money earned to re­ the increase is "mandatory." Mandatory only Socialism, and helped to turn British enter­ main in local communities where it can be in the sense that the Administration and prise into euphoric lethargy. used by people acquainted with local prob­ Congress are profligate with the people's For the United States of America there are lems and local conditions. money. many lessons and manifold new problems. People with pride in their way of life and Spending of such scope, coupled with per­ An elementary lesson 1s that inroads of pride in their local communities do not riot. petual deficits and a super-easy money policy, socialistic programs on the economy and People who actively participate in govern­ is the prime cause of the inflation the nation vigor of our country must be checked before ing their home, their community and their is suffering. Naturally, therefore, the Presi­ they become fatally expensive. In Britain and state, are better able to handle affairs in that dent blames the inflation on business and the United States, unbridled government area than political appointees, backed by organized labor. And how's this for a won­ spending coupled with excessive control of unlimited taxing authority, far from the re­ derful line, in connection with inflation and the economy can lead only to economic sponsib111ty of facing up to the people whose his demand for a tax boost: "Congress can chaos. money they are using. repeal it ... if the need has passed, but Among the new problems is the power Straws in the political wind are beginning Congress can never repeal inflation... " vacuum being created around the world by to indica.te that Americans a.re nearing the Well, it just so happens that Congress 1s the withdrawal from strategic areas of this end of their love affair with the all-powerful about the only institution that can repeal nation's major ally in two world wars. The "Great White Father on the Potomac" theory inflation. No matter how orgiastic the Ad­ vacuum will be filled. We must not watch it of government. ministration's spending drive, no matter go by default to the Communists. Increased taxes and increased government how loose the Federal Reserve, Congress-if Finally, the lesson of the devalued pound interference in private affairs have -come it would employ its Constitutional preroga­ and near bankrupt Britain is the clear dan­ gradually, but nonetheless, there is scarcely tives-can hold the line. Not by raising taxes, ger signal to the dollar. The one affects the an American citizen who does not feel the which this Administration would probably other. Our dollar deficit balance of payments heavy hand of government on his shoulder as only dissipate, but by getting these wlld ex­ 1s one of the alarm bells. he goes about his daily work. The hand of penditures under control. · The fiscal policies of this great nation must government is in his pay envelope, and his But it's when you come to the content of be removed from socialistic theory and re­ preparations for his future involve the vagar­ some of the spending that the aridity of the shaped into capitalistic practice. We can ies of government regulated funds and re­ Administration's thinking becomes glaringly learn from Britain's mistakes. strictions on his future retirement income. JS.pparent. Same old programs for public The farmer must look to Washington for housing and urban renewal, which in prac­ regulations, and his choice of crops and meth­ tice have been so disastrous Negroes rightly ods involves government regulation. Educa­ call them "Negro removal"; for farm sub­ tion and industry are affected strongly by sidies, which enrich the rich while speeding Drift From Individual Responsibility government. the migration of the rural poor to the over­ Causing National Ills Evidence that bureaucratic regulation of whelmed cities; for ostensible aid to con­ the American way of life has been somewhat sumers, which mostly needs additional har­ less than successful is on every hand. The assments for business. practice of looking to Washington has re­ Still, there's one more or less new idea, HON. E. Y. BERRY sulted in greatly reduced influence of the and it's a safe bet that it wouldn't have OF SOUTH DAKOTA people on the actions of their government, occurred to Washington's planners except for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which has in turn resulted more and more the cost pressure of Vietnam. Mr. Johnson in government by edict and order than in wants a $2.1 billion manpower program partly Monday, January 22, 1968 government originating in legislation re­ "to start a new partnership between Govern­ Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, one of sponsive to the wishes of the people. The rise ment and private industry to train and to South Dakota's most talented editorial in power of the judicial branch of govern­ hire the hard-core unemployed persons"­ ment has resulted in court rulings which as he says, the hardest to reach. writers is Donald Cammack of the Buf­ have adversely ·affected law and order Of course private industry has, on its own, falo Times-Herald. I was especially im­ throughout the nation. vastly enlarged the job market over the years, pressed with a recent editorial, "Drift far beyond the dreams of earlier Govern­ From Individual Responsibility Causing ment planners. Thus it was waging the war National Dis." It very accurately reflects against poverty long before the thought blos­ what has been happening to our form of A View of the State of the Union Message somed in the politicians' minds. Nowadays government, and I would urge my col­ many companies are actively trying to recruit the poor; indeed, even those rated as un­ leagues to read it with care. employable. The editorial follows: HON. THOMAS S. KLEPPE The effort can have, and has had, a certain DRIFT FROM INDIVIDUAL RESPONSmiLITY OF NORTH DAKOTA amount of success for the simple reason that CAUSING NATIONAL ILLS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a number of those considered unemployable Many of the nation's ills which are be­ are not in fact so, given training and moti­ coming more serious year by year may be Monday, January 22, 1968 vation. Yet, human nature being what it is, traced to the time many years ago when the a hard core of actually unemployable people Mr. KLEPPE. Mr. Speaker, under will always remain, and the trouble with the responsib1Uty for a citizen and his future be­ leq,ve to extend my remarks in the REc­ gan to be transferred to the government. As Administration's sweeping proposal is that the individual abdicated more and more of ORD, I include the following editorial it ignores that unhappy circumstance. Stead­ his responsib111ty, government wa!> there to from the Wall Street Journal, Friday, fast to sentimental liberalism, it assumes take over. In the field of savings, in the field J&nuary 19, 1968: that the dispensation of enough money can of welfare, in the field of agriculture, in the WASHINGTON WASTELAND make everyone a solid and productive citizen. field of industry, and in the field of educa­ If it did not touch so many serious matters, Such is the tone of the message: Spend tion, ambitious politicians stood ready to act the State of the Union message would be more and tax more, and its' too bad Vietnam as empire builders, until gradually the re­ almost laughable. At best it underscores the keeps us from spending and taxing a great sponsibility of the individual citizen toward intellectual poverty of latter-day liberalism. deal more. The weary old liberal theme, un­ his family, toward his community and state, That, we might add, is not just a reflex inspired and uninspiring-and, for the well­ le!3sened and weakened and Americans looked response on our part; it is a sentiment con­ being of the nation, not amusing at all. more and more toward Washington for the spicuously present among the more thought­ answers to their problems. ful liberals themselves. It is perhaps in this area that breakdown Consider just a couple of outrageous propo­ of individual responsibillty is felt most. A sitions in the address: Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary great decrease in moral responsib111ty and The Chief Executive, constrained by the civic responsibility has resulted from mil­ cost of Vietnam, says (tongue in cheek?) he of Ukrainian Revolution lions of people demanding that Washington will submit a "tight" budget of only some solve the problems of the family and the $186 billion, including trust funds not community. Protest demonstrations and riots counted in the old-style administrative HON. GUY VANDER JAGT have become a way of life for malcontents, budget. The figure is over $10 billion above· OF MICHIGAN and actions such as the recent "crucifixion" estimated spending in the current fiscal year. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of a female member of a lawless gang in It would leave a deficit of about $8 billion Florida have shocked the nation. assuming taxes are increased; otherwise $20 Monday, January 22, 1968 Even in the quiet, usually conservative bi111on. midwest, outbreaks of violence in protest of Now it is undoubtedly true that, but for Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, in "conditions" have occurred. Vietnam, the Administration would want to observance of the 50th anniversary of the In our opinion, the solution of many of spend a lot more on domestic welfare pro­ proclamation of independence of the the nation's gravest domestic problems will grams. All the same, to call $186 billion a Ukrainian National Republic, I salute ef­ come not from pouring more federal tax tight budget is really stretching things, espe­ forts of the Ukrainian people for their money back into troubled communities, but cially when Mr. Johnson insists that most of spirit of freedom in resisting tyranny and 560 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 oppression. Struggles for individual lib­ states and cities in their war on crime. This way for improved Federal-State coopera­ erty provide inspiration and PUrPose as we shall do . . . Those who preach disorder tion in school affairs. and Violence must know that local authori­ we seek a lasting brotherhood of man. I ties are able to resist them swiftly, sternly I am certain that both measures, while have the deepest sympathy for the hopes and decisively.'' they do not contain all the President re­ of the people of Ukrainian lands. In addition to pledging cooperation for quested, are boosts for the Great So­ development of state and local plans to com­ ciety. Mr. Speaker, I include the Denver bat crime, Mr. Johnson also called for vigor­ Post editorial in the RECORD, as follows: ous enforcement of drug laws, additional BoOST FOR GREAT SOCIETY Congress Applauds President's Determina­ federal prosecutors, mail-order gun control legislation and "help and financial support" "Exhilaration and frustration." These con­ tion To Assure Law and Order Through­ to local law enforcement agencies. tradictory words were used last year by Presi­ Other phases of the President's assessment dent Johnson in describing the mood of the out America of problems at home and abroad, and his nation. proposed solutions therefor, sparked a less­ Without doubt, they also reflected his own than-enthusiastic response on both sides mood as he signed three measures into law. HON. JOE L. EVINS of the pol1tical party aisle, both within and The first two-bills calling for expansion of OF TENNESSEE without the legislative halls. Social Security benefits and a record $9.3 bil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In reiterating his strong plea for a 10 per lion expenditure for elementary and second­ ary schools-obviously pleased the President. Monday, January 22, 1968 cent hike on personal and corporate income, and at the same time submitting proposals As well they should, for the two measures Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, for even greater expenditures by the Federal are key parts of his administration's Great Government, he chose not to recognize con­ Society program. President Johnson in his state of the The ease with which the education bill, Union address declared: gressional demands by Rep. Wilbur Mills, chairman of the House Ways and Means once considered too controversial for passage, We, at every level of government, know Committee, and others that appropriations was steered through Congress is a tribute to that the American people have had enough should be reduced as a curb against higher Johnson's political skill. And more than ever, of rising crime and lawlessness. prices, rising inflation and interest rates. the bill opens the way for improved federal­ state cooperation in school affairs. Certainly the President correctly re­ Unless Mr. Johnson adopts a more realistic approach by slashing unneeded and often There is no question that the Social Secu­ ported on the mood and temper of our extravagant outlays for non-military pur­ rity program is accepted by a large majority people-truly they have had enough of poses, his tax bill-in this election year-may of Americans as a decent way of providing riots, violence, and lawlessness. never see the light of day. sustenance !or our elderly citizens. Yet the Law and order are uppermost in their Many members of Congress have reached lengthy debate on Capitol Hill reflected some minds-just as it is uppermost in the the sound conclusion that this nation can­ of the misgivings over the payroll tax hike not afford skyrocketing programs of federal needed to pay for increased benefits. minds of the Congress. The groans of taxpayers will be heard from In this connection I include an edi­ outlays at nome while spending the neces­ sary billions to finance the war in Vietnam. later as the new payroll tax takes effect. But torial from the Nashville Banner in the Although the increased budget proposals out­ despite certain built-in regressive aspects of Extensions o·f Remarks of the RECORD, lined by the President are smaller than the tax, the over-all impact for pensioners because of its broad general interest and usual, he has not given up on his plan for and for the economy is decidedly beneficial. its interest to my colleagues. both guns and butter. The third measure signed Tuesday by the The editorial follows: With the presidential election only a few President pained him into uncharacteristic months away, Mr. Johnson passed up an silence. The bill-setting a $2.3 billion ce1ling [From the Nashville (Tenn.) Banner, on foreign aid, the lowest in the 20-year his­ Jan. 18, 1968] opportunity to use the appearance before Congress-and millions of others via televi­ tory of the program-epitomized Johnson's LOUD RESPONSE BY CONGRESS PROOF AM!ERICA sion across the land-to launch his cam­ frustration in the field of foreign policy. HAS "HAD ENOUGH" paign for reelection. And more than anything else, the sharp Although President Johnson and others In addition to the men and women in Con­ cutback in foreign aid underscored the isola­ charged with the responsibility of main­ gress-many of whom also go before the vot­ tionist undertone in Congress. If this disturb­ taining law and order throughout a troubled ers this year-a concerned electorate watched ing trend continues, it could well mean the nation should not have needed any confir­ end of such aid as a meaningful instrument and listened, in most instances with a feeling of foreign policy. mation that America is fed up with rioting of cons~derable let-down. and lawlessness, the fervent, ringing ap­ But despite this reminder of his setbacks, plause of Congress accorded that proof with the recalcitrant 90th Congress, the Wednesday night. President can still find reasons for satisfac­ The Chief Executive apparently sensed the tion in his 1967 legislative accomplishmen·ts. mood of that legislative body-and of the Boost for the Great Society Congress, at his prodding, approved con­ country at large-in his State of the Union sular and outer-space treaties with the Soviet Message to the second session of the 90th Union; expanded air pollution controls; ap­ Congress, which gave him a cheering ova­ proved a meat-inspection bill; enacted a HON. BYRON G. ROGERS flammable fabrics measure; approved a pub­ tion, the longest and loudest of the 52- OF COLORADO minute address, when he declared: lic television bill. "The American people have had enough IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There is still much unfinished business, but these are accomplishments that the Pres­ of rising crime and lawlessness." Monday, January 22, 1968 ident can energetically build on as the new Mr. Johnson's speech, in the main, simply session of Congress gets under way. was a repetition of grandiose federal spend­ Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. Speak­ ing outlays, many of them rejected, delayed, er, the Denver Post in a recent editorial or trimmed during the 1967 session. But agrees with President Johnson that there both Congress and the public-whose fear is still much unfinished business awaiting of recurring threats of Violence against life the Nation and the Congress, but it adds Liberia's Durable President and property is mounting daily--can, and should, approve wholeheartedly the overdue that the President can find reasons for measures the President outlined to deal with satisfaction with the 1967 legislative ac­ complishments. HON. WILLIAM T. MURPHY crime in the streets or wherever it may occur. OF n.LINOIS To help strengthen local police forces, Two of these reasons are the expan­ through improved training, higher salaries sion of social security benefits and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and advanced technology in the "war on record $9.3 billion authorization for ele­ Monday, January 22, 1968 crime," the President renewed his plea that mentary and secondary education. Congress clear his $100 million Safe Streets Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, Act, a proposal which has been bottled up The Post says: one of America's best friends in Africa, since last year. These obviously pleased the President, as President William V. S. Tubman of Li­ Especially heartening was !lis request to well they should, for the two measures are berta, was just inaugurated for his sixth provide 100 additional FBI agents "to key parts of his administration's Great Society program. term as President of that country, of strengthen law enforcement in the nation which Vice President HUBERT H. HUM­ and to protect the individual rights of every citizen." Mr. Speaker, I agree with the Post's PHREY, who represented the United While the President emphasized the law statement that "the social security pro­ States at the inaugural ceremony, re­ enforcement was, and is, a primary respon­ gram is accepted by a large majority of cently said in Monrovia: "The bond be­ sibility of local and state governments, it Americans as decent way for providing tween us is one century and a half old." was reassuring to hear him declare that Fed­ sustenance for our elderly citizens," and The Chicago Tribune in a recent edi­ eral authorities "can and should help the I trust the education bill will open the torial paid a tribute to "Liberia's Durable January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 561 President." I should like to make it avail­ renewed interest in another prediction of the ocean's depths, including undersea able to my colleagues, and I submit it for of the past: the nuclear-powered air­ colonies and permanent scientific labora­ reprinting in the RECORD, as follows: plane. tories, I expect that more attention will be paid to nuclear power's compactness, relia­ (From the Chicago (Til.) Tribune, As we move into the second 25 years of bility, long life, and ab111ty to operate with­ Jan. 6, 1968] atomic energy, two members of the nu­ out oxygen. LIBERIA'S DURABLE PRESIDENT clear industry have looked at atomic DESALTING The sixth inauguration of Liberia's Presi­ energy today and in the next 25 years. Work is underway to make use of nuclear dent William V. S. Tubman, which Vice The Westinghouse Electric Corp. has power in turning sea water into fresh, in­ President Humphrey has just attended, calls just published an attractive magazine on cluding a recently signed contract for a for some comments abourt democracy in atomic power called Infinite Energy. nuclear power desalination and electrical Africa. I understand that copies have been pre­ generating plant on an artificial island off Liberia's constitution, adopted more than the coast of Southern California. The con­ a century ago when the country was founded sented to all Members of Congress, and struction and operation of this plant and by emigrant American slaves, is patterned I commend it to your attention. others of its type wm provide information after ours. It does not follow that Liberia is And in the January 1968 issue of Nu­ on which the future use of nuclear power what we would call a model of democracy clear News, the magazine of the Ameri­ in this field can be based. in action. Most of its 1.5 mil1ion people are can Nuclear Society, John J. Flaherty, MEDICINE primitive tribesmen living in jungle villages. president of the Atomics International Tracer chemicals ingested by patients and They are represented in Monrovia by their Division of North American Rockwell the treatment of tumors through irradiation chiefs, who have formed a working relation­ Corp., takes what he calls a "realistic have shown that medicine can successfully ship with the governing clique and are for make use of nuclear materials. More impor­ the most part interested in preserving the optimistic" view of the next 25 years for tant, however, might be the use of actual status quo. The status quo means Mr. Tub­ nuclear energy in the following guest nuclear power sources in compact and long­ man, who has been president for 25 years, editorial: lasting applications such as artificial hearts. giving him a seniority exceeded only by the OPTIMISM Is REALISTIC emperors of Japan and Ethdopia and by Gen­ PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE erals Franco and Salazar in Spain and (By John J. Flaherty) We are earning a steadily increasing public Portugal. Man's first self-sustaining chain reaction confidence in our work and our installations. Mr. Tubman is referred to on the street, 25 years ago stimulated exciting forecasts Much of the credit for this goes to the with 81We but usually also with respect, as about revolutionary changes that would come Atomic Energy Commission's education pro­ "the old man"-like Germany's late Chancel­ as a result of this new energy source. We gram and to our excellent safety record. The lor Adenauer. The chances are that nothing know how few of them came to be true right public's esteem should continue to grow as but retirement or death will move him out away. Nuclear energy in its civilian applica­ nuclear uses become more common and as it of the president's modern gold palace, set in tions did not immediately change the way is more widely realized that nuclear power­ [correct] an artificial lake on a hill over­ we went about our lives. In 25 years, though, plants possess the outstanding property of looking Monrovia and the ocean. it has progressed a great deal farther than not contributing to air pollution. But if these things don't quite conform those early forecasters could think possible. One more point: As important as our to our ideals CY! democracy, Liberia shows This proves a truism about long-range progress has been in research, in application, up in a vastly better light when compared planning: We tend to be too optimistic about and in overcoming economic barriers, one with the other African states. Under Mr. Tub­ short-term progress and too pessimistic about of the most significant signs has been our man it has enjoyed a political stability re­ long-term development. industry's growing maturity. When work markable for the continent. The country has We have come a long way in our 25 years­ with civil1an nuclear energy began, it was by had its economic troubles (as what African from a pioneering experiment in the Midwest necessity totally government controlled. With country hasn't?], but it has accepted several to a highly developed industry; from totally the encouragement and help of the AEC years of austerilty and seems to be recovering. governmental research to a maturing indus­ and the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Above all, Mr. Tubman has confined his try. And we are probably going to go farther and our own hard work, private industry has attellltdon to Liberia instead of trying to set in the next 25 than either you or I can begun operating in all segments of the in­ imagine. Nevertheless, let's chart our prog­ dustry except uranium enrichment. This, I himself up as a nationalistic, pan-African submit, has to be considered among our hero. This has enabled him to remain a friend ress thus far in the major applications of nuclear energy and then, for a moment, be very important achievements of the last 25 of the United States, tho some of his ranting years. neighbors denounce him as an African Uncle realistically optimistic in considering how far Tom. All in all, he has contributed to the we might go in the next 25 years. progress of his country-slowly, perhaps, but ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION certSiinly more effectively than other African We have progressed through experimental America Should Give Moral Support for leaders to whom democracy is nothing but a and developmental stages to water reactors, Ukrainian Independence political slogan, to be shouted at the United which reached economic usefulness in the Nations but never applied to their own 1960s. Accompanying this were important countries. steps in the development of breeder reactors. HON. RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER During the next 25 years, we can expect an acceptance of the fast breeder reactor by OF PENNSYLVANIA Atomic Energy 1992 : Realistic Optimism the electric generating industry as a com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES patible successor to the water reactor. Also Monday, January 22, 1968 likely is the continued development of com­ pact, highly reliable reactors for such uses Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. Speaker, today HON. CRAIG HOSMER as unattended generating stations in remote is the 50th anniversary of the Ukraine's OF CALIFORNIA areas. declaration of independence from Russia IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES POWER COST on January 22, 1918. This independence With the water cooled reactor, we have Monday, January 22, 1968 turned out to be short lived, since by achieved a first goal: nuclear-generated 1920 the Soviet Union had taken com­ Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, when the power at a cost competitive with that using other fuels. The introduction of fast breeder plete control of the Ukraine, denying to atomic age began almost a quarter cen­ reactors should take us to a second goal: the Ukrainian people their basic human tury ago, our imagination was stimulated keeping nuclear power competitive in price right of self-determination. American to envision an almost endless list of and, at the same time, making it an inex­ citizens of Ukraindan desctnt, erumestly benefits which would accrue to all men. haustible source of energy. We're well on the hoping that the Ukraine will soon be in­ Many of these dreams have not yet road toward this second goal: dependent once more, celebrate this day come true, but looking at the spectrum SPACE annually with meetings in their home of nuclear applications in 1968, it is clear SNAP-lOA proved the feasibility of reactor communities. One of the most impressive to me that atomic energy has come power source for space vehicles. In the fu­ of these gatherings is held in Philadel­ further in the past 25 years than we had ture, the concept should be put to actual phia, the birthplace of our own inde­ dared hope. use to supply power for landing parties on pendence as a nation. I was honored Electricity is not yet free, as predicted, the surface of the moon, as compact long­ when the Philadelphia branch, Ukrain­ life sources of power for unmanned :flights burt nuclear po'Wierplants are now com­ to Mars and Venus, and in communications ian Congress Committee of America, in­ petitive with fossil fuel plants. We satellites, TV broadcast satellites, and labor­ vited me to address its rally this past have forgotten the nuclear automobile, atory satellites. Saturday evening which was attended by but the promise of large quantities of UNDERSEA some 1,500 Ukrainian Americans. cheap electricity gives us increased hope Nuclear power found one of its earliest In my address to the rally, I paid trib­ for the electric automobile. And advanc­ successes in providing power for United ute to the courage of the Ukrainian peo­ ing technology in the aviation field has States submarines. For future explorations ple in their quest for freedom. I urged 562 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 that the United States lend its moral sup­ to an article which I think is exceptional You can't, of course, do it alone. First step in its purpose, content, and introduction is to join an organization that is interested port to the cause of self-determination in your particular legislative area-the PTA and independence for the Ukraine's more to etrective politics. for education, a garden or hiking club for than 40 million people. I include in the Each of us who is an elected repre­ conservation, the Mental Health Association REcORD that portion of my speech deal­ sentative of the voter knows how im­ for better psychiatric facilities. Florence ing with Ukrainian independence: portant it is that we stay in touch with Nightingale, Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix in may have succeeded 1n changing laws all by AMERICA SHOULD GIVE MORE SUPPORT FOB the voters and that they stay touch UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE with us. we realize that politics and gov­ themselves, but doing battle as a loner usu­ ernment cannot be separated and that ally produces nothing but frustration. In recent months we have had a steady each depends uPOn the involvement and You must have faith in the political proc­ stream of magazine stories, newspaper arti­ ess as a means of effecting change. Some­ cles and television shows devoted to the 60th active participation, particularly on the times that is not easy. State legislatures are anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution in part of individual voters. usually slow, inefficient and sometimes down­ the Soviet Union. Now I would llke to see This Glamour article by Ellen Switzer right infuriating. They often seem apathetic a lot more attention to the 60th anniversary entitled "How To Change the Law," is about such vital issues as urban blight, we are celebrating here tonight--the anni­ one which I think should be read by crowded prisons and overcrowded hospitals, versary of Ukrainian freedom. every American who cares about his gov­ poverty and racial injustice, while debating It's ironic that when the Czars were over­ endlessly about naming the state flower or thrown ftfty years ago, the result was not ernment and cares about the impact of his government on his own life. the state fish or voting a congratulatory mes­ freedom for the peoples of the Soviet Union. sage to Senator Joe Brown from upstate who The result was simply more enslavement, Mr. Speaker, I commend it to the REc­ has just been made president of the local this time under the Soviet masters. No people ORD so that it will be available to an even Elks lodge. State legislatures can spend weeks have learned that lesson more painfully than wider range of individuals because I feel and months discussing and passing incredi­ the brave people of the Ukraine. No people its contents are outstanding: bly useless laws. For several years the Cali­ have fought harder for their national inde­ fornia legislators debated a bill which would pendence. To this day, no people inside the How You CAN CHANGE THE LAW (By Ellen Switzer) have provided that cows at state fairs must soviet Union's borders are more independent be arrayed so that their heads rather than in mind than the Ukrainians. Lobbying involves playing politics. If the their behinds face the audience. And a Texas In the face of overwhelming obstacles, the adjective "dirty" invariably precedes the legislator recently introduced a bill to pro­ Ukrainians of 1918 formed their own par­ word "politics" in your vocabulary, you'd hibit any barber from discussing "atomic or liament, their own schools, their own courts be better off to forget lobbying and join nuclear energy . . . or any other subject in and their own national army. France and a Great Books discussion group instead. The which he is not learned." Faced with a daily England recognized the Ukraine as an inde­ highway department announces plans for dose of silly doings at the state capitol, it's pendent state. But almost immediately the a four-lane expressway right through the sometimes easy to forget that most legisla­ Ukrainians had to start defending theinselves best park in your area. There's another news­ tive bodies do get a great deal of important against the Bolsheviks. By 1920, the Soviets paper expose (with suitably gruesome pic­ work done. had taken control. Ukrainian independence tures) of overcrowding, understamng and Lobbying involves playing politics. There was crushed. general degradation in your state's institu­ is no way around this fact. But politics can During World War Two the Ukrainian tions for the elderly, the mentally Ul or the be a rewarding, exciting experience for those spirit came through again. Ukrainians fought mentally retarded. A sociologist (or Senator who are willing· to learn the rules of the not only against the Nazis but against the Robert Kennedy) tells us again that our game, abide by them and add a few creative, returning Red Army as well. Again the present welfare system doesn't seem to work imaginative touches of their own. Ukrainian forces were overpowered by the very well, either for the poor or for the tax­ vast numbers of the Soviets. But the Ukrain­ payer. There's another serious accident at Don't bother with legislative action at all ian spirit, whatever the odds, has not died. the corner of Route 1 and Main Street that unless you feel that you can understand and It was surely alive last November, when the might have been prevented if a stoplight, appreciate politicians. If the adjective "dirty" first World Congress of Free Ukrainians met recommended by the town planner six or "corrupt" automatically precedes the noun in New York City. And it is very much allve "politics" in your mind, you will either have months ago, had been installed on schedule. to change your basic attitudes or forget about here tonight, in the hearts of all who have SOmebody, you reflect, ought to do some­ political action entirely and join a Great gathered here. thing about it. Indeed, somebody should. But Books discussion group instead. As Americans we all value our own in­ wishful thinking rarely solves probleins. Po­ dependence. Our nation is fighting today to litical action can. Legislators, like all human beings, sense contain Communism in Southeast Asia, so Lobbying-which means the efforts of distrust, hostiUty and superciUousness, even that Asian countries and ourselves might private citizens, or groups of citizens, to in­ if they are not directly expressed. Under­ safeguard our independence. We are stand­ fluence legislation-is a time-honored Amer­ standably enough, they'd rather not deal with ing here only a few blocks from Independence ican political practice. Giant industrial in­ anyone who assumes that they are venal or Hall tonight, but even here the word "in­ terests do it, so do varied special-interest stupid or both. Lt's best to assume that the dependence" seeins not too close to us. The groups ranging from conservationists to ani­ legislator with whom you are dealing chose word is more of an abstraction than a con­ mal lovers to prohibitionists. If you feel to run for office because he wished to serve crete reality in our lives. But those of you strongly about a cause, if you see clearly the the people of his state to the best of his who know the Ukrainian struggle first hand need for the repeal of an old law or the a;bility. Usually this turns out to be true. know what independence means. You know forging of a new one, and 1f you're willing Even if it doesn't, a constituent's faith in a how precious it is, and how hard one has to to throw yourself wholeheartedly into the legislator's integrity and concern has often fight to keep it, or achieve it in the first effort--and there's work involved: reading, brought out the best in even the most self­ place. May America always have her inde­ studying, informing yourself and others-you ishly ambitious one. He may surprise him­ pendence, and may the day come soon when can join the action too. self and you by voting for your bill. Often the Ukraine can take her place in the family Of course, the closer the problem you he'll tell you afterward in a half-pleased, of independent nations. are trying to solve is to home, the better half-embarrassed manner that he still I would urge, here and now, moral sup­ your chances of influencing legislation. It's doesn't understand why he did it. port by the United States for self-determina­ certainly more likely that you will be able Don't scatter your shots. There may be tion and independence for the Ukraine. to get that stoplight at the corner of Route ten different areas in which you would like 1 and Main Street than change United States to see new and better laws. You may be able policy in Vietnam. This does not mean that to think of twenty-five bills you would like you should concentrate on local problems to to see introduced and passed. But your ulti­ the exclusion of national and international mate success is probably directly related to How You Can Change the Law ones. But realize that your influence on the your ability to limLt your goals. Pick out community and state legislative scene can one, two, or at the most three goals, in re­ be enormous, while on the national and in­ lated areas, thart you really want to achieve. HON. DONALD E. LUKENS ternational one it is likely to be minute. Then become an expert in the field. 011' OHIO We tend to minimize the influence of state Let's say that you want to see a commu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE8 legislatures. But every chi~d in school, every nity college established in your area. First patient in a hospital for the mentally 111 or find out all you can about community col­ Monday, January 22, 1968 retarded, every camper in a state park, every leges. Are there any in your stalte? If so, Mr. LUKENS. Mr. Speaker, it is seldom welfare recipient, every tax-paying ci~izen is how are they working? If not, how are they that a male Member of Congress finds affected by the collective wisdom (or working in a neighboring state? How many stupidity), fiscal responsibi11ty (or ~rrespon­ potential students have shown an interest himself in a position in reading a maga­ sib111ty), concern for people (or lack of it) 1n such an institution already? Where would zine aimed at the other sex. In a startling shown by state legislators doing their job you find the staff? What made you decide exception to this, however, I have found well (or badly). Citizens can exert an enor­ your area was the best location (besides the through an old friend, Mrs. Adele B. mous influence on state legislators, and fact that you live there)? How much will it Friedrichs, public relations director for therefore this can be an area in which an in­ cost the state this year? Next year? Who Glamour magazine, my attention drawn dividual can really make a mark. favors the college in your area? Who opposes January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 563 it? Why? These are all questions an intelli­ A good concrete example of a compromise mail. Sometimes they don't read letters from gent legislator will ask, and you will have bill is Connecticut's new narcotics law passed beginning to end, but they certainly count to have the answers. during the 1967 session of the General the pros and cons. Individually written let­ Charles Weaver of the Mental Health Assembly. A Hartford attorney, Peter Costas, ters are much better than mimeographed Association in Indiana (which has been became interested in narcotics legislation ones. Legislators suspect the origins of a notably successful in getting good mental when he was president of the Connecticut mimeographed ma111ng piece. They know that health laws passed) takes the process of be­ Civil Liberties Union. In search of allies, he only too often it comes not from truly inter­ coming an instant expert one step further. first turned to his state's bar association and ested citizens but from Bill's Multiple Letter Every year, right after election, he finds at was appointed chairman of a committee to Shop in Capital City with a well-financed least one freshman l·egislator who is intelli­ propose a whole new legal setup to deal with lobbying organization footing the cost. B.llt g.ent and app.arently dedicated to his job but the problem of addiction. Subsequently, he blizzards of letters can and do get bills who has no special commitment to any collected more allies: the Medical Associa­ passed or defeated. interest, either education, wefare, conserva­ tion, the Mental Health Association, the PTA Don't underestimate the opposition. Just tion or even mental health. Then he offers Council, the Council of Churches, the Arch­ because you think that your b111 is reason­ to help him become truly expert in mental diocese of Hartford, the Hartford Jewish able, necessary and in the public interest, health legislation. If the off.er is accepted, Community COuncU, etc. He realized that he don't automatically assume that everyone Weaver goes to work. The legislator is taken would get nowhere, however, without the will agree with you. State Senator Gloria on a tour of the state's mental health facU­ support of the State Police. He knew that any Schaffer of Connecticut's 14th district tells lties. He is given opportunities to interview drug bill which the pollee opposed (or just of her first major defeat; a bill to make stray mental health professionals, families of didn't support) would not get past the first dogs available for medical research. She in­ patients and volunteers. He is given litera­ committee hearing. So he made compromises troduced the bill at the request of the Yale ture on the subject and assured that appro­ in order to get this support. Medical School and checked it out with the priate consultants will be available to him Under the new law the sale of marijuana Humane Society and other animal-loving (free of charge, of course) whenever he has is still a felony, not a misdemeanor as many groups. It was full of safeguards for dogs and any questions. By the time the gavel falls of the original supporters of the b111 had dog owners. The blll went down in resound­ on opening day, the new man really knows a wished. But the principle that addiction is a ing defeat when an avalanche of man hit the great deal about mental health in general medical and not a criminal problem is spelled governor's office within days of its introduc­ and mental health legislation in Indiana in out in the first sentence of the bill. The law tion. Antivivisectionists, dog lovers and other particular. He can discuss such legislation goes much further in supporting this prin­ assorted opponents converged on the capital intelligently on the fioor of the legislature ciple than any similar legislation anywhere in for the hearing. Closely reasoned testimony and in the committee room. He is often asked the United States. For instance, it allows cer­ given by research scientists, veterinarians, to speak before women's groups, service clubs tain outpatient fac111ties (private and pub­ representatives of the Humane Society and and other citizen organizations on mental lic) that are designated by the State Depart­ the kennel clubs did not impress the legis­ health laws. Soon he is no longer "that fresh­ ment of Mental Health to maintain addicts lators as much as the tales of horror about man senator from upstate" but "that sena­ on drugs if this is medically indicated. It also suffering animals they read in the letters tor who is so knowledgeable in mental provides for civil (not criminal) commit­ from the home folks. health." He has gained status with his col­ ments for addicts to these outpatient fa.ci11- "I never made the same mistake again," leagues and oonstitutents, and the Mental ties. Psychiatrists call the Connecticut law Senator Schaffer said. "The next session we Health Assoclation has a friend. the most progressive in the U.S., but to those were prepared. We marched out our own Be!ore you try to get your blll introduced, who originally wrote it, it represented a com­ troops. Since the bill was so reasonable and collect as many allies as possible. It can be promise. necessary, we obviously had more supporters assumed that you have already joined what­ Once you have established exactly what than opponents. The first time around no ever organization is most interested in your you want your legislation to accomplish, one had bothered to mob111ze the supporters. particular legislative area: however, one have your bill drafted clearly, accurately and, This time animal-loving legislators were group may not be enough. You may need two above all, legally. If your group can get an taken on a tour of the Yale laboratories and or three or ten groups to support you. It's experienced attorney or an ex-legislator to shown that the horror stories they had heard important to find allies wherever you can. serve on your committee, you are in luck. If were just not true. The governor and mem­ If you can get one political party to put that is not possible, and even 1f your group bers of the legislature were taken on a tour your proposal into its election platform, you has only a very limited amount of money to of a children's hospital ward where young­ are one step ahead of the game. If you can spend, pay an expert to draft the bill. Too sters who would have been doomed only a persuade both political parties to approve frequently individuals or groups work few years ago were recovering from heart your p~oj-ect, you are halfway home. But months and sometimes years to get a bill operations which would not have been pos­ other nonpolitical groups are also important. passed into law, only to find out that it is sible without previous experiments on dogs. Let's assume that you are stlll working on legally unsatisfactory. The governor may This time the blll passed with fiying colors!' that community college bill. Besides the PTA then veto it or the attorney general of the Be prepared for the public hearing on the Council, support might well come from the state may refuse funds for the enacted pro­ blll. Senator Schaffer, who is chairman of the Regional Planning Authority, the Jaycees, gram; in either case the group is right back powerful Joint House and Senate Education church groups and labor unions, as well as where it started. Committee (and, incidentally, as unlikely-ap­ the Chamber of Commerce. The more un­ Only a legislator can introduce a bill, so pearing a legislator as one is apt to meet-­ likely your allies seem to the legislators, choose your legislator carefully. Some legis­ she looks like a blond Audrey Hepburn), incidentally, the more effective their support lators wm introduce amost anything a con­ advises that testimony should be short, unre­ may be. For instance, 1! you are advocating stituent requests, but that does not mean petitive, accurate and preferably in writing. the abolition of capital punishment, the they will fight for your bill. Naturally it is Witnesses who present the testimony should president of the local Patrolmen's Benevolent a good idea to get a committee chairman or be well enough informed to answer questions Association is a far more effective ally than a house or senate leader to introduce your from committee members. This is one place a clergyman whose interest in such a law is bill, but it's even more important to get a where the mimeograph machine can come in well known. If you are trying for a gun regis­ fighter. One truly persuaded and persuasive very handy. The witness may find that he is tration law, your most effective ally would be legislator can do wonders to get a program talking to a temporary chairman and twenty the president of the state hunting and through. An unconvinced and unconvincing empty chairs. At that point the organization shooting club. The president of the Chamber sponsor will drop your law in the legislative sponsoring the bill might send out mimeo­ of Commerce would be a far more impressive hopper and feel that he has done his duty. graphed copies of the testimony to all com­ advocate of improved welfare benefits than Get individual legislators to commit them­ mittee members, preferably at their home ad­ a social workers' organization. selves, preferably in writing, to your bill as dresses, and include a little handwritten note In order to get the necessary allies, you early in the session as possible. The League from an influential constituent indicating must sometimes compromise on a less than of Women Voters holds candidates' meetings that "although you couldn't make the com­ perfect law. It's important to get a legislative in many states. One of their best legislative mittee hearing, undoubtedly due to your principle enacted; you can always come back ploys is to send questionnaires to candidates heavy legislative schedule, we were sure that in subsequent sessions of the legislature to (even before they are elected) to elicit their you would want to know something about improve details or get larger appropriations stands on certain issues of interest to the our point of view on this bill." Some legis­ for the new program. For instance, citizens organization. The group usually requests lators will tell individuals and groups that who are interested in laws abolishing cap­ that the answers be in writing. They are it is not necessary for them to send mimeo­ ital punishment have sometimes found it ex­ then printed in newspapers in the candidate's graphed statements-committee hearings are pedient to present a law which does not district. If the elected candidate tries to get recorded and transcribed and they can read provide for a total ban but allows the death out of a commitment made before election, the testimony as part of the record. But the penalty for killers of policemen and prison they can make political life rather rough record runs to perhaps 1,000 pages, and few guards or kidnappers of children. Those in- for him. legislators are llkely to pore over it looking terested in liberalizing abortion laws often The best people to approach legislators are for your testimony. start by introducing bllls to legalize abortion those from their own district. Most legisla­ Keep in touch with the status of your in cases of rape or incest, rather than a tors, especially early in the session, will llsten bill-right up to the time the governor signs broader bill that would permit abortion if politely to nearly anyone. But they pay most it. Bills literally get lost between committees, the physical or mental health of the mother attention to the hometown voters. Legislators between houses of the legislature and on would be impaired by the birth of a child. also pay a surprising amount of attention to their way to the governor's office. Controver- 564 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 sial bllls have been known to make the is nonpartisan. If you belong to an organiza­ few highlights--or lowlights, depending rounds of committees without landing on a tion that gives out citations, prizes or other on how you look at it--of the year. One hearing schedule in time for a real discussion. forms of recognition for public service, try to of the most emO!t'ional assues came on get a few legislators included on the award Some committees are known to be burial open.ling d!ay, :when the issue of itJhe seat­ grounds for unpopular legislation. Other program. Invite the newspapers, radio and committees make it a point not to vote their TV stations for the presentation. (Inciden­ ing Of ADAM CLAYTON POWELL was voted recommendations until the last day for com­ tally, you might consider giving a few prizes on. After that day 4 weeks elapsed before mittee report deadlines. If there is no report, to the news media that have supported you the House had ra.noither rote, iWhich is a your bill is either dead or it will take a cum­ as well.) Legislators say plaintively that they somewhat clear indication of why the bersome procedure to appeal it out of com·· never hear from their constituents after session took 11 months. Of the 245 votes mittee and onto the floor of the legislature. they have helped to pass their favorite bill. we had during the year we had only five Remember the legislator will probably be If you've had your hearing before a com­ in January, and only six in February. In mittee and there is no report in a reasonably around again in the next session. So stay in short time, get in touch with the chairman. touch. March we did get cranked up a little, He may tell you that everything is going If your bill is defeated, don't roll over and had five votes on the first day of March­ along swimmingly, he just hasn't had a die. Retrench, reconsider your strategy and again all pertaining to ADAM CLAYTON chance to call for a report. Keep after him. resolve to do better next year. Remember PowELL-and through the remainder of After the reports are out, keep after the that legislation is a dynamic process. Noth­ the month had a total of 19. clerks of the house and senate to make sure ing drastic is likely to happen in just one session of the legislature. It may take two Among these was the first really sig­ that your bills get on the calendar of both nificant measure, an appropriation in the houses. Bills that are not scheduled until or three or even five sessions to produce the last few days sometimes don't make it sweeping changes. But when it finally hap­ sum of $12,196,000,000 in supplemental just because the legislative bodies run out pens, it can be one of the most exhilarating funds for fiscal 1967 for the war in Viet­ of time. Most have a statutory deadline for and satisfying moments in a tired lobbyist's nam. We passed a bill providing emer­ closing, and any bill that has not been voted life. gency food assistance to India, appropri­ on before then is dead. ated $7,499,230,000 for the administra­ Watch out for amendments. An amend­ tion of the Treasury and Post Office De­ ment can improve a bill. It can also utterly Congressman Otis G. Pike Reports to His partments, and expressed our support change its intent. It can be used as a flank attack on your law by an opponent who Constituents on First Session, 90th for the concept of a Latin American common market. cannot defeat it by direct means. He may Congress promise to improve your law beyond your In April we continued .at about the fondest hopes, but in doing so, make it so same pace with 16 votes, many of which costly that it has no chance of passage. As a HON. OTIS G. PIKE were simply housekeeping votes provid­ general rule, when a legislator offers to in­ ing funds for the operation of commit­ crease the appropriation on a bill dras­ OF NEW YORK tees of Congress, and one of which estab­ tically, watch out! He may be killing you IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with kindness. lished a new bipartisan committee to Amendments can also be used to postpone Monday, January 22, 1968 d r aw up standards of official conduct a vote on your bill until it is too late. Gen­ Mr. PIKE. Mr. Speaker, only the fact for Congressmen. During that period one erally speaking, except in cases were your that I promised the people who elected of the few genuinely significant actions b1ll was badly drawn in the first place or of the year was the passage of ,a bill where changes are needed as a compromise me to Congress 7 years ago that I would report to them as frankly as I could on making a general overhaul of the Na­ to assure passage, amendments are bad news. tion's copyright laws. We also passed Just because a b111 has passed one house, the activities of Congress and their Con­ a it wm not necessarily pass the other. In many gressman each year compels me to file bill designed to create equally populated states the house of representatives includes this seventh annual report. Honestly, I nongerrymandered districts for the many more legislators from rural districts would just as soon not talk about it. House of Representatives, which might than the senate. {This is no longer quite as The first session of the 90th Congress have been a good bill had it ever sur­ true as it was before the Supreme Court vived, but it suffered a long and painful "one man, one vote" ruling, but it st111 ap­ in the history of our commonwealth con­ vened on January 10, 1967, and was still death during the remainder of the plies in many places.) You may have an easy session. time with one house and a very hard time going on December 14. It was not going with the other. You may have to change anywhere. It was just going. In May again we continued along the your tactics, your testimony and your legis­ When the first session of the 90th Con­ same modest pace with 15 votes, of which lative approach. This is one of the reasons gress adjourned at 6:50p.m. on Decem­ the most significant, and perhaps the why it is a good idea to have friends in both ber 15, 1967, it had run for 340 days, most significant of the year, was the bill houses as well as in both political parties. extending the military draft for 4 years. Get their advice and use it. making it the 13th longest in history and the fourth longest in the last 20 years. It I thought the bill which we passed 1n Remember, however, that such advice is the House of Representatives was a bad usually confidential. Never betray a legisla­ seemed even longer. Twenty thousand tor's confidence. It's very flattering to a three hundred and eighty-seven bills and btll, and I tried unsuccessfully to get lobbyist's ego to be able to tell her friends resolutions were introduced, allowing three separate amendments accepted by that "the majority leader asked me to walt Senators and Representatives to issue the House which would, in my opinion, until after the caucus before writing to the 20,387 press releases. Of the 20,387 bills have made the draft procedures more governor about the bill. . . ." But you are and resolutions which were introduced, equitable. The bill was passed late at not even supposed to know there is a caucus. night on the eve of a long Memorial D.ay You can get a majority leader in trouble by 207 became law, or one in 98. This does blabbing. And a majority leader in trouble not necessarily mean that 99 percent of weekend, and no one was in the mood is dangerous. the bills and resolutions introduced were to listen to amendments of any kind. I Cultivate some friends in the governor's introduced largely for the purpose of im­ voted for the extension of the draft as offi.ce and in the various commissioners' de­ pressing the folks back home; it does not passed by the House even though I partments. The governor's top administra­ necessarily mean that they were not, thought it was a bad bill, because I tive assistants can be invaluable in getting either. thought its necessity exceeded its in­ you last-minute appointments with impor­ equity. The Senate, however, passed an tant legislative leaders or even with the gov­ The House set another record in hav­ ernor himself. One Mental Health Associa­ ing 245 rollcall votes last year, in sub­ even worse version, removing some of the tion representative is sure that an impor­ stantial part on trivia. The pattern of few minor improvements the House had tant bill passed her state legislature partly the session was set on the opening day, managed to get into the existing law, and because she burst into tears in the anteroom when administration forces won the first when the conference report on the com- of the governor's office. The administrative vote-the election of the Speaker-and promise version between· the House and assistant felt so sorry for her that she ar­ then promptly lost the next four in a Senate bills subsequently came before ranged a five-minute interview with her boss. the House, I felt obliged to vote against And the governor, surprised that anyone row. The pattern throughout the year could feel so strongly about a bill, arranged was that of a House of Representatives it. appointments with legislative leaders. The in the rather effective control of a coali­ In May we passed another bill from bill, which had been scheduled for an early tion of conservative and moderate Re­ the Armed Services Committee authoriz­ death in the house, passed. publicans and Democrats, the latter ing appropriations of $21,481,000,000 in If your bill passes, thank everyone in largely from the Southern States, and fiscal year 1968 for the procurement of sight: the governor, his executive assistant, missiles, aircraft, naval vessels, tracked the secretaries, the legislators who helped you while this became obvious on the open­ and even a few of those who didn't. Make ing day, Congress spent 11 months try­ combat vehicles, and for defense research sure that, whenever possible, your gratitude ing to ignore the obvious. There were a and development. We voted on the con- January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 565 troversial rent supplement program, ap­ August was a military construction au­ In November we had 36 votes, and propriated $10,013,000,000 for the De­ thorization of $2,379,000,000 in fiscal 1968 some of them were significant. As the partment of Housing and Urban Develop­ for construction of barracks, libraries, first order of business we passed a $428,- ment and 15 lesser Federal agencies and officers' clubs, addition of air condition­ 000,000 air pollution control bill and executive offices and authorized $3,500,- ing, et cetera, at military bases in the passed a $1,600,000,000 poverty program 000,000 for programs under the Elemen­ United States and abroad, which passed authorization which was $460,000,000 un­ tary and Secondary Education Act in the House on August 1 by a vote of 394 to der the President's request. We author­ fiscal 1969. 2. In this case I was one of the two and ized $116,000,000 for the Peace Corps in In June the pace picked up and we made a speech on the :floor against the fiscal1968; we authorized the creation of had 24 votes. We started what turned bill. While it is always very difficult to a National Visitors' Cen~,;er and author­ into an interminable round of hassling vote against anything which has any­ ized the Secretary of Commerc"l to pre­ between the legislative branch and thing whatsoever to do with national de­ vent the marketing of :flammable fabrics. the executive branch over Government fense, I felt that this bill was full of fat The final month of a long and dreary spending. The issue, as usual, had to do and said so. Subsequent developments session saw us go through 18 votes in 2 with an increase in the ceiling on the backed me up as the Appropriations weeks, almost all of which concerned national debt. Committee cut $236,000,000 from the amendments made by the Senate to bills What Congress and the President amount which we authorized on August 1. which we had previously passed for ap­ fought about for the rest of the year was I voted against this reduced appropria­ propriations to carry out the provisions the question of whose responsibility it tion because I was still convinced that of bills which we had already passed. Al­ was to cut Government spending. Time there was a great deal of fat in the bill. most uniformly the more liberal Sen­ after time the Republicans would offer This time 26 people voted with me, and I ate appropriated substantially higher motions on appropriations bills seeking believe that we did vote hundreds of mil­ amounts. Their agriculture appropriation to reduce expenditures by 5 percent but lions of dollars in this bill which will not was $2 billion higher than ours, their never specifying where the cuts should be spent by the executive branch. poverty program appropriation $367 mil­ be made. The President always responded In the remainder of the month of lion higher, their foreign aid appropria­ by saying that if Congress wanted to cut August we had 16 votes, which included tion $534 million higher, their housing the budget it was up to Congress to cut an anticrime bill which bore little resem­ and urban development appropriation the budget and not shirk the responsi­ blance to the administration's anticrime $500 million higher, their National Aero­ bility by passing it on to him. This par­ bill, and passed a minor civil rights bill nautics and Space Administration ap­ ticular issue wound up in dozens of votes providing protection for all persons exer­ propriation $95 million higher, their pub­ through the year. While I voted against cising or attempting to exercise their lic works appropriation $153 million many specific appropriations, such as the civil rights. higher, and so on. The total by which the farm price subsidies, the rent supplement A much more major bill that month Senate figure exceeded the House figure program, the military construction bill, was the one which increased social secu­ was $4,289,190,718 and we spent most and the Appalachian development pro­ rity benefits 12% percent across the of December reconciling the different gram, I do believe that it is the responsi­ board and limited the payments for amounts. We wound up the session on a bility of Congress to say where cuts which States would be reimbursed by the somewhat higher note on December 15 should be made if they want to cut Gov­ Federal Government under the medicaid by looking ahead to fiscal 1969 and 1970 ernment spending; and voted against program. and authorized $1,250,000,000 for aid to taking the easy course of trying to pass We passed the smallest foreign aid au­ elementary and secondary education in this responsibility on to the executive thorization in the history of the pro­ those 2 years. branch. gram-$2,815,000,000, and passed it only Much too late in view of its meager ac­ In June we passed the biggest appro­ by a hair, 202 to 194, which speaks a great complishments, the Congress adjourned. priation bill in the history of our coun­ deal for the general popularity of the for­ I did not attempt to file this annual re­ try-$70,295,000,000 for defense appro­ eign aid program in this country at the port to my constituents at that time be­ priations for fiscal 1968. At a time when present time. cause I did not want it to get lost among so many voices are raised against our In September we had 19 votes, includ­ the Christmas cards, nor did I want to military efforts it might be appropriate ing an authorization of $887,000,000 for burden the postmen in their busy season. to point out that the defense appropria­ Appalachian regional development and a For this Congressman personally it was a tion bill, which contained the money for new educational TV program. In general good year. I attended international con­ procurement of equipment and salaries the votes in September were on very ferences as an official representative of to be used in our effort in Vietnam, minor issues. the U.S. Congress in both England and passed by a record vote of 407 to 1. In October the quantity of the legisla­ Canada, was active on the Armed Serv­ By a similar lopsided vote of 385 to tion picked up greatly, but very little ices Committee, particularly in the field 16 the House expressed its views on those happened to the quality. We had 38 rec­ of aircraft procurement, and made a who publicly desecrate the American flag ord votes in the month of October, many strenuous effort to cut down waste in de­ by making it a Federal crime to do so. of which were appropriations for which fense spending which received national Toward the end of the month we passed we had previously voted the authoriza­ recognition. These efforts in regard to a Teacher Corps bill and a $4,790,000,000 tions. Others were conference reports on wasteful defense spending are continuing space program authorization. issues over which we had already de­ bated more than adequately. Other than because I am convinced that at a time In July we lapsed again into a more when more than half of every taxpayer's leisurely pace, having only 15 votes, none such matters, which were essentially re­ peats of prior votes, we did pass a bill in­ dollar goes into defense procurement and of which were particularly earthshaking. other defense activities that is where We did pass a bill appropriating $4,- creasing postage on all classes of mail, 623,000,000 for public works projects of appropriated $1,582,000,000 for the new most of the waste will be found. the Army Corps of Engineers, which in­ Department of Transporte.tion, and Of the 245 votes which we had this cluded several projects of interest to voted to create an independent Federal year I was present and voting on 234, or Long Island. These involved an addi­ Maritime Administration. We continued 95 percent. I missed a few when I was tional appropriation of $2,000,000 for to have record votes on each item in each overseas as an official delegate, a few erosion control work on the South Shore, bill pertaining to such controversial pro­ when I was hospitalized, and three which $150,000 for advanced planning on the grams as the rent supplement program were held on a day when I was receiving dredging of Moriches Inlet, and $500,000 and the model cities program, although an honorary degree at Southampton for the dredging of Lake Montauk Har­ it was very obvious that the results of College. My record of attendance was not bor. these votes were going to continue to be the highest in the State of New York, but July was also the month in which the the same as the initial votes on these it was the second highest, and over the House decided not even to consider a same programs had been. We passed a military pay increase bill and watched 7 years which I have been in Congress it bill providing Federal grants to aid local continued to average the highest. governments in developing and carrying the death of the congressional redistrict­ out programs of rat control and extermi­ ing bill by voting for a meaningless sub­ Whether the voting was satisfactory as nation. Nineteen days later we reversed stitute. We did strengthen existing Fed­ well as plentiful is something which ourselves on that one. eral regulations for the inspection of every constituent will have to decide for The first bill which we considered in meat. himself and here, as in years past, is a 566 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 summary of the major votes. Became of an accurate list, including votes on all As always, I will be delighted to have the number and the fact that so many of the tough issues, although it does not my constituents' views on both the of them were trivial, this does not pre­ include votes which were merely repeti­ record of Congress and the record of tend to be a complete list. It is, however, tions of votes previously cast. their Congressman.

Date Issue Vote Date Issue Vote (1967) (1967)

Jan. 10 Election of Speaker (McCormack, 246, Ford, 186)------McCormac~. July ~~ Antiriot bill (yea 347, nay 10>------Yea. Resolution to administer oath of office to Mr. Adam Clayton Powell Nay. Rat Control and Extermination Act of 1967 (yea 176, na~ 207) ______Yea. (yea 126, nay 305). 26 Recommit increased Special Operations Fund of nter-American Yea. Resolution to refer seating of Mr. Adam Clayton Powell to special Yea. Development Bank (yea 185, nay 217). committee (yea 363, nay 65). 27 Extend authori_ty for exemptions from antitrust laws to help safeguard Yea. Feb. 8 Provide temRorary increase public debt limit (yea 215, nas 199) ______Yea. balance-of-f:alments cosition of United States (yea 308, nay 66). 20 Strengthen eserve components of Armed Forces (yea 32 , nay 13) ___ Yea. Aug. 1 Authorize $2, 7 ,843,00 for military construction (yea 394, nay 2) ___ Nay. Mar. 1 Resolution to accept special committee recommendations regarding Yea. 8 Anticrime bill (yea 377, nay 23>------Yea. seating of Adam Clayton Powell (yea 202, nay 222). 10 Authorize mid-decade &o~ulation census (yea 255, nay 127) ______Yea. 8 Authorize sup&lemental defense appropriations for war in Vietnam of Yea. 14 Appropriate $92, 380,0 0 or San Felipe water project (yea 235, nay 83)_ Nay. $4,548,200, 00 (yea 364, nay 13). 16 Provide penalties for certain acts of violation or intimidation (yea 326, Yea. 9 Resolut~on to support. em_ergency food aid to India (yea 312, nay 63) __ Yea. nay 93). 15 Extend mterest equahzatron tax (yea 261, nay 138)------Yea. 17 Provide 12.5 percent increase in social security benefits (yea 416, na~ 3) Yea. 16 Ap~ropriate $12,196,520,000 supplemental Defense Department funds Yea. Increase benefits and pensions for veterans of earlier wars (yea 04, Yea. or war in Vietnam (yea 385, nay 11). nay 0). Restore 7 percent investment tax credit and accelerated depreciation Yea. 21 Authorize grants to States for basic vocational rehabilitation services Yea. practices (yea 386, nay 2). (yea 340 naD 0). 20 Extend compensation and pensions to veterans of Vietnam period and Yea. Authorize $2,8 5,408,000 for foreign economic and military aid (yea 202, Yea. their dependents; expand educational assistance (yea 360, nay 0). nay 194). 22 Apforopriate $7S499,230l00 for Treasury and Post Office Departments Yea. Sept.ll Prov1de disability and death benefits for State and local police officers Yea. or fiscal196 (yea 3 1, nay 7). enforcing Federal taw ~ea 310, nay 0). Resolution suf:porting concept of latin American common market (yea Yea. 14 Reduce Ap$81achia funds or nonhighway pro~ rams (yea 199, nay 161)_ Yea. 234 nay 11 ). Authorize 86,700,000 for A~palachia ~yea 1 9, nay 168)_------__ Nay. Apr. 5 Provide funds for House Un-American Activities Committee (yea 350, Yea. Sept.~~ Food stamp program (yea 1 6, nay 15 >------Yea. nay 43). Authorize grants to States and nonprofit private agencies for health pro- Yea. 11 Extend period for mediation pending railroad strike (yea 396, nay 8) ••• Yea. grams (yea 395, nay 7). Revise copyright laws (yea 379, nay 29>------Yea. Extend grant programs for construction mental retardation facilities Yea. 13 Create House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct (yea 400, Yea. (yea 389, nay 0). nay 0~. 21 Extend Educational Television Facilities Act (yea 265, nay 91) ______Yea. 20 Establis nuclear desaltin9 ~Iant in California (yea 315, nay 38) ______Nay. Oct. 4 Provide for stop-mail orders in cases of mail fraud (yea 353, nay 32) ___ Yea. Postal rates-Federal pay increase (yea 319, nay 89) ______27 Appropriate $1,3651310,15 or Interior Department (yea 377! nay 11) ___ Yea. 11 Yea. Establish congressional districts on basis of equal popu ation, non- Yea. 17 Establish Independent Federal Maritime Administration (yea 326, Yea. gerrymandered (yea 289, nay 63). nay 44). May 3 Appropriate $2,041,826,133 supplemental funds for military and Yea. 19 Strengthen laws governing conduct in Capitol buildings (yea 336, Yea. civilian pay increases, etc. (yea 391, nay 6). nay 20). 9 Authorize $21,481,032,000 for missiles, a1rcraft, naval vessels and Yea. Make it Federal crime to obstruct Federal criminal investigations Yea. tracked combat vehicles, and research (yea 401 na~ 3). (yea 275, nay 47). 17 Delete rent supplement f.'ogram from housing and ur an development Yea. 20 Transfer legislative jurisdiction over military and national cemeteries Yea. appropriation (yea 23 , nay 171). from Interior to Veterans' Affairs Committee (yea 225 nay 0). Delete model cities program from housing and urban development Nay. 24 Increase House allotment for model cities program ~ea 156, nay 241) __ Nay. appropriation ~ea 193, na{o 213). Restore rent supplements contract authority denie by the House (yea Nay. Appropriate $10, 13,178,782 or 16 Federal agencies and Department Yea. 151, nay 251). of Housing and Urban Development (yea 347, nay 56). 26 Increase military pay (yea 386, nay 2>------Yea. Authorize mental health centers through 1970 (Yea 354, nay 0)______Yea. Adopt congressional district standards as recommended by the House Yea. 24 Authorize $3,500,000,000 for programs under Elementary and Secondary Yea. (yea 82, n~ 283). Education Act in fiscal 1969 (yea 294, nay 122). 31 Wholesome eat Act of 1967 (yea 403d nay!)______Yea. 25 Extend draft for 4 years (yea 362. nay 9>------Yea. Nov. 2 Air Quality Act of 1967 (yea 362lsnay >------Yea. 31 Direct executive branch to cut 5 percent from State, Justice, Commerce, Nay. 6 Extend term of existing corcyrigh (yea 309, nay 6) ______Yea. Judiciary and other agency appropriations, except the FBI (yea 171, 15 Authorize $1,600,000,000 or antipoverty pro~ram ------Yea. 6 Establish Federal Judicial Center (yea 231, nay 126>------Yea. Extend Wetlands Acquisition Act (yea 32 , nay 8) ______Yea. Adopt conference report on Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 (yea 336, Yea. Increase cost of migratory bird hunti~ stamps (yea 238, nay 97) _____ Nay. nay 28). 20 Conference report on extending draft yea 377, nay 29~------Nay. 11 Adopt conference report on Antipovery Amendments of 1967 (yea 247, Yea. Prohibit desecration of American flag (yea 385, nay 16 ------Yea. nay 149). 21 Raise national debt limit (yea 217, nay 196)------Yea. Adopt provision for $9,000,000,000 reduction in budgeted fiscal 1968 Yea. 27 Authorize Teacher Corps (yea 312, nay 88>------Yea. obligations for executive branch agencies (yea 368, nab 26). 28 Recommit NASA authorization with instructions to make specific cuts Yea. Adopt conference report on postal rate-Federal pay ill (yea 327, Yea. (yea 239 1 nay 157). nay 62). July 11 Extend Civ1l Rights Commission (yea 284, na~ 89) ______Yea. 15 Appropriate $2,295,000,000 foreign aid program (yea 198, nay 158) ___ Yea. 12 Establish National Water Commission (yea 3 9, nay 19) ______Yea. Adopt conference report on Elementary and Secondary Education Act Yea. 13 Recommit lottery bill prohibiting banks from selling lottery tickets (yea Yea. Amendments (yea 286, nay 73). 135, nay 257). Protect veterans and their dependents from pension cuts when social Yea. 17 Provide for settlement railway labor dispute (yea 244, nay 148) ______Yea. security benefits increase (yea 354, nay 0).

President Cites Challenges Facing Union The newsletter follows: The President's second major emphasis was that rioting and violence in our cities cannot PRESIDENT CITES CHALLENGES FACING NATION in His State of Union Address be tolerated. "We, at every level of govern­ IN STATE OF UNION ADDRESS ment, know that the American people have The Second Session of the 90th Congress had enough of rising crime and lawlessness," HON. JOE L. EVINS met in Joint Session following its reconven­ the President said. He pointed out that law OF TENNESSEE ing to hear President Johnson deliver the enforcement is primarily a local responsibil­ traditional State of the Union Message. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ity but emphasized that the Federal Gov­ Presiden·t gave a comprehensive report on ernment can and must support and assist Monday, January 22, 1968 domestic and world affairs, underlining the local law enforcement agencies by helping to Nation's prosperity and pointing out the provide training and equipment to assist in Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, challenging problems that confront the Na­ coping with riots and violence. He called for President Johnson in his state of the tion today. enactment into law two b1lls passed by the Union address gave a comprehensive re­ Among the major points stressed, the first House last year-the Anti-Riot Act and the port on domestic and world affairs, un­ was that there will be no retreat from this Safe Streets and Crime Act. He also asked for derlining our prosperity and pinpointing Nation's commitment to repel Communist authority to hire 100 additional assistant dis­ the challenges facing our Nation. aggression in South Vietnam nor from the trict attorneys for speeding prosecution ot In this connection I include my news­ commitment to support our troops and forces Federal law violators and 100 additional Fed­ in Southeast Asia. "But," he emphasized, eral Bureau of Investigation agents for in­ letter, Oapitol Comments, in the REcORD, "our goal is peace--and peace at the earliest vestig_tions. because of the interest of my colleagues moment," adding that the reported peace The President's third major emphasis was and the American people in the Presi­ feelers from North Vietnam are being thor­ on the funding of existing programs which dent's annual address. oughly explored. he believes will assist in the solution of the January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 567 Nation's problems. He made few recommen­ small-town America. It is my feeling that C. DeLucia, works closely with Federal, State dations for new programs. small towns. are the backbone of America and local agencies as well as professional The President called for the passing of a and the democratic concept-and that a organizations to identify and meet commu­ temporary surcharge during the Vietnam strengthened small-town America will help nity needs for specialized information and War emergency period, explaining that with­ solve some of the current, pressing prob­ technical assiStance. out this tax the budget deficit for Fiscal 1969 lems of urban areas by broadening the base "HUD has always been concerned with wm reach $20 billion-but would be only $8 of growth. problems of communities under 50,000 popu­ billion with the surcharge tax proposed. The proposal to set up a special small-town lation," Secretary Weaver said. "For example, The President said he is confident this America division in your Department is a of nearly 850 communities participating in Nation will meet its challenges. "We have further step in this direction. As you are HUD's renewal program, 621 are in that the strength to meet our every challenge," aware, the laws providing for various pro­ category. Almost one-third of the low rent he said, "the physical strength to hold the grams of municipal aid do not limit the public housing units under reservation or in course of decency and compassion at home­ benefits to large municipalities. Your fa­ development at the end of last year were in the moral strength to support the cause of vorable consideration of this proposal for a small communities. More than 83 percent peace in the world." The annual messages specific division and for increased attention of grants under the Water and Sewer Facil­ of the President and the Federal Budget to the problems of small towns generally ities program have been to small commu­ Message are setting the stage for the work will be most appreciated. nities. of the Congress in 1968. With kindest regards and best wishes, I "They face many of the problems of our am, big cities, as well as problems unique to them Very sincerely yours. because of their size and character. In addi­ JoEL. EVINs. tion, small communities often lack the technical staff and experience to scope with Secretary Weaver Deserves Commenda­ [From the Na.shv1Ue Tennessean, Jan. 20, the growing perplexities of urbanization." tion for Establishment of Small Town 1966] Mr. Sonneborn, 36, former Director of Pub­ EVINS AsKS SMALL-TOWN UNIT IN NEW lic Affairs for the National Farmers' Union, America Office in Department of Hous­ HOUSING DEPARTMENT is a native of Washington, D.C., a graduate ing and Urban Development of the University of Florida and a former (By Jim Squires) newspaper reporter and naval officer. He WASHINGTON.-Rep. JoeL. Evins asked yes­ joined HUD in June, 1966 as Chief of the terday for establishment of a special division Metropolitan Development press desk. He HON. JOE L. EVINS m.thin the new Departmen•t of Housing and lives with his wife and three children in OF TENNESSEE Urban Development to concentrate on the Silver Spring, Md. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES problems of "small and medium-sized towns." Mr. DeLucia, 36, has been a senior systems "It is my feeling :tb..at small towns are the analyst with a local consulting firm, a budg­ Monday, January 22, 1968 backbone of America and th·e Democratic et and program analyst for the U.S. Depart­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, concept," Evins said. "A strengthened small­ ment of Commerce, and an administrative I want to commend and congratulate town America will help solve some of the cur­ officer for former Governors David Lawrence r.ent, pressing problems of urban areas.... " and William Scranton of Pennsylvania. A Secretary Robert Weaver and the De­ The 4th District congressman made there­ native of Braford, Pa., he is married and partment of Housing and Urban Devel­ quest in a letter to Robert Weaver, newly ap­ lives in Vienna, Va. opment for the establishment of a Small pointed head of the department. Town America Office in the Department Evins said municipal organizations of Housing and Urban Development. throughout the nation "including the Ten­ This step will mean much to the growth nessee Municipal Leagu.e" are placing in­ creasedemphasis on the development of small Marine Scorns Viet Critics and progress of our smaller communities towns. which have been handicapped in apply­ "It is the feeling of these municipal oftl­ ing for Federal grants and assistance be­ c1als---and I share their viewpoint," Evins HON. BOB WILSON cause of their limited resources and staff. said, "that there should be established in OF CALIFORNIA is The creation of this offi·ce designed your department a special small-town Amer­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to bridge this information and assistance ica Division to concentrate on the problems gap. of the medium and smaller towns." Monday, January 22, 1968 As chairman of the Subcommittee on Evins said development of the smaller municipalities would solve the population, Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, under Independent Offices and Housing and Ur­ transportation and housing problems which leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ ban Development Appropriations, I had now face large cities because i·t would "broad- ORD, I include the following: urged the creation of such a department, en their base of growth." , MARINE SCORNS VIET CRITICS pointing out that smaller cities and com­ The letter emphasized that "laws providing (EDITOR's NOTE.-The following letter was munities need expert assistance in avail­ for various programs of munict.pal aid do not written to the editor of the San Diego Union ing themselves of Federal programs. llmit the benefits to large municipalities." by a man who immigrated to the United Because of the great interest of my Evins wrote a letter to President Johnson States from Germany 16 years ago. He en­ colleagues and the American people in last year urging a national, concentra,ted ef­ listed in the Marine Corps in January, 1952, this most important subject, under unan­ fort to strengthen "small-town America." and has lived in San Diego County on and off That letter contended that citiee have out­ for 12 years. He has asked that his name be imous consent, I include my letter to Sec­ grown their governments and their original retary Weaver on January 19, 1966, re­ withheld, preferring to be known as "a proud concepts. Marine." The editor honors this request.) questing creation of this Office, an article HUD SETS UP NEW SMALL COMMUNITIES DEAR EDITOR: I really don't know how to which appeared in the Nashville Ten­ OFFICE start this letter. There are thousands of peo­ nessean on January 20, 1967, and Sec­ Underscoring his concern for the needs of ple who read your paper and especially your retary Weaver's press release announcing the Nation's small communities, Secretary column page, so I hope you'll print this so this action, in the RECORD: Robert C. Weaver of the U.S. Department of Americans of all colors, creeds and national­ JANUARY 19, 1966. Housing and Urban Development today an­ ities may read (it). Hon. ROBERT WEAVER, nounced the appointment of Charles B. Son­ "I am a confused, disgusted and bewildered Secretary, Department of Housing and Ur­ neborn, as Special Assistant to Charles M. American of !:;orts. I came to America about ban Development, Washington, D.C. Haar, Assistant Secretary for Metropolitan 16 years ago from Germany. At first I was DEAR MR. SECRETARY: As you assume your Development. His responsib111ty will be to stunned by America's vastness and pros­ duties as Secretary of the Department of familiarize the small towns with the HUD perity. Then I became thoroughly shocked Housing and Urban Development, I am re­ programs operated under Mr. Haar. when I witnessed Americans degrading other minded of the emphasis being placed on These activities include, among others, Americans through use of picket lines, !:;it­ the development of small-town America by water and sewer facilities, public works plan­ ins and protest marches, particularly con­ various municipal organizations throughout ning, public facility loans, planning assist­ cerning Vietnam. the country, including the Tennessee Mu­ ance, mass transportation and open space "IN VIETNAM TO FIGHT FOR FREEDOM nicipal League. land. "I am here in Vietnam to fight for the free­ It is the feeling of these municipal oftl­ Mr. Sonneborn's appoinment is another dom of other human beings. This way I can cials-and I share their viewpoint-that step in HUD's continuing effort to strengthen get first-hand knowledge of the situation. there should be established in your Depart­ its working relations with state and local Now after being in Vietnam I sincerely be­ ment a special Small-Town America Division governments in the context of Creative Fed­ lieve that we (the U.S. Forces) are needed to concentrate on the problems of the me­ eralism. Specifically, it complements the ac­ here. dium and smaller towns. tivities of the Oftlce of Governmental Rela­ "The pickets and protesters in America, In this connection, I wrote President John­ tions under H. Ralph Taylor, Assistant Sec­ particularly those like Stokely Carmichael, son a letter last July, in which I urged a na­ retary for Demonstrations and Intergovern­ are prote!:;ting in ignorance and in fear, in­ tional, concentrated effort to strength~n mental Relations. This unit, under Francis stead of in patriotism. 568 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 "Do they think that any of the men over to impose Russian control over the rich wealth-and many other factors--combined here want to die?? Do they think we enjoy natural resources of the Ukraine. Russia to put Britain in the position where it had living llke animals?? has claimed that the Ukraine forms a to accept the inevitable-it could no longer "Here's news for them: Yes, we all are afford to be a major world power. afraid of death in one way or another, and part of Russia-culturally, historically, The spending cutbacks go across the board no, we don't enjoy living llke animals. But and traditionally. and will affect the United States as well as 1f this is the price of liberty, then we are Although the Ukrainians were sub­ the British. For example, a $1 billion order willing to pay for it. jugated by czarist Russia, by the force for the latest U.S. jet fighters will be can­ "Some Americans say, 'Well, what are we of arms, and through terrorism, the celed. Domestically, British citizens will have doing over there? We owe them nothing. The sense of identity and hope for independ­ to pay for medicine they have been getting Vietnamese don't want us over there.' ence has never faded. for no charge, there will be no more free "They're wrong! We are in debt to Viet­ milk for schoolchildren and major cutbacks nam. Most young Americans seem to forget This desire gained in momentum in the in public housing and road building are that America was once a ~mall country fight­ late 1800's, and the combined events of planned. ing for its independence. These people (the World War I and the Russian revolu­ The British have never shirked bad news. Vietnamese) are fighting for their freedom, tion provided the Ukrainian people with While this particular cup of tea must be too! their opportunity. bitter brew indeed, it is made the more "THEIR ENEMY MORE RUTHLESS Independence was declared in 1918, palatable by the knowledge that as a nation "Only their enemy is much more ruthless and the Russians, preoccupied then with and a people Britain retains the respect and than the Americans' was. And concerning internal power struggles, were unable to admiration of the world for its courage and the (Vietnamese) people not wanting Amer­ meet the challenge. The new government accomplishments. icans over here, they're wrong again. Most Nor will Britain lose its fast friends and young Americans have never seen the look on was even officially recognized by the allles. Britain and America are bound by the faces of the old people and the young Bolsheviks. close ties. British and American blood has children after we have liberated their village. Once Communist control of Russia was been mingled in mutual sacrifice on scores Most young Americans have never seen the insured, however, Soviet leaders termi­ of battlefields around the world. little children standing by the trail-side, nated, with military might, the brief Britain will always be Britain. It wlll re­ hands outstretched, big brown eyes, under­ glory of Ukrainian independence. tain and enlarge its glory. As Winston nourished and semi-nude bodies. The chil­ Churchill said, "We have not journeyed all drens' eyes projecting help me. In any lan­ As our mighty Nation moves toward this way across the centuries, across the guage the look is st111 the same and univer­ the 200th anniversary of its own inde­ oceans, across the mountains, across the sally understood. They are human beings in pendence, let us remember that the prairies, because we are made of sugar d~perate need of assistance. Ukrainians and many other people of the candy." "And then why all the fighting (in the world do not yet enjoy the benefits of No, indeed. United States) between the Negroes and independence and freedom from external whites? I thought the Declaration of Inde­ control. Let us continue to set an example pendence stated that all men are created to the entire world as proof that there equal. Doesn't it apply today? Senator Birch Bayh: Public Works "Here in Vietnam I have seen (men of) all is hope for self-determination for all colors, race and creeds and religions die peoples. Champion fighting. And believe me they all bleed red And let us offer our heartfelt moral blood I Don't people believe that the color encouragement to the Ukrainian people, of a man's skin doesn't determine the color whose indomitable spirit has merited our HON. RAY J. MADDEN or size of his heart? God Help Us. deepest admiration. OF INDIANA "W111 Americans continue to progre'Ss at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this rate? Or will it heed the warnings that are so clearly evident--and continue to be Monday, January 22, 1968 'The Land of the Free and the Home of the Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, Indiana Brave?' Sun Sets on British Empire "F'ROM A PROUD MARINE." and the Nation can be proud of the work and effort Senator BAYH has made for the Nation's prosperity, employment, and HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI progress in his constant fight for vitally The 50th Anniversary of Ukrainian OF ILLINOIS necessary public works. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The following is a news comment re­ Independence cently published on his continued activ­ Monday, January 22, 1968 ity on public works and conservation Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the programs: HON. WILLIAM D. FORD devaluation of the British pound cou­ BAYH VERSUS FREEzE ON PUBLIC WORKS OF MICHIGAN pled with other moves taken by the Brit­ FuNDS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ish Government to protect their cur­ Briefly, the situation is this. As a member rency have naturally produced a great of the Senate Public Works Committee, I Monday, January 22, 1968 worked along with my colleagues to develop deal of commentary, some of it exag­ what we believe is a reasonable and vitally Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, gerated and oversensational. One of the necessary public works program. Our recom­ today marks the 50th anniversary of the most objective realistic editorial com­ mendations were, we believed, modest, for we proclamation of independence by the mentary I have seen appeared in the were well aware of over-extended federal Ukrainian National Republic, and the January 18 Chicago Sun-Times, which spending in the past few years. 49th anniversary of the Act of Union, I feel expresses sober judgment. The Our program was approved by the public editorial follows: works committees and the appropriations whereby all Ukrainian ethnic lands were committees of both houses of Congress. But united, if only briefly, into one independ­ SuN SETS ON BRITISH EMPIRE then the President decided to put a freeze on ent and sovereign state of the Ukrainian The British Lion wearily sheathed its the money. His order permitted work to con­ nation. claws this week. Prime Minister Harold Wil­ tinue on any contracts already obligated, but Instead of being a joyous national hol­ son told the House of Commons that essen­ it stipulated that no new contracts should iday, however, this anniversary serves tial fiscal retrenchment would, by 1971, re­ be entered into by the Army Corps of En­ only to remind Ukrainians that their quire that British military forces be with­ gineers. cherished goal of independence still lies drawn from all bases outside of Europe and As a r.esult, unless the freeze is lifted in the Mediterranean, except for a token garri­ the next few weeks, several of our projects in in the future. son at Hong Kong and a few outposts. The Indiana. could fall well behind schedule. The Ukrainian people living under a proud British Navy will give up its aircraft It is important to undexstand, as I pointed Communist government, and their more carriers and nuclear submarines. out in my letter to the President, that proj­ fortunate compatriots who have found The harsh facts of economics are respon­ ects such as dams, reservoirs and locks are, in refuge in the United States and other sible for the demise of Britain as a world the long run, investments. For every dollar nations, still dream of an independent, power. A growing and dangerous deficit in spent for such projects, the retU!rn is often free Ukraine. Britain's balance of p ayments, the refusal two dollars or more-not including the sav­ of British management and labor to meet ings from destruction of property, not to Russian leaders for centuries have the challenges of world trade with capital mention occasional loss of life. sought to undermine the national con­ investment and increased productivity, the The Congress has issued a mandate to the sciousness of the Ukrainian people, and failure of economic ties with the Common- Administration to spend the funds appro- January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 569 priated for Indiana's water resource develop­ in a dangerous way a delicate process of in­ cently presented its Distinguished Serv­ ment projects----an amount exceeding $44- ternational accommodation. This process has ice Award-its highest honor-to Mr. mill1on. featured a gradual and mutual winding Frank E. Pinder, director of the U.S. for­ These are funds for planning and con­ down of the high postures taken up by both struction of the Big Pine Reservoir, the sides at the height of the cold war. eign aid mission to Ghana and a former Brookv1lle Reservoir, the Cannelton Locks But the Vietnamese· war and notably the resident of Florida. and Dam, the CUfty Creek Reservoir, the bombing of a fellow Socialist country, has The AID award was made to Pinder "in Huntington Reservoir, Island Levee, La­ brought the Soviet leadership under the recognition of his many years of unselfish fayette Reservoir, Levee No. 5 on the Wa­ strongest pressure to take a harsh stand service and sacrifice to the people of west bash River, the Michigan City Harbor, the against the United States. In response, the Africa and for his unusual dedication and Newburgh Locks and Dam, the PB!toka Soviet Union has steadily stepped up assist­ devotion to the service of his country." Reservoir, and the Uniontown Locks and ance to North Vietnam and moved forward I am proud to note that Mr. Pinder Dam. in penetration of the Near East. In addition, I have appealed personally to At the same time, Moscow is obviously dis­ served as secretary of the Florida Agri­ the Army Corps of Engineers to issue a engaging from Washington. The Russians culture Extension Service during 1929-33 favorable report on the canalization of the have refused to act as conduit for sounding and was later appointed county agent for Wabash River, a project which would reap North Vietnam on the meaning of recent the service at Gainesville where he enormous economic bene,fits to Indiana. statements about negotiations. They have worked until 1941. For years, Indiana has lagged behind other avoided efforts to bring them into talks on A graduate of Florida A. & M. College states in public works project&-due, I Blm Laos and Cambodia. in 1933, he was named to that institu­ sorry to say, to short-sighted leadership. The nonproliferation treaty that the Rus­ in 1962 For example, in 1960, Indiana received an sians want as a stopper on the Germans is tion's hall of fame and presented authorization of only $6 million for dams, about the only important business now out­ with its Outstanding Citizen Award the reservoirs, locks and river development standing between the Big Two. Ambassador following year. projects. In 1962, we received not one red Anatoly F. Dobrynin, an important agent of In recommending Mr. Pinder for the .cent. rapport who went home on consultation last award, U.S. Ambassador to Ghana But when I sought election to the United week, will probably not be back. Franklin Williams said: States Senate in 1962, I promised the people But even as the Soviet stand is hardening Few Americans are held in higher personal of Indiana there would be a new day in this country's ames continue to unwind or professional regard by West Africans of all seeking and acquiring funds needed to pre­ apace. Britain's decision to shut up shop nationalities at every level, in and out of serve our land from erosion and protect our East o! Suez is only the latest s,tep. Another government. Both he and his wife, Mrs. Jean people from the tragedy of floods. reduction of troops in Germany is plainly in Pinder, have been unusually efficient ambas­ In 1965, I had a chance to keep that prom­ the works. sadors for America to millions of Africans and ise. Indiana received an authorization of At one time, this country could have used others residing in this part of the world. $98 milUon for such projects. I do not in­ its influence and reputation to coordinate tend to allow false economy to delay the the retrenchment. But the Vietnamese war I, alotn.g with my fellow Flor:idians, am dream of water development and conserva­ and its financial drain has dulled both the most proud of Mr. Pinder and commend tion that so many Hoosiers have labored so reputation and the influence the United the Agency for recognizing his talents long to achieve. States can bring to bear across the Atlantic. with this honor. It 1s typical that Prime Minister Harold Wilson, normally so eager to get together with Preside-nt Johnson, has this time put off a scheduled meeting. Costs of the War in Vietnam At home, the awful consequence of the war Ukrainian Independence that cannot be hidden is a cruel division ot opinion. A very large portion of the most in­ HON. DON EDWARDS tell1gent and sensitive young people who are HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO OF CALIFORNIA being called on to fight regard the conflict as OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an unmitigated horror expressing what they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES like to call a sick society. They are showing Monday, January 22, 1968 their feelings in a kind of protest demonstra­ Monday, January 22, 1968 tion that projects dramatically the revulsion Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. they feel. Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, I am Speaker, a most penetrating and hard­ Dissent has inevitably generated antidis­ proud to join my colleagues in saluting hitting analysis of the costs of the ad­ sent. There has been set in motion a wave of the courageous people of Ukraine, whose venture in Vietnam is that which ap­ folk malevolence bringing to the surface 50th anniversary of independence oc­ pears in the Washington Post recently some of the least lovely of the national curs today. by columnist Joseph Kraft. Mr. Kraft traits--the taste for violence; bitter feel­ The State of Illinois is particularly pulls no punches in outlining the incal­ ings of racial antagonism; and know-nothing fortunate to have among her citizens a culable price at home and abroad of our ho.st111ty toward intellectuals and Wllversi­ sizable number of Ukrainian Americans ties. involvement in Southeast Asia-next to In response to that feeling the President is who have contributed so much to the ad­ which we all ought to carefully weigh now emphasizing, in not unmenacing tones, vancement of our Democratic ideals and and measure whatever supposed gain we the issue of crime in the streets. For the our American way of life. might seek. I urge my colleagues' atten­ same reason, he has had to cut bac'k on pro­ I am proud to say that the offices of the tion to this essay, which follows: grams for education and welfare. Even the League of Americans of Ukrainian De­ emphasis on consumer issues smacks of scent, Inc., 841 North Western Avenue, VIET "SHELL GAME" BREAKS UP; STAGGERING Naderism-an appeal to exaggerated suspi­ RESULTS REVEALED Chicago, an outstanding civic and wel­ cion of inqustry. (By Joseph Kraft) These devices can avail little. The root of fare organization, are located in my own The state of the Union, which is not to be the trouble is something for which the Presi­ Seventh Congressional District of Tili­ confused with the President's message of the dent has no remedy-the Vietnamese war. nois, which encompasses the Loop area same name, is marked at this time by the end And the best hope during the coming year is of Chicago. of a tour de force. The Vietnam shell game is that the war Will not get worse-that the There are many other prominent breaking up, and a tired Administration, at trouble can be held in present bounds. Ukrainian groups and organizations lo­ the fag end of its days, has nothing good to cated in my congressional district which put in its place. For years now a heroic display of pasting are making a significant contribution to and stitching of dazzling footwork and over­ the civic, social, educational, and cul­ head shots, of palming off here and building Frank E. Pinder Received AID's Highest tural life of our community. These in­ mirages there, has worked to obscure the Award clude the Ukrainian-American Civic burden of Vietnam. But now, abroad and in Center, Inc., 845 North Western Avenue; this country, the true costs are coming home. the Ukrainian American Club, 2234 West They turn out to be staggering. As the HON. DANTE B. FASCELL Chicago Avenue; the Ukrainian Ameri­ British defense expert, Alastair Buchan, a can Publishing & Printing Co., Inc., 2315 consistent friend of this country and of lts OF FLORIDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES West Chicago Avenue; the Ukrainian broad postwar strategy, writes in the current American Soeial Club of UNA, 2435 West issue of Encounter magazine: "The Vietnam Monday, January 22, 1968 war is the greatest tragedy that has befallen Chicago Avenue; the Ukrainian Congress the United States since the Civil War." Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, the Agen­ Committee of America, 841 North West­ Abroad, the war has worked to dislocate cy for International Development has re- ern Avenue; the Ukrainian Life, Inc., 570 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 2532 West Chicago Avenue; the Ukrai­ Don't dare approach a ruthless mugger, ment-or so-called law enforcement-they n1an National Association-Lions, 2353 rapist or killer with anything more equal to wm attempt to overrun it, as they have done · the need than kid gloves. in too many instances. West Chicago Avenue; the Ukrainian · Treat the victims with contempt but Crime triumphs only where permitted to National Museum, 2453 West Chicago apologize to the criminals for putting them triumph. It has been permitted to triumph Avenue; the Ukrainian Youth Associa­ ·to the slightest inconvenience. too often and too widely in the United States. tion of America-Odum, 2516 West Divi­ Things must be done differently now. This Echoing incessantly all over the nation is sion Street; and the Ukrainian Youth 1s not the America of old, remember. It is the need for more policemen and more or Camping Organization, Inc., 2147 West the new America-the America which the better pollee equipment. This need 1s unmis­ Chicago Avenue. idiots are doing their best to make over in takable, and we have emphasized it long and It is entirely :fitting that we observe their own image and succeeding to an un­ loudly in the local case of Mobile. fortunate degree. There is no shortage of But inadequate pollee machinery can be the 50th anniversary of that eventful day idiots. They are on the loose in all walks and used as excuses for inaction or too little in 1918 when the brave Ukrainians de­ stations of llfe. action against crime. We do not doubt that clared their independence from their op­ Most of the nation's worst troubles got this happens constantly in many jurisdic­ pressors. In the face of overwhelming their start from the idiot breed. Except for tions. military opposition by the Red army, the this breed, violent crime would not be what Chief Headley undoubtedly would like to noble Ukrainians fought for their coun­ it is, nor would disrespect for vital institu­ see a strengthened pollee department for try and their culture. Through their un­ tions such as law and order and sound prin­ Miami. But he challenged crime with what ciples. Communism would not have escaped he had and the results stand out as a great tiring and relentless efforts and their the crackdown vital to its extinction as a credit to him. devotion to the sacred cause of liberty, menace on American soil. Miami's chief of pollee did not take a vaca­ the Ukrainian independence endured for Except for the idiot breed, America would tion from duty and responsibillty to plead more than 3 years. not be writhing in the tolls of welfare stat­ for a stronger pollee department while crimi­ It is with a feeling of real kinship in ism. The nl!-~on was set on the course of nals ran wild, and he did not let the phi­ my heart and genuine admiration for the welfare s·tat1sm by the idiot breed. The phi­ losophy of idiocy in law enforcement inter­ dauntless spirit of the Ukrainians that losophy of this same breed, utterly indifferent fere with him. I join in this commemorative ceremony, to the value Of a dollar and wantonly irre­ If this nation 1s to prosper and feel secure sponsible in spending the dolla.r, engineered to the extent that it should and can, it must for it was not so many years ago, in 1776, the nation into the most woeful orgy of ex­ rid itself of the influence of the philosophy of that we Americans claimed for ourselves travagance man has ever known. Billions of idiocy in every aspect and phase of govern­ the right to determine our own destiny. tax dollars down the drain each year. ment at all levels. We were truly fortunate, for we won The idiot breed dislikes to be called by its The philosophy of idiocy is a philosophy of our struggle for independence and today true name, but too much reluctance to call calamity for those who are forced and kept we enjoy the fruits of liberty and self­ it by its true name has played squarely into beneath its heel. determination. its hands, mald.ng it bolder and more per­ But we have never forgotten the sacri­ sistent in the pursuit of its baneful goals. fices we made to achieve our national But now and then the phtlosophy of idiocy is slapped down hard, bolstering hope that Mistaken Vietnam Analyses Accepted as purpose, and today our hearts go out to one day, before f.t is too late, the predatory the gallant Ukrainians who seek to incursions of that philosophy will be halted Fact achieve the self-same goal which we with enduring 'sureness. claimed as our inherent right almost two Our nominee at the moment for nationwide centuries ago. applause for slapping down the philosophy of HON. RICHARD BOLLING It is with great pride today that I join idiocy 1s Miami's Chief of Pollee Walter OF MISSOURI my colleagues in the Congress in con­ Headley. Hoodlumism had become an intolerable IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gratulating the Ukrainians on their pestilence in parts of Miami. Gangs of thugs Monday, January 22, 1968 steadfast efforts to regain their freedom invad·ed the streets, running riot in acts of and in restating America's historic com­ violence and spreading tel'r01'. Lawabiding cit­ Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, Howard mitment to the principle of self-deter­ izens were unsafe. Constant danger took over K. Smith in the January 13 issue of the mination and to the profound hope for where security once prevailed. Washington, D.C., Sunday Star, has the eventual peaceful liberation of the Chief Headley saw more than enough to again successfully undertaken to sepa­ Ukrainian people. convince him that the time had come in rate fact from :fiction in respect to Presi­ Miami for a showdown between law enforce­ dent Johnson's position on Vietnam and ment and lawlessness. At year-end he de­ the antipoverty effort. I found the clared a get-tough policy against crime. The tone in which he spoke and the methods he column a useful antidote to misrepresen­ Police Chief Rejects Philosophy of ordered into practice when necessary to deal tation in these vital areas that are cur­ Idiocy effectively with crlmlnals preying on society rently circulating. filled the terrorists with terror. The column follows: Within three weeks the exodus of hoodlums MISTAKEN VIETNAM ANALYSES ACCEPTED AS HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES from the streets had brought a decrease of FACT 60 to 65 per cent in crimes of violence. Their (By Howard K. Smith) 011' FLORIDA flight left it plain that the thug gangs that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES had been merciless in their outrages against When a leader has fallen heir to a mission as vital as President Johnson's-which is Monday, January 22. 1968 their victims were not willing to face a get­ tough pollcy in law enforcement. Anything nothing less than fighting to win time for Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, the Mobile even remotely akin to their own medicine was Asia, as ChurchUI had to do for the Western Register, whose able editorial policy is a too severe for them. They vamoosed in fright world in 1941-and when, with the bull1est when challenged by the authoTity of law. pulpit in the world at his disposal, he has distinct credit to the newspaper frater­ not convinced the nation, then something is nity, has recently commented in detail Chief Headley has not determined whether wrong. But I have a quarrel with most of on the work of Miami's chief of police, the distraught criminals have been leaving the commentators, and it is that in trying Walter Headley, in curbing crime in that town or have "just gone underground." But to find what 1s wrong, they have led us down he knows they have been leaving their ac­ irrelevant paths to wrong conclusions that great and growing city. Chief Headley's customed haunts in Miami, to ' the relief of effective policy of law enforcement is in­ have now congealed beyond remedy. la.wa.biding citizens. Time magazine's Man-of-the-Year report deed commendable and I am delighted to The swif.t change which has tak.en pLace in on Mr. Johnson indicates that the practice see the support given his actions by a Miami is proof that law enforcement can be of finding the wrong answers is likely to great newspaper such as the Mobile made to mean something when administered persist. Register. with the allegiance to duty and fulfillment Time describes two basic fiaws in the Presi­ of responsLbillty shown by the Miami chief dent's behavior. First, it quotes approvingly I submit the article for reprinting in of pollee. the RECORD: a scholar as saying that he "has made the Law enforcement is capable of triumphing huge mistake of implying, by way or rhetoric, POLICE CHIEF REJECTS PHILOSOPHY OF IDIOCY over lawlessness anywhere in the United that this (i.e. solving big problems like the When firmness of pollcy is proposed or States 1f administered with the courage, res­ ghettoes) could be done quickly and easUy." used in law enforcement to curb crime, the olution and firmness necessary to its tri­ Then Time states the second fiaw: "This sparrow-brained and muddle-headed rush to umph. has been particularly true in the case of Viet­ the side of the lawless with horrified cries o:f When crtminal.s find examples of weak­ nam. In the past his forecasts were hyper­ brutality and infringement upon rights. kneed, apologetic and wavering law enforce- bolic." January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 571 In fact, in four years of pretty thorough us can and do subscribe to this philo­ with International Extension and I suggest records I can :find no evidence for either as­ sophy, and I am sure that all of us are that there is much yet to be done. sertion. But the evidence for the opposite is grateful for the work of Kiwanis. Throughout the past fifty-three years, overwhelming. Kiwanis has made many contributions to In Mr. Johnson's :first State of the Union Throughout most of these 53 years of communities and their people. We have address, he said, for example that the war building, Kiwanis has continued the same emphasized freedom, Uberty, leadership, re­ on poverty "will not be a short or easy strug­ objects, since their adoption many years sponsib111ty, duty, action, and a host of other gle; no single weapon or strategy will suf­ ago. They are- wonderful themes, which, to my way of fice." In his :first War on Poverty message he First, to give primacy to the human thinking, are all coming into blossom in said, "We are fully aware this program wUl and spiritual, rather than to the material Circle K and Key Club. not eliminate all poverty . . . poverty is values of life; You must sense with me the tremendous deeply rooted and its causes are many." to accomplishment in having 100,000 young In his original Great Society speech in Second, encourage in the daily living men in our sponsorship. Your dedication to Michigan and in his 1965 message on city of the Golden Rule in all human rela­ the objects and objectives of Kiwanis is re­ problems, he elaborated on the theme that tionships; flected in the leadership that has been de­ "we do not have all the answers. We are still Third, to promote the adoption and the veloped in these young men. Your invest­ groping." I have at my elbow another round application of higher social, business, and ment of man-hours and funds in these dozen of such statements. But I can :find no professional standards; sponsored youth is an investment in the clear evidence that he ever said or implied Fourth, to develop, by precept and ex­ security of the future. If every dollar we that the job could be quick or easy. ample, a more intelligent, aggressive, and spend in International and district dues Regarding Vietnam, he said in his Freedom were to be spent on Key Club and Circle K, House speech of 1966, "some ask how long serviceable citizenship; it would not be too much of an investment we must bear this burden. To that I give no Fifth, to provide, through Kiwanis for what we are producing. Our goal in the answer . . . it may well be long." In a press Clubs, a practical means to form endur­ coming year must be nothing less than one conference he said, "now we w111 have a long ing friendships, to render altruistic serv­ Key Club or Circle K member to match and hard road. I don't want to try to repeat ice, and to build better communities; and every Kiwanis member. Mr. Churchill's phrase of 'blood, sweat and Sixth, to cooperate in creating and It is refreshing to know that out of the tears,' but it is not going to be easy and it 1s maintaining that sound public opinion tumult and unrest exhibited in so many not going to be short." In his last State of and high idealism which make possible places, there is a serious call for a strength­ the Union address he did in fact paraphrase the increase of righteousness, justice, ening of family life. One of your recom­ Churchill, offering only "more cost, more mended projects for the new year is to de­ agony." This theme is constant and repeti­ patriotism, and good will. velop within your community a special tious-and I can :find no exceptions to it. Each year the objectives, as distin­ emphasis on the importance of the family This 1s not meant to single out Time for guished from the objects, change to give unit. You may want to observe a special an attack. The practice of repeating mistaken specific emphasis to areas in which Ki­ week, but above all every one of you should analyses until they are accepted as fact seems wanians throughout the world are en­ make your family an example that will serve to be endemic. Thus my favorite TV com­ couraged to make a special extra effort to motivate others toward self-discipline, mentator recently said that back in 1965 we during that year, while continuing community pride, and higher standards of got embroiled in Vietnam because "acting all decency and respectab111ty. was easier than thinking." The facts show Kiwanis programs in areas. For 1968 Kiwanis has no national project or proj­ that if Mr. Johnson made a mistake in 1965 the objectives are to- ects. All our activity is focused at the local it was the opposite one: he thought, con­ First, building spiritual and moral val­ level. It is our belief that if every family ferred and discussed almost too long before ues by personal example; and every community accepts seriously the :finally acting. Yet, to this day the notion Second, safeguard our heritage of free­ responsib111ty of citizenship, our nations persists that he stumbled into Vietnam with­ dom; will be the kind of places we want them to out much thought. Third, demand respect for law and be. Improve the man and you improve all The whole complex new science of Peace­ order; else. May I suggest that you use many of the feeler-ology was founded on a reporter's gar­ projects and programs presented by our In­ bled account of the talk Ho Chi Minh had Fourth. conserve our human and nat­ ternational committees? You may need to with two Italians in 1965. Though the State ural resources; adapt them to your local needs, but you w111 Department later published all the docu­ Fifth, communicate and work with find them tremendously worthwhile and ments to make it clear Ho offered nothing, Key Club, Circle K, and other youth of useful. the false view that Ho sought peace and we our nations; and This year during Kiwanis Birthday Week, rebuffed him is now a settled "fact" which Sixth, advance international friendship we wtll honor the Kiwanis International whole, erroneous, books have been written to through person-to-person contacts. Foundation, Incorporated. The Foundation prove. Mr. Speaker, I am equally certain that wm undertake several projects that focus It 1s also a settled part of public knowledge none of us would find it hard to actively on freedom and young people. A Freedoms that the President suffers from a "failure to Foundation Seminar at Valley Forge wm be communicate." And there 1s something to support these objectives, as they· are proposed for Key Club men. Other projects that. But there is more substance to the con­ worthy of the fullest effort. directed toward young people will be an­ tention that it is the commentators who have As a Kiwanian of several years stand­ nounced by Foundation President 0. E. failed to communicate the complex elements ing, I want to include at this point the Peterson early in January. Every Kiwanian of one of the most meaningful periods in 53d anniversary message of the presi­ will be given an opportunity to make a vol­ American history. As a group we have be­ dent of Kiwanis International. James M. untary Birthday contribution to the Foun­ come mass victims to the old adage that it is dation during Kiwanis Birthday Week. easier and more fun to ask Whodunit than Moler of Charles Town. W. Va .• a per­ sonal friend of the distinguished chair­ There is a new spirit, a new enthusiasm the more rational, if far more difficult, ques­ in Kiwanis for 1968. Two influences have tion-What did it? man of the Committee on Interstate and brought Kiwanians to a new dedication­ Foreign Commerce, Mr. HARLEY STAG­ namely, civil disobedience in the states and GERS: the addition of other free peoples to the TO KIWANIANS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD: Kiwanis family. It would not surprise me The S3d Anniversary of Kiwanis GREETINGS ON OUR 53D ANNIVERSARY if projects in the area of international rela­ As I write this message I am sitting in the tions do not double in number and intensity International Davao Insular Hotel at the southernmost tip during the coming year. A new emphasis of the Ph111ppines, where within two hours I on man-to-man understanding 1s develop­ will charter the Kiwanis Club of Davao City, ing among the business and professional HON. JAMES F. BATTIN the sixth club in the Ph111ppines and a club men that make up Kiwanis from Asia to Eu­ OF MONTANA of fifty extremely enthusiastic young men. rope. Private enterprise, individual initia­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The average age is 34 years. tive, and rule by law are themes being dis­ cussed in many, many clubs. Monday, January 22, 1968 While in the Ph111ppines I have been asked two questions again and again: Why was Lack of respect for law and order has Mr. BATTIN. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, Kiwanis so long getting to the Ph111ppines, caused Kiwanis great unrest, as seemingly January 21, Kiwanis International cele­ and how can Philippine Kiwanis help to im­ undisciplined people destroy property and brates its 53d anniversary of service to prove international relations? I can report cause bloodshed in d·emonstrations widely in very positive terms that the mission of publicized throughout the world. All of us this Nation and to the world. I am proud Kiwanis is extremely attractive to people all should accelerate our civic participation in to be an active member of the Kiwanis over the world. Our fac111ties for managing ways that will demonstrate complete faith Club of Billings, Mont., and to be identi­ the expansion of Kiwanis fall far short a! the in a representative government. fied with this organization which has as demands and the desires of anxious people. Never has Kiwanis faced greater chal­ its motto for this year-"Be a Builder, As we mark the beginning of a new Kiwanis lenges--especially those that can for the use Get Personally Involved." Certainly all of year, I compliment you upon your success of competencies of dedicated men working 572 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 together. No longer can a club's community Belcher, Page, Enid, Oklahoma.1 Van Deerlin, Lionel, Chula Vista, San service be measured by one active commit­ Hiester, Edward G., Jr., Doylestown, Fur­ Diego, CaUfornia.2 tee on Boys and Girls Work or Public and long, Pennsylvania.1 Whitener, Basil L., Gastonia, North Caro­ Business Affairs. The s,trength of our activ­ Broomfield, William S., Royal Oak, Mich1- Una.1 ities in 1968 will be directly related to the gan.2 Wylie, Chalmers P., Columbus, Worthing­ strength of individual cooperation and in­ Brown, George E., Jr., Lincoln Heights, Los ton, Ohio.1 dividual participation. Angeles, Monterey Park, Calif.l Thus our theme: Be a Builder-Get Pe;r­ Burke, J. Herbert, Hollywood Beach, sonally Involved. Hollywood, Florida.1 My personal good wishes to every Kiwan­ Clawson, ,Del, Compton, California.1 Yale Psychiatrist: It's on the War in ian and his club for fulfilling every under­ Conte, Silvio 0., Pittsfield, Massachusetts.2 Vietnam taking during 1968. Corbett, Robert J., Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- JAMES M. MOLER, vania.1 President, Kiwanis International. Cramer, William C., Boca Ciega, St. Peters­ burg, Florida.2 HON. HENRYS. REUSS Mr. Speaker, Ktwa.n'is IniOOrn.ati.onJa1 Curtis, Thomas B., Webster Groves, Mis­ OF WISCONSIN has grown from its beginning 53 years souri.2 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ago in Detroit, Mich., to an organization Davis, Glenn R., Waukesha, New Berlin, of a.ctive workingmen in 26 nations. Dur­ Wisconsin.l Monday, January 22, 1968 ing 1967, clubs were organized in Pan- · Dellenback, John R., Medford, Oregon.1 Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Arthur ama, Italy, Taiwan, Nicaragua, New Zea­ Derwinski, Edward J., South Holland, Chi­ cago, Illinois.l Blank, Jr., assistant professor of psychi­ land, Australia, Colombia, and Sweden. Dole, Robert, Russell, Kansas.1 atry at Yale-New Haven Medical Center, This makes a total of 77 clubs outside Duncan, John J., Northside, Knoxv1lle, was the subject of an interview by Ned of the United States and Canada and is Ten nessee.1 Thomas, staff reporter of the New Ha­ the largest annual increase in new coun­ Edmondson, Ed, Muskogee, Oklahoma.1 ven, Conn., Register in a recent issue. tries joining the Kiwanis family of na­ Flynt, John J., Jr., Griffin, Georgia.1 The interview with Dr. Blank follows: tions since Kiwanis began its policy of Fountain, L. H., Tarboro, North Carolina.1 Ford, Gerald R., Grand Rapids-Southkent, A "significant" number of U.S. enlisted extension beyond the United States and 2 men and officers fighting in Vietnam are op­ Canada in 1961. Michigan. Galifianakis, Nick, Durham, North Caro­ posed to American involvement in the war, a While it is my privilege to speak out lina1. former Army psychiatrist who served a year to wish Kiwanis International and my Gard·ner, James C., Rocky Mount, North in Vietnam says. fellow Kiwanians a happy 53d birthday, Carolina.1 In addition, Dr. Arthur Blank Jr., now an I would not want to leave the impression Gray, Kenneth J., West Frankfort, Illinois.1 assistant professor of psychiatry at Yale­ that I am the only Kiwanian in this Halpern, Seymour, Bellerose & Queens Vil­ New Haven Medical Center, contends many lage, Forest Hills, New York.2 South Vietnamese army officers fighting Congress. There are 85-64 in the House alongside American troops are only pretend­ and 21 in the Senate. At this point I Hansen, George, Alameda, Pocatello, Idaho.1 ing to be doing their part in the war. would like to list these active and hon­ Harsha, W1lliam H., Portsmouth, Ohio.2 Dr. Blank said the military personnel he orary members of Kiwanis International Herbert, F. Edward, Mid-City, New Orleans, saw at two hospitals in Vietnam gave him now serving in the 90th Congress, along Louisiana.2 the impression that "their opposition to the with their home Kiwanis Clubs: Hicks, Floyd V., Parkland Area, Tacoma, war is extensive as it is among the popula­ The above-mentioned list follows: Washington.1 , tion of this country." Hosmer, Craig, Long Beach, California.2 He estimated that at least one-fourth to KIWANIANS IN THE 90TH CONGRESS Hungate, William L., Troy, Missouri.l one-third of the American soldiers in Viet­ SENATE . Jarman, John, pklahoma City, Oklahoma.2 nam are "very much opposed." Baker, Howard H., Jr., Oneida, Huntsville, Latta, Delbert L., Bowling Green, Ohio.t They do not believe "in the righteousness Tennessee.t Leggett, Robert L., Greater Vallejo, Cali- of our cause," and therefore feel that the war Boggs, J. Caleb, Wilmington, Delaware.t fornia.1 is unjustified, said Dr. Blank. Brewster, Daniel B., Reisterstown, Glyn­ Lipscomb, Glenard P ., Los Feliz District, Further, Dr. Blank pointed out, many U.S. don, Maryland.2 Hollywood, LOfl Angeles, Calif.l troops see the conflict "as a civil war." They Carlson, Frank, Concordia, Kansas.2 Lloyd, Sherman P., Salt Lake City, Utah.2 have been told by the South Vietnamese that Ervin, Sam J., Morgantown, North Caro­ Machen, Hervey G., Prince George's County, their lack of enthusiasm for the war lina.! Hyattsville, Maryland.l stemmed, in part, from the fact that they do Griffin, Robert P., Traverse City, Michigan McClure, James A., Payette, Idaho.1 not relish fighting against their brothers and (Past Pres.) .1 Meeds, Lloyd, Everett, Washington.1 relatives who happen to live in North Viet­ Hansen, Clifford P., Cheyenne, Wyoming.2 Miller, Clarence E., Lancaster, Ohio.2 nam. Hatfield, Mark 0., Salem, 0regon.2 Mills, Wilbur D., Searcy, Kensett, Arkan­ However, he added, the soldiers are driven Hruska, Roman L., Omaha, Nebraska.2 sas.2 by a sense of duty to do what the U.S. gov­ Javits, Jacob K., Manhattan West, New Natcher, W11liam H., Bowling Green, Ken­ ernment orders them to do and by their wish York City, New York.1 tucky.1 to avoid punishment for not doing it, re­ Lausche, Frank J., Cleveland, Ohio.2 Patten, Edward J., Perth Amboy, New Jer­ gardless of their personal beliefs and feelings McGovern, GeorgeS., Mitchell, South Da­ sey.1 about the war. kota.2 Pepper, Claude D., Coral Gables, Miami, Regarding the participation of the South Mcintyre, Thomas J., Laconia, New Hamp­ Florida.l Vietnamese, Dr. Blank, who held the rank shire.1 Price, Robert, Top O'Texas, Pampa, Texas.1 of captain during his Army service, said: Mundt, Karl E., Madison, South Dakota.2 Reinec}.{e, Ed, Los Feliz District, Hollywood, 1 "The ratio of casualties of men under arms Pastore, John 0., Providence, Rhode Tujunga, California. is greater among Americans than it is for the Island.1 Rogers, Paul G., West Palm Beach, Florida.1 South Vietnamese soldiers. Randolph, Jennings, Elkins, West Vir- Rostenkowski, Dan, Northwest Town, Chi­ "Furthermore, the number of casualties g1nia.2 cago, Illinois.1 1 among the American officers is far higher Russell, Richard B., Winder, Georgia.2 Roush, J. Edward, Huntington, Indiana. than it is among the South Vietnamese offi­ Smathers, George A., Miami, Florida.1 Roybal, Edward R., Boyle Heights, Los An­ cers, who are not exposing themselves (in Sparkman, John J., Huntsv1lle, Alabama.t geles, CalifornLa.2 battle) as much and are not participating to Talmadge, Herman E., Hampton, Lovejoy, Satterfield, David E., III, Richmond, Vir­ the same degree in the fighting, as are the Georgia.2 ginia.1 Americans." Tower, John G., University, Wichita Falls, Schneebeli, Herman T., W111iamsport, Dr. Blank said he knows of at least three Texas.1 Pennsylvania.1 occasions in which South Vietnamese officers HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sh river, Garner E., East Wichita, Kansas.1 claimed their units were engaged in heavy Adair, E. ,Ross, Fort Wayne, Ind1ana.2 Sikes, Robert L. F., Crestview, Florida.2 fighting with the Viet Cong, but when the Addabbo, Joseph P., Ozone Park, New Sisk, B .-F., North Fresno, California.1 localities were inspected by American ad­ York.1 Springer, William L., Champaign-Urbana, visors, "no evidence" of battle was discov­ Ashbrook, John M., Northwest Licking Illinois.1 ered, indicating that the reports were false. County, Johnstown, Ohio. Steiger, Sam, Mile-Hi, Prescott, Arizona.1 "These false reports," Dr. Blank explained. Bates, William H., Salem, Massachusetts.2 Stratton, Samuel S., Amsterdam, New "were turned in presumably to earn promo. Battin, James F., Billings, Montana.1. York.1 tions for certain South Vietnamese officers.•

1 Active. 1 Active. , 1 Active. 2 Honorary. 2 Honorary. 2 Honorary. January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 573 NOT COMM ITTED Pull Out of Vietnam? "No," Declares "he steadfastly refused medical aid and con­ One of the major reasons for this, he said, tinued to control his squad's fire until the is that the South Vietnamese Army officers Marietta Marine entire platoon reached covered positions, and the general population there are "not gained fire superiority and routed the enemy committed" to the war against the North forces." Vietnam, and the American soldiers know HON. CLARENCE E. MILLER "I didn't walk," Sgt. Gutberlet recalled his this. OF OHIO plight, "kept crawling around, crawled and Another reason for the South Vietnamese IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hobbled to the tree line, kept giving orders apathy toward the war, Dr. Blank noted, is to the men in front until we got into the that most of them are more dissatisfied with Monday, January 22, 1968 tree line and got fire superiority over them. the conditions under which they are forced Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, as "Four hours after it happened, I got out, to live, than they care about the form of was hauled out on a truck," he continued. "I government that is going to run their coun­ the debate on Vietnam continues to re­ sound about Capitol Hill, I would like to was in the Repose, the hospital ship in Da try. It doesn't take much for Americans to Nang in three or four days. They :Hew me observe this, he added. take this opportunity to insert in the back on May 14, Mother's Day, in a hospital Despite the disillusionment, Dr. Blank said, RECORD for the benefit of my colleagues, plane to Philadelphia Naval Hospital. They the morale of the U.S. troops in Vietnam the text of a recent article written by try to put you in the hospital nearest your seems to be good, and the psychiatric casual­ Mrs. Geraldine Muscari of the Parkers­ home. My parents, Mr. and Mrs. Glen Gut­ ties or battle exhaustion (fatigue) victims burg News, about the views and observa­ berlet, were there the day I arrived, and are, in fact, relatively low. He noted that the some friends came to see me, too." political ambiguities of the war are not manl­ tions of a brave Marine who has recently returned from the war. "His inspiring presence and calm presence fested in psychiatric problems. of mind throughout the attack," the citation What causes combat exhaustion (psy­ The article follows: paid tribute, "gained him the respect and chiatric problems), Dr. Blank explained, is PuLL OUT OF VIETNAM? "No," DECLARES admiration of all who observed him and con­ sustained combat in which a man is sub­ MABn:'I'TA MARINE tributed significantly to the accomplishment jected to attack for a long period of time. (By Geraldine Muscari) of his unlt's mission. In Vietnam, he added, combat is intermittent "Sgt. Gutberlet's exceptional professional­ and this does not occur. Tall, lean, hazel-eyed Sgt. Leroy Gutberlet, 23, Rt. 5, Marietta, just out of hospital after ism, courage and selfless devotion to duty at MEASURE OF SUPERIORITY a serious leg wound in Vietnam last May, great personal risk were in keeping with the The fact that the U.S. has complete air thinks the United States should not pull out highest traditions of the Marine Corps and superiority, he observed, also tends to main­ of Vietnam. of the United States Naval Service. tain confidence among the U.S. troops that "Too many good men gone," says Sgt. COMBAT DECORATION they enjoy a measure of protection. Gutberlet (pronounced Goodballot), who "Sgt Gutberlet is authorized to wear the He said there is "a strange but sophisti­ lost several very close friends in the war. Combat 'V,'" concludes the citation issued cated" rapport between the junior officers "We've got to fight communlsm somewhere, by Lt. Gen. V. H. Krulak, U.S. Marine Com­ and the Gis. Both agree in "doubting the and better there than in the United States. mandant, in the name of the President of value of the war." I'm not in favor of halting the bombing of the United States. This was awarded to the However, they are ready to fulfill their North Vietnam. If we can stop supplies com­ Washington county Marine 1n the Philadel­ "obligation" to the U.S. government and ing into North Vietnam, it will win the war phia hospital where be underwent extensive comply with the orders given them. He said: in six months." therapy for the Jeg wound. On convalescent "Thus, the bond between the immediate Holder of the Bronze Star for valor, with leave, he fiew into Wood County Airport on field commanders and their troops, which is accompanying Presidential citation praising June 9, hobbling on crutches but happy to most important to good morale, is thereby his inspiring leadership, calm presence of be home. preserved." mind, exceptional professionallsm, courage The young man joined the Marines Jan. 3, A New Haven resident, the Yale psychia­ and selfiess devotion to duty at great per­ 1966, and received his basic training at San trist served for six months as chief psychia­ sonal risk, the cheerful, articulate young Diego, where he won a suit of dress blues trist at the 93rd Evacuation Hospital at Bien man was wounded by enemy fire May 9, as honor man of his platoon. From El Taro Hoa and for an equal amount of time in the 1967, while returning from a combat patrol Marine Base he fiew to Da Nang, where he same capacity at the 3rd Field Hospital at near Quang Nam Province. became a squad leader with Company G, 2d Saigon. "We were on a search and destroy mission," Battalion, 1st Marines, First Marine Divi­ HYPOCRISY he recalled the day of the Viet Cong am­ sion. His outfit moved into the DMZ (Demil­ Dr. Blank asserted that President Johnson, bush. "We had killed three and headquarters itarized Zone) and was on Operation Hast­ his Administration and the Army hierarchy, had some information and called us back in, ings, in combat for 30 days of heavy fighting in particular, are practicing "hypocrisy" in and we got ambushed by 25-30 Viet Cong. without relief, without a shave, a bath or a an attempt to justify the American position There were 42 of us, and eight casualties: no change of clothing. in Vietnam. one was k1lled. I was sergeant and second "On Operation Hastings, we had quite a He said the hypocrisy lies in the American in command." bit of hand-to-hand combat," he mentioned. claim that North and South Vietnam are CITATION "That was the only time I ever used the two separate countries, and that the war is "Quickly assessing the situation," in the bayonet. I have killed my share, it isn't hard therefore "an example of North Vietnamese m111tary terminology of the Presidential cita­ after one or two of your buddies get shot. aggression." tion, "he fearlessly led his squad against I lost my closest buddy, a boy from Mans­ The first article of the new South Vietnam­ the enemy position by fire and maneuver, field, like a brother to me, killed by a sniper ese constitution, Dr. Blank asserted, claims displaying outstanding leadership and ag­ November 15. A lot of buddies were killed, that Vietnam is one country, including both gressiveness. like members of my own family to me." the North and South sectors. The last article "After the platoon's advance was tempo­ KEPT RIFLE CLEAN of the same constitution, he added, states rarily halted by the rapidly increasing enemy Asked about the controversy about the that the first article cannot be amended. fire, he moved among his men, constantly M-16, the sergeant said he was carrying one exposed to the heavy fire, in disregard of his QUESTIONS FIGURES when he was shot on May 9, "Mine was al­ own safety, and while directing effective sup­ ways kept clean, but has jammed on me. Commenting on the casualty figures re­ pressive fire, sustained a serious leg wound." ported ln the war, Dr. Blank said that those "I was shot at 5:30 p.m.," the sergeant When these weapons get broken in, they are for the American troops are probably accu­ the best in the world, lightest ever ma.cle 6.5 continued his own version. "We had come pounds, .223 calibre, with plastic stock and rate, but he questioned the accuracy of those across several acres of rice paddies to get for the Viet Cong reported in the American back to our battalion area, and saw a lot of handgrip, easy to take care of. They are a press. movement and everybody was alerted. lot faster and more powerful than the M-14, He termed them "highly speculative," for "They dug into the tree line and smashed which the Army calls AR-15." a variety of reasons. Among these are: us from two sides, an L-shaped ambush," he Definlng the "search and destroy mis­ 1. Warfare creates inevitable and utter described the surprise attack. "They had M-1 sions," the young man said, "We have a lot confusion and soldiers cannot go about calm­ carbines, U.S. Army model. They get these of these. We go in with helicopters and ly counting casualties on the opposite side. weapons if they overrun a group of ARVIN try to get all the civilians out. We have new 2. This results in the need to make edu­ soldiers, and on the black market. housing developments for them, much bet­ cated guesses on inconclusive data, such as "I got shot with an AK-47 Chi-Com (Chi­ ter than anything they ever had before. We how many of the Viet Cong casualties were nese Communist) weapon. It tore a hole in get them out of the field, then a company of carried away by their own people and how the right knee just above the joint, didn't Marines goes out in a line search for caves, many of them were able to move out of the bleed much. We tried to get fire superiority weapons, booby traps; search and burn all combat zone under their own steam. to advance to the tree line called in support the huts. Nothing is left. The Viet Cong 3. It is impossible to determine whether mortars and artlllery. What were left, they keeps filtering back, but this has a great a dead Vietnamese was a fighting man or an ran." effect on them. innocent civilian caught 1n the line of fire REFUSED MEDICAL AID "The Marines try a lot of civic affairs, if he is not wearing a soldier's uniform and "Despite his painful wound and his inabil­ people are investigated, given food and if he does not have a weapon in his hands. ity to move," in the language of the citation, clothing and supplies and care, which builds 574 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 up good relations between the American was lost before he was flown home, but he Why has Dr. King chosen Washington for fighting men and the Vietnamese. remembers with pride that "our whole bat· the campaign's kickoff? Things are so tense "The Marines are all in the farthest north, tallon got the Presidential Unit Citation for in Washington right now, we hear, that the where he finds we have Air Force, Navy jets, Operation Union I." police are travelling four men to a squad car. air strikes, and naval gunfire if close enough. The attention King seeks in Washington SLIPPERY CUSTOMERS could come in the form of Congressional leg· islation setting back the Negro cause many "The Viet Cong are local farmers. They are Invasion of Washington by Martin years. much smaller than we are and can slip· Channel 11, which will show the films in aroudn. They are experts in mines and booby Luther King this area, has done many fine things in the traps. The North Vietnam regulars are well· past, and the public has shown its appre· trained soldiers, also good at guerrilla war­ elation by donating funds to help the station fare. They are definitely committed to the HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI continue in its educational and public bene· war, doped up when they go into combat. fit projects. In the DMZ fighting is with the North Viel'· OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In our opinion, Channel 11 is jeopardizing namese regulars, and in South Vietnam, it is its reputation by giving Dr. King exposure mostly with the Viet Cong. In the DMZ, if Monday, January 22, 1968 and encouragement in this case. If Dr. King's you're on a trail, you have to hold on to the campaign were to be in the public interest, man in front of you, it is so tangled and Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr: Speaker, notice in the peaceful interest of helping the Ne· dark, and the heat is so great you can't get has been served by Martin Luther King gro, or if it were of an educational nature we any air in the jungle. that he will stage an invasion of Wash­ would have no objections. But if Channel 11 "In Vietnam, you are in danger all the ington this spring. Whatever motivation cooperates in this venture it will be on the time, no one is too safe," he pointed out. the program may really have, many will wrong wave length. "Everyone knows exactly how many days he The plight of the Negro in this country had left. I was there 11 months and 14 days include the need to compete for notoriety with other headline habitats. Suburban has been lessened greatly and 1t will be les· when I was shot. Boys grow up mighty fast sened more and more as responsible Negro over there. Most are young boys, average age Life, published in La Grange Park, Dl., leaders and the white population reach great· 19 or 20," commented the 23-year-old ser· which has a well-deserved reputation er understanding. It w111 not be lessened by geant. "We are supposed to have the best for thoughtful objective journalistic civil disobedience. oftlcers, too, well trained, smart men with practices and reflects an unbiased edi­ Dr. King, who earned his Nobel peace prize good education and good common sense. The torial policy, carried a most thoughtful through many fine peaceful workings on be· Marine tour cf duty in Vietnam is 13 months, half of his people, should be the last to veer and I was there 11 months and 14 days when editorial on January 4 which I believe the way he has. I was shot. merits the consideration of people gen­ erally interested in civil rights. The edi­ We don't understand his switch, but we "Living conditions in Vietnam are very believe he should be stopped in his civil dis· poor compared to ours," he thought. "The torial follows: obedience leanings. Buddhists seem to have more facilities and KING'S NOT ROYALTY the Viet Cong better health. There is a very small percentage of illegitimate children Planning sessions for Dr. Martin Luther sired by GI fathers as compared to other King's "massive civil disobedience" campaign are to be documented on film and shown wars." on television after the campaign against President's State of Union Address INSTANT MEDICAL CARE northern cities 1s launched in Washington Testimony to His Faith in America's In the Marine Corps tradition of never either in March or April. leaving its wounded behind, injured men are The sessions are to be :fllmed by Public Future whisked off immediately by helicopter after Broadcast Laboratory and released over a being treated on the spot by the corpsmen National Education Television Network (medics), two to a Marine platoon. One goes which in this area means via WTTW, Chan­ HON. LUCIEN N. NEDZI in front of the platoon and the other to the nel 11. OF MICHIGAN rear, armed with .45's, but seldom doing any What unabashed effrontery 1 fighting. In the first place, who or what gives Dr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The helicopter crews get in as soon as King the right to conduct a massive civil Monday~ January 22, 1968 possible in their "Med-Evacs" choppers to disobedience campaign? Are he and his fol­ carry off the wounded. "A risky business," lowers above the laws of the country and the Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Speaker, President commented Gutberlet. "Their casualty per· cities? If this 1s true we might just as well Johnson's state of the Union address was centage runs high. The big percentage of our scrap all the law books and go whole hog on living testimony to his great faith in casualties comes from mines and bobby traps, the survival of the fittest theory. America's capacity to meet-and con­ up to 75 percent." We assume that his disobedience cam· quer-the challenges of the 20th century. Another annoyance to the troops is "1m· paign will be patterned to show how the I believe that most Americans share mersion foot," caused by prolonged stand· Negroes in this country are being deprived the President's faith that united we can ing in water and wet footgear. Gutberlet of their civil rights, and that they have1the himself spent two weeks in th.e hospital last "rights" to disobey civil authority in any forge an era of opportunity for every November from this cause. way they choose to gain their "rights" re· citizen. Although "everything is lighter now and gardless of the general populace to a peace­ President Johnson's address was are­ more easily carried," the average Marine ful way of life. In other words, their wrongs newed pledge to make the American must tote 35 pounds at minimum, while will create rights. dream a reality for every American. It others, burdened down with machine guns, We believe this civll disobedience cam­ ream.rmed the President's--and the Na­ pack and ammunition, struggle along under paign wm greatly harm and set back the tion's---goal of freeing Americans from loads of up to 75 pounds. civil rights campaigns of the responsible the strictures of poverty, from the bur­ As for the dead North Vietnamese and Negro leaders who have done much for the Viet Cong, they are left on the field by the welfare of their people in peaceful ways. dens of poor health, from the weight of American troops, while the American dead If Dr. King persists in his civll disobedience ignorance, and from the frustration of are sent back to the States for burial. "We he wm be no more than an insurrectionist. discontent. never leave any of our men behind," said He has shown leanings 1n this direction for Lyndon Johnson's memorable state of Sgt. Gutberlet. some time. the Union address will give renewed con­ He thinks we are doing the right thing Other minority groups in this country are fidence to our people that their country's by fighting: "It is a political war and better obliged to, and do, obey the laws of the land. future is in good hands. over there than over here, and will last until Why should Dr. King be allowed to do other­ the politicians decide to end it, probably wise? The laws are for all to obey whether It also demonstrated to Americans by a treaty. I think our civ111an attitude they be black, white, yellow or green. that this President and this administra­ could be better. It makes good propaganda Films of the planning sessions are to re­ tion is determined to act on the rising for the Viet Cong. They put out handbills main secret until Dr. King launches his crime rate. The President was well ad­ for our soldiers about how many casualties campaign. Showing of the films on television vised to recommend tighter controls on the South Vietnamese have taken, and how is purported to give the public a better un· narcotics trafficking, and his request for many planes shot down, and how our own derstanding of what's to be happening dur· the Safe Streets Act and gun control bill nation is divided . . . Peace could be in the ing the disobedience campaign. passage will not, I predict, fall on deaf near future; it is up to our government. The If understanding is the goal, then why the fighting men have to obey orders." disobedience? Why don't Dr. King a.nd the ears this session. The sergeant had one personal regret 1n PBL prepare a comprehensive picture of the All in all, this was a memorable state leaving Vietnam: "I had to leave behind a Negroes' plight and show it without Dr. King of the Union message. I am proud to join VC :flag I got when we took the top of a going on a binge to disrupt the peaceful with my colleagues in applauding a great hill. I just hooked the flag." Somehow it movements of society and its laws? President. January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 575 "Old Put," a Great American Revolu­ American history today, men like 'Old Put' the sale of the farm {his father died when are becoming more widely known." he was 5, his mother when he was 9, he moved tionary War Hero Emerson runs a confectionery business southwest to Connecticut and bought Mort­ named "Putnam Pantry" on Route 1 near the lake Manor in Brooklyn, then part of Pomfret. intersection of Route 95 in Danvers, next to The property included 514 acres. HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONGE the house where Old Put was born. The Within a year, he had paid off the mort­ 250th anniversary of his birth will occur OF CONNECTICtrr gage on the farm and was quickly on his Jan. 7. way to becoming prosperous. He became qne IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Steps are being ,taken to observe the anni­ of the largest wool growers in all the Monday, January 22, 1968 versary. U.S. Rep. William L. St. Onge of colonies. Putnam has introduced a b1llin Congress for The most famous incident in his non­ Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, I am the issuance of a commemorative U.S. stamp. military life came out of h1s concern for his pleased to insert in the REcoRD a fasci­ Other events are expected to be scheduled to sheep herd. During the winter of 1742--43, he nating feature article on Gen. Israel help honor the man who, though lacking lost many sheep-as his neighbors did-to Putnam written by Bernard A. Du Pont, much formal education, rose to be second in a wlly she-wolf. which appeared in the November 26, command of the Continental Army during With five men, he set out one day after the American Revolution. Only General 1967, Worcester Sunday Telegram. In his her in light snow. She led the hunters in fine account of this hero of the Revolu­ Washington was his military superior. a day-and-night chase all the way to the In itself, this might be enough to insure east bank of the Connecticut River and tionary era, Mr. Du Pont, notes that a certain immortality for Putnam. That, plus back to Pomfret again, where she took while Putnam was practically a legend in the fact he gave his name to about 30 refuge in a den. The men had tracked the his own lifetime and the subject of the counties, towns and villages throughout the wolf more than 40 mlles. first American biography, he is not as country in addition to Putnam, Conn., not When dogs sent in after her came out well known as some of his contempo­ to mention countless buildings, schools and bloodied, and when attempts to smoke her raries, such as John Paul Jones or Patrick organizations. out had failed, Putnam decided to go in Henry. But there was much more to Old Put than after her. The passage was narrow-two feet that. SOme of the episodes in his life are the wide-and extended about 40 feet into the This is rather unusual, in view of the stufl.' that legends are made of. As Galo Emer­ ground. It was about 10 p.m. fact that General Putnam was second son advertises on the cover of one of his Putnam's companions tied a rope to his only to General Washington in com­ circulars for h1s candy store: "They just legs and he shinnied in, holding a torch. At mand of the Continental Army during don't make generals like that anymore." the end of the tunnel, he saw the brute's the Revolution, and it was Putnam who So who, and what, was Israel Putnam? eyes shining and promptly ordered his issued the famous order at the battle of He was a barrel-chested, athletic man of friends to haul him out. Loading his musket medium height--slim and muscular in his with buckshot, he went back down, pulled Bunker Hill: "Don't fire until you see the younger days, rather fleshy during the time In the trigger and was quickly dragged out whites of their eyes." addition, his of the Revolution. He was nearly 60 years once more by his friends. name has been given to about 30 coun­ old when he uttered his immortal words at After the gunsmoke cleared, he went in a ties, towns, and villages thro:.Ighout the the Battle a! Bunker Hlli. third time and found the animal dead. He country, including my own hometown of His face was good humored, but ma.rked grabbed it by the ears, kicked the rope that Putnam, Conn., as well as to numerous by many deep scars he received during the signaled his friends and both were dragged buildings, schools, and organizations. French and Indian War. He lost the joint of out. This year marks the 250th anniversary h1s right thumb during a farming accident That exploit won him another nickname­ of the birth of this great American pa­ and walked with a limp (from another farm­ "Old Wolf." Against the base of his large ing acoident). He oooasionally stammered, equestrian statute in Brooklyn today are triot and Revolutionary War hero. Dur­ but his voice and attitude were commanding. mounted heads of open-mouthed wolves­ ing the first session of this Congress I in­ Fearless, he was yet known to have fainted both fore and aft. Later on, in Brooklyn, he troduced a bill calling for the issuance of at the sl.ght of blood. ran the General Wolfe Tavern. Located across a commemoraJtive postage stamp !Ln. his Old Put was also kind and generous. He from the eventual site of the monument, it honor. It is my hope that early action never held a grudge. He had the typica.I later burned to the ground. may be taken on this measure during Yankee's resourcefulness. Most of all, he It was as a provincial in the French and this session. knew how to lead men. One of his fellow Indian War that he rose from the ranks to generals said of him: "A man of strict truth become a lieutenant colonel of the 4th Con­ I am sure that my colleagues will be who can be entirely trusted." necticut Regiment. Some criticism was di­ interested in the article on General Put­ Israel Putnam was born in New Salem rected against him in later life because of his nam whose life was filled with thrilling (now Danvers) in 1718, the 12th child of contusion in commanding large groups of exploits which endeared him to his coun­ Joseph and Elizabeth Porter. The house in men. But he was superb as a guerilla leader. trymen, and serve as an inspiration for which he was born, behind the Putnam He went through several hair-raising (and our Nation today. Pantry, was erected in 1648 by his grand­ almost hair-losing) incidents during the The article follows: father, Thomas Putnam. It is believed to be Seven-Year War, which began in 1755. He was the oldest house in the country retained once captured by the Indians and tied to a "OLD Ptrr" down through the years by a single family. tree between opposing forces, but survived (By Bernard A. DuPont) His father was a man of conviction. Dur­ the crossfire. Who said, "Give me liberty or give me ing the witchcraft hysteria in Salem, which Two Indians came along as the battle death?" he denounced, sermons were preached against moved away and practiced throwing their Easy-Patrick Henry. him and even his own half-brothers stormed tomahawks to see how close they could come But how about, "Don't fire untU you see at him. His mother was a niece of Magis­ to his head. Then they tried to burn him at the whites of their eyes?" trate John Hawthorne, from the line that the stake, but a sudeten downpour drenched John Paul Jones? Robert E. Lee? George would eventually produce Nathaniel Haw­ the first attempt, and a second effort was Patton? thorne. The original family name was Put­ prevented by a French officer. Israel Putnam said it. tenham, which could trace military ancestors An instance that showeoundaries millions of older Americans to avoid depend­ more than his total contribution. This doesn't should be. Right now, we are three minutes ency and destitution, and you are thereby take into consideration the virtual certainty from Cairo. That's much better than the guaranteeing a huge and stable market for that benefit levels will continue to rise over U.A.R. being three minutes from Tel Aviv. your production of goods and services." future years as they have over the past. The older worker is, of course, way ahead. We were impressed with a number of [From the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Dec. 14, officials of the Israeli Government. One 1967] appointment we had, with Jerusalem's MANY FRET NEEDLESSLY OVER SOCIAL SECURITY mayor, Teddy Kollek, was for 6:30 a.m.; (By Sylvia Porter) United States Is Israel's Friend there just was no other time to talk. While Congress was completing details on I ·Was less impressed, however, by 1967's omnibus Social Security bill in recent HON. JOSHUA EILBERG what seemed to me to be the unwieldy weeks, scare stories such as the following ap­ organization of the Knesset--Parliament peared from coast to cdast: OF PENNSYLVANIA or Congress. Members run on a party "There's no guarantee of future payments, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES slate and represent no particular district. no reserve fund ... Monthly benefit pay­ Monday, January 22, 1968 ments ... may be downgraded or even dis­ They are elected in proportion to their continued at some future date ..." Mr. En.BERG. Mr. Speaker, Mrs. Eil­ party's share of the total vote in an elec­ "Recent disclosures are raising grave berg and I returned last Monday morn­ tion. They have no staffs to help and doubts as to how much-if anything-today's ing from a 2-week trip to Israel. Perhaps they seem to owe their primary allegiance taxpayer will get back when his time for re­ some of the Members may be interested to the Histadrut, which my mind com­ tirement comes . . ." in a brief report of that trip. pared loosely to a giant, all-encompass­ "All that's left in the Social Security kitty ing lobby with members in all parties. for your old age are a bunch of paper IOU's It is amazing what a sign can do for signed by your own grandchildren . . ." morale. A real move apparently is being made "The Social Security Administration is A few years ago, Philadelphians began to reduce the great number of political bankrupt." to sit up and take notice when detour parties in Israel. "If any insurance company were adminis­ signs around building sites began to carry Since the June war, I have been in tered as Government administers your 'So­ close, constant touch with both our own cial Security insurance' its resources would words to the effect: "Sorry for the incon­ be impounded and its officers would be venience, we're rebuilding your city." White House staff and officials of the thrown into jail." Almost as soon as my wife and I landed Embassy of Israel in Washington. I have These denunciations, mind you, are being in Tel Aviv, we noticed a different kind of been satisfied that my information on broadcast to 23,000,000 beneficiaries on the sign everywhere: "(Re) Built with Amer­ developing situations has been as fast Social Security rolls. These accusations are ican help." During our 2-week stay in Is­ and accurate as anyone's. being heard by the 80,000,000 of us who are rael we could hardly help but notice such My visit to Israel helped me develop contributing Social Security taxes toward signs in every part of the land. a third perspective, however, a comfort­ our own future security. The facts cry out for attention. Nor were these expressions limited to ing one in some ways. Where I was wor­ signs. Unlike some places of the world, ried about our commitments in the SOUNDLY FINANCED Americans are held in high regard in Is­ Middle East, I am now less worried. Fact 1: Our Social Security system is rael. I picked up a newspaper, for ex­ There can be little doubt in my mind studied regularly and exhaustively by Ad­ now that the friendship is fast and will visory Councils consisting of experts drawn ample, and read a poll taken by Israel's from private business, insurance companies, leading public opinion sampler soon after continue to be so. labor unions and universities. the June war. Like others who have taken the time The most recent Advisory Council con­ It listed world leaders in order of pop­ and trouble to see the situation for them­ cluded in 1965, as did previous councils that ularity: First, Lyndon B. Johnson; sec- selves, I am now more aware than ever the Social Security system 1s soundly fi­ ond, Gen. Moshe Dayan; third, Premier of the fact that even friendly nations nanced; that its present trust funds can ade­ Levi Eshkol. And in order of unpopular­ have roles to play in harmony rather quately meet all near-term obligations to ity: First, Russian Premier Kosygin; sec­ than have everyone play the same exact beneficiaries; and that its expected income melody. from taxes provided under law will be sum­ ond, General Nasser; third, Charles de cient to meet its obligations in the distant Gaulle. I have seen first hand what a dedi­ future. It is hard for an American, concerned cated people can do with help, and what 580 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 help can do from friends. It is no longer Combining warmth and humanity with or another, have been to a great degree sincerity and eloquence, his words bum into incorrectly handled in the past. an impersonal thing. the hearts of his hearers because they stem And I have seen, from our country's from the flame of his faith. His message I have just returned from Detroit, own point of view, an ounce of preven­ echoes in many corners of the world as he Mich., where I was honored to represent tive medicine to communism, which in guides the destiny of the H1llcrest Jewish our Republican Congressional Task the long run may well be worth a pound Center and the International Synagogue. Force on Urban Affairs at a metropolitan of Vietnam-type "cures." There is no branch of community service, seminar on urban affairs which at­ To be sure, I have seen problems, too, no broadening of opportunities for youth, no tracted outstanding leaders from 16 like a small nation's suft'ering from de­ contribution to the social progress of our States. I am proud that this meaningful times and our people that has not known the seminar was sponsored by our Republican clining immigration plus low birth rate. benefit ... yes, the blessing ... of his ener­ Or like total exploitation of available or gies, his wisdom and his spirit. Party in Michigan. convertible farmland, because of a lack It was from the inspired vision of this Among the many statements and ad­ of water. Or like a serious refugee prob­ present-day prophet who walks in the flame dresses in the 2-day seminar, I was par­ lem. of his faith that the original dream of the ticularly impressed by the words of But who would expect the best politi­ International Synagogue was born. And it Michigan's Lt. Gov. William G. Milliken. cal system in the world in less than 20 was through his tireless efforts and bound­ Because of his challenging message, not years? Or complete settlement of Arab less determination that it became a brilliant only to Republicans, but Democrats as historic reality. well, I wish to insert his address in the refugees in months? As a spiritual lee.der and past President It may not have been much of a vaca­ of the New York Board of Rabbis, he has RECORD. Following is Lieutenant Gov­ tion from Washington, but it was a demonstrated a remarkable blending of the ernor Milliken's remarks at the metro­ wonderful trip. A real eye opener. Even practical and the visionary. politan seminar on January 19, 1968, in wider. Our city, our people and generations to Detroit, Mich.: come are indebted to this scholar, preacher ADDRESS BY LT. Gov. WILLIAM G. MILLIKEN, and prince in Israel for his devotion to the METROPOLITAN SEMINAR, DETROIT, JANUARY International Synagogue Award to Rabbi American way and the Jewish heritage. 19, 1968 He- has held high the sanctity of his call­ Israel Mowshowitz ing with a dignity and dedicated responsi­ It is a pleasure to welcome each of you biUty that brings new greatness to the name to this Metropolitan Seminar, sponsored by of Rabbi. the Republican Party of Michigan. HON. HERBERT TENZER Fearless and foremost in the fight for It is a particular pleasure to welcome my huxnan rights, firm in his conviction that good friend and colleague Lt. Governor Jim OF NEW YORK Goetz of Minnesota as co-chairman of this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES men who were created equal by God deserve equal treatment from other men . . . there seminar. Monday, January 22, 1968 is no area of civic or spiritual service in This is one of the most encouraging meet­ which he has not earned the regard and ings I have attended in a long time. Mr. TENZER. Mr. Speaker, on Jan­ esteem of all. It is encouraging because, to the best of uary 16, 1968, the Honorable Charles H. He has done as much as any man to stir my knowledge, this Republican-sponsored Silver, one of New York's most honor­ the conscience of the world on behalf of seminar on metropolitan problems marks the able and respected citizens and president the homeless, the hopeless and the oppressed. first such conference to be sponsored by of the International SynJagOgUe, omde a There is a magic about his very presence. etther political party. presentation to Rabbi Israel Mowsho­ It rises from the depths of his being . . . a It is encouraging because this conference hidden place where you know that truth has attracted some of the nation's most in­ witz in recognition of his great service to and honor dwell. You are sure that, while novative thinkers and doers in their areas that temple. he walks witn God, his arm remains firmly of influence. Some of them I know well; Rabbi Mowshowitz serves the Hillcrest linked with his fellow man. As an inspired others I am looking forward to hearing for Jewish Center and the International leader of his people, he is intensely and com­ the first time. SynagOgue and all lmow 'him a.s a man passionately aware of their needs and prob­ Above all, it is encouraging because out of ded'icatedi Ito 1lhe improvement of so­ lems. this meeting can come stimulating thoughts ciety. A ,past president of the New York Hls eyes may be fixed on the eternal wis­ and ideas that we can use to help solve the Board of Rabbis he was instrumental in dom of the Torah, but his hand is out­ d111lcult problems of urban America. stretched and eager to bring comfort and Speaking for the Republican Party of founding the International Synagogue counsel to any who falter. Michigan, we are grateful to each of you for at Kennedy Airport which I am priv­ Beloved by Jew and Gentile alike, he has your attendance--particularly those of you ileged to serve as a director and as shown us the way to build a citadel of man's who have come from other states--and we chairman of the library committee. better self beside the sanctuaries of the other look forward, with you, to highly productive Mr. Speaker, I place in the RECORD at great faiths. sessions over this ne~ day and a half. this point the remarks of the Honorable There, Rabbi Israel Mowshowitz. alongside We are grateful to those representatives of Charles H. Silver on making the presen­ our brothers who worship each in his own the Republican Committee on Arts, Profes­ way, your dree.m has been fulfilled--the sions and Sciences, who will be lending their tation to Rabbl Mowshowitz: majestic fruit of your labors--the Interna­ intellectual stimulation to the Seminar. ADDRESS BY HoN. CHARLES H. SILVEB, PBESI· tional Synagogue--the magnificent testa­ Too often the Republican Party has been a DEN'l', INTERNATIONAL SYNAGOGUE, AT PRES• ment and eternal tribute to your sklll and party of re-action rather than of action. Too ENTATION TO RABBI ISRAEL MOWSHOWITZ, genius- often, instead of proposing realistic and com­ JANUARY 16, 1968 " A symbol of the faith that we embrace, prehensive answers to the problems of ur­ Wisdom is not gotten easily or in a single A hall of worship raised for all who seek ban America, we have reacted to answers day. It must be harvested throughout a llfe­ A sacred altar in a peaceful place proposed by Democrats. Too often, on the time, fed by a mind passionately devoted to Where men may walk with God ... national level, we have combined forces with the quest for truth. And think .. . southern Democrats to beat back or water A man of wisdom must possess much more And speak ..." down proposals made by the majority party. than mere intell1gence. He must acquire a Too often, on the state level, we have per­ vast knowledge of things. Most of all, his mitted rural-dominated legislatures to ig­ heart must be rich in understanding of his nore city problems. fellowman. I submit to you that if the Republican Such a man respects himself as being Positive Republican Adion Party is to meet its responsib111ties on the made in the image of God. He carries a spark national, state and local level, we must con­ of that Divine Spirit deep within. He tackles stantly search out, and put into practice, his appointed task with sklll and under­ HON. JAMES HARVEY ideas that are practical and plans that are standing, with loyalty and devotion to duty. OF MICHIGAN responsive to human needs. Such a man wins the respect of all who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In Michigan, as in some of your states, work with him. He merits the love and the Republican Party is the party of leader­ praise and well-deserved tribute we pay him Monday, January 22, 1968 ship. This means we have to have the cour­ today. Mr. HARVEY. Mr. Speaker, for months age to lead on the tough issues as well as on Years of his life and energies have been the easy ones . . . if, indeed, there are any given to the cause of our people and our we have heard of the plight of our cities. easy ones. heritage, he finds ttme for ministering to We all recognize that some positive con­ We have here today the nucleus of a group his own congregation, serving the Jewish sideration, some positive action must be which could begin to chart a course for a community and guiding the destinies of an taken if we are to reverse disturbing and better America. In charting that course, we historie, world-famed synagogue. dangerous trends which, for one reason should be guided by mistakes of the past, January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 581 but only to the extent that we can profit We have learned, through the efforts of the daily problems that confront the people from these mistakes. U.S. Gypsum and other companies, that re­ of the slums. What have been our mistakes? Why has hab111tation of slum tenements, in which We are showing the prosperous American this most affluent of all nations lost contact the inhabitants play a significant role, can that there are real problems in the slums-­ with our less affluent minorities? Why have result in better living quarters that the poor problems that he himself may unwittingly we permitted the poor to sink constantly can afford to enjoy. Through the coopera­ have helped create, and that he can help lower into hopelessness and helplessness? tion of U.S. Gypsum, with which I have to solve. We are educating and involving what What have we learned that can guide our been working, we hope to bring this approach we think of as the traditional Republican future actions? to Michigan. constituency. Perhaps one of the most important lessons We have learned, in New York, Chicago, At the same time, we are showing the peo­ we have learned is that affluent America can­ and St. Louis, that police-community rela­ ple of the slums that there are ways and not plan for disadvantaged America without tions can be vastly improved; and in In­ means to lick their problems-sometimes by involving the disadvantaged directly in the dianapolis we have learned tha.t citizens can their own efforts; sometimes with an assist planning. They don't want packages tightly organize effectively to aid the pollee depart­ from their more fortunate fellow citizens. By bound with red tape handed down to them; ment and the courts, and to help young involving ourselves in their frustrations and they want to have the doors of opportunity people who mighlt otherwise be involved in dlscouragements, we are opening doors of op­ opened so they can help themselves. street crime. portunity and widening horizons of hope. We We have learned that the only doors to Perhaps most important of all, we are be­ are showing that we care. In this effort, I opportunity are through education, jobs and ginning to learn that the people of the must add, we have important cooperation of housing; and that the poor have a great deal slums need not be a drag on society, but are both Democrats and Independents. of catching up to do before they can keep up. really an untapped resource .•. that there We are demonstrating, here in Michigan, Every board and commission that has ex­ is much talent and leadership in the slums that the Republican Party 1s capable not only amined urban poverty has concluded that as in the suburbs. of proposing programs at the state and local unemployment is our gravest problem. The The tragedy of the slums 1s that they need level, but capable of direct action to involve longer a man's record of unemployment, the not exist. the total resources of our communities. We longer is his climb to a steady job. We have the resources, we have the sk1lls, are building bridges of understanding and We have learned that federal housing and we have the knowledge to mount a total na­ communication across the gap between highway programs have accelerated the move tional e.ssault on the problems of the slums. suburb and slum. We are revitalizing the or­ of middle-income famUies and businesses to What we have lacked thus far is the deter­ ganizational infra-structure of our society, the suburbs, leaving the core cities without mination. Such an assault will require a on both sides of the gap, so that people can adequate tax bases and with uprooted busi­ massive personal and institutional commit­ take a direct hand in developing and imple­ nesses and families which can only crowd ment by the entire American community­ menting their own plans to build a New into already over-crowded areas. a:flluent and poor, black and white, public Detroit, a New Michigan, and a New America. We have learned that our system of wel­ and private. This Metropolitan Seminar is an extension fare services makes Jobless men leave home The signs are not encouraging. Recent of our efforts. We want to tap the best ideas so their famllies can receive more money; opinlon polls show that a majority of white that have been developed elsewhere. We want and keeps the poor behind bars of financial Americans think Negroes have as much op­ to share our insights-and our problem&­ disadvantage from which it is increasingly portunity as whites and enjoy comparable with you who share our concem and our difflcult to escape. living standards. The evidence points toward commitment. We have learned that the American Negro a continued drawing apart of large segments It is not too much to hope that our meet­ wlll no longer be patient in his century-long of the American community into two an­ ings in Detroit this week may set a pattem wait to possess rights which should never tagonistic camps. Whites think Negroes are for the Republican Party in other cities and have been denied him-including the right other states, and even in the nation. unreasonable, and Negroes think whites are This 1s what our Republican Party needs to buy or rent a home of his choice. unresponsive. In some cases, both are right. to keep it stimulated. In short, we need to be We have learned, as Governor Romney said Unless we can educate ourselves and one Jarred by the force of new ideas that can when he returned from his tour of American another by sound persuasion and positive move us and move America forward. cities, that the voices from the ghettos are example, we wt11 condemn ourselves to a We must involve ourselves at every level calling for three things. They want human harsh and disastrous education by tragic with the incredibly difflcult and complex dignity; they want equal justice under the events. social, economic and polltical machinery that law; and they want equal opportunity. Cer­ Without a new and positive sense of na­ must mesh now for the common good. tainly, those things are not too much to ask. tional urgency and determination, encom­ We must be the architects of a new Amer­ I have mentioned some of the failures from passing the entire American community, the ican community-united in its diversity, and which we can profit; now I want to talk tragedy of the slums will continue to mount. strong in the strength of the people. about some of the more positive aspects of Unless we can find the means to forge a new our learning experience: and fundamental national consensus, we will We have learned that to turn back the be unable to marshal the forces that are forces of poverty and despair we will need the available and waiting to be used to eliminate combined forces of government at all levels the slums. Ukrainian Independence Day and of the private sector; and we are showing This 1s where the Republican Party comes ·an increased wllltngness to make this com­ in. A political party's stock in trade is not mitment. just power, but principles. Its job is to help HON. LEONARD FARBSTEIN We have learned, notably in the Bedford­ order the priorities of the community-to Stuyvesant experiment in New York, the put first things first, and spearhead the drive OF NEW YORX nation's second largest Negro ghetto, that for proper allocation of effort and resources IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES even the most diftlcult problems of housing, to meet emerging challenges. Monday. January 22. 1968 employment, health, education, and eco­ The job of the Republlcan Party is not nomic development can be met. They can be only to listen to the people and refiect their Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, the met, and are being met there, through a pro­ wishes so that we may win power. Our job 22d of January marks the 50th anniver­ gram bullt on the community's strengths is to initiate two-wa:v communication with sary of Ukrainian Independence. On this and tailored to meet all its needs. the people, at every level and by every means We have learned, through the McClellan we can, to mold opinlon as well as mirror date tn 1918, the fledgltng Ukrainian Committee in Los Angeles and the New De­ it, to involve the people directly in the shap­ Government was among the first nations troit Oommittee here, that the resources­ ing of a better state and nation. to declare Its independence from the both money and ideas--of the business com­ Today, when more and more people have a crumbltng Russian Empire. Regrettably, munity, can be brought to bear effectively growing sense of alienation, not only from this independence was short lived as the to help break the chains of the disadvan­ each other but also from the decisions and Ukrainian people were quickly conquered taged. decision-makers that intimately affect their anew by the Communist regime tn We have learned, principally in Philadel­ lives, it is absolutely vital that we have at phia, that lending institutions and private least one political party that is down there Russia. businessmen can combine their forces profit­ working at the grass roots-not just begging This date Is a time of remembrance for ably and effectively to provide risk capital for votes, but championing the people's ef­ those of Ukrainian ancestry. It repre­ and management advice for struggling inner­ forts to put meaning and hope back into sents a feeling of pride 1n an independ­ city Negro businesses. We are bringing this their lives, involving the people directly in ence declared, and a moment of honor in program to Detroit. new approaches to the solution of our com­ a battle gallantly fought to preserve that We have learned, notably in Indianapolis, mon problems. fragile freedom. that persons who might otherwise never have Through the leadership of our State Chair­ been able to own a home, can build equity man, Elly Peterson, we are experimenting in We in the United States have been for­ and acquire ownership through Joint efforts Michigan with this new role !or the Repub- tunate to live in freedom for almost 200 1n building whole blocks of new homes. This lican Party. Through the Metropolitan Action years. On this date, lt would behoove us 1s the "sweat equity" approach we are bring­ Committee, we are drawing on the full re­ to remember the not so fortunate history ing to Michigan. sources o! the urban community to help solve of the Ukra1nlan people, who carry 1n 582 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 their hearts the same burning hope for a Sid Price, they determined the four riders crusading purpose. They charged that he free society. We can sympathize with the and their trusty mounts could each ride had allowed his generals to take over the approximately eight miles and beat the mail running of the war. -tragedy of this land; more importantly, service by a couple of days. Within his own party, leaders were look­ we can take this opportunity to rededi­ Promptly at 9 o'clock Saturday morning Al ing around for a candidate to run against cate ourselves to the goal that every man Amundson, up on Miss Kitty whose owner is him for the nomination. Challenging his has the irrevocable right to live, work, Corky Vandolah of the Three Lazy Sons conduct of an unconstitutional war, Con­ and worship in a free society. Ranch, left for the ride to W1llow Creek. gressional leaders were prepwring impeach­ Let us be reminded by their persever­ Despite a head wind and a short delay to ment proceedings. ance that the democratic way of life is retrieve his hat which blew off, he mailed the The President himself was weary and with­ first batch of letters at the Willow Creek Post out friends. Those who should have rallied not an irrevocable right but a living Office at 9:55. Sid Price, on Wrangler owned to his support accused him of incompetence, process which requires our daily atten­ by Don Conner, took off with the mail pouch faintheartedness, and even a sneaking sympa­ tion. Freedom ultimately lives in the over the old Yellowstone Trail. Eight miles thy with the foe. He was being pecked to hearts of man. We salute the Ukrainian and 30 minutes later, the pouch was hand­ death by doves and hawks alike. people on this day for reminding us of ed to Don Conner up on Pecos who made the These were the things that Senator Or­ this spirit. lap to Harrison in record time for 27 minutes. vme Hickman Browning mused about with The mail was posted in Harrison in at 10:56 the President of the United States. The slow­ and the pouch taken by Jack Zuelke on his speaking Chief Magistrate reached for a pony, Joey. The final batch of mail was in the pamphlet that had apparently been his bed­ Pony post office at 11:29 which was exactly 2 side companion in these difficult days. He Montana's Poor Mail Service Proves hours and 29 minutes from the starting point commended it to the Senator as proper read­ Post Office Wrong at Three Forks. ing for men laden with the responsib111ties of Amid the shouts of the welcoming com­ carrying on the most unpopular war in the mittee at Pony, it was announced the modern nation's history. The booklet was entitled, HON. JAMES F. BATTIN Pony ExpreSB bested the time of the U.S. Mail "How a Free People Conduct a Long War," ~nd and was written by a Philadelphian, Charles OF MONTANA special delivery letter by 45 hours 36 minutes. Janeway stme. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In true old western spirit, the riders and On the night of December 29, 1862, Mr. Monday, January 22, 1968 their followers spent a happy afternoon cele­ Lincoln read to Browning from the docu­ brating their feat with residents of Pony. ment for an hour or more. But he was read­ Mr. BATI'IN. Mr. Speaker, although I Both horses and riders were reported in ing for himself, too. The President was going am not one who .enjoys telling people "I excellent condition the following day. through an ordeal other Presidents had ex­ told you so," a gross blunder by U.S. perienced-Washington during the Revolu­ tion, Madison during the War of 1812. He was postal officials causes me to make just confronted with the fact that a freed.om­ that remark. The Post Office Department loving people are also a peace-loving people, went into Montana in late 1967 and ·ar­ How a Free People Conduct a Long War who consider it their right-indeed, their bitrarily took all mail from· the railway duty-to resist any ruler seeking to dragoon postal offices. The officials were warned the populace into a war that is too point­ that their new method of transporting HON. RICHARD BOLLING less or too painful. the mail-by truck or plane-would not OF MISSOURI Things had not gone well for Lincoln in December of 1862. On the 13th of that be as efficient as the rail method and that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES month, General Ambrose Burnside saw the their decision would. also do great harm Monday, January 22, 1968 flower of his Army of the Potomac wither to passenger service on the affected lines. under the fire of Lee's veterans at Fredericks­ Now after a few months of operation Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, a presi­ burg. In the West, the Army of the Cumber­ under the new system, Montanans can dent in wartime is particularly an object land was stalled in its tracks at Murfrees­ prove that their cautions were correct. of abuse and calumny. It is true today. boro. Sherman was. having difficulty at Vicks­ burg. The following news article was carried It was tru~ in the Lincoln Presidency. Lincoln sensed still more trouble ahead. in the October 29, 1967, issue of the Mon­ Gus Tyler has written in the New Leader And when spring followed winter, Lee moved tana Standard, a Butte, Mont., news­ of January 1, 1968, an account of the his armies north into Pennsylvania, threat­ paper. In short, this experience with Pony terrible strains under which Abraham ening Meade at Gettysburg. The conquest of Express effectively tells the Post Office Lincoln worked. The article offers us a the South seemed far, far away in a never­ Department "I told you so" for the many lesson in how to assess the unwarranted never land of Lincoln's fantasy. Montanans who vocally opposed the torrent of abuse and the irrelevant crit­ Bad as the military situation was for Lin­ changeover from railway postal offices. icisms that now assault President John­ coln, the political situation was worse. When ·a military appropriation b111 came before I have noticed-press reports that Post­ son. Congress on December 18, the Midwestern master General O'Brien intends to im­ The article referred to follows: Democratic delegation pointedly abstained­ plement this same type of service How A FREE PEOPLE CONDUCT A LONG WAR almost to a man. They never wanted the war throughout the United States. He prom­ (By Gus Tyler) and were now doubly bitter at the thought that the President, who had said it was a ises to provide airmail service for first­ (NoTE.-Gus Tyler, ILGWU Assistant Pres­ class postage In other words, making the ident, is a national board member of Amer- war to preserve the Union, had turned it into 10-cent ·airmail stamp worth the same as icans for Democratic Action.) · .a war to liberate the Negro. In January 1863, the handsome, brittle, the 6-cent first-class stamp. Every Mem­ Late one night, a friendly Senator discussed . brill1ant spokesman of the Midwestern Dem­ ber of Congress can find a good example the war with the President at the White ocrats, Clement Vallandigham, spoke the of what will result from Mr. O'Brien's House. '!'he conflict was running wrong, and heart of the peace people on the floor of the plan through what has happened in my too long. The fighting was going into its third House: State. year with no end in sight. In recent weeks, "Defeat, debt, taxation, sepulchres, these The article referred to follows:· the enemy had shown new strength, putting are your trophies. In vain the people gave the great and powerful United States on you treasure, and the soldier yielded up his PONY _EXPRESS ~ASTER THAN u.s. MAn. the defensive. From the anguished bowels life. . . . The war for the Union is, in your (By Frances Denning) of the nation arose the cry for "peace." It .hands, a most bloody and costly failure. The THREE FORKS.--8hades of the Old West-­ came from the opposition and from the President confessed it on the 22nd of Sep­ the pony express--rode again last week w:hen President's own party. But the man in the tember, solemnly, officially and under the four intrepid riders and their ponies carried White House was obdurate. broad seal of the United States.... War for the mail from Three Forks to Pony in record The press did not spare him. They re­ the Union was abandoned; war for the Negro -time. · · minded him of the many men who had openly begun, and with stronger battalions It all started when Jack Zuelke, owner of died in the .uniform of the United States, than ever before. With what. success? Let the the Three Rivers Bowl in Three Forks, sent and they reminded him again as the num- dead at Fredericksburg and Vicksburg an- an air mail special delivery letter to Bert ber mounted. They charged him with des­ swer. Welch, Pony Bar owner. The letter ca;rried 38 potism, with a brutal draft, with suppres­ "And now, sir, can this war continue? cents p~stage and was delivered to Mrs. sion of dissension, with strangling civil lib­ Whence the money to carry it on? Where the Welch 47 hours and 25 minutes later. In erties. They charged that the President's men? Can you borrow?. From whom? Can talking it . over with Al Amundson ·of the insane obsession with the war was bringing you tax more? Will the people bear it?" Town Club, the ·fellows decided the mail .the country to ruin: internal rebellion, riots, Vallandigham slashed at Lincoln's endleSs service could be somewhat improved with a infiatton, outrageous taxation. They charged appetite for more and more men, for his end­ .modern day pony· express. · . him with · lying to the country getting it less escalation of the war, "Seventy-five The distance from Three Forks to Pony is into a limited war on one pretext and then thousand first . . . then 83 thousand more 81 miles so, with the aid of Don Conner and waging an extend·ed war for his own crazy were demanded; and 310 thousand re- January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 583 sponded.... The President next asked for ster. The ugly volcano of hatred for the war the doorkeeper announced a caller: The 400 thousand, and Congress gave him 500 and the President thalt had long been seeth­ President of the United States, who had come thousand; and, not to be outdone, he took ing under th~ oity now explod.ed. Opposition uninvited and unawaited. All six feet four 637 thousand. Half of these melted away in to the draft turned into a riot; bringing New inches of the harassed Lincoln loomed over their first campaign; and the President de­ York to near ruin. More than a thousand the committee as he solemnly intoned: "I, manded 300 thousand more for the war, and people were killed in three days; other thou­ Abraham Lincoln, President of the United then drafted yet another 300 thousand for sands died latex of wounds. Whole blooks States, appear of my own volition before this nine months. The fabled hosts of Xerxes were burned to the ground. Much needed Committee of the Senate to say that I, of have been outnumbered." troops were brought in to restore order. my own knowledge, know that It is untrue Although a lame-duck Congressman, Val­ Disaffection, however, was not limited to that any of my family hold treasonable com­ landigham was no man to be pushed aside. New York nor to the draft. In six months, munication with 1ihe enemy.'' Having spoken, The descendant of a conscience-driven Hu­ IlLinois arrested 2,001 deserters. In Mlssls­ he turned and left. guenot and a Scotch-Irish mother, he spoke sippi, the Tillnois 109th regiment got so in­ In these days of despair, Lincoln fre­ for the "butternut" counties of the Midwest volved with fra.te1"n1zation and was so de­ quently read Stilles "How a Free People and for the "peace" Democrats. He ended pleted by desertions tha.t the entire regiment Conduct a Long War:• The 40-page booklet, his speech with the warning that "popular was disarmed and placed under arrest. "They subtitled "A Chapter from English History,.. uprisings" are being readied in the North, were disgusted with Lincoln and the Eman­ drew its "lessons" from a confiict vastly dif:­ and a new civil war is in the making between C'ipation Proclamation, said they had enlisted ferent from the Civil War: England's Penin­ New England and the West. to fight for the Union, not Negro freedom," sula war of 1807-12. Vallandigham was arrested on the order of records Sandburg in his long Lincoln study. Fought not on native soil but in a faraway General Burnside, as were others, for sedi­ The peace theme was put to music: place, the Iberian Peninsula, the confiict was tious utterances likely to interfere with re­ almost irrelevant to England•s well_being, "Abram Lincoln, what yer 'bout? since its sole object was to repel Napoleon's cruiting. The ex-congressman was sentenced Stop this war! It's all played out... to jail for the duration; Lincoln commuted aggression into Portugal and Spain. The war the sentence to exile to the Confederacy. In Nasty poems appeaxed regularly in a hostile was geo-ideologic, an effort to contain the protest, the Democratic party of Ohio named press: Napoleonic epidemic sweeping Europe. Vallandigham unanimously as its candidate At the outset, all 'parties in Parliament and for governor. "How changed-how strange is everything­ the country vied with each other in demand­ The Tilinois convention of the party We had a Union once-- ing that England should aid the [Iberian] adopted the following resolution: "That the A Statesman for a President, insurrection with the whole of her militaxy further offensive prosecution of this war But now we have a dunce!' power." But with the very first failures, the tends to subvert the Constitution and the Or more heavy-handed invective, such as: mood changed. They "now spoke openly of government, and entail upon this nation all "May Heaven's curses, dark and dire, the folly of any attempt of England to re­ the disastrous consequences of misrule and Commingled with Almighty fire, sist" Napoleon in the Peninsula. There was anarchy.'• a mounting cry for unilateral withdrawal. The Iowa convention resolved "that our Fall on your head and press you down, With dreadful torture the ground!• The ministry, however, "had sense enough Union was formed in peace, and can never be to to perceive that their only true policy was perpetuated by force of arms, and that a re­ While he was under attack from both doves perseverance. They were strong enough to publican government held together by the and Democrats, the President's own Repub­ resist the formidable opposition . . . in Pax­ sword becomes a miUtary despotism:• lican Radicals launched a dump-Lincoln liament and the country, and, undismayed In Connecticut, the platform declared that movement. Tribune publisher Horace Greeley by the experience of the past, concluded a "the time has now arrived when all true made it clear how he felt: "I can't trust your treaty with the Provisional Government of lovers of the Constitution are ready to aban­ 'honest old Abe.' He is too smart for me.'' Spain, by which they pledged England never don 'the monstrous fallacy' that the Union Greeley feared for the future of America in to abandon the national cause until the can be restored by the armed hand alone; a protracted confiict. "During the next two French were driven across the Pyrenees." and we are anxious to inaugurate such ac­ years of war, the country, saddled with Lin­ The first year went very badly, largely tion, honorable alike to the contending sec­ coln, would be ravaged so that it would because Wellington leaned on native troops. tions, and unite all the States upon terms hardly be worth saving. But the Republican "Dependence upon the Spaniards was cer­ of equality as members of one Confederacy!' leaders had their backs up; he had talked tainly, as it turned out, a fault ... in which And in New York City, Democratic party with them; they would fight till Doomsday Wellington, made wise by experience, was leader Fernando Wood told an overflow rather than consent to disunion. Every prom­ never again detected.'' He anglicized the war. meeting at Cooper Union: "This war of the inent Republican he had conversed with Immediately, the "opposition in Parlia­ General Government against the South is il­ thought the only hope lay in defeating are­ ment took advantage of this feeling to rouse legal, being unconstitutional, and should not election of Lincoln. Some suitable candidate public opinion to . . . compel the termina­ be sustained if we are to regard the Consti­ should be at once decided upon.'• tion of the war in the Peninsula and drive tution as still binding and in force." Behind Greeley stood "Thaddeus Stevens, the ministry from office." Weary of the Through the winter of 1862, Lincoln feared Senator [Benjamin F .) Wade, Henry Winter badgering, the ministry "boldly challenged that the enemy was not the military foe Davis, David Dudley Field, Governor (John] their opponents, if they were in earnest, to without but the political foe within. "These Andrew of Massachusetts and," according to make a definite motion in the House of are dark hours," wrote Senator Charles Sum­ a close associate of Greeley's "about all the Commons, that Portugal should be aban­ ner to a friend. "The President tells me that more prominent Republican leaders:• doned to its fate. This move completely un­ he now fears 'the fire in the rear'-meaning When Greeley read the bitter news from masked their game, and for a time silenced the Democracy, especially at the Northwest-­ Chancellorsville, where "130,000 magnificent the clamor, for it was perfectly understood more than our military chances!' Before the soldiers [had been] cut to pieces by less than on all hands, that deep in the popular heart, next summer was ended, the "fire in the 60,000 half-starved ragamuffins,.. he was sure undisturbed by the storms which swept over rear" came not only from the Northwest but Lincoln was betraying the cause. Greeley in­ its surface, there was a thorough and abiding more ominously from New York City. sisted that the party leaders must get Gen­ conviction of the absolute necessity of re­ When Lee attacked Gettysburg, Lincoln eral · William Rosecrans to run against Lin­ sisting the progress of Napoleon's arms, and drained several Eastern states, including coln. To an emissary, he wrote: "If you find that the real safety of England herself re­ New York, of all ready soldiery as a stop-gap Rosecrans the man that is needed, I will go quired that that resistance should then be prior to securing new troops through a draft. personally to Lincoln and force him to re­ made in Spain. The conscription call raised a storm of pro­ sign.'• Rosecrans was fiattered by the offer to "Stlll this noisy clamor did immense mis­ test all over the country. run but fiatly turned It down, being con­ chief; it weakened the government, it pro­ "For the nation as a whole," wrote a con­ vinced Lincoln was the right man in the longed the strife, it alarmed the timid, it temporary, "the Civil War reached its darkest right place. discouraged the true, and it so far imposed military day and its point of greatest un­ In the winter of 1862-63, a quiet move was upon Napoleon himself that, thinking that popularity in the spring of the year 1863. launched to impeach Lincoln. "There were in these angry invectives against the gov­ Every description of discontent and disaffec­ Radical Republicans, .. notes Sandburg, "who ernment he found the real exponent of tion towards the Lincoln Administration wanted a man obedient to their wishes. There English sentiment, he concluded, not un­ controlling the National Government was at were reactionaries in both parties who hoped naturally, that the people were tired and its climax in th~ early summer of that year. that the confusion of an impeachment would disgusted with the war, and the the priva­ At no time before or afterwards was Mr. slow down the war, bring back habeas corpus tions which it occasioned were like a cancer, Lincoln himself so grossly unde~ted or so and other civil rights.... They knew that in slowly but surely eating out the sources outrageously libelled by all his critics, patri­ any final vote to impeach they would count of national life." otic or reverse." on a large block of Ayes from the political It took three long years for Wellington New York Oi.ty was up in arms-not opposition... - to clean out Portugal and reach the Span­ against Lee but against Lincoln: The people The success of the Confederacy gave rise ish frontiers, where he set up a holding would have none of the despised and despotic to rumors that there was a Sputhern spy operation: "People talked of 'barren vic­ draft', especially at this mom~nt when Hon­ in the White House. The finger pointed at tories,' because [the battles] brought no est Abe, at the nadir of his rule, was viewed Mrs. Lincoln. A Congressional committee was territorial acquisitions.'' Said Sir Francis as one of the mos:t ddshonest men of all appointed to investigate the matter. Hardly Burdett: "No man in his senses could enter­ times: killer, despot, abolitionist, liar, joke- had the committee been called to order, when tain a hope of the final success of our arms 584 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 tn the Peninsula. Our laurels were great, but quick and radical about-face on the part of man whose courage and character I barren, and our victories tn their effects Hanoi. would like to bring to the attention of all mere defeat." General Tarleton "wished for We had better be ready. I believe we will my colleagues in the House of Repre­ the pencil of a Cervantes to be able to ridi­ be. cule those who desired to enter upon a It is a massive misreading of the U.S. sentatives. After his son was killed by continental war." political scene 1f Hanoi thinks that by harsh, a sniper's bullet in Da Nang late in 1966, '"The following description of the opposi­ last-ditch fighting in the next few months Mr. Joseph T. Gile traveled to Vietnam tion ot that day," wrote StUle in 1862, "bears North Vietnam can soften up American opin­ to seek the answers to his confusion so striking a likeness to the peculiarities of ion and that the smart thing is to hold off about the war. Although the first trip the leaders of an insignificant but restless negotiations until after the presidential was a difficult and ultimately futile one, faction among us, that omitting the election. :filled with adversities, Mr. Gile has old-fashioned drapery of the proper names, A very strong case can be made that lt wm they seem to have sat for the photograph." not be advantageous for Hanoi to delay peace gone again this year to Vietnam to con­ St1lle then quoted the annual Register for talks. The far greater probab111ty is that de­ tinue his quest. As he said: 1812: lay would be disadvantageous, and this 1s one I had to go before to get the answers, and "Those persons in this country who profess good reason why the United States needs to I have to go now because I came home a to have the greatest abhorrence of ministerial be prepared for a sudden and acceptable go­ saddened and frustrated father and Amer­ tyranny and oppression, look with the ut­ ahead by North Vietnam. ican. most coolness on the tyranny and oppression Here are the reasons: of Bonaparte. . . . They are almost always 1-If there ts a time when President John­ This time, with the help of the Ma­ ready to find an excuse for the conduct of son might yield to soft-peace temptations, rines and the Vietnamese Government, Bonaparte. The most violent and unjustifi­ tt would be in the next ten months, prior to Mr. Gile will hopefully be successful in able acts of his tyranny raise but feeble in­ November voting. seeing for himself the war, our :fighting dignation in their minds, while the most 2-If Johnson is re-elected, which 1s not men, and the country and people of Viet­ trlft1ng act of ministerial oppression is in­ unlikely, then he will be secure in ofllce for nam. veighed against with the utmost bitterness." another four years and it w111 be his last His spirit and his perseverance reveal "There ts such a thing as public opinion, term. There wm be no political tempta­ falsely so called," concluded Stille, "which is tion to accept doubtful Vietnam peace terms. the anxiety not only of a father who has noisy just in proportion as its real influence 3-If Hanoi thinks that any alternative lost a son there, but of a patriotic citi­ is narrow and restricted. One of the most President wm be easter to negotiate wtth zen who feels deeply involved in the diftlcult and delicate tasks of the statesman than Johnson, then tt doesnt know Richard Vietnam situation. His deep concern and is to distinguish the true from the false Nixon or Nelson Rockefeller. A peace-at­ his courageous personal initiative reflect optnlon, the factious demagogue from the almot:lt-any-prtce President ts not going to be the anxiety of all Americans who seek grumbling but sincere patriot, and to recog­ elected. answers to their confusion about the war. nize with a ready instinct the voice which 4--The opinion polls show growing public comes from the depths of the great heart of support for the President, for staying the I include the article in the Lowell Sun the people, tn warning tt may be some times, course tn Vietnam, and reflect awareness that on Mr. Gile's efforts in the RECORD for tn encouragement, often, but always echoing the war may not be over for quite a time. publication: its abiding faith tn the ultimate triumph of There 1s nothing in the state of American LAWRENCE FATHER ON SECOND TRIP TO the good cause." opinion or in the state of American politics VIETNAM "The only possible hope for the South," to suggest that a contrived delay in serious ended St1lle, in a return to the Civil War, "is (By Warren Carlson) Vietnam negotiation~ untll after the presi­ in our own divisions." dential election wm make it easier for Hanoi LAWRENCE.-"! firmly believe we belong in On this note Lincoln concluded his read­ to get concessions by talking it is not getting Vietnam, but I've got to be there," explains ing on the Peninsula War to Senator Brown­ by fighting. Joseph T. Gile. ing. Although the account dealt with an­ I put the foregoing assessment just as "Maybe I can come home to my wife and other time when a great power sent troops forthrightly as possible because I believe tt say no, he did not die in vain." to a faraway land to contain a hostile and reflects reality and because I am convinced Gile's son, Marine Pfc. Joseph T. Glle Jr., aggressive ideology backed by a dedicated that delay tn beginning serious peace talks was killed by a sniper's bullet at Da Nang. army, Lincoln found its "lessons" somehow ts not good. There ts absolutely no reason The elder Glle made an unsuccessful trip relevant for his time. to Vietnam last year three months after his Maybe he needed them to renew his cour­ why the U.S. should welcome or court delay son's death. age. Someone had taken a shot at the Presi­ for its own sake. "I have to go," Gile said. "I had to go dent while he was riding in the woods. There­ One reason no harm can come from nego­ before to get the answers, and I have to after he began to watch his personal move­ tiations during the next few months-if go now because I came home a saddened ments more carefully. Hanoi wants to undertake them under and frustrated father and American." equally fair condtttons-i~ that those who Glle, a 43-year-old disabled veteran of intimately know the President's thinking on World War II, was to leave Boston's Logan Vietnam and what its defense means to the International Airport today for a few days' future peace of the world know he ts not stopover in Honolulu before proceeding to Hanoi Peace Now going to sell out South Vietnam at any price, Saigon. including being President another four years. Gile's plane departed at 9 a.m. HON. RAY J. MADDEN Time 1s running out for Hanoi. In 1965 "I am going to Saigon with a briefing from it was winning the war and saw no reason to the Marine Corps and the blessings of the OF INDIANA talk peace. In 1966 there was a 37-day truce in the bombing of North Vietnam but no South Vietnamese people in Washington. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Maybe this year I'll get the answers I willlngnet;~s to negotiate. In 1967 the co­ Monday, January 22, 1968 chairmen of the Geneva Conference, Russia's have to get. I want to see the war, the Alexei Kosygin and Britain's Harold Wllson, soldiers, the Marines, the fighting men. I Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, news­ tried to induce Hanoi to talk peace; they have to get their view of the whole thing," papers and television devote four-fifths were spurned. And now in 1968 the North Gile said. of their space and time to publicize the Vietnamese are talking about winning the He said he "hopes to see for myself whether comments of the President's critics on war in the United States even if they are the new civ111an adininil3tration in Saigon is war policy. losing it in Vietnam. working for the people. And maybe I'll be able to see for myself whether these six The following editorial, by Roscoe Don't be too surprised 1f Hanoi decides to negotiate sooner rather than later. years of fighting have been worthwhile." Drummond, is about the best common­ "I pray to God this year will not be a sense I have read lately: repeat of my last trip," said Gile, who is a WHY HANOI SHOULD MOVE FOR PEACE Now district commander of the Veterans of For­ WASHINGTON.-If Hanoi COUld open its eign Wars. mind to the political realities ln the United Lawrence Father on Second Trip to The trip last year was a flop. Gile explains: States, it would open serious peace talks on Vietnam "Everything went wrong from the begin­ Vietnam soon-instead of delaying them. ning. It started out all wrong. The odds are that the recent signal from "I lost my luggage, landing in Saigon with Hanoi 1s a tentative feeler to find out how two shirts and a pair of pants." much it can get for nothing. But I suggest we HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE The only room he could find was in a ought not to be surprised 1f North Vietnam OF MASSACHUSETTS hotel where nobody spoke English. "A real suddenly does whatever is necessary to get IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hole in the wall that place was, with a rat negotiations under way. Monday, January 22, 1968 and lizard for company." Perhaps the probab111ty 1s that this won't After·two days of dysentery and desperate happen, but it would be a grave Inistake for Mr. MORSE of Massachusetts. Mr. for a decent meal, Gile started posing as an the U.S. to allow itself to be surprised by a Speaker, there is in Lawrence, Mass., a American officer to eat in an officers' mess. January 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 585 A major spotted him as an imposter. "I long would these people be allowed their know what was in the minds of those men confessed, and this man took pity on me. freedom, or perhaps their very existence, who laid the foundation for the Federal He asked me where I wanted to go and I when expressing such militant disapproval government o! these United States. said Da Nang, where my boy died." of the actions of those countries? Would But we do know that a major result o! The major managed to get Glle on a these "peace marchers" have their own their efforts was the establishment of three tllght to Cam Ranh Bay, two-thirds of the country stand idly by while one country separate branches of government. The Execu­ way to Da Nang, but one could get no after another falls beneath Communist rule? tive ... Legislative and Judicial. farther and hitched a ride back to Saigon on It appears that they would l They carry on It's distinctly probable that the Founding a truck convoy. their "Peace Pickets" while television cam­ Fathers realized that . . . in the years to He returned to the United States six days eras grind away, recording for all to see their come ... the Executive and the Legislative after he left it, "a disappointed man, a dis­ demonstrations of "love of country." Many branches would . . . from time to time . . . heartened man because I did not achieve of the protestors are young, and, given time, find themselves in conflict. That ... indeed any of my objectives." will perhaps develop into responsible Ameri­ . • . the two would engage in power struggles Glle, owner of a barbecue stand, has a can citizens . . . for this we must hope and with each attempting to become the domi­ wife and three children in Lawrence. How pray. But meanwhile they are doing irrepa­ nant branch of government. do they feel about the six-week trip? rable damage to our country. And ... we have seen this to be true as the "They are my family. They know I have Our country is being destroyed from nation has experienced periods where the to go and without their support and love within, and far too many of us who are not Legislative branch ... the Congress ... ap- I'd really not have a reason, would I?" said actively involved in our country's destruc­ peared dominant ... and similar periods Glle. tion, sit by watching with an apathetic eye. when the reverse was true. Those few Americans who openly and vigor­ It would probably be fair to say that one ously express their disgust at the Anti-Amer­ role foreseen for the Supreme Court was that ican movement are branded as fanatics or of an arbiter ... a balancing force applying Has Anybody Seen a Patriot 1 crackpots. People look at them as if they constitutional means to see that its fellow were wearing a scarlet letter. If patriots are branches ... Executive and Legislative ... HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE now considered !anatics and crackpots, remained more or less in equal balance. then .•. Long live the fanatics and crack­ But possibly unforeseen in the shaping of OF TEXAS pots, and may their ranks grow in number. the new government 192 years ago was the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES possibility that the high court itself might Monday, January 22, 1968 seek to become dominant among the three branches of government. That it might use Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Crime and the Judiciary-11 its authority to interpret the Constitution Mrs. James A. "Eddie" Black, of Wor­ to assume legislative powers in addition to tham, Tex., a constituent of mine, has its judicial powers. written an article which, in her words HON. PAUL G. ROGERS Thus .•• no machinery was made available "says something which she feels needs for either the Executive or the Legislative OF FLORIDA . . . or both working together ... to curb the to be said." She is a young woman with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an evident burning patriotism of the excesses in which the court might someday Monday, January 22, 1968 indulge. type which has seen our country through However ... such machinery is available to many crises. I am sure that people like Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, the people of the nation through amending her will help bring this country through during the last session I made some re­ the Constitution. its present trying times. marks on crime and the judiciary, and It is not a method which should be under­ The article follows: indicated that I would bring additional taken lightly ... or too frequently ... other­ HAs ANYBODY SEEN A PATRIOT? information before the House from time wise that document could become a confus­ to time. ing collection of inconsistent and conflicting (By Eddie Black) provisions more subject to the whims of the Has anybody seen a patriot? Probably a Crime is perhaps the number one do­ moment than to serious interpretation. little help wm be needed in locating one. mestic crisis today. The Nation is faced But ... nonetheless ... should the balance Webster defines a patriot as "one who loves with criminal activity that ranges from of government ever tip too far toward the his country and zealously supports its au­ purse snatching and petty larceny to in­ court ... that method is available to set thority and interests." What has become of ternational crime cartels which corrupt things right again. good old-fashioned patriotism? It has given even the most circumspect public insti­ way, for the most part, to apathy on the part of the American people, and also to tutions. mi11tant and open treason. Hardly a day The House has passed a number of im­ passes that we fall to hear of a protest march portant anticrime bills thus far in the Buffalo Sets Pace With Pioneer Plan To either directed toward the administrators 90th Congress. I am hopeful that the Put Hard-Core Unemployed To Work of our country, or our ,stand in Vietnam or Senate will soon act on them. An alarmed the poverty problem in this country, ad in­ public is giving more needed support to finitum. Do the participants in these spec­ police forces. Yet the responsibility for HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI tacles meet the definition of "patriot?" Em­ the rising crime rate, and the solution to phatically and obviously they do not! Indeed, OF NEW YORK their actions fulfill our Constitution's de­ this vital problem, cannot be found only finition of treason, which is: "Treason against in looking at the police forces, or the so­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the United States shall consist only in levy­ cial ills of the cities, or any of the other Monday, January 22, 1968 ing war against them or in adhering to their easy and obvious places. We must also enemies, giving them aid and comfort." look to the judicial system itself. Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, finding Just imagine what comfort it must give the I ask that an editorial by Bill Gordon, jobs for hard-core unemployed is one of North Vietnamese, not to mention the Red the most pressing responsibilities of our Chinese and Soviets, when they hear of the news director of TV station WPTV, Palm American people rebelllng against their own Beach, be printed here in the RECORD. It communities today. government l The Preamble to the Constitu­ states a real and present danger to our It is not an easy task, but I am proud tion states that the Constitution itself was American form of government which is a to say that in my home city of Buffalo, written by the people of the United States part of the crime problem. Local, State, N.Y., the business leadership and the "in order to form a more perfect union, es­ and Federal courts, with the encourage­ minority community leadership are tablish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, ment of the Supreme Court, have too working as a team to seek out jobs for provide for the common defense, promote often abandoned their legitimate role of hard-to-place unemployed. the general welfare and secure the blessings of Uberty for ourselves and our posterity." a balancing force and defenders of free­ Indeed, the Chamber of Commerce of Yet these American citizens who so dom and instead attempted to set them­ the United States has cited the Buffalo strongly oppose our country are quick to selves up a.s executive and legislative program to chambers of commerce make use of the freedoms that permit them branches a.s well as judicial. They have throughout the Nation as exemplary in to express their opinions. And they use these too often tried to legislate a nonmorality helping "those who want to work, those freedoms to humiliate the United States of and enforce it on the Nation without the who need training, and those who might America before the whole world. Are these consent of the people. be employable if properly trained.'' the actions of patriots, of people who possess The editorial follows: a love of country? So our democracy is 1m­ The Buffalo project known as "JET"­ perfect l But is there a more perfect one on THE Bn.L GORDON REPORT Jobs, education, and training-is oper­ the face of the earth? For in the very nations We cannot ... of course ... at ·this late ated by Opportunities Development which these people "aid and comfort", how date ... some 192 years later ... pretend to Corp., created by 44 Buffalo area busi- CXIV-38-Part 1 586 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 nesses which contributed $40,000 toward ready being carried .out by business com­ The JET trainees were recruited. Af,ter the first year's operating expenses. munity and governmental agencies. preliminary testing and counseling by JET Results-The program has shown these staff, the trainees Me immediately placed on In citing the Buffalo program to its results: jobs. They are paid the regular wage scale members, the U.S. Chamber said it pro­ 1. TP-e ODC, through its formation and by employers. The employers agree to allow vides useful how-to-do-it advice, par­ subsequent active participation in commu­ the JET employee to take two hours out of ticularly in these areas: nity employment problems, has demonstrated his work day to be tutored in reacllng, writ­ First. No job program should promise that the business leadership and minority ing, and arithmetic. If poss.ible, the education more than it can deliver. It is imperative community leadership can work together to is rel!llted to the employee's job. Instruction that a careful inventory of job oppor­ achieve common goals. Through their mu­ is designed to cover a period of 44 weeks and tunities be made before any commitment tual actions a meaningful communication raise the education level of the employee to has been developed between the minority at least the eighth grade level. is made on the number of people who can community and business leadership. The employer pays the employee for the be helped. Serious problems have devel.:. 2. To fulfill their aim to provide job train­ time he is receiving instruction. The wages oped in some areas where the unem­ ing, ODC conceived and sponsored a program are reimbursed to the employer by JET. It ployed have been promised more than of job placement and training called JET. is significant to note that some employers could be expected. This program is such a significant part of don't request reimbursement. Those em­ Second. A job program should clearly ODC that it will be described in full during ployers who are not able to allow instruction differentiate between two distinctly dif­ the discussion of the development of ODC. do permit counselors to give supportive ferent problems; school-youth unem­ 3. Through the JET program, 760 area services. men have been placed in jobs, 290 of whom OTHER ODC PROGRAMS-Although ployment in t!W summer, and hard-core were previously on welfare. It is estimated much attention has been devoted to JET, unemployment resulting from inadequate that by placing welfare recipients in jobs as the first operaJtional. program, it must be skills and education. It is one thing to between $800,000 and $900,000 have beeri kept in m!nd that it is only one effort, and offer a summer job to a student who saved in welfare costs. not the sole purpose of ODC. will return to school in the fall, it is an­ Program development--In 1964, the Buf­ Having developed JET, and spun off its other matter to offer a part-time or falo Area Chamber of Commerce formed a operation, ODC is now concentrating on an temporary job to persons who want Job Opportunities Council. The purpose of exploration of ohter methods which might the Council was to talk about ways that the be employed to achieve the corporation permanent employment. Chamber might assist low-income people at­ pUTp<>se. Third. A job program, no matter how tain jobs. The members of the Council met For example, ODC identified t~ansporta­ successful it may be, is no guarantee of with a group of Negro ministers from Buffalo tion as a major impediment to employment community harmony. There is not neces­ to try to get a better idea of the needs of the of the ghetto unemployed. Therefore, the sarily a correl'Bition between unemploy­ minority community. staff has developed a proposal for a transpor­ ment and riots. People who promote job After a series of meetings, the delegation tation projoot. programs as a guarantee of community of ministers submitted a proposal to the Job POSSIDLE AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT­ Opportunities Council which called for the Community support is a necessary ingredient harmony may be left embarrassed. Chamber to contribute $40,000 to construct Fourth. Some individuals who would for program acceptance. People should be a building in the ghetto area. The building cautioned against making flamboyant an­ be hired in a job program totally lack was to be used as a community center. The nouncements and promdses. However, realis­ employment experience. Hence, counsel­ Board of Directors of the Chamber gave pre­ tic promotional efforts should be made to ing, education, training, special atten­ liminary approval to the allocation of $40,000. gain confidence and make the people aware tion, and encouragement may be In the meantime, some of the Board mem­ that programs are being conducted on their bers held further discussions with repre­ behalf. necessary. sentatives from the NAACP and the Urban Fifth. Solving unemployment problems League. These representatives indicated that A corollary of community support is visible requires team effort on the part of busi­ the real need was for meaningful employ­ involvement by the key business leadership. nessmen and the chamber of coiillllerce. ment, not for a building. The appropriations Tb1s is best achieved by having the key busi­ This task, however, should not be at­ of the $40,000 was delayed while meetings nessmen assocd.ated with the program sell it were held on the suggestion to develop a to their fellow businessmen. tempted by the businessmen and the KEY FACTORS TO SUCCESS-The major chamber alone. All elements of the com­ job program. The representatives of the Civil Rights groups joined the Chamber members benefit of ODC cirted by all the members of munity-labor, churches, schools, gov-. and ministers for these meetings. the corporation, and other persons inter­ ernment, the poor themselves-have im­ Out of the sessions, plans for the Oppor­ Vil.ewed, is the personal commitment of the portant contributions to make. To act on tunities Development Corporation (ODC) key commund.ty leaders. This commitment any other basis invites failure. were 9eveloped. It was decided that a non­ has enabled communications to be opened Mr. Speaker, since there is wide in­ profit corporation consisting of an equal between groups tha.t were previously un­ terest in ways to deal with hard-core number of members from both the Chamber familiar wd th each other. unemployment, I am including with my and the Negro organizations would be the The avenues of communication, opened by best vehicle for launching a job program. A ODC, have been extremely valuable to the remarks, the chamber's summary of the separate group would be able to draw on the community, pal'lttl.cularly during the mcia.l operation of our JET program in Buffalo: strengths of its contributing organizations tensions experienced in the city in the sum­ SUMMARY OF JET PROGRAM BY OPPORTUNITIES without being held back by any policies of mer of 1967. DEVELOPMENT CORP., BUFFALO, N.Y. the present organizations. Despite the difficulties experienced in the The Opportunities Development Corpora­ Program operation-By design, the ODC JET program, the Negro community has tion is a non-profit corporation whose pri­ is a joint planning body to develop com­ fought hard to support and maintain it. mary goal 1s to unify and coordinate exist­ munity programs related to job training Community leaders say that this is because ing services toward the training and employ­ and placement. The first year operation of ODC allowed the civil rights leadership to ment of the area's economically deprived. In the ODC was financed by $40,000 raised develOP, the program themselves. this way it seeks to achieve maximum man­ through contributions from Chamber mem­ The local government has given an im­ power utmzation in the Buffalo area. ber firms. portapt show of support. In addition to ver­ Objectives-ODe attempts to place the The ODC hired. as executive director a bal expressions of support, the Mayor's office disadvantaged in jobs . by committing the Negro, with many years of experience in the has hired twelve JET trainees. financial resources of business to study and New York Sta.te Employmerut Servi-ce, to Transferab111ty of the program-The implement solutions. ODC means to solve develop and coordinate pla.nning. concept of OCD.-the establishment of a. the hard-core unemployment problem by: ODC members jointly developed a program bi-racial board to evaluate community so­ 1. Determining the present and future to meet employment needs. The result was cial needs--could be readily transferred to needs of industrial and business groups with a proposal for Project JET (Jobs, Education other communities. The specific programs the goal of securing skilled and semi-skilled and Treining) . of ODC, like JET, might not be.applicable to employment for the unskilled unemployed, JET was designed as a research and dem­ every city because community needS differ. particularly members of minority groups. onstration project, financed by the fedeml. However, every community should have some 2. Establishing a program for up-grading government, to assist 1,000 chronically un­ mechanism for communication between var­ the employment levels of those already em­ employed heads of households to secure and ious community interest groups. ployed. maintain employment. The method was a Key contacts-Dr. Alan Bush, Execu­ 3. Conceiving and impiementing remedial, special form of on-the-job training. Before tive Director, Opportunities Development educational, training and re-training pro­ enrollees were recruited for the progr.a.m., Corporation; Donald Lee, Director Of Proj­ grams for members of these groups. local universities tr.aJ.ned tutors to work with ect JET; Robert Bennett, Buffalo Area. 4. Gathering and distributing information them. The tutors, who had to be a.t least high Chamber of Commerce, 238 Main Street, Buf­ dealing with existing and anticipated needS school graduates or h,ave some college ex­ falo, New York 14202; Miss Patricia A. Gold­ and procedures in this project. perience, were given intensdve six week man, Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., 1615 5. Being a unifying factor in efforts al- COU1'6eS. H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. January 22, 1968- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 587 Reports and documentation available-­ would· surprise . few people if it happened splendors. For example, one of its leading "Chain of Hope" by Jack Dawson in again. industries has been known, several times, University Review (Winter/Spring 1967, Vol. If the Postoffice. suffers from too little to receive mail addressed to "Fruit Cake, 1, No. 2) a publication of the State Univer­ modernization, it is pained by too much Texas." There is logic in the fact, ·for Corsi­ sity of New York. politics. As a matter of fact, the excesses of cana is the home of the Collin Street Bakery, politics accounts for a good share of its back­ which sells more fruit cakes ·annually (1.55 wardness. millions pounds a year) than any institu­ O'Brien ha.s proposed to take politics out tion in the world (and which, to compound of the postal department and turn its opera­ the confusion~ is not located on Collin Postal Reorganization tion over to a small government corporate Street). panel modeled after the Tennessee Vall~y Quite as confusingly, Corsicana is not Authority (TVA). Congress has been cool to a peanut center. Yet the Tom Huston Pea­ HON. ROBERT W. ~ASTENMEIER t):le idea because some representatives enjoy nut Company is an important industry here. OF WISCONSllf rewarding poUtieal friends with postmaster It manufactures potato chips. Simllarly, no IN THE HOUSE OF REPRES~NTATIVES appointments in their districts. oats are grown for domestic consumption Looking ahead, a report is due in April hereabouts, yet Quaker Oats is a major em­ Monday, January~ 22, 1968 from a special Commission on Postal Re­ ployer. Quaker makes fine, Texas-style chili Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, organization which is conducting "the most in Corsicana, and H. Allen Smith may make searching ·and exhaustive review ever under­ the most of it. giving credit where it is due,the Madison, taken!' of the Postomce. The report will cer­ CorsicananS' delight in the fact that two Wis., State Journal has saluted the tainly merit close public scrutiny because it major oil companies were born wl.thin their postal service for the splendid job it did may be the one opportunity to bring postal city limits-the Texas Company (Texaco) in handling the annual Christmas mail service operations into the Twentieth Oen­ and Magnolia Petroleum Company (now avalanche. But despite this achievement, tury. Mobil). It is a fact that the first commer­ the State Journal contends all is not well cial oil refinery in the Southwest was es­ with our mail delivery system. The Post tablished here (in 1899). You will wonder in of course, if oil is still refined in Corsicana, omce is desperately need of modern­ Corsicana : City of Destiny and the answer is yes . . The Paymaster Oil ization, and in a thoughtful editorial of Company of Corsicana refines a goodly quan~ December 27, 1967, the State Journal tity of oil. Cottonseed oil. .. , urges that Postmaster General O'Brien's HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE "Corsicana," says W. D. Wyatt, president proposal to convert the postal service into· OF TEXAS of the First National Bank, "is almost im­ a Government corporation, and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES possible to sum up. I've been here six years and I still can't put my finger precisely on forthcoming report of the President's Monday, January 22, 1968 Commission on Postal Reorganization be what makes it tick. But I do know it ticks. Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, and it ticks lots faster than other cities of given serious attention. similar size. We're unique here ·by circu~­ Mr. Speaker, I insert the editorial in the January 1968 issue of the magazine stances of history and geography-we all the RECORD as follows: Texas Parade .carries an article on Corsi­ know that. But there's something else in cana, Tex., county seat of Navarro Corsicana that nobody, myself included, can THE 20TH-CENTURY POSTAL SERVICE County, which I represent in Congress. The Christmas mail was delivered-the spell out exactly. I'm tempted to say 'pride' cards, the packages, and all the regular mail. Under leave to extend my remarks, I or 'civic spirit' but it's more than that. It's At least most of the· two billion pieces of wish to include this article: a certainty that we're moving positively to-­ ward something very fine." Banker Wyatt. mail which were handled nationally during CoRSICANA: CITY OF DESTINY who came to Corsicana from Oklaho:tlla via the week before Christmas made it on time Hunkered on the rich and black and pros­ Paris, Te1ta.S; is an earnest and persuasive if they were mailed rea8onably early. perous hills of northeast Texas, the many­ spokesman for the delights of his adopt~d It was reported in Madison and across the blest town of Corsicana was ill-prepared for city. Chairman of ·the Chamber Industrial country that the avalanche of holiday mail the yalamity that befell it that day in 1~94. Committee, he relishes the privilege 9f guid­ was handled "with hardly a hitch" although It ·Struck oil. What Corsicana ha.d wanted, see, ing industrial prospects about his town to a late card or a lost package may result in was water. It had hired the Mssrs. Johnston, point out the joys of location there. "I am," a different evaluation by an individual citi­ Aiken & Rittersbacher for one purpose only: he says, "an objective advocate of Corsicana." zen. to slake its exploding population's need for He is, in this -respect, like some 23,000 fel­ Postomces nationally and in Madison de­ water. Corsican·a's leaders therefore raised low Corsicanans. All of them take intens4it serve commendation for their accomplish­ the dickens on learning that oil, not the cool pride in their city and all of them seem ment-a job apparently well done. It was a c!ear, had been encountered at 1,035 ·f.eet. equipped to detail its charms. Yet an of them truly amazing accomplishment-another "We had contracted for water," they said are objective, and none is loathe to point out miracle of Christmas-to get t'he mail de­ imperiously, "and water we'll have." Dis­ a foible or folly. "We've go~ so much going livered in 1967 with outdated methods, equip­ gruntled drlllers accordingly bored down an for us," says a waitress, "that we don't need ment, and facilities. additional 1,445 feet, sealed off the well from to brag. And we don't need to hide anything, It was aptly termed "a Nineteenth Century such noisome impurities as oil and gas, a.I}d either." success." The U.S. Postoffice is making com­ collected a nominal fee. The city of Corsicana. A case in point: Behind the Collin Street mendable efforts to modernize, but is strain­ has not wanted for water since. Bakery fiows a Trinity River tributary, Mes­ ing to the breaking point under what has It has not wanted, it is worth noting, for merizer's Creek. Its name is admittedly been termed as decades of technological oil, either. Historians tell us that somewhere strange. Corsicanans, though, rejoice in the neglect. The man who says it loudest is the within the foregoing tablea-q occurred the nomenclature. During the first oil boom (as postmaster general himself, Lawrence F. notable mistake by whose consequences the opposed to the second or the anticipated O'B-rien. world most often assesses Tex~. Here, Texas third), they will tell you, a hypnotist hit "If we ran our telephone service this way," oil was born. Here, specifically, began the oil town. He swore he could use. hypnosis to O'Brien quipped about the Postoffice, "the industry west of the Mississippi-a river the make the buffalo of the surrounding country­ carrier pigeon business would have a great east of which has never been known as oil side as gentle as lady Longhorns. A herd of future." By comparison, the Postoffice sys­ country, exactly. buffalo-some say 50, some say a hundred, tem has f-ailed to keep up with the rest of Here, ageless oil came of age. Corsicana's and some say a passel-was driven to a site the communications industry. The postal discovery and development of its petroleum on the creek edging downtown Corsicana. service has been on a treadmill-using tech­ resources bridged oil's two eras-the era of The hypnotist fixed the buffalo with his un­ niques which Benjamin Franklin may have illumination, and the era of energy. At Corsi­ canny eye, muttered a mystic imprecation, questioned--while the volume of mall has cana occurred the first oil boom in Texas and waited. The buffalo were transfixed. For grown so tremendously and continues to history. And at Corsicana occurred the last all of a second. Then they stampeded, knock­ grow. one-or at least the last uncontrolled one: ing down nearly every jerry-built building in Back in the early days of the country, the Here, as a result, the first effort was made booming Corsicana. The creek whence they average citizen received infrequent corre­ to conserve the on riches underlying Texas. panicked (as did the hypnotist forevermore) spondence. Today the annual volume is 83 For what it's worth, oil still pumps more is known to this day as Mesmerizer's. · billion letters and parcels, an average of 415 than $10 million annually into Corsicana's Buildings in Corsicana are no longer jerry­ for every American. Just two years ago when economy. And for what it's worth, many Cor­ built. Its downtown is spruced-up and mod­ O'Bri·en took over, the aver.ag.e was only 365. sicanans say we've seen nothing yet. Major ern, with scarcely .a vacant storefront to be And in the next 20 years, the volume is ex­ oil companies are now exploring the deeps seen anywhere. Nor are downtown merchants pected to increase by at least 75 per cent­ beneath the Corsicana area's already-dis­ especially bothered by the eminent certainty if the Postomc-e Departm·ent manages to sur­ covered ollfields in the. optimistic hope that of a maJor shoppi:q~ center at town's edge. vive that long. It was only a little more than there's more yet to be tapped. "There's plenty of room for competition in one year ago that the nailj.~-up in Chicago · Yet Corsicana is not an oil town. lt .defies this town," says a downtown clothier, su­ piled up 10 mm~on pieces of mail and it so easy a designation, for it is a place of many premely confident. Among reasons for confi- 588 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 22, 1968 dence downtown: Both Corsicana's two biggest one of the 1920s when gushers began oake without An Equal" was fir&t discovered downtown banks (there's a third at down­ coming in at about 3,500 feet, on a single by circus performers and other show people town's hem) have major bullding programs day, November 13 in 1923, the Powell field a who played prosperous Corsicana at century's underway. The Corsicana Sun has purchased few miles from Corsicana yielded 354,893 bar­ turn. And it was they who first spread its a huge tract for a new downtown plant to be, rels of oil). And happily, many of the for­ fame by word-of-mouth, and by ordering according to its young publisher, "commen­ tunes remained in the town to benefit others. Corsicana fruit oakes for Christmas gifts. surate with the certain growth of this city." A number of wealthy oil men set up philan­ Fittingly, the Ringling Bros.-Barnum & One of the most beautiful libraries ln the thropic trusts for .the welfare of Oorsicanas, Bailey Circus stlll sends a large order every state has just opened its doors in downtown with the result that many communt.ty im­ Christmas. And when the Texa.s Historical Corsicana. And other developments, such as provements are due wholly or partly to the Survey Commission unveiled a commemora­ a striking new YMCA complex and a new generosity and foresight of those wealthy tive plaque at the famed bakery not long ago, Chamber of Commerce headquarters are near petroleum pioneers. Other causes have bene­ it was Wlll Rogers, Jr., who headllned. the reality at the core of Corsicana. fited, too. More than 200 Corsicanans, for event. "My dad prized Corsicana's fruit Away from the brisk and heavlly-tramcked instance, have received 4-year college sc:qolar­ cake," he said, "about as much as he did its heart of Corsicana, there's evidence aplenty shlps so fa.r from just one of several endow­ chill." too, of the city's. vitality. New homes spring ments left by crusty old Jim Colllns--who Chill and fruit cakes are only a hint of the up dally in any of several fine subdivisions had only five years of schooling, himself. remarkable diversity of Corsicana industry. being developed amidst the gentle, oak-clad Oorsicana is nestled alongside the Bal­ Dr. Pepper and Coke bottles are manufac­ rises outlying older Corsicana. A handsome cones Fault Line that impounds the oils of tured here by the Chattanooga Glass Com­ new $3.5 milllon high school will be ready the Woodblnd Sands. Once Jim comns pany, a major employer. Adam's hats are for occupancy in 1969 as a result of a recent brought in a dry hole. "Was lt the Balcones made in Corsicana, as are Tex-Sun gloves. bond issue voted by an overwhelming ma­ Fault?" he was asked. "Hell no," he replied, Bricks, gypsum products, furniture, men's jority. it was my own damn f·aultl" slacks, cotton duck materials, iron castings, Corsicana High School is famous for the Another time, though, Jim Colllns lllus­ television aerials, picture frames, and lee football players it furnishes to southwest trated just as forcefully that he was nobody's cream products are manufactured here. Yet Conference schools, currently having more fool. A promoter approached the wealthy leaders believe that Corsicana's greatest in­ graduates holding football scholarships than oilman With a surefire business scheme re­ dustrial growth is yet to come as more and any town its size in the state. One of the quiring his investment of a few hundred­ more industries are migrating to well-located more famous was Bobby Wilson, quarterback thousand dollars., "And I guarantee that in smaller cities. In anticipation of this seem­ for S.M.U. when the Mustangs played in the a year's time you'll have your money back," ing certainty, the Chamber of Commerce has Rose Bowl. the promoter promised. "Friend," Jim Colllns organized the Corsicana Industrial Founda­ A new wing has just been added to the replied calmly, "I have my money now!" tion which, in cooperation with the Cotton city's fine county hospital (a splendid new Not all the oldtime Corsicanans were as Belt Railway (one of four trunk lines con­ clinic nearby is modem as tomorrow, boast­ colorful as Jim Colllns, but many of them necting Corsicana with suppliers and mar­ ing, among other things, bee-hives in the matched his philanthropy. Frank Drane left kets), has developed a new industrial district glass walls of children's waiting rooms to several milllon dollars in trust for com­ that is ideally situated for rail and truck occupy tots' attention as they await treat­ munity benefits; the new $450,000 science access. (Six major highways, including Inter­ ment). New construction is constantly un­ building at Navarro Junior College is just state 45, criss-cross Corsicana; the city is derway, it seems, at Navarro Junior College, one result. Bessie I. Hoffstetter's fortune has served by three motor freight lines. And noted as one of the finest and most complete benefited area churches, orphanages, and has when the Trinity River canalization project fac111ties of its type in North Texas. provided low-interest college loans for more becomes a reality, no city in Texas can boast It was mentioned earlier Corsicana has not than 100 Corsicana youths. "This sort of a location more ideal. Meantime, Corslcanans wanted for water since that unwanted oil example has made a tremendous impact on have reason to be grateful for the Trinity's well was drllled ln 1894. For municipal sup­ all Corsicana citizens," says Banker Wyatt. proximity as it and tributaries have con­ plies there are now three nearby lakes-­ "They're more charitable, it seems, than the tributed several large and well-developed Corsicana, Halbert, and Navarro Mills-which people of some other places. Our United lakes within a half-hour's drive.) have a total capacity of more than 519,000 Fund drives, for instance, always exceed their Still, Corsicana is not putting an its eggs acre feet. The plant's treatment capacity now goals, and the 1967 goal was $100,000. And into the attractive basket of industrializa­ stands at SO milllon gallons dally-some six our people are generous-which isn't to say tion. Much of its economy is stlll rooted in times peak dally consumption in a recent spendthrift-in such things as passing bond the lucrative agriculture of the surrounding year. issues when there's a genuine need for im­ blacklands, whose beef cattle, cotton, corn, Coreicana's growth has been sure and provements. And I think this overall atti­ small grains, dairy products and poultry steady from the moment of its begin·ning as tude of trying to make Corsicana a better account for some $20 milllon of the county's a stagecoach stop on the Houston-to-Dallas place traces right back to the example of annual income. The average Navarro County run. Convenient transportation and easy ac­ those oldtlmers who chose to give something farm now surveys out at around 365 acres-­ cess has been, and remains, a prime factor back to their community." sharply up from a couple of decades ago, re­ in the cl·ty's robust economy. As early as 1871 Will Rogers once said, "You can judge flecting the national trend of fewer but Corsicana was a mil center. By the 1880s, the character of a town by the quality of its larger farms. Annual income from agricul­ four railroads had converged on Corsicana chill." And he added, "Corsicana, Texas, has ture is about evenly divided between farm and oldtlmers recall a time when 25 passenger some of the finest chili in the world." He was products and livestock operations. trains dally stopped here. Corsicana was a speaking of that marvelous bowl of red you Aggressive Corsicana merchants intend to boom town long before it became an oil town. could get at the old Blue Front Saloon for a see that the city remains a commercial cen­ In 1890 it had an 800-seat opera house, two nickel a bowl in the early 1920s. The ch111 ter for a trade area with a population of dally newspapers, and many commercial busi­ was a concoction of one Lyman Jones, who about 150,000 prosperous folks. nesses. So certain were Corslcanans of their hit Corsicana in 1895 with 25 cents, parlayed Nevertheless, Corsicana leadership looks enviable position in the economy and affairs a dish washing job into part-ownership of a primarily to indut:~try for its future growth of Texas that they could reasonably complain chill parlor, made a fortune 1n oil on the side possib111tles. And it is doing a good job of at oil's discovery in 1894: they were in the but never stopped making chill. In 192'1 his making itself attractive to industrial pros­ midst of a population explosion, and the product had achieved sumclent fame and pects, too. The city won first place among newcomers certainly couldn't drink oil! praise that he decided to start canning it. A cities of similar population in the Texas Nevertheless, the reality of oil and its sub­ colorful character, Jones decided that the Manufacturers Association's 1967 competi­ sequent development at Corsicana is indica­ product would honor his pet wolf, "Kaiser tion on recognition of local lndul:ltry during tive, historically, of an ebullient, can-do Bill." Wolf Brand Ch111 was born, and it was Texas Industrial Week. "Even as we beat the spirit that imbues the town to this hour. quite literally a "howling" success from the bushes for new industries," a Chamber of Actually, the discovery of oil in the 1890s start. To promote the product, Jones Commerce staffer says, "we like to recognize was not, in itself, so exciting a matter. There equipped his traveling salesmen with Model the ones that are already here, and to let were few markets then for on, fewer yet for Ts modified to resemble a Wolf Brand Ch111 them know they're appreciated." unrefined crude. What distingUishes Corsi­ can. And in the rear of each vehicle was a live Such an attitude can be a 2-way street, cana in the saga of o111s that its leaders had caged wolf. Sales soared. and the Chamber has an impressive file of the moxie to arrange the establishment of Today the product, made in Corsicana 1n "fan letters" from enterprll:les who have a refinery to process their plentiful crude. a subsidiary plant of Quaker oats Co. and chosen Corsicana as a plant location. One of This courageous "first" for Texas and its still bearing Kaiser Bill's picture, 1s adver­ these, from a vice president of Texas Miller foremost industry soon led to many another: tised more sedately. But it still draws atten­ Products, Inc., which manufactures Adam Oorsica.na can lay historic claim to the tion to Corsicana. No more so, though, than hats, capsules nicely the reaction of many Southwest's :first sustained commercial does the succulen·t fruit cake that is shipped top executives to Corsicana. Addressed to a production of oil, the world's first rotary throughout the world-customers include pro13pective industrialist, the letter said: drilling rig, the first oil for paving, the first some who reside behind the Iron Curtain­ "Prior to deciding on Corsicana, we sur­ oil for locomotive fuel-and also the state's from Corsicana. No wolves account for its veyed a large area in central and eastern flrst natural gas for lights and heat. success, but a pack about as colorful does. Texas, looked at many possible sites, and Fortunes, of course, were made during The invention of a German lmmlgrant, Gus talked with groups from many cities and Corsicana's first shallow-oil boom and the Weidmann, "The Original DeLuxe, the Fruit towns. In all earnestness, and not just to ,January 23, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 589 vindicate our judgment, it can truthfully be a considerable testimonial," says one banker, in Corsicana. It is aware enough of its past said if we had it to do over again, it l:ltill 'for Harte-Hanks doesn't locate anywhere that it honors, in a memorial, not only fa­ would be Corsicana. The city is large enough that chances aren't very good tor growth." mous personages and sites but a race horse to afford a good labor supply, and draws Jerry Strader, the organization's Corsicana as well-a famous steed named "Charlie M." labor from many surrounding small com­ publisher, couldn't agree more. "Our group who was discovered pulllng a wagon, was munities. It is close enough to the Dallas­ looks over a property and the community it trained to race in three gaits, never lost a Fort Worth area to afford the advantages serves very, very carefully and tor a long race, and died at 26. His monument reads: and industrial conveniences of a large city, time before it makes a move. We did this in "Charlie M., as honest a horse as the sun and yet just far enough away to constitute Corsicana's case, too, and we liked what we ever shone on." But Corsicana is aware a l:leparate labor market. Utillties in Cor­ saw. And since moving here, we're even more enough of its certain future that leaders sicana are good, and the companies most impressed--enough oo that we're investing can seriously contemplate, as they now do, cooperative. Transportation fac111ties are ex­ heavily in a new plant to be operating within the establishment there of an oU museum cellent. Labor is hard working, emcient, in­ a year. I believe Corsicana is on the verge of as the core of an extensive oil research dependent thinking, and cooperative. As a tremendous and dramatic growth, and I'm complex. "Can you think of a more logical general rule workers learned rapidly-and just delighted to be a part of it. It's a won­ place?" asks one of the planners. our turnover has been about 75 per cent derful place to live, the folks are friendly Thus confidently does Corsicana sprawl less than in some of our comparable eastern and progressive, and a fellow just wants to upon its bountiful hills, secure in a past factories, truly a remarkable experience I Liv­ help the town realize its destiny." that's storied and a future that's secure. On ing conditions are good here. We found it Meander the sidewalks of Corsicana and the court house lawn a statue of the Texas necestJary to move in some trained executive you'll find many ~SUCh expressions of affection patriot, Jose Antonio Navarro, seems ad­ personnel, all of whom are well satisfied and for the historic place, and confidence in its mirably to express this confidence with eyes happy with the relocation. Educational fa­ future. Drive through its lovely residential scanning far horizons. Although the county cUlties are excellent, and the town is pro­ districts on wide streets pleasantly canopied was named for him (and the city was named gressive and forward-thinking." by an amazing variety of trees, past modern at his request to honor the homeland, the Such testimonials have attracted many schools and well-kept parks (in one of which island of Corsica, of his parents), Old Don newcomers to Corsicana, whose growth has is an extensive collection of restored log Jose never was in the county or its see..t. It been nicely-paced and orderly to now. One of cabins, authentically furnished and seems a pity, for Corsicana and Navarro the newcomers is the highly-regarded Harte­ equipped) and you'll see graphic evidence County now exist as his foremost monu­ Hanks newspaper publishing organization, that Corsicana is indeed a good place to hang ment. It he could see them today, it seems which purchased the venerable Sun-Light your hat--or put down your roots. reasonable to believe that he would be very newspapers not long ago. "That in itself is For there's both peace and excitement proud.

,SENATE-Tuesday, January 23, 1968 The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, President of the United States, which We have always paid lipservice to that and was called to order by the Vice was referred to the Committee on Labor right. President. and Public Welfare: But there are many Americans for Rev. Woodrow W. Kennell, pastor, whom the right has never been real: First Evangelical United Brethren To the Congress of the United States: The boy who becomes a man without Church, Elkhart, Ind., offered the follow­ In this, my first message to the Con­ developing the ability to earn a living. ing prayer: gress following the State of the Union Address, I propose: The citizen who is barred from a job Eternal God, for the universe, our great A $2.1 billion manpower program, the because of other men's prejudices. home, with its vast riches and for the largest in the Nation's history, to help The worker who loses his job to a ma­ manifoldness of the life which teems Americans who want to work get a job. chine, and is told he is too old for any­ upon it, and of which we are a part, we The Nation's first comprehensive Oc­ thing else. give Thee thanks. Thou who hast given cupational Health and Safety Program, The boy or girl from the slums whose liberally to all men in all ages, grant unto to protect the worker while he is on the summers are empty because there is us free and open intercourse between job. nothing to do. ourselves and Thee. Help us to trust THE QUESTION FOR OUR DAY The man and the woman blocked from where we cannot prove. Give us a willing­ Twenty years ago, after a cycle of de­ productive employment by barriers ness to believe our better moments in pression, recovery and war, America rooted in poverty: lack of health, lack spite of all that contradict them. Open faced an historic question: Could we of education, lack of training, lack of our eyes to see our duty to Thee and to launch what President Truman called "a motivation. our fellow men. positive attack upon the ever-recurring Their idleness is a tragic waste both Inspire the men who meet in this problems of mass unemployment and of the human spirit and of the economic Chamber from day to day, that they may ruinous depression"? resources of a great Nation. be the instruments in Thine hand to lit­ That was the goal of the Employment It is a waste that an enlightened Na­ erally make freedom and justice ring for Act of 1946. The answer was a long time tion should not tolerate. all men in this land, and to actually be­ in forming. But today there is no longer It is a waste that a Nation concerned come the harbingers of peace to all the any doubt. by disorders in its city streets cannot world. Grant unto them victory over all We can see the answer in the record tolerate. doubts and fears, and give unto them pa­ of seven years of unbroken prosperity. This Nation has already begun to at­ tience through all darkness and disap­ We can see it in this picture of Amer­ tack that waste. pointments, and be unto them a father ica today: In the years that we have been build­ and an eternal friend. Amen. 75 million of our people are working­ ing our unprecedented prosperity, we in jobs that are better paying and more have also begun to build a network of THE JOURNAL secure than ever before. manpower programs designed to meet Seven and a half million new jobs and match individual needs with in­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask dividual opportunities. unanimous consent that the reading of have been created in the last four years, the Journal of the proceedings of Mon­ more than 5,000 every day. This year will OUR MANPOWER PROGRAM NETWORK day, January 22, 1968, be dispensed with. see that number increased by more than Until just a few years ago, our efforts The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ 1% million. consisted primarily of maintaining em­ In that same period, the unemploy­ ployment offices throughout the country jection, it is so ordered. ment rate has dropped from 5. 7 percent and promoting apprenticeship training. to 3.8 percent-the lowest in more than The Manpower Development Training PROPOSED MANPOWER AND OCCU­ a decade. Act, passed in 1962, was designed to equip PATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY The question for our day is this: in an the worker with new skills when his old PROGRAMS-MESSAGE FROM THE economy capable of sustaining high em­ skills were outdistanced by technology. PRESIDENT (H. DOC. NO. 242) ployment, how can we assure every That program was greatly strengthened The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the American, who is willing to work, the and expanded in 1963, 1965, and again in Senate the following message from the right to earn a living? 1966 to serve the disadvantaged as well.