DOCSLIB.ORG

Union Calendar No. 951

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Union Calendar No. 951 Union Calendar No. 951 95TH CONGRESS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I REPORT 2d Session No. 95-1817 KOREAN INFLUENCE INVESTIGATION REPORT BY THE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS OF OFFICIAL CONDUCT (Pursuant to H. Res. 952) WITH ADDITIONAL VIEWS DECEMBER 22, 1978.-Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE * 36-699 0 WASHINGTON : 1978 COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS OF OFFICIAL CONDUCT JOHN J. FLYNT, JR., Georgia, Chairman OLIN E. TEAGUE, Texas FLOYD D. SPENCE, South Carolina CHARLES E. BENNETT, Florida JAMES H. QUILLEN, Tennessee LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana ALBERT H. QUIET, Minnesota RICHARDSON PREYER, North Carolina THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi WALTER FLOWERS, Alabama MILLICENT FENWICK, New Jersey BRUCE F. CAPUTO, New York JOHN M. SWANNER, Staff Director JOHN W. NIELDS, JR., Chief Counsel JEFFREY HARRIS, Deputy Chief Counsel ROBERT A. BERMINGHAM, Investigator CONTENTS F o re w o r d ------------ -- - - ----------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - I. Introduction ----------------------------------------- A. The investigation -- B. Adequacy of existing law: Recommendations ----------- C. Disciplinary recommendations------------- II. Tongsun Park ------------------------------------------ A. Introduction ---- B. The adoption of the lobbying plan and the relationship of Tongsun Park to the ROK Government ------------ C. The plan in operation: Park's relationships with and efforts to influence Members of Congress -- - 1. Richard T. Hanna ....-- 2. Cornelius E. Gallagher-- 3. Otto E. Passman and Edwin W. Edwards --- 4. William E. Minshall .---- 5. Sitting Members as to whom the committee insti- tuted disciplinary proceedings---------- 6. Sitting Members who were investigated as to whom the committee did not institute disciplinary pro- ceedings------------------------- 7. Other form er M embers -------------------------- III. Hancho C. Kim -.... A. Introduction - B. The plan --- 1. Kim Sang Keun's evidence - - 2. Evidence corroborating Kim Sang Keun's testimony- C. The implementation of the plan . - ---- 1. Hancho Kim's testimony and contempt -- 2. The Korea Exchange Bank_ 3. Investigation of the advance guard -_-- IV. Payments to Members of Congress and their families by officials of the ROK Government -- - --- A. Publicized information - B. Nonpublicized information - C. Investigative efforts--------- 1. Investigation of Members' finances and contacts with ROK officials_-_ 2. Efforts to obtain testimony from officials of the ROK Government -- D. Conclusions - V. Suzi Park Thomson ---- VI. Trips ---- - -- VII. Findings, conclusions, and recommendations with respect to existing rules of conduct-------------------------- - -- A. Criminal statutes --- B. The constitutional prohibition --- C. House rules ---- D. Evaluation----------- VIII. Disciplinary recommendations -------------- - A. Recommended procedural reforms -- B. Recommended substantive reforms ------.... IX. Additional views _----- X. Appendix - - XI. Exhibits -- ---- -- FOREWORD On December 4, 5, and 6, 1978, a quorum being present, the Com- inittee on Standards of Official Conduct met in executive session to review a draft of this report. On December 5, 1978, the committee tentatively approved this report, as amended, by a vote of 7-0. On December 6, 1978, the committee finally approved the report, as amended, by a vote of 8-0 subject to further review and corrections to be made by the chairman and the ranking minority member of the committee. the report as so reviewed and corrected follows: (V) Union Calendar No. 951 95TH CONGRESS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I REPORT 2d esion No. 95-1817 KOREAN INFLUENCE INVESTIGATION DECEMBER 22, 1978.-Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed Mr. FIYNT, from the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, submitted the following REPORT I I. INTRODUCTION On February 9, 1977, citing informationn" alleging "that Members of the House of Representatives have been the object of efforts by . the Government of the Republic of Korea [ROK] to influence the Members' official conduct by conferring things of value on them," the House of Representatives unanimously adopted House Resolution 252.1 House Resolution 252 imposed three obligations on this commit- tee. First, it directed the committee to conduct a "full and complete inquiry 'and investigation" into the allegation set forth above that Members of Congress accepted things of value from the ROK Govern- inent. Second, it directed the committee to make "findings, conclusions and recommendations" with respect to the adequacy of the existing riles of conduct to prevent actual and apparent exertion of improper influence by foreign governments on Members of Congress. Third, it directed the committee to report its recommendations to the House of Representatives regarding disciplinary action to be taken against any Member of the House of Representatives found, as a result of the investigation, to have violated any applicable standard of conduct. Although there was, at the time of the adoption of House Resolution 252, already an ongoing investigation by the Department of Justice into the allegations of influence buying by the ROK, the reasons for its adoption are manifest. Certain Members of the House of Represent- atives were the objects of the allegations and the integrity of the House of Representatives had been publicly questioned. This committee viewed House Resolution 252 as an attempt by the House of Represent- atives to establish that it has the will to conduct a thorough and un- inhibited investigation of itself and to judge and discipline its Mem- bers where warranted. Thus, in addition to conducting the Korean influence investiga- tion and fulfilling the tasks assigned to it under House Resolution 252, the committee believed that it had a second responsibility, namely, to establish that the House is serious about the very unpleasant but ex- tremely important job of self-investigation and self-discipline. The results of the committee's efforts are set forth in this report. A. THE INVESTIGATION In parts 11 through VI of this report, the committee sets forth the results of its investigative task. structure In order to insure that its own investigation would be thorough and impartial in both appearance and fact, the committee adopted, on February 8, 1977, a resolution-contingent -on the adoption by the House of House Resolution 252-under which the investigation would be conducted by 'an outside independent special counsel and a special 1 H. Res. 252 is set forth in Its entirety as exhibit 1 of this report. staff picked by the special counsel himself.2 The committee retained as special counsel, Philip Lacovara, of the firm Hughes, Hubbard & Reed. Mr. Lacovara previously had acted as counsel to the Special Prosecutor during the Watergate investigation and had been tenta- tively employed by the chairman a.id ranking minority member in the fall of 1976. Mr. Lacovara recruited a special staff of attorneys, investigators, and support staff to carry out the Korean influence inquiiT investi- gation. He was given total independence in his selection of staff. To super- vise the work of this staff, Lacovara appointed John W. Nields, Jr., senior law clerk to Supreme Court Justice Byron White and former Chief of the Civil Division of the Office of the U.S. Attorney, Southern District of New York. In addition, five other attorneys, nine investi- gators, three paralegals and seven secretaries were hired. The attorneys and investigators appointed to the special staff were experienced in law enforcement, financial investigations, and congressional investi- gations. Special staff investigators came largely from federal law enforcement agencies and local units investigating official corruption. On July 15, 1977, Philip Lacovara resigned as special counsel. On July 19, 1977, the committee retained as the new special counsel, for- mer Watergate Special Prosecutor Leon Jaworski. Mr. Jaworski brought with him as Deputy Special Counsel Peter A. White, a mem- ber of the firm of Fulbright and Jaworski. John W. Nields, Jr. re- nained as chief counsel directly in charge of the daily conduct of the investigation. The entire special staff recruited by Lacovara remained with the committee. During this change, the work of the special staff continued without interruption. Methods At the outset of the investigation, the information available to the staff consisted of diffuse and unspecific press reports that the Korean Government had adopted plans to influence Congress through three private citizens of Korean extraction, Tongsun Park, Hancho Kim, and Suzi Park Thomson, and through direct payments from ROK Embassy officials in Washington, D.C. In order to give the investiga- tion more focus, attempts were made at the outset to determine the scope of efforts by the Government of the Republic of Korea to influ- ence Members of Congress. There were two possible sources of infor- mation concerning the scope of such efforts: the ROK Government and the U.S. Congress. The committee had no access to the officials of the ROK Govern- ment at the outset of the investigation, and it was determined that the most fruitful way to gather information about the outlines and scope of any lobbying effort would be to canvass both present and former Members of the House of Representatives. Thus, the committee issued a questionnaire to each person who served as a Member of the House of Representatives since January
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2/1/75 - Mardi Gras Ball” of the Betty Ford White House Papers, 1973-1977 at the Gerald R
    The original documents are located in Box 2, folder “2/1/75 - Mardi Gras Ball” of the Betty Ford White House Papers, 1973-1977 at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Betty Ford donated to the United States of America her copyrights in all of her unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. A MARDI GRAS HISTORY Back in the early 1930's, United States Senator Joseph KING'S CAKE Eugene Ransdell invited a few fellow Louisianians to his Washington home for a get together. Out of this meeting grew 2 pounds cake flour 6 or roore eggs the Louisiana State Society and, in turn, the first Mardi Gras l cup sugar 1/4 cup warm mi lk Ball. The king of the first ball was the Honorable F. Edward 1/2 oz. yeast l/2oz. salt Hebert. The late Hale Boggs was king of the second ball . l pound butter Candies to decorate The Washington Mardi Gras Ball, of course, has its origins in the Nardi Gras celebration in New Orleans, which in turn dates Put I 1/2 pounds flour in mixing bowl.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Directory LOUISIANA
    112 Congressional Directory LOUISIANA LOUISIANA (Population 1998, 4,369,000) SENATORS JOHN BREAUX, Democrat, of Crowley, LA; born in Crowley, LA, on March 1, 1944; grad- uated, St. Michael's High School, Crowley, LA, 1961; B.A., political science, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, 1964; J.D., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 1967; law partner, Brown, McKernan, Ingram, and Breaux, 1967±68; legislative assistant to Congress- man Edwin W. Edwards, 1968±69; district assistant to Congressman Edwards, 1969±72; mem- ber: Louisiana Bar Association and Acadia Parish Bar Association; board of directors, Inter- national Rice Festival Association; member: Crowley Jaycees; Crowley Chamber of Commerce; Pi Lambda Beta, prelaw fraternity; Phi Alpha Delta, law fraternity; Lambda Chi Alpha, social fraternity; Student Bar Association, L.S.U.; U.S.L. tennis team; Moot Court finalist, L.S.U., 1966; winner, American Legion Award; married the former Lois Gail Daigle in 1964; four chil- dren: John I. Jr., William Lloyd, Elizabeth Andre, and Julia Agnes; one granddaughter: Anna Kate Sheperdson; elected to the 92nd Congress by special election, 7th District of Louisiana, September 30, 1972; reelected to the seven succeeding Congresses; chairman, Subcommittee on the Conservation of Wildlife and Fisheries and the Environment, 1979±86; elected to U.S. Sen- ate on November 4, 1986; chairman, Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, 1989±90; member and chairman, Democratic Leadership Council (1991±93); elected Democratic chief deputy whip, 104th
    [Show full text]
  • Collection 93 Osborne, Ollie Tucker (1911-1994)
    Collection 93 Osborne, Ollie Tucker (1911-1994). Papers, 1927-1985 22 feet Ollie Tucker Osborne's papers detail the activities of one of Louisiana's leading advocates of women's rights during the 1970s. Ollie was extremely active in the League of Women Voters and the Evangeline ERA coalition. She attended conferences or workshops throughout the South. She was appointed to the 1977 state women's convention in Baton Rouge and was elected a state delegate to the national convention in Houston. She helped organize or coordinate a number of workshops and conferences in Louisiana on women's rights. Much of this often frenetic activity can be seen through her papers. Osborne was born in northern Louisiana and educated at Whitmore College and Louisiana State University. Just before graduation she married Louis Birk, a salesman for McGraw-Hill & Company, and moved to New York. After several false starts Osborne launched a career in public relations and advertising which she pursued for twenty years. This included some pioneering work in television advertising. Following the sudden death of Birk in 1952, Osborne returned to Louisiana where she met and married Robert Osborne, an English professor at the University of Southwestern Louisiana (now the University of Louisiana at Lafayette). During the next two decades she was busy as president of Birk & Company, a publisher of reading rack pamphlets. Osborne's introduction to politics at the state level was as an official League of Women Voters observer of the 1973 Constitutional Convention. Early in the year she determined that some on-going communication link was necessary to allay voter fear and apathy about the new constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • February 9, 1967 HON. RICHARD D. Mccarthy
    February 9, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 3281 CONFIRMATIONS FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION APPALACHIAN REGIONAL COMMISSION Executive nominations confirmed by Lowell K. Bridwell, of Ohio, to be Adminis­ Joe W. Fleming II, of Arkansas, to be Fed­ the Senate February 9 (legislative day of trator of the Federal Highway Administra­ eral cochairman of the Appalachian Regional February 8), 1967: tion. Commission. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Rail Rapid Transit emphatic yes! The poor and indigent must tegrate pieces. The wide right-of-way is in­ have ready and economical access to the out­ appropriate in cities. It wreaks havoc with er communities. This is where many of the existing structures; takes too much off the EXTENSION OF REMARKS employment opportunities these people seek tax rolls, and cuts great swaths through the OF are located. neighborhoods." (Patrick Healy, executive The model city sessions were devoted pri­ director, National League of Cities.) HON. RICHARD D. McCARTHY marily to the conditions within our core Again, there was the W1lliamsburg Confer­ OF NEW YORK areas. Through a common effort, many of ence, where Detroit's Mayor Cavanaugh, the problems faced by the forgotten, un­ President of the National League of Cities, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES skilled and deprived groups, could be solved. said: "We must keep in mind the necessity Thursday, February 9, 1967 In addition, certain areas outside of our of including a strong component of rapid present city limits are also plagued by pov­ transit if we are to end up with a balanced Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, the erty. These neighboring residents could be transportation system in the comprehensive necessity of rail rapid transit to match helped by the opening of job opportunities plan because huge sums for urban highways America's future transportation needs which were previously limited because of the will never by themselves solve urban trans­ and requirements was emphasized to me lack of good public transportation.
    [Show full text]
  • Interview with John Breaux by Brien Williams
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bowdoin College Bowdoin College Bowdoin Digital Commons George J. Mitchell Oral History Project Special Collections and Archives 1-28-2010 Interview with John Breaux by Brien Williams John B. Breaux Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/mitchelloralhistory Part of the Law and Politics Commons, Oral History Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Breaux, John B., "Interview with John Breaux by Brien Williams" (2010). George J. Mitchell Oral History Project. 177. https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/mitchelloralhistory/177 This Interview is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections and Archives at Bowdoin Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in George J. Mitchell Oral History Project by an authorized administrator of Bowdoin Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. George J. Mitchell Oral History Project Bowdoin College Library, 3000 College Sta., Brunswick, Maine 04011 © Bowdoin College John Breaux GMOH# 189 (Interviewer: Brien Williams) January 28, 2010 Brien Williams: This is an oral history interview for the George J. Mitchell Oral History Project at Bowdoin College with former Senator John Breaux. We are in the offices of the Breaux-Lott Leadership Group in Washington, D.C. Today is Thursday, January 28, 2010, and I am Brien Williams. I noticed that you came to the Senate in 1986, and George Mitchell at the time was chairman of the [Democratic] Senatorial Campaign Committee. John Breaux: Yeah, I’d been in the House since ‘72, and so when I came to the Senate, it was to replace Russell Long, and George was the chairman of the Senatorial Campaign Committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Benjamin Jonah Koch 2011
    Copyright by Benjamin Jonah Koch 2011 The Dissertation Committee for Benjamin Jonah Koch Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Watchmen in the Night: The House Judiciary Committee’s Impeachment Inquiry of Richard Nixon Committee: David Oshinsky, Supervisor H.W. Brands Dagmar Hamilton Mark Lawrence Michael Stoff Watchmen in the Night: The House Judiciary Committee’s Impeachment Inquiry of Richard Nixon by Benjamin Jonah Koch, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2011 Dedication To my grandparents For their love and support Acknowledgements I owe an immense debt of gratitude to my dissertation supervisor, David Oshinsky. When I arrived in graduate school, I did not know what it meant to be a historian and a writer. Working with him, especially in the development of this manuscript, I have come to understand my strengths and weaknesses, and he has made me a better historian. Thank you. The members of my dissertation committee have each aided me in different ways. Michael Stoff’s introductory historiography seminar helped me realize exactly what I had gotten myself into my first year of graduate school—and made it painless. I always enjoyed Mark Lawrence’s classes and his teaching style, and he was extraordinarily supportive during the writing of my master’s thesis, as well as my qualifying exams. I workshopped the first two chapters of my dissertation in Bill Brands’s writing seminar, where I learned precisely what to do and not to do.
    [Show full text]
  • HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES-Wednesday, January 24, 1973 the House Met at 12 O'clock Noon
    January 24, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 2105 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Wednesday, January 24, 1973 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The message also announced that the ica in Congress assembled, That the President The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, Senate had passed without amendment of the United States is authorized and re­ D. D., offered the following prayer: a joint and concurrent resolution of the quested to issue a proclamation: (1) declar­ ing the week of February 11 to 17, 1973, to Yea, though I walk through the valley House of the following titles: be "National Voctl:tional Education Week"; of the shadow oj death, I will fear no H.J. Res. 163. Joint resolution designating (2) inviting the Governors of the States and the week commencing January 28, 1973, as the heads of local governments to issue sim­ evil, for Thou art with me.-Psalm 23: 4. "International Clergy Week in the United 0 ilar proclamations; and (3) calllng on the God and Father of us all, in deep States", and for other purposes; and people of the United States to become bet­ sadness of heart we lift our spirits unto H. Con. Res. 90. Concurrent resolution au­ ter acquainted with the services available Thee as we journey through the valley thorizing the remains of former President through vocational education. of the shadow of death with the family Lyndon B. Johnson to lie in state in the of our beloved Lyndon Baines Johnson. rotunda of the Capitol. The joint resolution was ordered to be We thank Thee for his long and distin­ The message also announced that the engrossed and read a third time, was guished service to his State and our coun­ Senate had passed a bill of the following read the third time, and passed, and a try, for his contribution as a Member of motion to reconsider was laid on the title, in which the concurrence of the table.
    [Show full text]
  • Congress - New Members” of the Robert T
    The original documents are located in Box 10, folder “Congress - New Members” of the Robert T. Hartmann Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Some items in this folder were not digitized because it contains copyrighted materials. Please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library for access to these materials. Digitized from Box 10 of the Robert T. Hartmann Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library .., SENATE I RepuL~ans · Garn, E. J. Utah Laxalt, Paul Nevada Democrats Bumpers, Dale Arkansas Culver, John C. Iowa Ford, Wendell Kentucky Glenn, John H. Ohio Hart, Gary W. Colorado Leahy, Patrick J. Vermont Morgan, Robert B. North Carolina Stone, Richard Florida The New Hampshire race has not been decided. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (REPUBLICANS) David F. Emery Maine Millicent Fenwick New Jersey William F. Goodling Pennsylvania Bill Gradison Ohio Charles E. Grassley Iowa Tom Hagedorn Minnesota George V. Hansen Idaho . Henry J. Hyde Illinois James M.
    [Show full text]
  • Acoa 0 0 0 2
    CONGRESSIONAL & GOVERNMENT LIST CONGRESSIONAL & GOVERNMENT LIST Congressmen respond most quickly to the interests end concerns of their constituents. Following is a list of congressmen who - if aup3orted from their district - might be likely to develop a concern for the future of Southern-Africe anH more ?articilarly a concern for United States policy 'towwd SoulAhern Africa.. Othsr Congressmen who have already shown -az ebtive interest in this issue are also included on tho list,.Allof these Congr~bbman sho4d be contacted by individuals and organiiations with Southern African conoermA," --- --- ----- -- - R-r - - ------- House of Rspsentatives California: George E. Brown-D ,PhilIlip; 8urton.-D Ji6fFrey Cohelan-D Don Edwards-D Augustus F. Hawkins-D William S. Mailliard-R John E. Moss-D Thomas M, Rees-D Edward R. Roybal-D John V. Tunney-D Connecticut: Donald J. Irwin-D Illinois: William L. Dawson-D Barrett O'Hara-D William T. Murphy-D Donald Rumsfeld-R Sidney R. Yatas-D Indiana: E. Ross Adeir-R John Brademas-D Lee H,. Hamilton-D Iowa: John C. Culver-D Kentucky: William 0. Cowger-R maryland: Clarence D. Long-D Charles McC. Mathies, Jr.-R Madsahu rtts: Silvii 0. Conte-R Hastings Keith-R F, Bradford Mcrse-R !ichigan: William S. Broomfield-R John J. Conyers, Jr.-D Charles C. Diggs, Jr.-D Marvin L. Esch-R Jack H. McDonald-R James G. O'Hara-D Donald W. Reigle, Jr.-R Minnesota: John A.* Bletnik-D Donald M. Fraser-O Joseph Karth-D Missouri: Richard Bolling-D Leonor K. Sullivan-D New Jersey Petse Frolinghuysen-R " Cornelius GallagherD Henry Helstoski-D Joseph C.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2005
    Order Code RL30261 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2005 Updated June 21, 2005 Mildred L. Amer Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2005 Summary A record 83 women serve in the 109th Congress: 69 in the House (46 Democrats and 23 Republicans) and 14 in the Senate (9 Democrats and 5 Republicans). Representative Jeanette Rankin (R-MT, 1917-1919, 1941-1943) was the first woman elected to Congress. Rebecca Latimer Felton (D-GA) was the first woman to serve in the Senate. She was appointed in 1922 and served for only one day. A total of 228 women have served in Congress, 144 Democrats and 84 Republicans. Of these women, 195 have served only in the House; 26 have served only in the Senate; and seven have served in both houses. The figures include one Delegate each from Guam, Hawaii, District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Of the 202 women who have served in the House, 36 were elected to fill vacancies caused by the death of their husbands. Fifteen of the 36 were subsequently elected to additional terms. Nineteen women have been elected to fill other vacancies. Edith Nourse Rogers (R-MA), who served in the House for 35 years, holds the record for length of service by a woman in Congress. Margaret Chase Smith (R- ME), the first woman elected to the House and Senate, holds the record for Senate service by a woman with 24 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Legislators of California
    The Legislators of California March 2011 Compiled by Alexander C. Vassar Dedicated to Jane Vassar For everything With Special Thanks To: Shane Meyers, Webmaster of JoinCalifornia.com For a friendship, a website, and a decade of trouble-shooting. Senator Robert D. Dutton, Senate Minority Leader Greg Maw, Senate Republican Policy Director For providing gainful employment that I enjoy. Gregory P. Schmidt, Secretary of the Senate Bernadette McNulty, Chief Assistant Secretary of the Senate Holly Hummelt , Senate Amending Clerk Zach Twilla, Senate Reading Clerk For an orderly house and the lists that made this book possible. E. Dotson Wilson, Assembly Chief Clerk Brian S. Ebbert, Assembly Assistant Chief Clerk Timothy Morland, Assembly Reading Clerk For excellent ideas, intriguing questions, and guidance. Jessica Billingsley, Senate Republican Floor Manager For extraordinary patience with research projects that never end. Richard Paul, Senate Republican Policy Consultant For hospitality and good friendship. Wade Teasdale, Senate Republican Policy Consultant For understanding the importance of Bradley and Dilworth. A Note from the Author An important thing to keep in mind as you read this book is that there is information missing. In the first two decades that California’s legislature existed, we had more individuals serve as legislators than we have in the last 90 years.1 Add to the massive turnover the fact that no official biographies were kept during this time and that the state capitol moved seven times during those twenty years, and you have a recipe for missing information. As an example, we only know the birthplace for about 63% of the legislators. In spite of my best efforts, there are still hundreds of legislators about whom we know almost nothing.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 7: a Social History of Farm Labor in California 443
    ✯ CHAPTER 7: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF FARM LABOR IN CALIFORNIA 443 Chapter 7 CONTAINING CRLA he effort to contain CRLA came from the highest levels of state and T national government. Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon represented the interests of farm employers and their allies in a running battle with CRLA in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Knowing that Reagan was no friend of the farm workers, CRLA had challenged his administration and purposely provoked as public a confrontation with him as soon as pos- sible, hoping to maintain public support as a counterweight to the gover- nor’s power over the program. CEO regulations gave Reagan, as governor of California, thirty days to veto grants made by the OEO for California. The Governor’s veto could only be overridden by the director of the OEO.1 CRLA’s primary defense against a gubernatorial veto was influential non- partisan support for exemplary performance of its prescribed tasks in ac- cordance with nationally recognized legal principles. For 1967 refunding, the veto issue was sidestepped because the direc- tor of the OEO continued to fund CRLA as a research and demonstra- tion project, and research and demonstration grants were not subject to 1 OEO regulations, 42 U.S.C., para. 2834 (1964). 444 CALIFORNIA LEGAL HISTORY ✯ VOLUME 15, 2020 gubernatorial veto.2 When it came to refunding CRLA for 1968, however, the governor had a chance to veto the program and his executive secre- tary, William P. Clark, indicated he would. Clark said that CRLA had encouraged litigation and had “perhaps opened the door too wide to in- digent clients” and that CRLA had “imposed burdens on rural courts by [its] incursions into social legislation” that “could be carried to all sorts of extremes.”3 CRLA countered that the Reagan Administration, “apparently looks with favor on helping poor people with legal services only if they are suing other poor people such as in divorce cases.
    [Show full text]