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Analyze and Evaluate the Actions of Sura Al-Baqara, with Approach

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Analyze and Evaluate the Actions of Sura Al-Baqara, with Approach دوﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ 8د ، ش 1 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 36 )، ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ و اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ 1396 ، ﺻﺺ 49 -77 -77 49 ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮرة ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﺔ ﺑﻘﺮه ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮد « ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد واژﮔﺎن » » ∗∗∗ ﻲﻋﻠ ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﻲ1 ، ﻛﺎووس روﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺪق2 ، ﻋﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﺘﻘﻲ زاده3 ، ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ رﺳﺘﻤﻲ ﻛﻴﺎ4 1 . اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﻋﻠﻮم ﻗﺮآن و ﺣﺪﻳﺚ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس، ﺗﻬﺮان 2 ﻋ. ﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﺮ وه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻗﺮآن و ﺣﺪﻳﺚ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس، ﺗﻬﺮ ان 3 . داﻧﺸﻴﺎر زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻋﺮﺑﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس، ﺗﻬﺮان 4 . داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ ارﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻗﺮآن و ﺣﺪﻳﺚ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس، ﺗﻬﺮان درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: /4/24 95 ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: /2/8 95 95 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه « ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد واژﮔﺎن»1 روﺷﻲ در ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎ ﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ واژﮔﺎن ﻣﺘﻦ را ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪة آن ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﻛﻨﺎر ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮار دادن آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم دﻗﻴﻖ و ﻛﺎﻣﻞ واژه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻳﺪ. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ واژﮔﺎن و ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي آن ﻫﺎ در زﺑﺎن ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ اراﺋﺔ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اي ﻛ ﺎﻣﻞ و دﻗﻴﻖ از ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس، در ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻼش ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ - ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ و روﻳﻜﺮدي اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي، اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮرة ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﺔ ﺑﻘﺮه - ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ آن ﻫﺎ در ﻳﺎزده ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﻳﺘﻲ، ارﻓﻊ، اﻟﻬﻲ ﻗﻤﺸﻪ اي، ﺳﺮاج، ﺻﻔﺎرزاده، ﻓﻮﻻدوﻧﺪ، ﻛﺎوﻳﺎﻧﭙﻮر، ﮔﺮﻣ ﺎرودي، ﻣﺠﺘﺒﻮي، ﻣﺸﻜﻴﻨﻲ و ﻣﻜﺎرم ﺷﻴﺮازي ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ - ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ آن ﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ آﻳﺪ. ﺑﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ اوﻻً ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ « ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 4:58 IRST on Saturday October 2nd 2021 واژﮔﺎن » ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻻزم را ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ و ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻮارد ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي اوﻟﻴﻪ و اﺳﺎﺳﻲ اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮده و از ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ در ﻫﺮ واژه ﺻﺮف ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ؛ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎً ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺪام از ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻧﺒﻮده اﻧﺪ، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﺸﻜﻴﻨﻲ، اﻟﻬﻲ ﻗﻤﺸﻪ اي و ﻣﺠﺘﺒﻮي در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ دﻳﮕﺮان از دﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده و ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ارﻓﻊ ﻧﻴﺰ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. واژﮔﺎن ﻛﻠﻴﺪي : اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮرة ﺑﻘﺮه، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ، ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ، ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد واژﮔﺎن. ∗∗∗∗ 1 E-mail: ail.hajikh ani@ mod ares.ac.ir Analy sis of the individua l words ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــ * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪة ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ: E-mail: [email protected] ﻋﻠ ﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮرة ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﻪ ... 1 . ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻃﺮح ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ 3 2 ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻢ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ 4 اﺑﻌﺎد ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻣﺘﻦ وارد ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣ ﻴﺎن، « واژه ﺑﻪ» ﻋﻨﻮان اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ 5 و ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﺘﻦ، ﻧﻘﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ و ﻣﺤﻮري در ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺳﺎزي و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻌﻨﺎ دارد. در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ واژﮔﺎن ﻗﺮآن، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ « ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد ،» اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮرة ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﺔ ﺑﻘﺮه را - ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ آن ﻫﺎ در ﻳﺎزده ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮده از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ - ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻧﻘﺪ ﻛﺮده اﻳﻢ. ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺸﻜﻼت اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ روي ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ، ﺗﺠﺰﻳﺔ واژﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ آن ﻫﺎﺳﺖ . ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن، ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه در ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﺘﻮن ﺣﺴﺎس و ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ، وﻇﻴﻔﻪ دارﻧﺪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ، ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ و دﻻﻟﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﺘﻦ را ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﺔ « ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد واژﮔﺎن» ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﺗﺎ درﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎ درﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ، ﺑﺮﮔﺮداﻧﻲ دﻗﻴﻖ و ﻛﺎﻣﻞ از ﻗﺮآن ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺷﻮد. درﻣﻮرد اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ اﺳﻼم آﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﻬﻲ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪه و در آن، ﻗﺮآن ﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ ودﻳﻌﻪ ﻧﻬﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ ازاﻳﻦ رو، ﻫﻤﮕﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻛﺘﺎب آﺳﻤﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﻼم آﮔﺎه ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺳﺎده ﺗﺮﻳﻦ راه دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﺪ ﻓﻲ، « ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ» دﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ آن اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ، اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻗﺮآن ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻪ از ﺿﺮورت ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻎ دﻳﻦ اﺳﻼم اﺳﺖ. آﺣﺎد ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ واژﮔﺎن از اﺟﻤﺎع و اﺷﺘﺮاك ﻋﻤﻮم ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻟﻐﻮي و ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮي اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط و اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع « ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد واژﮔﺎن» ، در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮآﻧﻴﻢ ﺗ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ آن در ﺟﺬب ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه و ارزش واﻻ و ﺑﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ، ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت و ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 4:58 IRST on Saturday October 2nd 2021 ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن در ﺗﺠﺰﻳﺔ واژﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ آن ﻫﺎ، ﺑﺎ آن ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار دﻫﻴﻢ و راﻫﻜﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ را در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻛﻨﻴﻢ. ﻳﻜﻲ از راﻫﻜﺎرﻫﺎي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲِ روﻳﻜﺮد « ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد واژﮔﺎن» ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ در واژﮔﺎن ﻗﺮآﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و دﻗﺖ در آﺣﺎد ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﻚ واژه در زﺑﺎن ﻣﺒﺪأ (ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺳﺖ) اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي دﻗﻴﻖ واژه آﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ و آن ﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اي دﻗﻴﻖ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ 2 3 semlinguistics antics 4 5 word sem antic unit 50 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ دورة 8 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 1 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 36 )، ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ و اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ 1396 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭼﺎﻟﺸﻲ از اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮرة ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﺔ ﺑﻘﺮه در ﻳﺎزده ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازﻳﻢ. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ، اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل زﻳﺎد ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن از آن ﻫﺎ و دﻳﮕﺮ، ﻣﺸﻬﻮر و ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺸﺎن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻛﺮ ده اﻳﻢ آن ﻫﺎ را از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ در ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد در ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ واژﮔﺎن ﻗﺮآﻧﻲ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ واژﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﻲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ و ﭘﻴﺎم، ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰاﻳﻲ در ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ دارﻧﺪ، ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ راه را ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ روﻳﻜﺮد ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد واژ ﮔﺎن در ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺑﮕﺸﺎﻳﺪ. ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻳﺎزده ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮده ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و از اﻳﻦ رﻫﮕﺬر ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ داده اﻳﻢ: ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ واژﮔﺎن ﻗﺮآﻧﻲ درﺧﺼﻮص روﻳﻜﺮد « ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد واژﮔﺎن » ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ؟ آﻳﺎ اﻳﻦ اﺻﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻓﺮاﻳ ﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ؟ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺮآﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻟﺒﺘﻪ، در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﻤﺔ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻜﺮده و ﺑﺮﺧﻲ دﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﻴﺶ از دﻳﮕﺮان ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آورده اﻧﺪ. 2 . ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ در زﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻌﺎدل واژﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از آن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺳﺖ: 1 . ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ « ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﺻﻞ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اي واژﮔﺎن در ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ » ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ ﻣﻴﺮﺣﺎﺟﻲ، ﻣﺮاﻣﻲ و اﻣﺎﻧﻲ. ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ واژﮔﺎن ﻗﺮآن را از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ - ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳ ﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻧﻘﺪ ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ. 2 . ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ « ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ در ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﺘﻮن دﻳﻨﻲ؛ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ دو ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ از ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﻼﻏﻪ (دﺷﺘﻲ و ﺷﻬﻴﺪي) » ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ رﺿﺎ ﻧﺎﻇﻤﻴﺎن و ﺣﺴﺎم ﺣﺎج ﻣﺆﻣﻦ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، دو ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ از ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﻼﻏﻪ از Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 4:58 IRST on Saturday October 2nd 2021 ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺳﺒﻚ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﺷﻴﻮه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻳﺎﺑﻲ واژﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. .3 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ « ﺗﻌﺎدل واژﮔﺎﻧﻲ و اﻫﻤﻴﺖ آن در ﻓﻬﻢ دﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﺘﻦ (ﻣﻮردﻛﺎوي ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ از ﺧﻄﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﻼﻏﻪ )» ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻮق، ﻗﺎﺋﻤﻲ و ﻣﻈﻔﺮي. ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﻼﻏﻪ را در ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي واژﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻴﺪه اﻧﺪ. اﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن در زﻣﻴﻨﺔ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد واژﮔﺎن، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. 51 ﻋﻠ ﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ان ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮرة ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﻪ ... در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ - ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ، روﻳﻜﺮدي اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه، ﺑﻪ واﻛﺎوي ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ در ﻣﺒﺤﺚ « ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد واژﮔﺎن » ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﻳﻢ. ﭼﻮن اﮔﺮ ﻧﻴﻚ ﺗﺄﻣﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ، ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ دﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺳﺎس ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب، اﺻﻞ « ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد واژﮔﺎن » اﺳﺖ؛ زﻳﺮا اﻳﻦ اﺻﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻳﺎﺑﻲ دﻗﻴﻖ و ﺻﺤﻴﺢ واژﮔﺎن در زﺑﺎن ﻣﺒﺪأ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. 3 . ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻛﻪ درﺣﺪ وﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﺒﺪأ و ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﻗﺮار دارد، ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﻲ زﺑﺎن ﻣﺒﺪأ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻫﺎﻳﻲ در زﺑﺎن ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﻨﺪ و در ﻣﻴﺎن اﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ، ﻋﻨﺼﺮ واژﮔﺎن ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﺳﺖ. 6 ﻛﺖ ﻓﻮرد وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ را ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﻲ زﺑﺎن ﻣﺒﺪأ در زﺑﺎن ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻲ داﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ، ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻲ وﻳﮋه اي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ و ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اي را ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ اﻳﻦ ﺧﻮاص ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ: « ﻫﺮ اﻧﺪازه ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ زﺑﺎن ﻣﺒﺪأ و زﺑﺎن ﻣﻘﺼﺪ زﻳﺎدﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎن اﻧﺪازه ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد » ( Catford, 1965: 49 ). ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﺷﺮاﻳ ﻂ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اي را ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺷﺮح ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻛﺮد: 1 . ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ارﺟﺎﻋﻲ؛ 2 . ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ، 3 . آﺣﺎد ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ؛ 4 . ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺸﻲ؛ 5 . 5 ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ؛ 6 . ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﺿﻤﻨﻲ و ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺼﻮرات ( ﻟﻄﻔﻲ ﭘﻮر ﺳﺎﻋﺪي، 1392 : 82). در اﻳﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ﺑﺮآﻧﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ را ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آﺣﺎد ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ (ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد واژﮔﺎن) ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ. 7 « ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد » اﺑﺘﺪا در زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺮدم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﺳﻴﻠﻪ اي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ رواﺑﻂ Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 4:58 IRST on Saturday October 2nd 2021 ﺑﻴﻦ اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت ﻗﻮمو ﺧﻮﻳﺸﻲ اﺑﺪاع ﺷﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ ﭘﺲ از آن ﺑﻪ اﺑﺰاري ﻣﻔﻴﺪ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪ. اﻳﻦ روش ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﻐﻮي را ﺑﻪ آﺣﺎد ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ و اﺻﻮﻻً ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ زﺑﺎن را ﻣﺮﻛﺐ از آﺣﺎد ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻀﺎد ﻣﻲ داﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ واﺣﺪ ﻟﻐﻮي ﻳﺎ واژه، ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ از اﻳﻦ آﺣﺎد ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ رود. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ، اﻳﻦ روش ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﺔ واژﮔﺎن ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪة آن ، رواﺑﻂ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ واژه ﻫﺎ و از اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ 8 زﺑﺎن را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ.
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